Cichlid wamkulu wamkuluyu akhoza kukhala ndi chidwi kwa onse odziwa ntchito zam'madzi komanso oyambira. Severum tsikhlazoma ikhoza kukhala woimira chidwi cha ma cichlids posonkhanitsa akatswiri, ndipo akatswiri am'madzi a novice ali ndi mwayi wodziwikanso ndi nsomba zosavuta komanso zoyambirira.

Severum Woona

Ma cichlids oyimilira awa omwe ali ndi thupi lalitali (pang'ono ngati kukula kwa zakuthambo anali pachimake chotchuka pakati pa asitikali am'madzi a dziko lathu pafupifupi zaka 20 zapitazo. Dzinalo losadziwika la nsomba iyi (chinyengo chabodza) limafotokoza chifukwa chomwe anali odziwika kale. zovuta kusamalira, ndipo si onse oyenda pansi pamadzi omwe adakwanitsa kupanga zofunikira kwa iwo. Ndipo Severum (mosaganizira bwino za thupi la discus) ndi odzikweza kwambiri ndipo amamva bwino kwambiri pafupifupi Pazaka zambiri, mitundu yambiri yamitundu mitundu idabwera m'mafakitale am'madzi am'madzi, ndipo Severum idatchuka.

Nkhani

Severum tsikhlazoma, yotchedwa discus yabodza, adadziwika ndi sayansi nthawi yomweyo monga discus yeniyeni (Symphysodon discus). Mitundu yonseyi idapezeka ndikuyamba kufotokozedwa ndi katswiri wodziwa zinyama wa ku Austrian, katswiri wazachilengedwe komanso wosonkhetsa Johann Nutterer, dzina lake amatchedwa nsomba yamagazi kwambiri ku Amazon (piranha). Anapita ku Brazil mu 1817-1835, anapeza mitundu yatsopano ya nsomba za sayansi yomwe adakumana nayo m'madzi a mitsinje ku Brazil, ndipo adatenga zisonkhana zambiri. Mu 1840, potengera zolemba apaulendo, mnzake wina, dzina lake Johann Jacob Haeckel, adalemba nkhani yokhudza nsomba ya ku mtsinje wa ku Brazil dzina lake Johann Nutterera.

Severum cichlazoma adalandira dzina lachi Latin loti Heros severus, m'nkhani yomweyi ma cichlids ena owoneka bwino angapo adafotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana, mwa iwo Heros efasciatus.

Pazinthu zina za pa intaneti za severum cichlomas, mayina awiri achi Latin amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi, osiyanitsidwa ndi commes - Heros severus ndi Heros efasciatus. Izi zili choncho mwina chifukwa mitunduyi ndi yofanana kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu wamba azidzilekanitsa. Pamasamba ena, mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa, ndipo iliyonse imapatsidwanso mafotokozedwe osiyana. Pali lingaliro lakuti Heros efasciatus ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi severum (Heros notatus), komanso ndizovuta kuti azisiyanitse.

M'mabuku a msonkho wa Severum

Severum, monga mtundu, idasinthidwa kangapo zaka zingapo mosiyana ndi azachuma. Mayina a mitundu yambiri ya ma cichlids amtundu wa Heros (omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa), omwe adapangidwa ndi nsomba mu 1840 kuchokera kwa Johann Nutterer ndi a Johann Jacob Haeckel, adayamba kudziwidwa kuti ndi maulosi ofanana pakapita nthawi (pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900). Ndiye kuti, mitundu yonse inachepetsedwa imodzi.

Koma pambuyo pake, Sich Kullander wa ku Sweden adazindikiranso mitundu iwiri:

• Heros severus - wobiriwira kapena wamba severum,
• Heros appendiculatus - Severum turquoise cichlazoma.

Malingaliro ake, severum turquoise cichloma imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wozizira wamtambo wobiriwira, mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira a zipsepse zamkati komanso chikasu chokhala ndi tint iris.

Adanenanso malo osiyanasiyana amitundu yosankhidwa.

Severum m'ndandanda wa nsomba zaku South America

Podzafika 2003, Cullander ndi anzawo (Reis ndi Ferraris) adasindikiza mndandanda wa nsomba zamchere zaku South America. M'dongosolo ili, mu kapangidwe ka mtundu wa Heros, mitundu inayi ya severum imadziwika, yolumikizidwa kumalo osiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo: Heros severus, mtundu wachiwiri - H. efasciatus (wofanana ndi H. appendiculatus) ndi mitundu ina iwiri H. notatus ndi H. Spurius.

Kapangidwe kake sikophweka, chifukwa sikulola wamba wam'madzi kuti amvetsetse ndikumvetsetsa bwino mtundu wamtundu womwe akusambira mu aquarium.

Basi Heros?

Kodi dzina loyenerera la aquarium cichlazoma severum ndi ndani? Zitha kukhala zosavuta - Heros sp. kapena, komabe, taganizirani mitundu iwiri yomwe Cullander adaganizira zakusiyana pakati pa mitunduyi (Heros severus ndi Heros appendiculatus (H. efasciatus)?

