Sikuti mbalame iliyonse imasirira chidwi pakati pa munthu wamba, koma njenjete yaing'onoting'ono, kapena gawo lalifupi, mwina ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri opambana mwa kugunda kwa malingaliro a anthu. Kuyenda tsiku lina m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Oka kudera la Nizhny Novgorod, sitinakumane ndi mbalame zambiri, ndipo zinali zovuta kwambiri kudutsa gulu la asitikali.

Yokhala ndi tayi yayitali ( Aegithalos caudatus - - nthumwi ya banja lake lenileni la ma T-t-Long losindikizira ndipo si wachibale wapafupi ndi tit. Iyi ndi imodzi mwaz mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri, mtundu wa mtedza wokhala ndi mchira. Kulemera kwawo ndi gramu 700 zokha! Cholemera chochepa chimatha ndi mchira wautali wokongola.

Gulu nthawi ya nyengo yopanda nyengo mbalamezi zimadziwika mosavuta ndi zokhumba zawo - trrr trill ndi whistles. Awa ndi mbalame zoyenda kwambiri komanso zam'madzi zomwe zimayang'ana nthambi zamitengo, pansi kapena pansi posungira poyang'ana tizilombo ndi akangaude. Amakhala m'malo a nkhalango kuyambira ku Western Europe kupita ku Southeast Asia, m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zosakanikirana, amakonda nkhalango zowirira ndi nkhalango zowirira. Chapakatikati, nkhosazo zimagwera awiriawiri ndikuyamba kumanga chisa.

Mwamuna ndi mkazi kunja sikusiyana. Vapors zambiri amapanga nthawi yozizira yoyendayenda. Chisa chimamangidwa pamodzi, ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito yayitali, yomwe pamatenga milungu iwiri, mbalame zimamanga chisa chotseka. Makoma ake okhathamira amakhala ndi moss, udzu, cobwebs, khungwa la birch ndi lichen, ili pamalo okwera pafupifupi mamita 3-4. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa tit-yayitali yayitali ndikofunikira - pafupifupi mazira 10-12 (koma nthawi zina ochulukirapo - mpaka 16). Yaikazi imalowetsa mazira pafupifupi masiku 12 mpaka 13, makolo onsewo amadyetsa anapiye. Pali nthawi zina pamene anapiye adathandizidwa kudyetsa magulu ankhondo ena omwe analibe zisa zawo (kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe chotere chimafotokozedwera mbalame zina). Pakupita milungu iwiri, alondawo achinyamatawo achoka pachisa.

Idyani nalimitsa tizilombo ndi akangaude. Pambuyo molting mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, kusuntha kwa nthawi yophukira kumayamba. Mbalame zazikulu ndi anapiye awo ndi mbalame zina zomwe zaphatikizana nazo zimayenda limodzi. Magawo oyendayenda ndi osiyana kwambiri: kum'mwera kwa masanjidwewo, mwina amakhala achisoni, madera omwe atsalira amatha kuyendayenda kumwera ndi kumpoto. Nthawi zambiri amachita zinthu molimba mtima, kuyang'ana munthu komanso kukhala pafupi kwambiri. Monga, mwachitsanzo, ladle :-):

Ngati mumakonda nkhaniyo, monga ndikulembetsanso pa msewu!

Kodi titani yokhala ngati yayitali?

Matayala ndi a Passeriformes odula, zomwe zimangotanthauza kukula kochepa. Kutalika kwa thupili ndi masentimita 12-15 okha, pomwe nthenga zawo zimakhala mchira. "Gawo la mchira" limatha kufika pafupifupi masentimita 11. Unyinji waukulu wa mbalame wamkulu ndi magalamu asanu ndi anayi okha.

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Nthenga za tayi yayitali kwambiri ndi yofewa komanso yosalala. Pakayang'ana pang'ono, mbalameyi imatha kuwoneka ngati mpira ngakhale pang'ono, pomwe mchira wautali umatuluka. Komanso, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi supuni ya wowerengeka ya ku Russia yotayira, mwachitsanzo, msuzi. Chifukwa cha kufanana kumeneku, tayi yayitali yokhala ndi dzina lachiwiri, losakhala dzina, - ankhondo. M'malo mwake, ma tini oterewa ali ndi mayina ochulukirapo. Poganizira zilankhulo zonse zakomweko, mawonekedwe a mbalamezo amatha kusindikizidwa pafupifupi awiri.

