Doberman ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, mawonekedwe ovuta komanso mbiri yotsutsana. Ena amamuona ngati mnzake wapamtima wa ana, pomwe ena ndi woipa. Doberman ndiyonse, koma cholinga chachikulu ndi ntchito yovomerezeka. Mu 1925, a Doberman adatchedwa Sauer adatsata njira ya wakuba 160 km.
Chithunzi cha munthu wamkulu Doberman wakuda komanso wamtambo
Luntha ndi chikhalidwe.
Doberman amakhala ndi mafoni kwambiri, amamvera chidwi ndi zomwe zikuchitika. Okhazikika kwambiri, achangu komanso amphamvu, koma opanda mantha komanso kukangana. Awa ndi galu wokhala ndi malingaliro owoneka odzimvera, omwe salekerera kupanda ulemu komanso samavomera kukhala wantchito, membala wofanana m'banjamo.
Doberman ali ndi luntha lodabwitsa ndipo amaligwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Wokhoza kupenda payekha zochitika zosiyanasiyana m'moyo ndi kusankha zochita, ali ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakwaniritsa kuchenjera kwake kapena kuumirira kwake.
Wokhala ndi chidwi kwambiri, ayenera kutenga nawo mbali pazinthu zonse zabanja komanso kudziwa zochitika. Mopanda mantha komanso odzipereka. Kwa iye ndi cholengedwa chokondana, kwa adani omwe angathe kukhala mdani woipa komanso wowopsa. Tsogolo la Doberman limayenera kukhala osamala nthawi zonse. Sakonda kuluma ndipo safuna kuluma mosafunikira. Mkwiyo ndi mantha. Pafupifupi zaka 50 zapitazo, mawonekedwe a Doberman adafaniziridwa ndi bomba. Agalu amakono sachita nkhanza, komanso ndi anzeru, olimba mtima komanso olimba mtima.
Kubadwa muyezo komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Doberman ndi galu wamtali wautali wokhala ndi thupi lolimba, lolimba minofu, lanyada komanso mawonekedwe osalala. Mulingo wamtundu wa mraba: kutalika kwa oblique kumapitilira kutalika ndi 5-10%. Kuyerekeza zogonana kumatchulidwa. Kutalika kwa kufota kwa amuna - 68-72 masentimita, kulemera - 40-45 kg, kutalika kwa bitches - 63-68 cm, kulemera - 32-35 kg.
Mutu ndi wa kutalika kwapakatikati, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mphero. Korona ali pafupi kuphwatika. Kusintha kuchokera pamphumi kupita kutsitsi kumatchulidwa kochepa. Phokoso ndi lalitali ndi kamwa yolimba kwambiri. Milomo ndi youma, yokwanira zolimba. Mphuno wokhala ndi mphuno zazikulu zosakwana kutalika kutalika, zakuda kapena zofiirira, kutengera mtundu. Kukwanira kwathunthu kwa mano, kuluma lumo. Maso a sing'anga makulidwe ndi ozungulira, makamaka amtundu wakuda. Misozi imakhazikika, mwanjira yachilengedwe yapakatikati, ikapindika, pamphepete moyandikira pafupi ndi masaya. Mawu ochepa.
Khosi limakhala lalitali, lowuma, limatsikira pansi. Zifota zatchulidwa. Kumbuyo ndi kwakukulu, kochepa. Khungubwe likugona pang'ono. Chifuwa ndichachikulu komanso chakuya. Pansi pake ndi yolimba. Mchira umakhala wokwera, mwanjira yake yachilengedwe imafika mpaka kulumikizidwe. Miyendo ndi yayitali, yokhala ndi minyewa yowuma. Zala zazifupi, zophatikizika. Mapiritsi ndi zikhadabo zakuda.
Chovalacho ndi cholimba, chambiri komanso chachifupi, chimatsatira kwambiri thupi, ndipo chimakhala chosalala kukhudza. Palibe undercoat. Kusungunuka pang'ono. Osati fungo lamphamvu. Utoto wakuda kapena bulawuni wokhala ndi zilembo zofotokozedwa bwino kwambiri. Kupatuka kulikonse kuzinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa muyezo ndi chilema kapena chilema (kutengera kuwuma).
Chithunzi cha delma yofiirira yokhala ndi mchira
Kupita kwa Doberman koyambirira ndi lero.
Doberman ndi mtundu wazomwe adalembedwa, adapezeka chifukwa cha Karl Friedrich Luis Dobermann, yemwe adabadwa mu 1834 ku Germany, mzinda wa Opoold, komwe amakhala ndikukhala okhometsa misonkho.