Mwa akatswiri azamadzi am'madzi, dzina loti "severum" likuyamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pa dzina lokhalo (lomwe linali poyambirira) kukhala dzina lodziwika kale lomwe layamba kale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuma mitundu yonse yofananira (yogwidwa mwachilengedwe ndikupezeka munthawi yakusankhidwa). Izi ndi: "severum yagolide", "turquoise severum" ndi ena.

Mawonekedwe

Severums tsopano ikugulitsidwa, yoleredwa mu ukapolo kwa zaka zoposa zana. Makolo awo anali nsomba zomwe zinagwidwa ku Amazon komanso kumunsi kwa Rio Negro.

Zotheka kuti mitundu yonse itatu komanso anthu wamba omwe amagulitsidwa kuti adzagulitsidwe amagulitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, poganizira mawonekedwe a ma cichlids amtundu wa Heros, sititchula mtundu winawake.

Mu mtundu wa Chirasha dzina la mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu muli "Severum cichlase":

• Heros efasciatus - Cyclazoma severum turquoise,
• Heros severus - Severum tsikhlazoma wobiriwira,
• Heros notatus - Severum Notatus Cyclazoma.

Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi

Cichlazoma imawoneka modabwitsa: mutu wawukulu, womwe umasandulika bwino m'thupi, m'maso mwake muli mawonekedwe ofiira ngati utawaleza, mkamwa wokhala ndi milomo yolimba. Mapeto ake ndi aatali. Colours zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku golide kapena malachite mpaka matani a chokoleti, kutengera ndi malo omwe nsomba zimakhala.

Masikelo amawonetsa khofi wa kofi, wa pinki kapena wagolide yemwe amapanga mizere yolowera mbali. Nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yamtundu mbali zawo, zisanu ndi zitatu kapena zisanu ndi zinayi, zomwe kenako zimasowa. Pansi pa zipsepse za dorsal and anal pali malo ozungulira amdima kumalire owala. Anal fin kutsogolo-kofiirira, kuseri kwa mtundu wachikasu.

Malingaliro odziwika

Zoweta zidabereka mitundu yambiri ya Severum, yosiyana mtundu ndi kukula kwake. Komabe, otchuka kwambiri ndi ngale za Severum, golide wa Severum, Severum red-dotted ndi Severum wofiyira-makapu. Tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za iwo.

Ngale yofiira ya Severum kapena kadontho kofiyira

Severum Golide Mtundu wake ndi wachikaso chopepuka ndi utoto wagolide, wopanda mikwingwirima ndi mawanga. Pokhapokha ngati amuna, mtundu wagolide umasinthidwa kukhala lalanje. Ngakhale pakhoza kukhala maalubino omwe ali ndi masikelo opepuka a pinki ndi maso ofiira pang'ono.

Severum the Redhands

Amadziwikanso kuti rotkail. Uyu ndiye woimira wowala kwambiri wa Severum. Zomwe zili mkati mwake sizibweretsa nkhawa zilizonse zapadera - ndizothandiza kwambiri pazachilengedwe. Rothkail amadziwika ndi kukongola kwake komanso mtundu wake. Imakhala ndi siliva kapena mtundu wa greenish, kuseri kwa ma gills ndi ofiira kapena a lalanje la pezhin. Amuna ali ndi mtundu wowala, malo amdima akumwazidwa pathupi ndi pamphumi. Mwa akazi, mtundu wake ndi wolimba. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi malingaliro abwino, kuwaza kumachitika - kumakhalanso okwiyitsa.

Zojambula Zakuthengo

Kuthengo, cichlazoma severum amakhala ku South America, m'mitsinje ya Colombia ndi Venezuela, kumpanda kwa Rio Negro ndi beseni la Orinoco. Ngakhale mulingo wonsewo ndi waukulu komanso ofanana pa ma biotope, umakhala ndi zinthu zingapo.

Pakamwa komanso pachidikha cha Rio Negro, mwachitsanzo, madzi ndi a bulauni komanso amtambo, nsomba sizingathe kuwerengeka ndi maso, zimathandizidwa ndi kumva kwofanizira. Maziko a chakudya cha Severum m'magawo awa ndi masamba agwa, maluwa ndi zipatso za mitengo zomwe zimamera pafupi ndi madzi omwe. Nsomba zamadzi osaya m'mbali zawo zimakhala pafupi ndi gombe - pali owononga ochepa ndi zigoba zambiri, komwe mungabisike, ndipo malowo ndi abwino kungowaza. Severum Venezuela ali ndimikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Mtsinje wa Orinoco ndi wozungulira: ngati madzi a mtsinjewo amatha kutenthetsa 25 ° C, kuuma kwa 0.9 dGH ndi acidity ya 6.9 pH, ndiye kuti malingaliro awa ndiosiyana kwathunthu kwa amilandu. Mchigwa cha Orinoco, nyengo yotentha ndi yotentha: mvula yamvula kwambiri nthawi yotentha, koma chilala nthawi yachisanu. Zomera zam'mlengalenga - zitsamba, mitengo - ndizosowa.

