Mafinya
Royal chithon ( Python regius )
Gulu la asayansi

• Pythoninae

Mafinya (lat. Pythonidae) - banja la njoka zopanda poizoni. Pakadali pano pali mitundu 9 ya mitundu ndi mitundu 41. Mwanjira yocheperako, ma pythons ndi oyimira amtunduwu Python (ma pythons enieni).

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Kukula kwa ma pythons kumayambira pa 1 mpaka 6- m m (utoto wachiwiri).

Colouring ndiosiyanasiyana: kuchokera kuzowonjezera kapena zochepa zozungulira (matanthwe ofiira kapena a bulauni) mpaka amitundu yambiri - owoneka, amtundu wamtondo (green python) amatha kubiriwira.

M'miyala, zida za m'chiuno ndi kumbuyo zimasungidwa. Zoyang'ana kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo kuchokera kunja zimawonekera bwino ngati mawonekedwe a zigamba kumbali za anus - otchedwa anal spurs. Chochititsa chidwi pakati pa ma pythons ndi mapapu awiri, monga mwa anthu, pomwe njoka zina zambiri zilibe mapapo amanzere, ndipo zolondola zimakulitsidwa ndikukula.

Pali infraorbital fupa ndi mano pa maxillary mafupa omwe sapezeka mu boas. Chizindikiro china chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi python kuchokera ku constorateor wa boa ndi mafupa achizolowezi mu hemipenis ya ma pythons. Kukhalapo kwa mafupawa kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthana ndi hemipenis, chifukwa chomwe chotupa pakati pa miyendo yam'mbuyo imawonedwa nthawi zonse. Amuna amagwiritsa ntchito mafupa awa pachibwenzi, akumawakankha kuti akomane ndi mkazi.

Zojambula za Python ndi malo okhala

Pythons adagwirizana kale ndi mutu wa zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zowona, anaconda amapikisana nawo, koma atayang'ananso ndi phokoso la mamita 12 kutalika mu malo ena osungirako zinyama, kutsogola kwa anaconda kuli kale kukaikira. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kwambiri njoka yayikulu. Ndipo, kukula kwake kwa njoka izi kuyambira 1 mita mpaka 7, 5.

Mtundu wa zokwawa izi ndizosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi khungu lofiirira, ma toni akuda, ndipo pali ena omwe amangodzikongoletsa ndi kuwala kwawo ndi kukongola kwake. Monga lamulo, zonsezi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawanga. Asayansi akunena kuti ma pythoni awiri omwe ali ndi mawanga omwewo ndiosatheka kupeza. Pakhoza kukhala ma python ndi mtundu wa monochrome (green python).

Koyamba, njoka zonse zimakhala "kumaso amodzi", koma zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi momwe zimapezera chakudya, zimasokoneza wozunzayo kapena kupha ndi chiphe. Komabe, izi ndi malingaliro olakwika.

Python, wofanana ndi wachi constitoror, samalola poizoni kulowa m'thupi la wolakwiridwayo, python si njoka yapoizoni ndipo imakonda kusokoneza chakudya chamtsogolo. Komabe, ma python ndi boas ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo.

Phula lili ndi mapapu awiri, ndipo anthu awiri ali ndi mapapu awiri. Koma njoka zina, kuphatikiza ndi constitoror wa boa, zimagula imodzi yokha, yomwe ndi yayitali kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi boas, python imakhalanso ndi mano.

Izi ndizosavuta kufotokozera - a boa amaumiriza nyama yake ndi mphamvu ya minofu, samawopa kuti wozunzidwayo achoka. Python amakolanso nyama yake, koma nthawi zambiri amayenera kusunga nyama yake ndi mano ake.

Njoka izi zikaoneka kuti zimatha kuthamanga, chifukwa zimadalirabe miyendo ndi manja. Tsopano awa ndiopanga yaying'ono (anal spurs). Palinso chinthu china chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi python kuchokera ku const constoror.

Pa chithunzichi, miyendo ya kumbuyo kwa miyendo

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mu hemipenises wa njoka izi pali mafupa ofufuza. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mafupa awa, chimbudzi cha njoka sichitha kujambula chiwalocho mkatikati, koma chimatha kugwiritsa ntchito fupa lotere nthawi yakukhwima - imapukutira mkaziyo nawo.

Ndipo pali gawo lotere la ma pythons omwe palibe chodzikongoletsera chomwe chingadzitame konse - amatha kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi. Kwa nthawi yayitali sakhonza kukhalabe kutentha komwe kumafunikira, ndikumakhala kofanana, koma kukazizira, amawonjezera kutentha kwa thupi ndi madigiri 5-15, omwe amawonekera kwambiri ndikuwathandiza pamavuto.

Ndipo amachita mophweka, amachepetsa minofu ya thupi lonse, yomwe imatsogolera kukuwotha. Nyengo ku Africa, Asia, Australia ndizoyenera kukhala kuthengo chifukwa cha nyama zamtchirezi. Kamodzi iwo, monga ziweto, adatengedwa kupita ku United States, Europe ndi South America.

Python ali ndi mano, mosiyana ndi boa constrateor.

Koma chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti ku Florida, zouluka izi zidatha kuthawira kuthengo, ndipo zidapulumuka. Komanso, mikhalidwe ya Florida idawafanizira, ndipo adayamba kuchulukana bwino.

Panthawiyi, adayamba kuwombera, akuganiza kuti, chifukwa cha njoka zambiri izi, chilengedwe chikuwonongeka. Koma asayansi sagwirizana, komabe kuchuluka kwa izi zapamadzi sizoyipa kwambiri.

Mitundu ya ma pythons

Asayansi ali ndi mitundu 9 ya genera ndi mitundu 41 ya ma pythons. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi nthumwi zamtundu uliwonse zamtunduwu zimatha kupezeka m'mabuku apadera, koma apa tikupereka kuti tidziwe mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya ma pythons:

• thonje lachifumu - imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, kumbali, pamaso wakuda pali mawanga amtundu wagolide kapena t-su. Sikufika pamilingo yayikulu kwambiri, koma mtundu wake ndiwosangalatsa, chifukwa chake amakonda ma pythons otere m'malo ochitira kunyumba,

Mu chithunzi, chimpando chachifumu

• ukonde - Chiweto china. Eni ake saopa konse kuti ziweto zawo zimatha kukula mpaka kukula kwakukulu, mpaka 8 metres. Komanso, mtunduwu ndi wokhawo kumene njoka imatha kudya munthu,

Chithunzi patsamba net

• Chitseko cha hieroglyphic chilinso ndi kukula kwamitundu yayitali. Ndiwambiri kwambiri kuti nthawi zambiri samasungidwa m'nyumba, komabe malo osungira nyama. Mtunduwu umakonda kwambiri chinyezi,

Njoka hieroglyphic python

• python owoneka - amakula mpaka masentimita 130. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Australia.

Python owoneka

• Nyalugwe wam'mimba - ndi mtundu wa njoka zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Chithunzi chojambulira

• kukumba kwa python - malinga ndi asayansi, python siiganiziridwa kuti inali, idawerengedwa ngati constectoror.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Mesh Python

Pizoni yokhazikika inayamba kufotokozedwa koyamba mu 1801 ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Germany I. Gottlob. Mtundu wa dzina la "reticulatus" watanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Latin kuti "mesh" ndipo umanena za dongosolo lovuta. Python adalembera dzina la French Natural Dustden mu 1803.

Kafukufuku wa 2004 wa genetic wa DNA adapeza kuti thonje lofufuma limayandikira pafupi ndi madzi am'madzi osati pa mbawala zam'madzi, monga momwe amaganizira kale. Mu 2008, a Leslie Rawlings ndi anzawo adayang'ananso zaumboni ndipo, kuwaphatikiza ndi ma genetic, adapeza kuti mtundu wamtunduwu ndi gawo la mzere wamadzi am'madzi.

Kanema: Python Yoyambiranso

Kutengera maphunziro a genetic genet, net python yalembedwa mwalamulo kuyambira 2014 pansi pa dzina lasayansi lotchedwa Malaopython reticulans.

Mwa mitundu iyi, mitundu itatu ingatchulidwe:

• malayopython reticulans reticulans, amene ali nominotypic taxon,
• malayopython reticulans saputrai, womwe ndi wobadwa mwa madera a chilumba cha Indonesia ku Sulawesi ndi Selayar,
• Malaopython reticulans jampeanus amapezeka kokha pachilumba cha Jampea.