Mzere wazomwe zidakakamiza Frederick kuti azikhala ndi mnzake wodalirika pafupi, koma palibe amtundu umodzi womwe sunakwaniritse zofuna zake. Ajeremani ankakonda kwambiri zikhomo zazitali, motero mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe awo anali ngati maziko. Doberman amanyamula magazi a wokalamba wakale waku Germany, Rottweiler, Beauceron, Weimaraner ndi agalu ena osaka.
Ntchito pa mtundu wa Friedrich Dobermann unayamba pakati pa zaka za XIX. Kale mu 1863, a Dobermans adawonetsedwa koyamba ku Hamburg pansi pa dzina la Thuringian Pinscher. Kuyambira 1876, buku losungidwa lakhala likusungidwa. Atamwalira mlengi mu 1894, mtunduwo udapatsidwa dzina la Doberman Pinscher, ndipo woweta wotchuka Otto Giller adapitiliza ntchito yoswana. Mu 1949, prefix "pincher" adachotsedwa, panali yosavuta koma sonorous - Doberman.
Doberman ndi galu wogwira ntchito wosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, womvera kwambiri komanso wokayikira wobadwa kunja. Makhalidwewa amamulola kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito m'madipatimenti apolisi, pamiyambo, m'gulu lankhondo, ndi mabungwe achitetezo oyang'anira usiku. A Dobermans omwe adasankha dala kukhazikitsa mkwiyo komanso kukhala tcheru, chofunikira chofunikira ndikumvera popanda kudzipereka. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, a Dobermans adapatsidwa dzina la "wokhulupirika nthawi zonse" ("semperfidelis") pantchito zankhondo yaku US.
A Doberman atha kukhala mnzake komanso galu wabanja, yemwe ngakhale ataphunzitsidwa mosavomerezeka amakhala akuteteza. Ndi Dobermans amatenga nawo mbali pamasewera osiyanasiyana (cani-mtanda, agility, kukoka zolemera).
Maphunziro ndi maphunziro.
Ndizosangalatsa kugwira ntchito ndi Doberman ngati mutha kumusangalatsa. Pakuyenera kukhala galu wothandizira, amagwira chilichonse pa ntchentche, amakhala ndi malingaliro odabwitsa komanso ochita zodabwitsa. Doberman ndi womvera komanso wokonda anthu. Ndikofunikira kusankha wophunzitsa yemwe amamvetsetsa kuti ndizosavuta kuti agalu agwire bwino ntchito popanda kupanga mapulani, kukwapula ndi njira zina zazomera.
Maphunziro nthawi zonse amayamba kuyambira ali aang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolimbikitsira zabwino ndi zotamandika. Patha miyezi 2-3 ayamba kupanga malamulo osavuta mu mawonekedwe a masewera. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu, kupangitsa kuti mukhale wankhalwe komanso kulola khalidwe losayenera kuti liyende. Izi zitha kuwononga chikhalidwe cha galu.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza.
Doberman ndiyabwino onse mu nyumba komanso pabwalo. Poyambirira, ndikofunikira kupatsa galu ntchito yolimbitsa thupi yoyenera. Mu chachiwiri - nyumba (nyumba ina yosiyana kapena nyumba yamagetsi yokhala ndi malo otenthedwa, pomwe kutentha sikumatsika madigiri 5). Pakuyenda nyengo yachisanu, a Dobermans amasankha zovala zabwino kutengera nyengo.
Ma Dobermans ndi agalu olimbikira, othamanga, amafunika kupsinjika kwamthupi ndi m'malingaliro ndipo sangathe kukhutira ndikuyenda kwamaola awiri. Kuthamangira ndikusambira kumalimbikitsidwa. Yendani masewera othandizira ndi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono. Kufikira zaka 1.5-2, mpaka dongosolo la minculoskeletal lipangidwe, maphunzirowa ayenera kukhala odekha.
Kusamalira Doberman ndikulunjika. Tsitsi limasungidwa nthawi 1-2 pa sabata ndi burashi kapena mitche kwa agalu a tsitsi lalifupi. osasamba nthawi yopitilira 1 pamwezi. Pambuyo pakuyenda, miyendo ndi thupi zitha kutsukidwa ndi madzi kapena kupukuta ndi nsalu yonyowa. Mapewa amatsukidwa akamayamba uve, nthawi zambiri kawiri pamwezi. Maso ndi njira zopota bwino zimapukutidwa ngati pakufunika. Masabata atatu aliwonse, zikhadabo zimadulidwa.
Makutu ndi mchira wa Doberman zitha kudulidwa m'maiko omwe sioletsedwa, popempha mwiniwake. Mchira umayimitsidwa pazaka zitatu ndi zitatu zakubadwa, zazifupi kwambiri kotero kuti ma vertebrae atatu enieni amawonekera. Makutu amadulidwa m'miyezi 3-4. Maonekedwe auricle akhoza kukhala osiyana: "kandulo", "muyezo", "wopindika". Kukhazikitsa makutu mutayima kumatenga 1 mpaka miyezi ingapo.
