Wotchiyo ndi nyama yoseketsa ya banja la agologolo, lodziwika bwino, kutsogola kwawo moyo wachikoloni. Padziko lonse lapansi pali mitundu yoposa 40 ya nyama iyi. Madera achilengedwe aku Russia amakhala ndi mitundu 10 ya agologolo a pansi, ena mwa iwo omwe alembedwa mu Red Book, ndipo ena (mwachitsanzo, gopher), akuwonongedwa.
Ngakhale mawonekedwe osalakwa komanso kukula kocheperako, ma gopher amatha kukhala vuto lalikulu paulimi: kukhazikika pafupi ndi munda, nyamazo zimadya zokolola zam'munda ndi mbewu zam'munda, monga zolembera, kuphwanya mizu ya mbewu zosatha, komanso zimakhalanso ndi matenda owopsa.
Gophers: Mitundu yazamoyo
Kutalika kwa thupi la gopher wamkulu ndi 20-25 cm (makamaka makoswe akuluakulu amafikira 40 cm), kulemera - kuchokera 200 mpaka 1500 magalamu. Nthawi yomweyo, abambo nthawi zonse amakhala okwanira kuchulukitsa kuposa akazi.
Mtundu wa ubweya umadalira komwe amakhala ndipo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri: kuchokera pamtundu wobiriwira, wokhala ndi bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga amdima kapena malupu owala. M'nyengo yotentha, chovala cha ubweya wa nyama chimakhala cholimba komanso chachifupi, nthawi yozizira chimakhala chotalikirapo ndikupeza zofewa.
Mutu wa gopher uli ndi mawonekedwe, "owongoka". Makutu ang'ono, osawoneka bwino, otenthetsera atakhazikika mwamphamvu kumutu. Maso a gopher ndi ochepa, koma adatchulira tiziwalo tambiri tambiri tambiri, zomwe zimathandizira kutsuka timaso m'maso kuchokera kufumbi komanso dothi lomwe limasonkhanitsidwa pokumba.
Matumba akuluakulu okhala ndi makoswe amapangidwa kuti azinyamula chakudya m'makachotse.
Gophers ali ndi mawonekedwe otsika: m'malo omwe amawongoleredwa ndi mchira. Kutalika, nthawi zina kofanana kutalika kwa thupi la makoswe, mchira wake umakhala wodekha. Woponda girala amaika makhoma a pansi pake, mobwerera m'mbuyo. Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya mchira wagologolo ndi malamulo otentha: imatha kuphimba kuzizira ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ngati "ambulera" pamoto.
Kutsogolo kwake kuli zazing'ono ndi zokumbira zazingwe zazikulu zokumbira pansi pamtunda. Pofuna kuti isameze nthaka m'nthawi yokumba, mano a gopher ali ndi dongosolo lapadera.
Otsatsa a Gopher amalankhula mu "chilankhulo" chapadera chofanana ndi kuliza. Ndi iyo, amafalitsa chidziwitso chofunikira: cha malo omwe chakudya, njira yangozi, ndi zina zambiri.
Moyo wamba wa katswiri ndi zaka 2-3: ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala ndi zaka 5.
Habitat
Gophers amakhala makamaka m'malo otentha. Mutha kukumana nawo mu gawo la steppe, nkhalango-tundra, nkhalango-steppe. Nthawi yomweyo, kupirira kwachilengedwe kumawalola kupulumuka ngakhale m'malo okhala mchipululu komanso m'mapiri.
Nthawi zambiri, nzika za azitsamba zimakhala m'malo owoneka bwino: kunja kwa mitunda ndi minda. Gophers saopa kukakhala pafupi ndi anthu awa: amazungulira gawo la alimi, malo opezeka anthu ambiri m'nyumba zanyengo ndi minda.
Nyama imatsogolera pamtunda wokhala ndi moyo, kukumba maukonde osiyanasiyana kutalika kokhako. M'dothi la dongo, kutalika kwa ngalande za pansi pa nthaka za gophers nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwa mamita 6-8, mu dothi lamchenga limatha kufika 16 metres. Choyambitsa matendawa chimatha kugona pansi pa madzi.