Kupezeka kwa ma subspecies titha kufotokozeredwa ndi mfundo yoti ma python ojambulidwa bwino amagawidwa m'malo akulu kwambiri ndipo amapezeka kuzilumba zosiyana. Izi njoka zimadzipatula ndipo palibe kusakanikirana kwamtundu ndi ena. Magulu abwinobwino anayi, omwe ali pachilumba cha Sangihe, akufufuzidwa.

Kodi python reticased amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Snake reticulated Python

Python amakonda malo otentha komanso otentha ndipo amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi. Poyamba ankakhala m'malo a mvula ndi madambo. Pamene kuwongolera madera amenewa kumayamba kucheperako komanso kuchepera, ukonde waukonde umayamba kuzolowera nkhalango zachiwiri ndi minda yolima ndikukhala ndi anthu ambiri. Kuchulukanso, njoka zazikulu zimapezeka m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono, komwe zimayenera kupititsidwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma python net amatha kukhala pafupi ndi mitsinje ndipo imapezeka kumadera okhala ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja. Ndiwosambira wabwino kwambiri yemwe amatha kusambira kupita kunyanja, motero njokayo idasanja zilumba zazing'ono zambiri mkati mwake. Amati kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, python net anali mlendo wokhazikika, ngakhale ku Bangkok.

Mitundu yamatumbo amtundu wa paticon imafalikira ku South Asia:

Kuphatikiza apo, zamtunduwu ndizofalikira kuzilumba za Nicobar, komanso: Sumatra, gulu la zilumba za Mentawai, zilumba 272 za Natuna, Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor, Maluku, Sumba, Flores, Bohol, Cebu, Leite, Mindanao, Mindoro, Luzon, Palawan, Panay, Polillo, Samar, Tavi-Tavi.

Phenicon yodziwika bwino imakhala m'malo obiriwira, m'nkhalango, komanso m'nkhalango, pamtunda wa 1200-2500 m. Kutentha kofunikira kuti kubereka ndi kupulumuka kuyenera kukhala pakati pa ≈24ºC ndi ≈34ºC pamaso pa chinyezi.

Kodi ma mesh python amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Yellow Net Python

Monga thonje lonse, iye wakutchire amasaka kuchokera kwa obisalira, kudikirira kuti akufikire patali kuti awombe, asanagwire nyama ndi thupi lake ndikupha modekha. Amadziwika kuti amadya nyama zomwe zimayamwa komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zomwe zimakhala mdera lawo.

Zakudya zake zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo:

Nthawi zambiri amasaka ziweto: nkhumba, mbuzi, agalu ndi nkhuku. Ana a nkhumba ndi ana olemera 10-15 makilogalamu amaphatikizidwa muzakudya zonse. Komabe, pali nkhani yodziwika pamene ma mesh python ameza kuti ndilembe, omwe kulemera kwake kudaposa 60 kg. Imasaka mileme, ndikuigwira ndikuthawa, ikukhazikitsa mchira wake pazinthu zopanda pake zomwe zili phanga. Anthu ang'onoang'ono mpaka atatu mamita kutalika amadyetsa makoswe, monga makoswe, pomwe anthu akuluakulu amasinthira kukulira nyama yayikulu.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Pizoni yokhazikika imatha kumeza nyama kuti izitenga gawo limodzi la kutalika ndi kulemera kwake. Mwa zina zazikulu zolembedwa pali chimbalangondo cha ku Malawi chomwe chili ndi theka yolemera makilogalamu 23, chomwe chinadyedwa ndi njoka 6.95 m kukula kwake ndipo chinatenga pafupifupi milungu khumi kuti chikugaye.

Amakhulupirira kuti ma pythons ojambulidwa amatha kudyera anthu, chifukwa cha zovuta zingapo zomwe zimagwera anthu kuthengo komanso kwa eni nyumba okhala ndi ma pythons. Pafupifupi nkhani imodzi imadziwika pomwe Python reticulatus adalowa mnyumba yamunthu ndikukhala ndi mwana. Pofuna kudziwa nyama, chimbudzi chojambulachi chimagwiritsa ntchito njenjemera (ziwalo zapadera mwa njoka) zomwe zimazindikira kutentha kwa zinyama. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzindikire malo omwe amapangidwira mogwirizana ndi kutentha kwake ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha izi, piramidi lojambulidwa khungu limapeza nyama ndi zilombo popanda kuziwona.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Mesh Python

Ngakhale kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, zochepa zomwe zimadziwika ndimakhalidwe a nyama izi. Misewu yokhala ndi mawonedwe otsogola imagwiritsa ntchito masana ndipo imakhala tsiku lathunthu pamalo otetezeka. Mtunda womwe nyama zimakwirira pamoyo wawo, kapena ngati ali ndi madera okhazikika, sanafufuzidwe bwino. Pizoni wokhazikika ndi wosungulumwa yemwe amalumikizana kokha pakukhwima.

Izi njoka zimakhala m'malo okhala ndi madzi. Pakusunthira, amatha kugwira minofu ndikuwamasula nthawi yomweyo, ndikupanga njira ya njoka. Chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka rectilinear komanso kukula kwa thupi lalikulu la ma python ojambulidwa, mtundu wa kayendedwe ka njoka momwe umakankhira thupi lake kenako ndikufutukuka mosanjira ndikuwonetsetsa pafupipafupi chifukwa amalola anthu okulirapo kuyenda mwachangu. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhotera ndikuwongolera, python imatha kukwera mitengo.

Chosangalatsa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe ofanana ndi thupi, njoka zam'maso zofanana, njoka zonse, zimataya khungu lawo kukonza mabala kapena nthawi yakula. Kuwonongeka khungu, kapena kupindika, ndikofunikira kuti thupi likhala likukula mosalekeza.

Phokoso la ma mesh mwina silimva phokoso ndipo limakhala ndi malire chifukwa cha ma eyida osasunthika. Chifukwa chake, amadalira kununkhira kwake ndikukhudza kuti apeze nyama zodyera komanso kupewa. Njoka ilibe makutu; mmalo mwake, ili ndi chiwalo chapadera chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi kuti mumve kugwedezeka pansi. Chifukwa chakusowa kwa makutu, njoka ndi njoka zina zimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka thupi kuti zimange mawonekedwe omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Big Mesh Python

Nthawi yoswana ya ma python a reticured imatha kuyambira pa Febuluwale mpaka Epulo. Posakhalitsa nyengo yozizira, ma pythons amayamba kukonzekera kubereka chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nyengo yotentha. M'malo ambiri, malo omwe akukhudzidwa amakhudza nthawi yoyambira. Chifukwa chake, ma pythons amaberekana kutengera kusintha kwa nyengo mdera linalake.

Malo osungirako ana amafunika kukhala ndi nyama zambiri kuti mkazi azitha kubereka. Matuzidwe omenyerawo amafunikira magawo omwe sanakhazikike anthu kuti azitha kubereka kwambiri. Kuchita bwino kwa dzira kumadalira mphamvu ya mayi yoteteza ndi kuyambitsa kuziziritsa, komanso chinyezi chambiri. Nthawi zambiri zazimuna zazitali zimakhala zokonzeka kubereka pomwe zazimuna zafika pafupifupi mamilimita awiri m'litali komanso pafupifupi 3.0 mamilimita kutalika kwa akazi. Amakwanitsa kutalika mkati mwa zaka 3-5 kwa akazi onse.

Zochititsa chidwi: Ngati pali zakudya zambiri, zazikazi zimabereka ana chaka chilichonse. M'madera omwe mulibe chakudya chochuluka, kukula kwake komanso pafupipafupi kumacheperachepera (kamodzi pa zaka 2-3). M'chaka chimodzi cha kubereka, mkazi m'modzi amatha kubereka mazira 8-107, koma nthawi zambiri mazira 25-50. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa ana pobadwa ndi 0.15 g.

Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, ma python achikazi amatha kupitilirabe kumazira mazira kuti asangalale. Kudzera kwamisempha, minyewa imawotha mazira, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa makulidwe komanso mwayi wa mbewu kuti ukhale ndi moyo. Pambuyo pobadwa, ma pythons ang'onoang'ono okhathamira sadziwa kusamalidwa ndi makolo ndipo amakakamizidwa kudziteteza ndi kupeza chakudya.