Kusamalira ndi kukonza mu aquarium

Nsomba za severum aquarium ndizosachita bwino motero kusungidwa kwawo m'njira zonse ndikosavuta. Choyamba: aquarium iyenera kukhala pamalo opanda phokoso. Nsomba zili mmenemo zimakonda kusambira pansi kapena pakati.

Ponena za kuyatsa, palibe zofunika zapadera, ndikofunikira kuti sizowala - nsomba sizimakonda izi. Makamaka - kuunikaku kumakhala kuzimiririka.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi chinyengo chabodza, ngakhale chimachokera kuthengo, komanso chiwindi chazitali cha aquarium. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso chisamaliro chazinthu zam'madzi zitha kukhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu kapena kupitirira.

Zing'ono ndi voliyumu

Kukula kwake, malo okhala pansi pamadzi akuyenera kukhala osachepera 300 malita, kutengera laling'ono la malita 150 pamadzi amodzi, koma ambiri - okulirapo, abwino pabwino ndi bata la okhalamo. Kwa ma cichlases awiri, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi gawo lawolawo - kuswana ndi kuteteza. Ndipo izi ndizosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa - mu nyanja yayitali komanso yotsika, severum imakula m'lifupi ndikufanana ndi discus, koma mu aquarium yopapatiza iwo adzatambasulidwa.

Zofunikira zamadzi

Nsomba ya Aquarium Severum imakonda "madzi" akale, omwe adakhazikika kale, ndikuyenda kochepa mu aquarium. Ngakhale nsomba sizigwirizana ndi kutentha kwamadzi, komabe ziyenera kukhalabe mkati mwa 20-28 ° С (koposa zonse - 25 ° С). Acidity pH 6.8-8.0, ndi kuuma dH 6-20. Madzi azisinthidwa sabata iliyonse ndi 30%.

Nthaka ndi zomera

Kupangitsa kuti nsombayi imve bwino m'madzi, ndibwino kutiikonzere zofanana ndi dziko lamadzi a mitsinje ya South America: dothi lamchenga, miyala yayikulu komanso miyala yambiri yoterera. Kudzikongoletsa kwa Aquarium - m'mapanga ang'onoang'ono, miyala - kudzapanga malo okhala m'misodzi yaying'ono ndipo, titero, kugawanitsa aquarium m'magawo. Masamba omwe amagwa amathanso kukhala othandiza m'munsi mwa aquarium, monga beech, oak kapena almond.

Zomera za cichlazoma "chikondi." Amawakoka, ngati kuti ngakhale ali ndi mwini wake. Chifukwa chake, ngati mumasunga mbeu mu malo azisoti, ndiye kokha ndi masamba olimba ndi ma rhizomes amphamvu. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuti muzizika mizu ndikuwaponya miyala. Kuchokera kuzomera, cryptocrins ndi vallisneria ndizoyenera - zimakula msanga.

Zida zina

Cichlazoma ili ndi metabolism yofulumira kwambiri, ndipo izi zimawonetsedwa pakuyera kwamadzi. Pazifukwa izi, fayilo yolimba (yoyenera kwachilengedwe) ndi aeration ndiyofunikira mwachangu mu aquarium. Ponena za fyuluta ya aquarium, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuwonjezera pa ntchito yake yayikulu, kuyeretsa, kuyeneranso kupanga kutuluka pang'ono mu aquarium - cichlazomas amakonda kwambiri izi.

Kodi Severums amadya chiyani?

Palibe zovuta zapadera pano - Severum imakhala yopanda pake ndipo imadya mitundu yonse ya chakudya cha nsomba za ku aquarium, popanda kupatula. Monga chakudya chachikulu, mapiritsi okhala ndi zakudya zama cichlids akuluakulu okhala ndi spirulina kapena fiber ina akhoza kukhala oyenera. Zingakhale zabwino kuwonjezera chisanu kapena zakudya zam'madzizo kuchokera pazakudya: zazing'ono - zam'mimba, gammarus, chubu, zokulirapo - shrimp, mawonde ndi ma fillets a nsomba.

Zosiyanasiyana ndizakudya zazikulu, motero zimayenera kupereka chakudya pang'onopang'ono, kangapo patsiku. Ndipo musatope.

Malo okhala ndi malo okhala

South America: Kufalikira m'milandu ya mtsinje wa Amazon, makamaka mumtsinje wa Ucayali ku Peru ndi Solimines River ku Brazil, yawonekeranso mu mtsinje wa Shingu.

Malo omwe amakhala kwambiri m'madzi akuya, abata komanso mizu yambiri yamitengo ndi nthambi.