Zojambulajambula paulendo
Nobwino Doberman.
Mwiniyo mwiniyo amasankha mtundu wa chakudya choyenera kusiya: pazachilengedwe kapena zodala zopangidwa ndi anthu. Zosankha zonsezi ndi zovomerezeka, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti zakudya ndizokwanira komanso zofunikira. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi zopatsa mphamvu zimatengera malamulo komanso zochita za agalu.
Zakudya zachilengedwe zimapangidwa mwanjira yoti gawo limodzi la 1/3 limagwera nyama ndi nyama. Offal ndi owiritsa, nyama (ng'ombe kapena nkhuku) imatha kuzizira kapena scalded ndi madzi otentha.
2/3 yotsala ndi chimanga (hercules, mpunga, buckwheat), masamba, zipatso, zitsamba, mkaka. Zamasamba. Kamodzi pa sabata, nyama imasinthidwa ndi nsomba zam'nyanja zowiritsa. Nthawi ndi nthawi mumatha kupatsa mazira, chinangwa ndi mkate wouma.
Mukamasankha chakudya chopangidwa ndi anthu, muyenera kulabadira zopanga zapamwamba zokha kapena zamagulu onse, monga momwe izi ndizakudya zodzaza, sizifunikira kuwonjezera kapena kuyambitsa mavitamini ndi michere yowonjezera. Zakudya zoyenera zoweta zazikulu ndizazaka zoyenera. Kutumizira kumawerengeredwa ndi kulemera kutengera malingaliro omwe ali phukusi.
Zakudya za galu zizitentha (30-35 C). Mbale zimayikidwa pa zogwirizira kuti zitha kukhala pachifuwa. Sikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Madzi oyera nthawi zonse ayenera kupezeka mwaulere.
Zaumoyo ndi matenda.
M'mbuyomu, a Doberman nthawi zambiri samawona matenda obadwa nawo komanso zolakwika zosiyanasiyana, koma potchuka, anthu ambiri anayamba kubereka, kapena, kubereka agalu, popanda kupita nawo ku kuswana ndi genetics. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa matenda obadwa nawo kwawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo kukhala bwino kwa mtundu wonsewo kwawonjezeka. Matenda akuluakulu a Dobermans: matenda a mtima (cardiomyopathy), inversion ya m'mimba, dysplasia ya m'chiuno.
Matenda a khunyu, matenda a metabolic, ugonthi, zolakwika zamkati wam mano, kusokonezeka kwa magazi, kusakhazikika kwa khomo lachiberekero, kutsekemera kwapakati, cryptorchidism, narcolepsy sizachilendo.
Agalu ovomerezeka amalandira katemera molingana ndi njira zoyenera. Kuti mupeze ma pathologies apanthawi yake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa pachaka. Miyezi iliyonse ya 3-4 amakhala akuchita kusenda kwamkaka, ndipo ndikadzayamba kutentha ndi asanafike azizira amalimbana ndi majeremusi akunja. Chiyembekezo chamoyo nthawi zambiri chimakhala zaka 13 mpaka 13.
Kusankha mwana wa Doberman.
Mukamasankha mtundu uliwonse, muyenera kusankha: ndindani kwenikweni. Doberman ikhoza kukhala galu wa ntchito, banja kapena masewera. Ponena za kugonana, zingwe zimakonda kwambiri nyumba komanso zanyumba. Ndi zingwe, ndizovuta pang'ono kubweretsa ndikumvera. Pamaso ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa galu (American kapena European), komanso mtundu (bulauni kapena wakuda).
Kusankha ana agalu kumayambira posankha woweta ndi makolo. Mutha kuyendera ziwonetsero zingapo zazikulu, kucheza pazokambirana kapena kulumikizana ndi kalabu. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana makolo a mwana wa ana agalu akuntchito komanso m'malo abwinobwino pabanja, kuwunika momwe adamangidwira ndikusungidwa.
Kunja, ana agalu ayenera kukhala athanzi ndi tsitsi loyera komanso maso owoneka bwino. Kulemera kwa mwana kwa miyezi 2 ndi 4.5-6 kg ndipo pamsika uwu ndiomwe amatsimikiza kutsatira mtunduwo (mtundu, mawonekedwe, kuchuluka, kuluma, ma testes). Mutha kunyamula ana osakwana zaka 2-3. Wofesayo ayenera kupereka metric kwa ana agalu ndi chiphaso chazanyama, zomwe zikuwonetsa katemera wopangidwa ndi zaka. Ana agalu sayenera kukhala amantha kapena okwiya, zomwe zimapangitsa pakadali pano ndichodabwitsa, kusewera komanso kucheza.