Adani achilengedwe a ma pythons ammbuyo

Chithunzi: Net python mwachilengedwe

Ma temu ojambulidwanso alibe adani achilengedwe chifukwa cha kukula kwawo ndi mphamvu zawo. Mazira a njoka ndi ma pythons oswedwa posachedwa amatsutsidwa ndi zilombo monga mbalame (nkhumba, chiwombankhanga, heron) ndi anyani zazing'ono. Kusaka ma pythons akuluakulu okalamba kumangokhala kwa ming'alu ndi zilombo zina zazikulu. Mapira ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu choukiridwa m'mphepete mwa dziwe momwe mungayang'anire kukuwombani kuchokera ku ng’ona. Chodzitchinjiriza chokha kuchokera kwa olusa, kuwonjezera pa kukula, ndikulumikizana kwamphamvu ndi njoka, komwe kumatha kufinya moyo kuchokera kwa mdani mu mphindi 3-4.

Munthu ndiye mdani wamkulu wa mesh python. Nyama zamtunduwu zimaphedwa ndipo zimapakidwa khungu kuti zipange zinthu zachikopa. Akuti pafupifupi theka la nyama zimaphedwa pachaka chifukwa chaichi. Ku Indonesia, ma pythons ojambulidwanso ntchito amawadyanso. Kusaka nyama kumakhala koyenera chifukwa nzika zimafuna kuteteza ng'ombe ndi ana awo ku njoka.

Njoka zam'madzi ndi imodzi mwa njoka zochepa zomwe zimadyera anthu. Izi sizowopsa konse, koma mtunduwu udabweretsa zowawa zingapo, kuthengo komanso ku ukapolo.

Zimadziwika pazochitika zingapo:

• mu 1932, mwana wachinyamata ku Philippines adadyedwa ndi chithoni choyezera 7.6 Mtsitsi unathawa kunyumba, ndipo atapezeka, adapeza mkati mwa mwana wa mwini wa njokayo.
• mu 1995, phula lalikulu la ukonde linapha mwana wa zaka 29, dzina lake Ee Hyun Chuan, wa kumwera kwa Johor. Njokayo idadzitchinga ndi thupi lopanda moyo ndipo mutu wake udang'ambika nsagwada pomwe m'bale wa womenyedwayo amapunthwa pa iyo.
• mu 2009, mwana wazaka 3 wochokera ku Las Vegas adakulungidwa mkati ndi chimpweya chachitali cha 5.5 m. Amayi adapulumutsa mwanayo pomenya khosi ndi mpeni.
• mchaka cha 2017, thupi la mlimi wazaka 25 wochokera ku Indonesia lidapezeka mkati mwa khonde la mita 7. Njokayo idaphedwa ndipo thupi lidachotsedwa.Imeneyi inali njira yoyamba kutsimikiziridwa mokwanira pamene chithonje chamadya pa anthu. Njira zochotsera thupi zalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi makanema,
• mu Juni 2018, waku Indonesia wazaka 54 adadyedwa ndi phula la 7 mita. Adasowa akugwira ntchito m'munda wake, ndipo tsiku lotsatira gulu lofufuzira lidapeza chithacho pafupi ndi dimba chokhala ndi chotupa paliponse. Kanemayo wokhala ndi njoka yamatumbo adayiyika pamaneti.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Snake reticulated Python

Kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala ndi zotumphukira zachilengedwe ndi kosiyana kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pali njoka zambiri ku Thailand, komwe zimakwela munyumba za anthu nthawi yamvula. Ku Philippines, izi ndizofala, ngakhale m'malo okhala. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ku Philippines kumawoneka kokhazikika komanso ngakhale kukulira. Misewu yokhala ndi mitengo yachilengedwe imakhala yosowa ku Myanmar. Ku Cambodia, anthu nawonso anachepa ndi kuchepa ndi 30-50% pazaka khumi. Oimira amtunduwu ndi osowa kwambiri ku Vietnam kuthengo, koma anthu ambiri adapezeka kumwera kwa dzikolo.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Ma mesh python sakhala pachiwopsezo, komabe, malinga ndi CITES Appendix II, kugulitsa ndi kugulitsa khungu lake kumayendetsedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zipulumuka. Mtunduwu sunalembedwe mu Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN.

Amakhulupirira kuti python imakhala yofala kum'mwera kwa dziko lino, komwe kuli malo abwino, kuphatikizapo malo otetezedwa. Mwinanso kutsika ku Laos. Kuchepetsa kudutsa Indochina kudachitika chifukwa cha kutembenuka pamtunda. Phemicon yodziwika bwino ikadalipobe mitundu yambiri ku Kalimantan. Zophatikiza ku Malaysia ndi Indonesia ndizokhazikika, ngakhale pali nsomba zambiri.

Mesh python idakali yodziwika ku Singapore, ngakhale ikukhala m'mizinda, komwe kuwedza kwamtunduwu ndikoletsedwa. Ku Sarawak ndi Sabah, mtunduwu ndiofala m'malo onse okhala komanso zachilengedwe, ndipo palibe umboni wotsimikiza kuchuluka. Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chodula ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo omwe amakhalapo amatha kulipidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa minda yamafuta ya kanjedza, chifukwa njoka ya njoka imasowa m'malo awa.

Khalidwe la Python ndi moyo

Nthawi zambiri, ngati mukuwoneka chithunzithunzi kuwonetsedwa pamenepo, kukulungidwa kukhala mpira. Izi, monga momwe zimakhalira, zimalepheretsa kuzizira kwa thupi ndikukulitsa mwayi wamanjoka kuti umve ndikuzindikira nyama.

Njoka, ngakhale zazikulu kwambiri, ndizosambira zazikulu, ndipo zimakonda madzi. Koma apa pali ma python akuluakulu kwambiri - brindle, hieroglyphic, reticate, amakonda kukhala pansi kwambiri.

Apa amafufuza ndikugwira nyama, apa amapuma, nthawi zina amakwera mitengo, koma osati yayitali kwambiri. Ndipo palinso mitundu ina yomwe imatsika padziko lapansi, ndipo imakhala moyo wawo wonse pamitengo (green python). Amakhala omasuka panthambi iliyonse, mothandizidwa ndi mchira, amayenda mpaka pansi, ndikupumula, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira wawo pa nthambi.

Ngati chimbudzi ndi chachikulu, ndiye kuti si ambiri angayesererepo, ali ndi adani ochepa. Koma njoka zazing'onoting'ono zimakhala ndi "anzeru zoyipa" zingapo. Ng'ona, abuluzi, ndipo ngakhale mbalame (mbalame za mbalame ndi chiwombankhanga) sizosiyana ndi kulawa nyama ya njoka. Amphaka onse ndi zolengedwa zina zomwe zimadyera sizikukana nyama yotereyi.

Python zakudya

Pithoni ndi nyama zolusa, ndipo amakonda kudya nyama yokha. Amayamba kubisalira ndikudikirira nthawi yayitali kwa wozunzidwayo. Wovutitsayo akafika mtunda wovomerezeka, kuponyera lakuthwa kumatsata, wogwidwayo amagogoda, kenako chimbudzicho chimangirira mbewo, ndikukulinganiza ndikudya zonsezo.

Yaikulu njoka, momwe imafunira kwambiri. Njoka zazikulu kwambiri sizigwira makoswe, akalulu, nkhuku, ziphokoso, abakha. Ndipo zokwawa zikuluzikulu zimagwira kangaroo, anyani, ana a nkhumba, ndipo ngakhale agulu. Pali umboni wa chitha chodya ng'ona.

"Gourmet" wapadera pakati pa njoka izi ndi mutu wamutu wakuda. Zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo abuluzi ndi njoka zokha. Pankhondo, munthu wapoizoni nthawi zina amaluma mlenje, koma njoka za njoka sizikhudza thonje.

Amakhulupilira kuti nyama yothothola imeneyi singameze nyama yomwe imalemera kuposa makilogalamu 40, kotero kuti munthu wamkulu sangakhale chakudya cha njoka. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa anthu sichinthu chovuta kwambiri kumeza.

Ndi nyama, chimbudzi chimatero - chimayamba kumeza chakuwathira pamutu, pakamwa pa njokayo chimatambalala mpaka kukula kwakukulu, kenako thupi la njokayo limasunthira pang'onopang'ono mtembo ngati thumba.

Komanso, panthawiyi njoka ili pangozi kwambiri. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita izi ndi munthu; choyamba mutu umadutsa, kenako mapewa amapita patsogolo, ndipo ndi omwe amaletsa thupi kuti lisunthe mosavuta m'mimba ya njoka. Ndipo, komabe, milandu yokhudza anthu yalembedwa.

Mukatha kudya, chimbudzi chimapuma. Pofuna kugaya chakudya, adzafunika zoposa tsiku limodzi. Nthawi zina chimbudzi chotere chimafika milungu ingapo, kapenanso miyezi. Pakadali pano, chimbudzi sichimadya. Mlandu umadziwika pomwe njoka ija sinadye zaka 1, 5.