Malingaliro oyandikana nawo

Discus zabodza ndizoleza mtima komanso osati zankhanza kwa nsomba zamitundu ina. Zimakhala bwino ndi ma cichlids okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kukula kwake; amakumana bwino ndi nsomba zokhala ngati za nsomba. Kuti mukhale mnansi wabwino ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono, pamafunika malo akuluakulu oti munthu akhale nawo. Yemwe sangathe kucheza naye, ndi nsomba yophimba ya chophimba - tetra, neon, pecilia ndi golffish.

Koma kusunga cichlase ndi gululi kuli pafupi. Izi ndichifukwa chakudana kwawo kopanda nzeru. Pokhapokha ngati malo akuluakulu okhala ndi malo oyendetsera nyanja ndikuwongolera malo olola kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala olimbikira awa.

Zambiri Zofalitsa

Ndi ofanana ndi anthu. Pakuswana, maanja sayenera kukhala ochokera kumasoni amodzi, kutanthauza kuti sayenera kukhala abale ndi alongo. Kupanda kutero, nthawi zambiri, ana amadzuka. Monga lamulo, nsomba imasankha wokwatirana naye. Koma pali chachilendo apa: ma discs amatha kupanga ma banja omwe ali amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (mkazi ndi mkazi, mwachitsanzo) ndipo palibe amene angathe kukumana ndi mazira. Nthawi zambiri, mumacichlids abwinobwino, ana amawoneka kuchokera chaka ndi theka, koma kuthekanso kubereka kumawonekeranso koyambirira. Chifukwa chake, kubereka nthawi zina kumalimbikitsidwa: poyamba, kawiri pa sabata, 10% amasintha madzi ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwake ndi madigiri angapo, kenako amakula pang'ono ndi madigiri 5. Mutha kuweta nsomba mumtundu wamba komanso m'malo owerengeka am'madzi, mita imodzi kapena kupitirira.

Kusiyana kwachikazi ndi kwachimuna

Severum ifika pakukula kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka ziwiri. Ndipo ndizotheka kusiyanitsa pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ngakhale koyambirira - pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mwa anyamata achichepere, mosiyana ndi akazi, ndalama yotsala imakhala yakuthwa, yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndi zaka. Mwa amuna achikulire, mtundu umawoneka bwino, pamutu pawo pali mawonekedwe owoneka amtundu wonyezimira, owoneka ngati chokoleti, komanso achikazi, ndipo akazi satha kuzindikira, utoto wawo umafota. Madzulo kuterera kwa akazi, ovipositor wamkulu amakhala wamakhalidwe, wowoneka bwino kumapeto kwake, ndipo mwaimuna zazing'ono, zopyapyala za Vas zimawoneka bwino.

Nthawi yofalikira

Munthawi imeneyi, mosiyana ndi moyo wonse, severum cichlomas imakhala yankhanza kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ena onse okhala m'madzimo. Koma pakati pawo, wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amakonzekera "kuvina kokhazikika" - amalumikizana ndi pakamwa pawo komanso bwino "waltz". Pambuyo pa kuvina - amayeretsa malo osankhidwa kuti aponye mazira, amafunikira malo osalala kapena pang'ono. Mwala wosalala kapena chidutswa cha matailosi abwino. Akaziwo akatuluka, yamphongo imasambira kumbuyo ndikuthira mbewu.

Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimataya mazira mazana atatu mpaka chikwi (kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuterera). Onsewa azisamalira: chachikazi chimachotsa mazira omwe sanatenge umuna, ndipo yamphongo imayendetsa nsomba zomwe zikubwera. Nthawi ya mazirawo nthawi yayitali imakhala pafupifupi sabata - zimatengera kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium. Mphutsi zomwe zikuwoneka m'masiku asanu ndi awiri zidzayamba kusambira ndikudya mwachangu. Poyamba, makolo amawadyetsa ndi khungu lawo kuchokera kumbali, koma sizimachitika nthawi zonse. Mafuta amafunika chakudya chapadera - ma rotifers, artemia nauplii ndi ma cyclops. Koma ang'onoang'ono amakula pang'onopang'ono - pamwezi 1 cm okha, kenako mitundu.

Chifukwa chake, kukonza ndi kuswana kwa nsomba zokongola kwambiri zam'madzi za cichlazoma severum sikungafunike kuwononga kwakukulu, nthawi ndi ndalama kuchokera kwa eni ake. Koma ndi chikhalidwe chawo chodziwikiratu, chisomo, chosawoneka bwino komanso chosangalatsa, amatha kupatsa chisangalalo ndi mtendere. Mukasankha anthu okhala m'madzimo, simudzanong'oneza bondo.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

True severum severum Heros severus, yotchedwa wobiriwira severum cichlazoma, ndizosowa kwambiri mwa obereketsa. M'mawonekedwe, ali ofanana kwambiri ndi sequum ya turquoise. Koma zimasiyana mu njira yakubala - mazira amadzazidwa mkamwa.