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Tani yayitali-yokhala - wamwini chovala chokongola. Mitundu itatu ilamulira m'mitundu yambiri: yoyera, yakuda komanso yapinki pang'ono, yomwe imagwirizana bwino. Pali malo atatu osiyana utoto pa nthenga. Chifukwa chake, mutu, khosi komanso pafupifupi thupi lonse lotsika ndi loyera, mbali ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi pinki. Mchira ndi mapiko ake amajambulidwa ndi mitundu yakuda, yoyera ndi imvi.

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Tani wamtali wautali amadya mkate

Habitat ndi moyo

Sitimayi yokhala ndi tala yayitali imakhala m'nkhalango zowuma ndi zosakanizika, minda, mapaki, matchuni m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, zitsamba. Amakhala kumadera ambiri ku Europe, Asia Minor, China, Korea, ndi Japan. Ku Russia, ikuyimiridwa kwambiri ku Siberian.

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Malo okondweretsa okonda tini tating'ono tating'ono ndi mitengo italiitali ya msondodzi kapena birch. Nthawi zambiri chisa chimamangidwa pachitsamba chowirira pafupi ndi dziwe. Tani yokhala ndi tala yayitali ndimanga wabwino kwambiri wa chisa.

Chisa cha mbalameyi ndi mapangidwe ovoid okhala ndi notch yapamwamba (khomo). Zofunikira pazomwe zimamangidwazo ndi moss, koma chachikulu ndikulimbitsa kwake mothandizidwa ndi ma cobwebs kapena cocoon osasangalatsa a tizilombo. Chifukwa cha "kuluka" chotere, makoma a chisa ndiwoterera komanso otentha. Pamapeto pomanga, tayi yayitali yokhala ndi tchire imakhala ndi timiyala tating'ono ta khungwa ndi nyemba, ndipo mkati mwake timapanga bedi lofewa la nthenga.

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Guerrillas nthawi zambiri amawonedwa m'magulu a mbalame 8-20, ndipo magulu othamanga awa amadzipatsa okha ndi mawu olumikizana. Kulira kokhala ngati mbalame ndi "tsurp" yakuthwa mobwerezabwereza. Mukazimva izi, ndizosavuta kukumbukira, ndipo chizolowezi chomveka ndicho chizindikiro choyamba kuti pali gulu lankhondo pafupi.

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Kudyetsa Matayala Aitali Kwambiri

Mitundu yokhala ndi tayi yayitali imakonda kudya chakudya chamoyo, ngakhale chitha kudya masamba. Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana timakhala mitundu yambiri yomwe mbalame imayang'ana, kuvomereza mwanzeru zilizonse zomwe zingachitike. Monga ma tini ena ambiri, imayimitsidwa mosavuta pansi, ndikuyang'ana pansi pa masamba. Tani yokhala ndi thunzi yayitali imakhala yoyang'ana ngakhale masamba owonda, kuyang'ana tizilombo kapena mphutsi.

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Gawo lalikulu la chakudya cha mbalame ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche zamtambo, mbozi za agulugufe. Zimaphatikizanso nsikidzi zina, mwachitsanzo, zofunda. M'nyengo zosinthira ndi nthawi yozizira, titmouse imadya mbewu, zipatso za mbewu. Chakudya chochuluka kwambiri chomwe mbalame imafunikira pa kudyetsa anapiye. Akuti zipatso zazitali zazitali zimabweretsa chakudya kwa anapiye mpaka 350 patsiku. Munthawi imeneyi, amawononga tizilombo tambiri, tomwe mumakhala tizirombo taulimi.

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Mating nyengo ya asitikali

Mbalame zimayamba kubereka kale kuposa mitundu ina ya zipatso. Ntchito yomanga chisa chovuta kwambiri imayamba kumapeto kwa February. Amayika zisa mumtengo mumitengo kapena m'mitengo yaminga monga hawthorn. Amapanga chisacho kuchokera m'makola, ndi kuluka ndi ma cibobs ndi tsitsi la nyama, ndikuchijambulitsa ndi ma cell kuchokera kunja, ndikuzungulira pansi ndi nthenga.

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Zimatenga mpaka milungu itatu kuti zimange chisa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya kuswana. Zomera zomwe zimayikidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yakuswana ndizokonzekera mazira sabata limodzi. Mbalame za Nanny zomwe zimathandiza kukulitsa ana ang'onoang'ono kuti zizigwirizana ndi akazi oswana. Itha kukhala mbalame za amayi pambuyo pakuyika mazira osakwanira, mwina okhudzana ndi banjali.