Mtengo wamunthu

Nyama ya ma pythons imatha kudyedwa ndipo m'maiko ena amadyedwa ndi anthu wamba. Mitundu yambiri yachikopa imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumsika wa haberdashery kuti apange zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Milandu yokhudzana ndi chizunzo cha python pa anthu imadziwika.

Pithoni nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mu ukapolo: osati kumalo osungirako nyama zokha, komanso kunyumba ndi okonda nyama zanyama. Mitundu ina ya njoka izi ndi nyama zotchuka kwambiri za trearium ndipo zimaswana bwino. Amakhala mu ukapolo mpaka zaka 20-25, nthawi zina zochulukirapo.

Kuswana ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa ma pythons

Mapira amabala ana kamodzi pachaka, zimachitika kuti zinthu sizili bwino, kenako kubereka kumachitika kawirikawiri. Yaikazi, yokonzekera kukhwima, imachoka pambuyo pa mayendedwe, ndi fungo lawo, yamphongo imayipeza.

Chibwenzi chimakhala mu mkangano wamphongo wamwamuna pa mkazi ndi anal spurs. Pambuyo poti "chikondi" chatha, mwamunayo amataya chidwi chonse chachikazi ndi ana ake amtsogolo.

Chithunzi chithunzi masonry

Yaikazi, pakatha miyezi 3-4, imayamba kugona. Chiwerengero cha mazira chimatha kuyambira pa 8 mpaka 110. Pofuna kusungitsa kutentha komwe kumafunikira mu zomangamanga, njokayo imayikidwa pa iwo, imathothoka ndipo simusiya zonena zilizonse.

Sasiya omanga ngakhale kudya, miyezi yonse iwiri njokayo ili ndi njala kwathunthu. Imayendetsa kutentha - ngati kukutentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti mphetezo zimasunthira mbali, ndikupatsa mazira mwayi wofunda, ngati kutentha kumatsika, njokayo imayamba kuyikweza ndi thupi lake, imanjenjemera, thupi limatentha, ndipo kutentha kumatumizidwa kwa makanda amtsogolo.

Ma pythons ang'onoang'ono pakubadwa ndi kutalika kwa 40-50 cm, koma safunikiranso thandizo la amayi, amakhala odziyimira pawokha. Ndipo komabe, achikulire kwathunthu, ndiko kuti, okhwima mwakugonana, adzakhala ndi zaka 4-6 zokha.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa izi njoka kuyambira zaka 18 mpaka 25. Pali umboni wa ma pythons omwe adakhala zaka 31. Komabe, izi zimangogwiritsa ntchito zofanizira zokha zomwe zinali mu malo osungira nyama kapena malo ogulitsa ana. Kuthengo, nthawi ya njoka izi sinakhazikitsidwe.

Python - kufotokozera ndi kufotokoza. Kodi mbulu umawoneka bwanji?

Piyoni amadziwika kuti ndi njoka zazikuru zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimafikira 10 metres. Malinga ndi asayansi ena, phula wotchedwa reticulated (lat. Malayopython reticulatus) ndiye njoka yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kulemera kwa anthu akuluakulu kumatha kupitilira 100 kg. Malinga ndi Guinness Book of Records, wamkulu kwambiri komanso wolemera kwambiri yemwe amakhala ku ukapolo ndi mtundu wankhosa wamdima (lat. Python bivittatus) wotchedwa Baby. Kulemera kwake ndi 182.8 kg. Mpweya wautali kwambiri wotchulidwa mu Guinness Book of Records ndi Samarm's net python (lat. Python reticulatus) woyezera 7.9 metres.

Malinga ndi chidziwitso kuchokera patsamba: www.nationalgeographic.com, kutalika kwa anaconda wamba (lat. Eunectes murinus) kumatha kufika mita 9.1 ndi kulemera kwama kilogalamu 249. Anaconda amadziwika kuti ndi njoka yolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma ali m'malo achiwiri pambuyo pa ma pythons kukula kwake. Zowona, akatswiri asayansi ya Soviet (Akimushkin I, Zenkevich L.A. ndi ena) angatsutse pamfundoyi, pozindikira kuti anaconda wautali kwambiri wogwidwa adafika pa 11.43 metres.

Yemwe ali wocheperako pa banja la python ndi python yaying'ono ku Australia (lat. Antaresia perthensis, syn. Bothrochilus perthensis), yomwe imakula mpaka 30-50 cm. Chinyama chamadzimadzi wachikulire chimalemera magalamu 200 okha. Njoka zatsopano za mtunduwu zimatalika masentimita 17 ndipo zimakhala ndi 4 g.

Oimira banja alibe mafupa akulu, motero thupi lodzitchinjiriza limakhala ndi minofu yambiri. Mphamvu zawo zimakhala zakuti ma thonje akuluakulu amasweka mafupa mosavuta, mwachitsanzo, ng'ona kapena kambuku.

Thupi la njokayo limakanikizidwa pang'ono kuchokera kumbali, pomwe mutu wa chimbudzi umasungunuka bwino. Ana a ma pythons ndi ofukula.

Pali mano m'mafupa owonjezera. Fupa la palatine pamtundu wina ndioterera (mwachitsanzo, m'miyala yamutu wakuda), mwa ena - ndi mano, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumafika mazana. Mano a ma pythons amawongoleredwa cham'mbuyo, patsaya kumtunda pali mizere inayi ya mano, m'munsi - mizere iwiri. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda touluka m'mabanja palibe.

Mapira amatha kumva fungo labwino. Pamalo okumbika komanso am'munsi mwa mitundu yambiri, pali maenje a 2-4 omwe ali patsogolo pa muzzle. Uwu ndi mtundu wa radar. Ndi chithandizo chawo, ma pythons amalanda ma radiation oyipa a nyama yamagazi ofunda ndipo amatha kusaka pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo izi zokha.

Ma python akuda alibe radara.

Oimira banja apanga mapapo onse awiri, omwe ndi osalingana. Mbali zonse ziwiri za buluziyo pali ziboda zazing'ono za keratinized zomwe zimatuluka pang'ono pamakala - izi ndiye zoyambira zamafupa a m'chiuno, zotchedwa miyendo yabodza. Amuna, amakula kwambiri kuposa akazi. Ndi kukula kwawo, mutha kudziwa mtundu wa njokayo.

Mtundu wabanja ndi wokongola komanso wosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu ya mitundu yambiri kapena yocheperako, mwachitsanzo, ngale ya maolivi. Koma, kwenikweni, khungu la ma pythons limakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima, mawanga, madontho, kapena mawonekedwe apamwamba. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi mayina amtunduwu: carape, hieroglyphic, tiger, mesh. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: ofiira, obiriwira, oyera, achikasu, faso, wakuda, bulauni, kirimu, olive, lalanje ndi ena. Pali khungu lokhala ndi utawaleza, mwachitsanzo, mu python yowoneka bwino.

Pakati pa ma pythons pali maalubino okhala ndi khungu lowala kapena loyera, maso ofiira komanso lilime la pinki. Ndizovuta kuti nyama zamtunduwu ndizoyambira zachilengedwe: sizikhala zobisika, zimatha kuwoneka kutali, ndipo zimasanduka zosavuta kukhala zidyera.

Ma Albinos nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo osungira nyama komanso malo okhala.

Royal python albino. Chithunzi chojambula: WingedWolfPsion, CC BY-SA 3.0

Ali mu ukapolo, chifukwa cha ntchito yayitali ya kuswana, kusintha kwakuthupi kwamitundu ya khungu la thonje kunapezeka, zomwe zinali zotsatira za masinthidwe amtundu. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba yamfumu yachifumu ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma morphs.

Mtundu wa njoka zokulirapo msinga, pali zoyera, zachikaso, imvi, zofiirira, zakuda, zofiirira, ndipo mawanga ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Ma morph ena alibe mawanga konse: m'malo mwake, mikwingwirima imakhalapo pakhungu la python.

Royal python morphs: 1. Kuchepetsa Mtundu wa Banana Clown, 2. Spider Clown, 3. White Ukwati, 4. Banana. Kutengedwa kuchokera ku: www.morphmarket.com

Brindle

Njoka yayikuluyi, monga mitundu yam'mbuyomu, ndiyoyimira oyimira kwambiri ma pythons enieni. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumasiyana pakati pa 1.5-8 m, ndi kulemera kwa kilogalamu 52 (zazikazi mwamwambo ndizazikulu kuposa zazimuna). Masiku ano pali magulu atatu a nyama zotere: zakuda, zopepuka ndi Ceylon, ndipo mtundu woyamba wa tiger pythons umawerengedwa kuti ndi waukulu kwambiri.