Popanga kuswana, Heros severus sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni kuti apeze mitundu. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu Heros efasciatus (turquoise), komwe mitundu yambiri imapezeka. Ena mwa iwo ndi Severum wagolide, wokhala ndi madontho ofiira, ofiira komanso mitundu ina yambiri. Turquoise severum imayikira mazira pamtunda ndikuyang'anira ana.

Ngale zofiira

Ngale ya red severum (yokhala ndi dotolo) ndi nsomba yokongola ya golide yokhala ndi mawanga ofiira ambiri. Mitundu ya masikelo imatha kusiyanasiyana ndi chikaso chowoneka bwino (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malo ofiira).Mapera ofiira a Tsikhlazoma kumpoto sakhala amanyazi komanso amakonda kuphunzira zinthu zowazungulira, kuganizira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono chilichonse chowazungulira. Komabe, munthawi yophukira, momwe peyala za cikhlazoma severum zimasinthira modabwitsa. Nsomba imateteza gawo lake mwachangu ndikulowa m'malo angapo ndi abale ake.

Wagolide

Golden Severum - nsomba za ku aquarium za mtundu wachikaso wowoneka bwino ndi utoto wagolide. Alibe mikwingwirima kapena zidutswa zotchulidwa. Mwa amuna, mtundu wagolide umasandulika kukhala lalanje. Mtunduwu umaphatikizanso maalubino okhala ndi masikelo apinki amaso ndi ofiira.

Opindika ofiira

Red-meta (rothkale) ndi m'modzi mwa oimira odziwika bwino ku Severum. Anawonekera posachedwa mdziko lathu, koma anali wokonda kwambiri asodzi am'madzi chifukwa cha mtundu wake wachilendo, wosasamala mawonekedwe ndikukhala odekha. Thupi la nsombayi ndi siliva kapena wamtundu wowoneka bwino, ndipo kumbuyo kwa mapilowo pamakhala malo ofiira, nthawi zina lalanje. Amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wowala, ndipo mawanga amdera omwazikana thupi ndi mphumi. Akazi amakhala ndi mtundu wofanana. Monga mitundu inanso ya ma cichlids, imawonetsa ukali pakapanda kutulutsa.

Green

Green Severum (Gayanskiy) ili ndi masikelo achikasu kapena obiriwira. Malo akuda ndi ofala amuna amuna onse; mikwingwirima yamtundu womwewo imadutsa mbali. Mwa akazi, mtundu wake ndi wolimba. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zamtunduwu, severum yobiriwira imakonda kukhala m'munsi komanso pakati pa thupi lamadzi.

Ma cichlids a Severum sakhala opusa pazinthu ngati mitundu ina ya ma cichlids. Nsombazi sizigonjetsedwa ndi ma virus angapo, komanso zimalekerera kutentha kwambiri. Chofunika ndi kupezeka kwa malo akuluakulu okhala ndi malo amchere (oposa ma lita 150 pa banja). Kenako nsomba izi zimamasuka komanso kukhala bata. Kukhala ndi gawo lanu ndilofunika kwambiri kwa banja. Amuteteza pakadzabadwa ana. Nthawi zina nsomba zimamenyerana. Kutsamira pakamwa pawo, amatha kuyezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Koma m'malo otsetsereka okhala ndi malo okhala adzakhala ndi malo okwanira kukhalira mwamtendere.

Chowoneka chachilendo ndichodalira mawonekedwe a thupilo pamadzi omwe mumasankha. Ngati Aquarium ndi yopapatiza komanso yayitali, Severum cichlazoma imakulanso kutalika, thupi lake limakhala lalitali, ndipo limafanana kwambiri ndi discus. M'madzi ambiri komanso otsika, thupi la nsomba limakula.

Kutentha kwakukulu kwamadzi ku Severum kumachokera pa 24 mpaka 26 ° C. Koma kuchepa pang'ono kapena kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha sikungatanthauze mavuto akulu. Ngakhale mitundu ina ya ma cichlids imadalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi, Severum cichloma imatha kusungika pakuuma kulikonse. Komabe, kuuma kuchokera ku 4-10 ° dH kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri kwa iye. Chinyezi chimasungidwa bwino pa 6-6.5 pH. Kuyatsa kwa nsomba izi sikuchita gawo lapadera, koma chinthu chabwino kwambiri kwa iwo chidzakhala chopepuka ndi imvi.

Severum cichlid amakonda madzi okhazikika, "akale". Kusintha kwamadzi kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi pa sabata mu kuchuluka kwa 1/5 kwa voliyumu yonse ya aquarium. Iyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madziwo ndi oyera. Zomera zanthete zimafunika kutsukidwa ndikuziika mu chida china kuti muchiritse. Ndikumayeretsa madzi am'madzi, nsomba izi zimakonda kudya chipwirikiti chochotsedwa ndi cholembera. Kuti nsomba zizikhala pafupi kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe, ndibwino kuti mupange kamtsinje kakang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yakunja.