Pamalo otetezeka a pansi panthaka, wolumayo amadzimanga yekha ndi chisa, amakutira udzu ndi masamba. Asanalowe m'nyumba ya gopher, munthu amatha kuwona zadothi kapena mchenga. Ndi ofanana patali ndi ma molecill, komabe, kukumbidwa kwa dzenjelo kumawoneka ngati chiphala chamoto, milu iyi ili ngati nkhono ya akavalo.
A Rodent Society ndi gulu la atsotsi 25-30. Pamodzi amapanga magulu akuluakulu. Woponda girala amakonda kukhala pambali: ndodo ziwiri zokulirapo zimakhala mugawo limodzi (kupatula mayi ndi ana). Nthawi yomweyo, khomo lolowera kumaenje aanthu ali pafupi, kotero kuti pakagwa ngozi panali kotheka kuti aliyense athandizane.
Gawo lodziwika bwino la akatswiri otchedwa gopher: iwo amangobisala nthawi yozizira komanso chilimwe. Cholinga cha kupumula "kwachilendo" kumeneku kungakhale kusowa kwa chakudya komanso chilala chadzaoneni. Kutetemera kumasiyana malinga ndi nyengo komanso malo okhala. M'madera akumwera, nthawi yogona ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa zigawo zakumpoto.
Kodi akatswiri otere amadya chiyani komanso momwe zingawonongere ulimi
Zakudya za gologolo wa pansi zimadalira komwe zimakhalapo: ndizakudya zambiri ndipo zimatha kudya zakudya zamitundu mitundu zomwe zimadziwika mderalo komanso nyengo.
Nyama zimadyera panthaka komanso mobisa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera.
- Chitsamba, clover, udzu wa tirigu,
- Mavwende ndi nyemba: makoswe,
- Mpendadzuwa: kudya mphukira zazing'ono zachinyamata, gopher amawonongeratu mbewu yonse, chifukwa chilichonse sichidzaphuka pazopuma zowuma,
- Chimanga,
- Zomera za babu: tulips,
- Mbale: oats, mapira, tirigu, rye,
- Acorns.
Zolocha ndi dimba sizidutsa chidwi chawo: amasangalala ndi kubzala kwamphepo kwa mitengo yazipatso: mapichesi, apurikoti.
Ngati ndi kotheka, akatswiri amafunika kudya zakudya za nyama: mazira a mbalame zomwe zatuluka mchisa kapena zopezeka zisa kumtunda, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi, dzombe, mbozi, mbozi.
Pokhala pafupi ndi magwero akulu azakudya, tizirombo tomwe timayambitsa zowononga zachuma:
- Kukumba mabowo pansi pa udzu wamuyaya, agologolo a pansi amaphwanya mizu yawo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthaka yoponyedwa pansi imapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kuyeretsa udzu,
- Kuzungulira mabowo kukuwoneka ngati "masamba owombera" pomwe mbewuyo yatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa,
- Gophers amavulanso mphukira zazing'ono. Mukafika pazomera za tirigu wachinyamata, amaluma mbewuzo m'malo otsika ndikuyamwa msuzi wokoma. Nditatha kudyetsa mamembala 20-30 a njuchi, mundawo wa mahekitala 1 ukadalipo wosabereka.
- Pamiyala ing'onoing'ono yamakolo, makoswe amafukula ndi kudya nthangala za mitengo yobzala kumene, mbande zazing'ono.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, gopher m'modzi amatha kudya / kusunga pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 4 a mbewu za tirigu pa dzenje lilonse nyengo. Ngati kuchuluka kwa anthu kudzakhala anthu 10/1 mahekitala, ndiye kuti kuchepa kwa tirigu pa hekitala iliyonse ndi 40 kg.
Anthu ochulukirachulukirachulukirachulukira ndiwopseza miliri. Amanyamula matenda opatsirana owopsa, makamaka brucellosis, mliri, tularemia. Matendawa amapezeka kudzera pakukhudzana mwachindunji, komanso kudzera utitiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tizilombo timene timakhala nthawi zambiri tikufuna kuti tipeze zotulutsa zambiri, zambiri zazomwe zitha kupezeka pano.