Zikuwoneka bwanji. Mtundu wa anthu osiyanasiyana umasiyana kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikasu kapena maolivi achikasu, pamwamba pake pomwe pamaunikidwa mabala akulu amtundu wakuda. Kuchokera kudera la mphuno mpaka khosi kumakhala mzere wakuda, womwe mmunsi mwake umasandulika mawanga. Mzere wachiwiri umachokera kufupi ndi malo amaso ndipo umaonekera bwino pamalowo. Pamwamba pa mutu wa njokayo pali mawonekedwe amdima ofanana ndi muvi.

Komwe kumakhala. Mutha kukumana ndi njoka iyi kumwera kwa Asia (kumwera kwa China, Indochina, Malaysia, ku Sri Lanka, Nepal ndi India), komwe imapezeka kwambiri m'malo otentha a nkhalango zotentha, pafupi ndi zithaphwi, zitsamba zobiriwira ndi madera oyenda. Zimbudzi za nyama zina, mabowo opanda mitengo ndi mabedi amtunda zimakhala pogona pa chimbudzi. Nthawi zina imakhala m'malo ammapiri, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wamtunda pafupifupi mamilimita awiri.

Zomwe zimadya. Nthenga zazimuna zimakonda kusaka nyama zing'onozing'ono:

• osakhulupirira (anthanthi),
• nyani
• makoswe
• mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame.

Chinyama cholusa chimayang'anitsitsa kamunthu ka chiwembucho ndikuchigwedeza, pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndikudziwunjikana ndi thupi lonse. Kuluma kwa chimbudzi kulibe poizoni, koma mano sangayipitse poyerekeza ndi poizoni wofooka (mwachitsanzo, ngati nyamayo iluma nyamakazi).

Kodi python ndiyowopsa kwa anthu?

Mphekesera zomwe zilipo za kuukira kwa ma pythons ndizokokomeza, ngakhale milandu ingapo imadziwika pomwe mwana wazaka 14 ndi mkazi wamkulu adazunzidwa ndi ma pythons. Phemicon yokhazikika imatha kuonedwa ngati yowopsa, popeza milandu yokhudza anthu ikukhudzana ndi njokayi. Koma ngakhale python iyi imatha kukhala yowopsa kwa mwana kapena wachichepere kuposa wamkulu, popeza kulemera kwakukulu kwa zomwe amadyayo sikupitirira 15 kg. Kwenikweni, njoka zikuluzikuluzi zimakonda kupewa anthu ndipo zimangokhutira ndi kugwidwa ndi ziweto.

Amethyst python adalowa mchinyumba. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi John Hill, CC BY-SA 3.0

Milomo yoyera

Oimira mitundu yamtunduwu amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi okongola kwambiri. Monga zina zonse, sizili ndi poizoni ndipo m'litali zimangofika pafupifupi ma mita awiri (nthawi zina zimapezeka anthu atatu). Zikuwoneka bwanji. Kansalu kokhala ndi milomo yoyera mumagwira ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena wowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi utoto wokongola kwambiri. Mbali za njokayo ndi zofiirira, ndipo m'mimba mumakhala zonona. Mutu wakuda ndi wofanana ndi thupi, ndipo "milomo" yopingasa yakuda ndi yoyera ikuwonekera bwino.

Komwe kumakhala. Mutha kukumana ndi nyama kuzilumba za Indonesia ndi New Guinean kuchokera kumadera akumadzulo ndi chilumba chaching'ono cha Salavati kupita kuzilumba zomwe zili Torres Strait. Mukamasankha nyumba, mumakonda nkhalango zamvula.

Zomwe zimadya. Nyama ndi chakudya chachikulu kwambiri chokhala ndi chizimba chokhala ndi milomo yoyera, ngakhale chinapezekanso pakugwira mbalame.

Kodi ma pythons amakhala kuti?

Mapira amakhala makamaka ku Eastern Hemisphere. Izi ndizofala:

• ku Africa: kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa
• ku Asia kumwera komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa dziko lalikulu (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Brunei, Bangladesh, kumwera kwa China) ndi mayiko a zilumba (Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Papua -New Guinea, East Timor),
• ku Australia,
• Mitundu ina ya ma pythons idabweretsedwa ku United States: mwachitsanzo, m'ma 80s, ma pythons amdima amdima (lat. Python bivittatus) adayamba kuwoneka ku Everglades National Park ku South Florida. Mu 2000s, zidadziwika kuti njoka zimatha kubereka bwino ndikuwonjezera chiwerengero chawo mdera lino.

Malo okhala ma pythons amapezeka pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Njoka zimapezeka ponse pa mapiri (mpaka 2000 m pamtunda wa nyanja), ndipo pamapiri, zimamva bwino m'nkhalango zotentha komanso m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino. Mitundu ina imakhala pafupifupi pamitengo, ndipo ina makamaka imakwira pansi.

Kodi mapiramidi amadya chiyani?

Pithoni amadya zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana: unulates (antelopes, muntzhaks, etc.), makoswe (mbewa, makoswe), mileme, akalulu, nyani (macaques, langurs, etc.), ankhandwe, nyalugwe, kudya ziweto (mbuzi, nkhumba, nkhosa) ndi agalu. Njoka zimagwiranso mbalame (nkhunda, nkhanu, abakha), kuphatikizapo zapakhomo (nkhuku, nkhuku).Zakudya zamtunduwu zimaphatikizaponso zokwawa (abuluzi, ng'ona, njoka zina, kuphatikiza ma pythons) ndi amphibians (mavu, achule). Mitundu yomwe imakhala ku Australia imadya nyama zodyeramo.

Khosalo limangirira omwe akumazunza, kenako nkumeza lonse. Chifukwa chakukula kwa kamwa komanso kutsekeka kwa thupi, ma python amatha kumeza nyama, yomwe ndi kuchulukana kwa thupi lawo katatu. Koma ngakhale luso lotereli lili ndi malire. Nyama zikuluzikulu zomwe zimatha kumizidwa ndi njoka yayitali mamita khumi ndi kukula kwa nkhumba kapena nguluwe, koma osati ng'ombe kapena kavalo.

Kulemera kwa chakudya cholowetsedwa ndi njoka pachaka sikuposa chake. Pakatha “nkhomaliro” iliyonse phala limakhala kwa nthawi yayitali: kwa masabata kapena miyezi. Ku malo osungira nyama, zimphona izi nthawi zina zinkakhala ndi njala mpaka zaka ziwiri.

Mapira ndi usiku. Madzulo, njoka izi zimawona bwino kuposa masana. Akusaka kuzizira kwausiku, amadzimva mwamphamvu ma radiation yamafuta ochokera ku nyama. Nthawi zambiri, chimbudzi chimawombera munthu amene wamugwirayo, pomuponya mwamphamvu ndikutulutsa gawo limodzi lachitatu la thupi. Kenako njokayo imakola nyama yosamuthandizira, ndikuidzaza ndi kutembenuka kwa 2-3 ndikuwonjezera mano. Ngati kuponya sikuchita bwino, chimbudzi chimadikirira munthu wina yemwe wavulala naye: njokayo imakwawa pang'onopang'ono, choncho nyama imatha kuthawa. Ngati khwangwala wadya, samvera chidwi ndi zolengedwa zapafupi. Koma ngati ali ndi njala, magazi ake amasintha, omwe amakhudza mitsempha ndipo amayambitsa matenda. Poukira, thonje limamenya wozunzayo, kudziteteza, iye amangoluma. Ana ang'onoang'ono ambiri amatenga mitengo mosavuta, ikudya nyama pakati pa nthambi kapena kuithamangira. Zimakhala zovuta kwa akuluakulu ndi anthu akuluakulu kukwera mumtengo, motero amasaka pansi.