Popeza Severum cichlazoma ndi wokonda kulumpha, chivundikiro cha aquarium chiyenera kutsekedwa.

Kugwirizana

Ndikofunika kusunga Severum pagulu la nsomba 6-10. Kuchuluka kwa malo okhala pansi pamadzi ndi malo ambiri okhala ndi malowa kudzawathandiza kukhala malo abwino okhala. Ngati mungaganize zophatikiza nsomba izi ndi zina, oyandikana nawo omwe ali oyenera kwambiri ndi awa: astronotus, cichlosome wakuda-wokhala ndi mizere yayikulu, cichlosome, njuchi, catfish yokhala ndi zida zankhondo, chotchinga chotchinga, procostomus, gill gill catfish, gill catill, gill catill, gill gill catill ndi uaru

Mwapadera ndizosatheka kuphatikiza ndi nsomba yophimba, ndi anthu ochepa komanso ocheperako. Ma seicum acichlids amawawona ngati chakudya.

Kudyetsa

Pazachilengedwe, Severum cichlids amadya zakudya zam'mera zokha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti musangophatikiza pazosankha, koma kuti mupange maziko a chakudya. Chifukwa cha izi, magawo a nkhaka, zukini, sipinachi yozikika, kabichi ndi saladi, tsabola wokoma, nyemba zosenda, nyemba zosankhika ndi nandolo ndizoyenera. Zakudya zouma, mapiritsi akumiza okhala ndi spirulina amakhala okwanira. Mwambiri, nsomba ndizosangalatsa ndipo sizibweretsa vuto kupeza chakudya chapadera.

Nyama za Severum zimatha kuperekedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Zakudya zotere zimabweretsa matenda. Ndikwabwino kudyetsa ndi nsomba kapena minyewa, shrimp, tinthu, magazi, gammarus, Earthworms.

Kudyetsa Severum ndikofunikira masiku awiri nthawi imodzi. Zakudya ziyenera kudyetsedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kuti muchepetse kudya kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Nsomba zamtunduwu zimadwala chifukwa cha chakudya chochuluka.

Kuswana

Severum yothandiza kubereka imangotengera kutentha kapena kusintha kwamadzi kokhazikika. Ndikwabwino kugula nsomba kuma ndodo zosiyanasiyana kuti si abale ndi alongo. Kupanda kutero, ana nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonongeka. Nsomba zingapo zimadzisankhira pawokha. Chochititsa chidwi ndi nsomba izi ndi kuthekera kopanga maukwati amtundu umodzi (mwachitsanzo, wamkazi ndi wamkazi). Potere, caviar imakhalabe yopanda chiphuphu. Koma nthawi zambiri, nsomba imasankha mnzake wa zibwenzi. Nthawi zina, banja limatha kupangidwa ndi anthu atatu (amuna amodzi ndi akazi awiri).

Severum imatulutsa ana athanzi achikhalidwe kuyambira zaka 1.5, koma amatha kutulutsa kale. Kubalanso kumatha kusinthidwa. Izi zimachitika m'magawo angapo: kusintha kwa madzi kawiri pa sabata kwa 10% ya voliyumu yonse, kutsitsa kutentha kwa madzi ndi madigiri angapo, kenako kukwera pang'onopang'ono kwa 5 ° C.

Zisanayambe, awiriwo nthawi zambiri amakonzekera chiwonetsero chokongola - amavina ndi waltz pakamwa pawo atagundana. Kenako champhongo ndi chachikazi chimayeretsa malowo mwachangu. Kuti muchite izi, aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi mwala waukulu wosalala kapena mataulo a ceramic. Yaikazi imamera, ndipo yamphongo imasambira pambuyo, ikaphatikiza umuna. Makolo onse awiri amasamalira mazira: mayi amachotsa mazira osabereka, ndipo bamboyo amathamangitsa nsomba yomwe idutsapo. Mphutsi zamkaka kuzungulira tsiku la 3. Severum cichlid imatha kudyetsa ana mokha kwa nthawi yoyamba chifukwa chinsinsi chapadera cha epithelium. Koma izi sizichitika nthawi zonse, monganso kusamalira ana. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza maubongo a Severum, iwo ataya pang'ono pang'ono kubereka ana.

Severums yaying'ono imakula pang'onopang'ono poyamba. Pofika mwezi umodzi, kutalika kwa nsombaku kumafikira masentimita 1. Mutha kudyetsa achichepere ndi daphnia, artemia, ndi ozungulira kuyambira sabata. Ndipo kuyambira miyezi itatu, zaka zazing'ono za Severum cichlazoma zimatha kudya chidutswa cham'mimba, machubu ndi mawongo.