Mapira amakonda madzi ndipo amatha kukhalamo kwa nthawi yayitali. Anthu ena amadutsa mitsinje ngakhalenso zovuta zam'nyanja. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Paul Asman ndi Jill Lenoble, CC BY-SA 3.0

Kuswana kwa Python

Mapira amaikira mazira okutidwa ndi chipolopolo chofewa. Pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, wamkazi amayamba kudya mpaka ana akhazikika. Mosiyana ndi njoka zambiri zomwe zikugona mazira, zomwe sizimawasamalira mazira omwe anaikira, ma pythons amazilimbitsa. Wamkazi amakulunga mazira mumphete za mphete zitatu kapena zinayi, ndikupanga chulu pamwamba pake pamutu pake. Chiwerengero cha mazira chimatha kusiyanasiyana mpaka zidutswa 8 mpaka 100 kapena kuposerapo. Kuti muzitha kumasuka, mafinya azimayi ndi minyewa. Zotsatira zake, kutentha kwake kwa thupi kumakwera ndi 12-15 ° С poyerekeza ndi chilengedwe. Izi zimapereka chitukuko cha mluza mwachangu. Makulitsidwe amakhala mpaka miyezi itatu. Pakadali pano, chimbudzi chachikazi sichimapita kulikonse ndipo sichikudya chilichonse. Mwa njira, kutentha kwa mkazi yemwe akuchita kutentha ndi madigiri 6-7 kuposa kutentha kwamphongo. Pakatha miyezi itatu, ma pythons ang'onoang'ono kuyambira 17 mpaka 70 cm kutalika kwa mazira, kutengera mitundu.

Molting phokoso

Monga njoka zonse, ma pythons molt. Kutalika kwa kusintha kwa khungu kumadalira zinthu zambiri: thanzi la njoka, zambiri, moyo. Achichepere amalira nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi sabata lililonse la 2-4. Ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa maulalo kumatsikira kamodzi pakapita miyezi ingapo. Pakapukutika, khungu la python limatuluka kunja kwa mutu, kenako, ndikulunjika, limachotsedwa m'thupi lonse.
Chizindikiro cha kuyandikira molt ndimtambo wa khungu, kenako ndi maso. Munthawi imeneyi, chimbudzi samadya kalikonse ndipo amakhala osakhazikika, osangalala mosavuta. Dyetsani ndikumukwiyitsa panthawiyi sikuyenera.

Adani a ma pythons m'chilengedwe

Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu, ma pythons ali ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe. Achichepere ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala osautsidwa ndi mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa ndi zinyama. Nthawi zina njoka zimatha kugwidwa ndi nyama, zomwe ndi chakudya chawo chokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la nkhandwe limatha kuzungulira ndikuvulala ndi khola lalikulu la hieroglyphic. Mdani wamkulu wa ma pythons ndi munthu. M'malo ambiri, anthu amawadya kapena amagwiritsa ntchito khungu lawo kupanga nsapato, zovala ndi zinthu zina.

Wogulitsa agwira njovu yakuda. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Lori Oberhofer, Pagulu la anthu

Piyoni ndi njoka zopanda poizoni, zokongola komanso, monga lamulo, njoka zodekha komanso zamtendere. M'mbuyomu, ankangosungidwa m'malo osungira nyama zokha. Tsopano okonda ena amasunga ma pythons kunyumba, ndikupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto akunyumba. Izi zitha kukhala zotchuka kwambiri za tiger, ndi zazikulu, ndi mitundu ina.

Terrarium

Njoka zazikulu zimafunikira malo akulu. Makulidwe azinyumba amasankhidwa kutengera mtundu wa omwe adzakhale mtsogolo mwa nyumbayi. Mzere wa terarium uyenera kukhala wosachepera 2 kutalika kwa njoka. Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti chitha, makamaka chachikulu, ndi njoka yamphamvu yomwe imatha kubaya kapena kufinya galasi kapena pulasitiki yamilimita zingapo pakuponya. Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe a terrarium ndi makulidwe a makoma ake ayenera kusankhidwa mosamala. Kuchokera pamwamba iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivundikiro ndi mabowo olowera mpweya. Monga zinyalala pansi pa terariamu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito matawulo a mapepala, manyuzipepala, gawo lochita kupanga, koma osati utuchi wamatabwa. Mapira okonda kukwera mitengo, chifukwa chake payenera kukhala nthambi kapena nkhuni m'nyumba mwawo, koma kuti zisavulazike.

Kutentha ndi chinyezi

Kumwera kutentha- ndi ma hygrophilous ma python amafunikira malo okhala. Kutentha komwe kumapita mu terarium kuyenera kusungidwa m'dera la 25-27 ° C, komanso kutentha kwa 30 ° C kapena kupitilira apo. Gwero la kutentha limazimitsidwa usiku. Simungathe kuzimitsa, koma njokayo imayenera kukhala ndi malo pomwe ingazizire. M'nyumba ya njoka, mosalephera, mbale zomwera ndi maiwe a mini okhala ndi madzi abwino, ofunikira kumwa, kusamba ndi kukonza chinyezi m'chigawo cha 90%, aikiratu.

Kudyetsa Python Yanyumba

Ma pythons apakhomo amadyetsedwa pamene akukula, choyamba ndi mbewa, hamsters, makoswe, kenako nkhuku, akalulu. Popewa kuvulaza zirombo, ndi bwino kusadyetsa nyama yamoyo. Nyama zazing'ono zimapatsidwa chakudya pafupifupi nthawi imodzi m'masiku a 5-7, kwa akuluakulu - kamodzi masiku 10-14.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa phula ndi wachi wothandizira?

Kusiyana koyamba ndikuti ma pythons ndi njoka zakuikira mazira. Nyama, nthawi zambiri, ndi viviparous, ndi mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe imayikira mazira.

Ma Boas amapezeka makamaka ku Western Hemisphere (Kumpoto ndi South America), ngakhale kuli ena omwe amakhala ku East (Africa, Asia ndi Madagascar). Mapira ndi anthu okhala ku Eastern Hemisphere, kupatula njoka zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ku United States.

Mu ma pythons, fupa la infraorbital limatulutsa. Maso a boas satetezedwa ndi mafupa.

M'miyala, mosiyana ndi boas, hemipenis imawoneka pakati pamiyendo yabodza yokhazikika. Mafupa sangathe kuchichotsa, chifukwa mafupa achisamba amasungidwa mmenemo.

Alonda apansi pansi pa boasi, mosiyana ndi ma pythons, amakhala mumzere umodzi, osati awiri. Koma pali zingapo kusiyapo.

Kumanzere kuli boya yachifumu, kumanja kuli buluzi wakuda wa njuchi. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Victoria Achkasova, CC BY-SA 4.0

Wobiriwira kapena wamtchire

Ngati muli ndi lingaliro la chomwe chithoni ndimakhwala, ndiye kuti mitundu yazipatsozo sizidzadabwitsa. Njoka yobiriwira iyi ndi ya banja la pseudopod ndipo imakula mpaka 200 cm, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amawapangitsa kukhala oyimira pakati pa genus. Zikuwoneka bwanji. Phala la mtengo ndi njoka yobiriwira yowala ndi mchira wautali ndi mutu wotambalala, mawanga oyera nthawi zambiri amadziwika pamsana. Mtundu wa achichepere amatha kukhala wachikasu kapena ofiira, koma pofika zaka ziwiri asintha kukhala wobiriwira ndikukhalabe chomwecho. Wofanana kwambiri ndi mtengo wobiriwira wa nthumba.

Komwe kumakhala. Malo omwe amakhala ndi nkhalango zotentha kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi chinyontho kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ku New Guinea komanso ku Peninsula ya Cape York ku Australia.

Zomwe zimadya. Phula la mtengowo limasakidwa makamaka ndi mbalame ndi nyama zazing'ono zazikazi. Achichepere amakonda achule ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito nsonga yawo yowala kuti awagwire.

Hieroglyphic kapena mwala

Woyimira wina wamtundu wa ma pythons enieni. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri, popeza kutalika kwa thupi lake imafikira 5-7 m kutalika, ndi kulemera kwa 55-100 kg. Zikuwoneka bwanji.Chowoneka mosiyana ndi miyala yamtunduwu ndizogwirizana, koma nthawi yomweyo thupi lalikulu, lomwe limasiyanitsa bwino ndikuyang'ana komwe kuli anthu omwe ali ndi mauna odziwika bwino. Pamutu pali kagawo kakang'ono kamdima ka mawonekedwe osakanizira, kamtambo kamdima kadutsa.

Kapangidwe kakumaso ka bulauni ka thupi kamafanana ndi mikwingwirima ya zigzag, yomwe imalumikizidwa kumbuyo ndi ma jumpers, ndipo mbali zonse zimasanduka mawanga amdima (inali njirayi yomwe idakhala maziko a dzina la nyamayo). Dzuwa, mbali yakumapeto kwa thonje imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwala kwofiirira.