Othandizira m'madzi amawona Severum ziweto zawo komanso zokonda za banja lonse. Nsomba imeneyi imalola mwiniwake kudzidyetsa yekha ndi manja ake ndikumenya kumbuyo. Mayendedwe ake okongola komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba, komanso maonekedwe owala, osasinthika, ali oyenera kuyang'ana nsomba kwa maola ambiri. Kusamalira koyenera komanso kudyetsa kumapangitsa kuti Severum ikhale yabwino, ndipo nsombazo zimakusangalatsani kwa nthawi yayitali ndikusangalatsani.

Zovuta pazomwe zili

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri zam'madzi mu aquarium. Ngakhale ndi abwino kwa oyamba kumene komanso okonda kwambiri, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu yomwe imakula mwachangu.

Ngati mungapangire malo oyenerera, ndikukhazikitsa ndi oyandikana nawo, sizingayambitse mavuto.

Kukula kwa mbadwa za "ngwazi zakumpoto"

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga sabata limodzi. Nthawi yonseyi, makolo onsewa amayang'anira ana. Amaponyera mazira akufa, zipsepse zimapatsa mphamvu mabowo. Severum mwachangu amayamba kusambira tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri atabadwa. Kenako amatha kupatsidwa chakudya choyambira, mwachitsanzo microplankton, chakudya chapadera cha mwachangu kapena nauplii wa brine shrimp. Kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu, mayi ndi abambo amakhala pafupi, kuteteza mwachangu kwa chilichonse, ngakhale chowopsa, changozi. Ngati m'modzi mwa nsomba zakunja asambira pafupi kwambiri, makolowo amawachotsa kapena kuwabisira ana pakamwa pawo.

Achinyamata amakula pang'onopang'ono. Pakatha mwezi umodzi matupi awo amatha kutalika masentimita 1. Nthawi yomweyo, mtunduwo umayamba kupanga makanda, ndipo makolo sawayang'aniranso. Ndikofunikira kuti madzi am'madzi athwa mwachangu azikhala ofunda nthawi zonse, apo ayi nsomba zazing'ono zimapeza zovuta zina.

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Kuphatikiza pa kuwombera nthawi, uku ndi kuwoneka kokongola komanso kopatsa chidwi kwa ma cichlids ofanana. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kusankha kwabwino kwa gulu la nsomba zazikulu, zamtendere. Moyenera, ndibwino kuti muzisunga ndi mitundu ina ya ku South America.

Amakhala modekha ndi ma Akaras komanso ngakhale Scalaria, kapena m'mitundu yayikulu. Zachidziwikire, simuyenera kuziyika pachiwopsezo ndikuwasunga ndi nsomba zazing'ono, monga Guppies kapena Neons. Severums imakula mwachangu, makamaka mpaka 20 cm (izi zimatenga pafupifupi chaka), kenako pang'onopang'ono.

Anthu ena atha kuwonetsa mawonekedwe osakondweretsa - malo omwe amakula, ngati atakhala okha. Mwambiri, machitidwe otere nthawi zonse amatha kupewa chifukwa chokhala ndi abale.

Kutsimikiza mtima pakugonana

Zovuta kuzindikiritsa pakugonana zimatha kuchitika ngakhale ndi katswiri wazamadzi wazamadzi. Kusiyana kumeneku sikokhazikika kotero kuti ngakhale nsomba zomwe zimatha kusokonezeka pankhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina pamakhala azimayi awiri amapanga awiri, amatulutsa, koma amakhala osabereka. Komabe pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimathandiza kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi:

• Mphesa zam'mimba ndi zotupa mwa anyamata zimakhala zowongoka,
• Mitundu ya amuna imakhala yodzala,
• mphumi yaikazi ili ndi mawonekedwe ena opinimbira,
• Maphikidwe a mnyamatayo ali okongoletsedwa pang'ono ndi utoto wakuda,
• zazikazi zimayikidwa chizindikiro ndi malo amdima pa dorsal fin.

Aquarium

Ma Aquariums okhala ndi kukula kosachepera 120 * 45 * 45 cm - kuchokera 240 malita ndi oyenera kukonza.

The biotope izikhala yosavuta kuyipanga. Gwiritsani ntchito gawo lamchenga wamtsinje, onjezani miyala, zikwanje ndi nthambi. Zomera zam'madzi sizinthu zachilengedwe zokha. Lolani driftwood ndi masamba kuti asinthe madzi kukhala mtundu wa tiyi wopanda mphamvu. Chikwama chaching'ono chokhala ndi ma peat ocheperako chitha kuwonjezeredwa kuchosefa kuti chithandizire kutengera "madzi akuda". Gwiritsani ntchito kuyatsa kokongola.

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi

Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa chachikazi ndi chachimuna, ngakhale akatswiri am'madzi am'madzi amasokonezeka. Yaikazi imakhala ndi malo amdima pa dorsal fin, ndipo palibe zokongola pazotchinga gill - madontho obalalika (mkaziyo ali ndi yunifolomu, yunifolomu m'malo mwa madontho).

Ziphuphu zachimuna ndi zachikazi ndizowongoka, ndipo ali ndi mphumi.