Komwe kumakhala. Oimira mitunduyi amapezeka pafupi ndi kumwera kwa Sahara komanso kwa 6,600 km, mpaka ku Horn of Africa. Amakhala makamaka munkhalango za savannah, zam'malo otentha komanso otentha.

Zomwe zimadya. Zakudya za hieroglyphic python zimayendetsedwa ndi makoswe, mbalame ndi ma vertebrates akuluakulu, makamaka:

• nsanje
• warthogs
• Ng'ona za ku Nile, mpaka mita 1.5.

Pakusowa chakudya choyenera, njoka imatha kufa ndi njala pang'ono, koma imayambitsa ziweto.

Chiburmese (mbalame yamnyama yakuda)

Mbawala zamtundu wakuda ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino wamtundu wa akambuku. Ngakhale sitha kutchedwa yayikulu (kuthengo, kutalika kwake sikokwanira kupitirira 4-5 m), malo ambiri osungira nyama monga njuchi zosangalatsa. Zikuwoneka bwanji. Mwambiri, mitundu ya Burmese ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi tiger yowala ndi Ceylon, ndipo mawonekedwe otsatirawa ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku njoka izi:

• kusowa kwa malo opepuka pakati pa malo owoneka akuda m'mbali za thupi,
• malo owoneka bwino pamutu (mawonekedwe a nthiti),
• Mtundu wakuda kwambiri, wokhala ndi maonekedwe a bulauni, wa bulauni komanso wamtundu wakuda.

Zingwe zopepuka pamtunda wa nyama ya ku Burma nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zolemba zakuda.

Komwe kumakhala. Mwa chilengedwe, Burmese python imapezeka m'malo a India, Vietnamese ndi China, komanso ku Nepal, Cambodia ndi Thailand, pachilumba cha Java, Sulawesi ndi zilumba zina zazing'ono zaku Indonesia. Madera abwino kwambiri kwa iwo ndi nkhalango zonyowa, makamaka ndi malo otseguka pafupi ndi dambo komanso dziwe. Burmese python ndimasambira abwino omwe amatha kukhala pansi pa madzi kwa mphindi zoposa 30.

Zomwe zimadya. Monga abale awo onse, anyani amtundu wamtchire ndi osaka bwino omwe amadya mbalame zazing'ono ndi zapafupipafupi, pakati pomwe omwe amazunzidwa nthawi zambiri:

• mafinya
• nyani,
• civet,
• ankhandwe
• njiwa ndi ana amadzi am'madzi,
• Ziweto.

Popita kusaka, njokayo imasamala nyama yake mothandizidwa ndi openda opaka mafuta ndikuwakankhira kwa wobisalira, koyamba kuluma kaye kenako ndikuimenya ndi manja.

Mpira wachifumu, wopindika kapena wa python

Woimira mtundu wocheperako, popeza kutalika kwake sikupita mamita 1.5 Mwina, chifukwa cha izi, njokayo imasungidwa nthawi zambiri ngati chiweto. Zikuwoneka bwanji. Ngakhale mulibe mtundu wocheperako, mawonekedwe a chitha chotchedwa spherical python ndiwowoneka bwino, ndipo amawoneka mosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe. Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala chilichonse: kuchokera ku bulawuni wowala, maolivi kapena bulauni, mpaka zowoneka bwino, makamaka m'malo omwe njira yayikulu imagawidwira. Dera lam'mimba ndi loyera kapena kirimu, nthawi zina pamakhala timayala ting'onoting'ono takuda.

Komwe kumakhala. Ma pythons achifumu amagwidwa makamaka m'malo omwe amakhala kwambiri: kumadzulo ndi pakati kumayiko aku Africa (makamaka ku Senegal, Mali, Sudan, Guinea, Nigeria, Ghana). Mukamasankha malo okhalamo, mpira wa ma python umasankhira malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowerengera, komwe zimakhala pobisala masana (mitengo yopanda masamba kapena masamba agwa), ndikuwuluka kupita kokasaka ndi usiku. Amasambira bwino ndikunyira m'madzi popanda mavuto.

Zomwe zimadya. Amadya chilichonse chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya njoka, koma nthawi yomweyo amasankha chakudya chaching'ono:

• makoswe,
• mbewa zingwe
• nsapato
• nthawi zina mbalame zazing'ono.

Blackhead

Woyimira wina wa ma pythons ang'onoang'ono, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 2,5 mamita. Mosiyana ndi zomwe zidachitika kale, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzi owoneka bwino - mutu wakuda ndi khosi, zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi chikasu chamthupi. Zikuwoneka bwanji. Kuchokera patali, zitha kuwoneka kuti njokayo idadetsa mutu wake mu china chake chakuda, koma kwenikweni ndi mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe, omwe adadziwika nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, alibe maenje a radar a chithokomiro, koma mwanjira ina ndi mtundu wamba wamtunduwu, wokhala ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda kapena mchenga, pamwamba pomwe pamakhala mikwingwirima yakuda (kumbali zachikasu kwambiri). Pali mitundu iwiri yomwe ingakhalepo yamtambo wamutu wakuda: pinki-bulauni kapena ofiira komanso achikasu ndi otuwa, koma mitundu yonse iwiriyi imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, yopindika pang'ono pakati kumbuyo kumbuyo komanso yopyapyala m'mbali.

Komwe kumakhala. Pazimutu wokhala ndi mutu wakuda ndi wokhala ku Australia: kuchokera ku Queensland kum'mawa mpaka Cape Leveck kumadzulo. Imakhala makamaka m'nkhalango ndi m'matanthwe. Amapita kukasaka usiku.

Zomwe zimadya.Poganizira kukula kocheperako, sizodabwitsa kuti nyama zazing'ono, mbalame komanso abale ake a njoka, omwe nthawi zina amakhala ndi poizoni, amakhala chakudya chake. Kaya amawaukira kapena ayi zimatengera mphamvu ya njala, koma ngati kulibenso chakudya china choyenera, ndiye kuti kulephera kuchita zachangu ndizotheka. Phala lamutu wakuda silitha kulumwa ndi abale akapoizoni.

Amethyst

Mtunduwu wa ma pythons amadziwika kuti ndi waukulu kwambiri ku Australia ndipo amatetezedwa ndi malamulo. Kutalika kwa munthu aliyense payekha kumafika mamitala 6-8, ngakhale njoka zazing'ono zimakonda kupezeka - 2-5 metres. Kulemera kwa nyama ndi 30 kg. Zikuwoneka bwanji. Mtundu wa amethistet python ndi wachikasu- maolivi kapena maolivi, koma amaoneka akusefukira. Mizere yofiirira kapena yakuda imadutsa thupi lonse, lomwe, pamodzi ndi malo owala, amapanga mawonekedwe amaso kumbuyo kwa thupi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa izi ndi abale odziwika bwino ndikubwera kwa scumetrical sc scy yomwe ili pamwamba pamutu.

Komwe kumakhala. Malo okhala zachilengedwe ndi Australia. Nthawi zambiri, nyamayo imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Queensland, kumayiko akum'mawa kwa Cape York Peninsula, kuzilumba za New Guinea, Torres, Philippines ndi zina zoyandikana nazo. Njokayo imakhala makamaka m'nkhalango komanso m'nkhwawa zowirira, komwe imakonda kubisala pamitengo kapena m'miyala, ikudikirira chakudya chake pamenepo.

Zomwe zimadya. Zomwe zakudya zomwe zimadyera ndi izi:

Nthiwe zazikulupo zimatha kulimbana ndi agogo komanso ana a kangaroo, ngakhale sizimadana ndi ziweto komanso mbalame zosungidwa m'mabwalo achinsinsi.

Khwangwala kapena Angolan

Zili ndi mtundu wotchuka wa ma pythons enieni, koma amasiyana ndi ena oimira ena pamlingo woyenera: wamkulu amafika pafupifupi 1.8 m. Zikuwoneka bwanji. Dwarf python ndi njoka wamba kwambiri, yomwe poyang'ana koyamba, siyosiyana kwambiri ndi enawo. Mtundu wakuthupi ndi wodera, ngakhale kuti anthu opepuka kapena amdima kwenikweni amapezeka, pakhungu lomwe mawonekedwe ake samawoneka bwino. Pafupifupi m'mimba ya aliyense ndi chikasu.

Komwe kumakhala. Zimachitika ku Australia konse, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi zitsamba zowirira. Imatha kubisala m'miyala.

Zomwe zimadya. Chakudya chachikulu cha chimbudzi ndi mbalame zazing'ono ndi zolengedwa.

Sumatran Mwachidule

Woimira wowala kwambiri wamtundu, wofika kutalika kwa 1.5-2.6 m (pafupifupi kulemera - 20 kg). Zikuwoneka bwanji. Ili ndi thupi lozama komanso lalikulu komanso lalitali.Utoto wamutu ukhoza kukhala wofiira kwambiri kapena wachikasu, wokhala ndi mizere ya lalanje kapena yachikasu kapena kulowerera. Palinso anthu omwe ali ndi mutu wakuda ndi mawanga m'mbali. Mtundu wa khungu ndi imvi, fawn kapena bulauni, ngakhale mutha kupeza phula wofiyira wa Sumatran, yemwe adamutcha "wamagazi". Mtundu womwe uli pamwambowu umaimiridwa ndi kusintha kwa mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yakuda ndi mawanga osawoneka bwino.

Komwe kumakhala. M'malo azachilengedwe omwe amapezeka ku Thailand, madera akumadzulo a Malaysia ndi Indonesia, ku Sumatra, Belitung.

Zomwe zimadya. Agulu ang'onoang'ono komanso mbalame zazing'ono.

Zoyambira

Woimira yekha wa bothrochilus, banja la python. Akuluakulu amakula mpaka 1.52-1.83 m kutalika, ngakhale ambiri aiwo akadali ang'ono. Zikuwoneka bwanji. Mutu umakhala wocheperako, koma wogwirizana ndi thupi la cylindrical. Utoto - wodera wakuda, wophatikizidwa ndi mizere yakuda kapena yoyera yakuda. Mtundu wa achinyamata umakhala wowala pang'ono kuposa wa ma chitha akuluakulu: mizere yomwe idapangidwa mthupi lonse imakulungidwa kukhala mphete zakuda za lalanje ndi zakuda, ndi utawaleza wa utawaleza. Mtunduwu umasintha patatha pafupifupi chaka, njoka ikafika kutha.

Komwe kumakhala. Itha kusungidwa kunyumba, koma kuthengo imapezeka m'nkhalango komanso malo ena olimidwa ku New Guinea, zisumbu za Bismarck ndi chilumba cha Tokelau.

Zomwe zimadya. Imasaka nyama zonse, zomwe zimafanana ndi kukula kwa njokayo. Kukula kwachichepere kumakonda mbewa zazing'ono ndi abuluzi ang'ono.

Ceylon Tiger

Ma subspecies ang'ono kwambiri a tiger pythons (kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 2.5-4 m), koma ndichifukwa cha izi amawasankha kuti azisunga m'nyumba. Zikuwoneka bwanji. Kunja, njoka iyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi nyalugwe wopepuka, kupatula kuti mutu wake uli ndi mtundu wofiirira ndipo utoto wake umakhala wowala kuposa oyimira mitundu ina. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi osiyana siyana, kupatula kuti zazikazi zimakhala ndi mchira wofupikitsa, popanda kukula m'munsi mwake.

Komwe kumakhala. Akutanthauza za nyama zaku Sri Lanka. Ena amaliona ngati kachulukidwe kakang'ono chabe ka mtundu wa thonje.

Zomwe zimadya. Imadyera pafupifupi nyama zonse zomwezo ngati abale ake ena ang'ono, kukonda makoswe ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Phula laling'ono limatha kudya abuluzi ndi tizilombo, makamaka ngati mano ake sanapangidwebe mokwanira.

Chimbalangondo cha India kapena chopepuka

Anthu akuluakulu a subspecies awa a tiger python ndi okulirapo pang'ono poyerekeza ndi am'mbuyomu ndipo amakula mpaka 5-6 metres. Zikuwoneka bwanji. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamitunduyi ndi:

• kupezeka kwa malo owala pakatikati pa mawanga omwe amwazika thupi lonse (makamaka m'mbali),
• utoto wofiirira kapena wapinki wamiyendo yam'mutu pamutu,
• malo ooneka ngati miyala ya dayamondi pamaso pa mutu,
• kamvekedwe koyambira ka thupi, mitundu yotchuka yomwe ndi ya bulauni, yofiirira, yofiirira komanso yofiirira.

Komwe kumakhala. Phokoso la tiger lopepuka limatha kupezeka ku India ndi Pakistan, komanso ku Nepal, Bhutan ndi Bangladesh.

Zomwe zimadya. Monga njoka zina za banja lino, zimadya nyama zazing'ono zazikazi ndi mbalame, koma zawonedwa zikuwononga ziweto.

Ndani ali python, anaconda kapena boa constrictor

Mosakayikira, python, ndi bo constitoror, ndi anaconda ndi nyama zazikulu, koma ofufuza ambiri, ngakhale anthu wamba, ali ndi chidwi kuti ndi ndani yemwe ali winanso. Makulidwe wamba a ma pythons ndi ma 7-8 metres, boas - mpaka 6 metres, ndipo munthu wamkulu wa anaconda amatha kukula mpaka 11 metres, akulemera pafupifupi 250 kg.

Chifukwa chake, titha kuganiza kuti ndi iye yemwe ndi njoka yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, ngati simungaganizire zosagwirizana ndi phanga lalitali, 12.2 mita.

Kodi mbidzi imatha kumeza munthu

Oyimira wamkulu wa banja la python amatha kudya munthu, zomwe umboni wake ulipo kale. Omaliza a iwo abwera chaka cha 2018, chifukwa si kale kwambiri pachilumba cha Sulawesi (Indonesia), njoka yautali wa mita 8 yameza mkazi wamkulu.

Chaka chatha m'dera lomwelo, chinyama chamtunda wa mita 7 chidapha munthu chimodzimodzi. Komanso, zaka zingapo izi zisanachitike, kuzunza kofananako kwa mkazi ndi mwana kunanenedwapo kale, koma, mwamwayi, wotsirizayo adapulumutsidwa.

Mwanjira, simuyenera kuchita ngozi yolumikizana ndi nyama zoterezi, ngakhale zitakhala zazitali bwanji.

Ma Pythons - ndizovuta kuyenerana ndi tanthauzo la ziweto zodziwika bwino, koma ngati mwasankha kale kukhala ndi chiweto chotere, muyenera kusamalira kuti muzipanga malo oyenera kwambiri.

Kusunga nyumba

Njira zonse zoyeretsera zimatha kuphatikizidwa m'magulu awiri: tsiku ndi tsiku ndi episodic, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufunikira kwa kuyeretsa kwakanthawi kwa malo ogwirira ntchito. Kuti chiweto chanu chizikhala momasuka pazinthu zatsopano komanso osadwala, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira ukhondo m'nyumba mwake, kuchotsa zimbudzi ndi uve tsiku lililonse, ndikusintha madzi.

Kuyeretsa mwachidwi kumayenera kuchitika kamodzi pakatha miyezi 1-1.5 ndikuyeretsa bwino bwino malo onse mu thankiyo ndi zokongoletsera zomwe zimayikidwa pamenepo. Yankho lamadzimadzi lotsekemera limayenereradi izi, pokhapokha ngati kulowa kwake sikupitirira 5%. Mutha kuthamangitsa python kubwerera ku terrarium pokhapokha itapuma.

Njira zopewera

Piyoni anali ndi zolengedwa zakutchire, choncho simuyenera kuwakhulupirira. Kulumikizana ndi izi zapambuyo kuyenera kukhala pansi pamalamulo ena, momwe zotsatirazi zingasiyanitsidwe:

• osatenga chiweto m'manja mukakhala nokha (sizikudziwika kuti zidzakutenga nthawi yanji chakudya),
• Nthawi yabwino yolumikizirana ndi masiku ochepa mutatha kudya chakudya chamasana chopatsa thanzi, pamene chonde chimakhala bwino,
• M'chipinda chokhala ndi malo operekera ziweto pamayenera kukhala mowa womwe ukhoza kutsanuliridwa pamutu wa chitseko ngati ukuyamba kukutsekereza (zotsalazo sizingathe kununkhira zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndipo zingasiye zolinga zawo),
• Nthawi zonse tsekani chivundikiro mwamphamvu, kusiya chiweto chanu kuti mutuluke,
• musalole ziweto kulowa m'chipindacho ndi malo opha nyama, kuti musakanganitse khwangwala kuti musakalenso.

Mosakayikira, pali zolengedwa zambiri zokongola komanso zachilendo pakati pa ma pythons, koma wina sayenera kuyiwala kuti onse ndi oimira zakutchire ndipo sadzatha kukhala ziweto zodekha komanso zodandaula. Popanda luso lolankhula ndi njoka, ndibwino kuti musayike pachiwopsezo ndikukhala ndi chiweto chochepa kunyumba.