Ndikovuta kwambiri kudziwa mtundu wa mitundu yowala, monga ngale zofiira, popeza nthawi zambiri kulibe madontho.

Zinthu zabwino

Chifukwa cha kukula kwa nsombazo, mutha kungodziyika m'madzi omwe mumakhala madzi okwanira malita 150 kapena kupitilira. Kukula kosakwanira komanso kukula kwa malo am'madzi kutalika kumatsutsa kusintha kwa thupi la severum - mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe. Koma malo akuluakulu owerengera ma ngalande kumbali zonse amakulolani kubereka pafupifupi ma-disc.

Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, muyenera kusankha malo am'madzi, monga tafotokozera kale, malita 150 pa awiri, komanso 200 malita. Ma aquarium akapangidwira mitundu ingapo, kuchuluka kwake sikuyenera kukhala ochepera 300 malita, ndikofunikira - pafupifupi 500 malita molingana ndi chiwerengero chonse cha nsomba.

Magawo okonda madzi a Severum ndi:

• Kutentha kwamadzi kumachokera madigiri 23 mpaka 28.
• Acity acidity.
• Kuuma kwamadzi pang'ono.

IzicichlomasOdzichepetsera kwambiri ndipo amalekerera mosavuta kusasangalala komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kutentha, nawonso samadwala matenda.

Nsomba zimasowa kusefedwa kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso kuthandizira chifukwa cha kagayidwe kachangu. Chifukwa chake, pokonzekera kupanga aquarium ya Severum, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa dongosolo lochitira masewera olimbitsa madzi ndi zosefera zapamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuyeretsa pansi pamadzi kuti muchotse zinyalala.

Kuswana

Monga ma cichlids ambiri, discus yabodza imasamalira ana ndikuyamwitsa mwachangu. Awiri amapangidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo popeza nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, amatenga 67 mwachangu ndikukula pamodzi, nsomba zomwe zimasankha awiri.

Severums imatha kutuluka magawo osiyanasiyana am'madzi, koma bwino kwambiri m'madzi ofewa, ndi pH m'dera la 6 ndi kutentha kwa 26-27 ° C. Komanso, kuyambira kwa kubereka kumathandizidwa ndi kuchulukitsa kwamadzi atsopano.

Nthawi zambiri, Severums imamera mu aquarium yomwe amakhala, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kukwiya kwawo kumawonjezeka nthawi imeneyi. Amakonda kuyikira mazira pamwala kapenaethe. Yaikazi imayikira mazira pafupifupi 1000

kwa, wamwamuna amadzithira manyowa ndipo makolo onse awiri amasamalira mazira ndi mwachangu.

Pambuyo posambira amasambira, makolowo amawasunga, kuwalola kuti adye artemia nauplii, chakudya chowumbirira, ndi microworm.

Komanso, mwachangu amatha kubisa chinsinsi chapadera kuchokera pakhungu la makolo, chomwe amabisalira makamaka pakudya. Makolo amatha kusamalira mwachangu mpaka milungu isanu ndi umodzi.

Zolemba

Severum (Heros efasciatus) ndi amodzi mwa ma cichlids otchuka kwambiri komanso osavuta kupeza mu aquarium, komabe, si aliyense amene amamvetsetsa kuti nsomba izi zimatha kufika zazikulu zazikulu, chifukwa chake sizili zoyenera ku aquarium iliyonse. Nsomba nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa mu mtundu wamtundu wamba kwa wachinyamata.
Severum ndi nsomba yayikulu yam'madzi ndi anthu aku South America, bola palibe nsomba zochepa zoti adye. Amakula msanga, choncho amayenera kuyikidwa koyambira konse koyambira kuyambira pachiyambi.

Matenda

Nsomba ya Aquarium Severum ili ndi thupi lolimba kwambiri ndipo sitha kugwidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ngati chiweto chimasungidwa bwino, chifukwa chomwe adasowa chitetezo.

Nyama izi zimaganizira kwambiri za kuyera kwa madzi. Ngati zili ndi zinthu zazikuluzikulu za nayitrogeni zomwe zimayang'aniridwa mmenemo, ndiye kuti izi zimakhudza momwe munthuyo aliri. Chifukwa chake, pozindikira zakusintha izi, ndikofunikira kusintha madzi ndikuyeretsa nthaka komanso kusefa.

Komanso pamabwalo, eni nsomba izi nthawi zina amalemba kuti akudwala "semolina". Ichi ndi matenda opatsirana, owonetsedwa ngati madontho oyera thupi lonse. Kuchiritsa ichthyophthyroidism, muyenera kukweza kutentha kwamadzi mpaka madigiri 30, kuyatsa aeration. Ngati vutoli silikonzedwa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nthawi zambiri, methylene buluu, antipar, metronidazole, etc. amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Samadzi ang'onoang'ono Severum ali ndi thupi lolimba ndipo satenga matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma chifukwa cha chidwi chamadzi, chitetezo chitha kufooka, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa matenda monga ichthyophthyroidism.