Doberman wabwino sangakhale wotsika mtengo. Tengani galu pamsika wa mbalame kapena m'manja mwanu ma ruble 5000-8000. - lottery. M'malo osungira ana, mtengo wa ana agalu wamba ndi 15,000-20000 rubles. Kulonjeza ana kuti akuswana ndikuwonetsa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndalama zokwana 35,000 rubles.
Chithunzi cha ana agalu
Ubwino ndi zoyipa.
Ubwino wa Doberman ndi:
+ Bwenzi lokhulupirika ndi mlonda wodalirika,
+ Galu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owala,
+ Kutha kuphunzira mwaluso,
+ Wosavomerezeka,
+ Kusungunula modekha,
+ Ndi mnzake wokulera bwino pamasewera a ana,
Zoyipa zake zikuphatikiza
- Amafuna maphunziro akulu,
-Siyenera kukhala galu wachinyamata,
- Kufunika koyenda tsiku lililonse nyengo iliyonse,
- Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mavuto amtima.
Mbiri yakale yakubadwa
Dobermans pedigree idayamba kutsatiridwa pokhapokha agalu atayamba kuchita nawo ziwonetsero. Mitunduyi idadulidwa kuti ingopeza ntchito yabwino. Chifukwa cha zovuta zoyendera, mbewuyo idalandidwa chifukwa chodutsa anthu oyamba.
Kuyambira pakati pa zaka zana zapitazo, akatswiri adayamba kugwira ntchito kukonza mtundu, ndipo kusintha kwa machitidwe amitundu kunayamba kuchitika posachedwa. Matendawa adadzipatsa ulemu a Dobermann Friedrich Louis, yemwe, popanda luso laukadaulo, wakhala akuchita kuswana kwa mtunduwu kwa zaka 25. Amangofunika galu wolimba ndi wokhulupirika, popeza amagwira ntchito ngati sapota wausiku komanso wamsonkho. Chifukwa chake, maziko a ntchito yawo yoweta idakhazikitsidwa cholinga chotenga galu wokongola wopanda mantha yemwe angathe kuphunzitsidwa mosavuta.
Tsoka ilo, m'nthawi yathu ino, zidziwitso zirizonse zamtundu wanji zomwe munthuyu adagwiritsa ntchito kuswana zimasowa kwathunthu. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizodziwika bwino kuti chifukwa chogulitsa ntchito, ana adawoneka kuti, malinga ndi zomwe adalemba, sizikugwirizana ndi a Dobermans. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri adavomereza kuti Frederick adagwiritsa ntchito agalu ngati Rottweiler, Weinmaraner, Shepherd, Hound, Pinscher ndi Great Dane pantchito yake.
Chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa Friedrich Dobermann, galu wolimba, womangidwa mwamasewera komanso wokongola adawona kuwala. Anayamba kufanana ndi mtundu wamakono. Pakupita nthawi, Otto Geller adayamba kugwira ntchito pamakhalidwe oyenda, yomwe inali ndi zida za agalu a Von Thuringen ku Anold.
Chosangalatsa kudziwa! Ma Dobermans ndiofala kwambiri ku Europe ndi maiko ena, chifukwa cha Otto Geller. Izi zimapezeka koyamba ku Russia kokha mu 1902.
Kufotokozera kwa miyendo ya mtundu
Kutsogolo kwa ma Dobermans kumasiyanitsidwa ndikuti akuwongolera kutsogolo, pomwe mbali yakumbuyo imakanikizidwa pachifuwa ndikuwongolera kumbuyo. Manja ndiakulu komanso olimba, kuphatikizira zotanuka komanso zazifupi. Kutsogolo kwake ndi kwamisempha, youma komanso yokutidwa.
Miyendo yakumbuyo imapangidwanso bwino, pomwe imasiyanasiyana pamaso pa ntchafu, minofu yofanana komanso yotakata. Mahatchiwo ndi amphamvu komanso owuma. Tibia ndi yayitali, koma imakonda. Kuyenda kwa galu ndiwopepuka komanso kotanuka, komanso kwaulere komanso kusesa, ndipo a Dobermans amathamanga mwachangu, omasuka komanso okongola kwambiri.
Kubala zopunduka
Zoyipa za Dobermans zikuphatikiza zinthu izi:
- Chovala chofewa komanso cha wavy.
- Kukhalapo kwa kusoka mumtundu wina.
- Kukhalapo kwa undercoat wonenepa komanso wotchulidwa.
- Amble.
- Zokocha zimayang'aniridwa bwino, mbali zazikulupo sizolondola, komanso kupezeka kwa zala zopindulitsa.
- Zidutswa za Elbow zopindika ,lublubot.
- Minofu yofooka.
- Malo a chifuwa ndi lathyathyathya, okhala ngati mbiya kapena yopapatiza.
- Maso akuchulukira, ndipo khosi limakhala lakuda komanso lalifupi.
Nthawi zina, zolakwika zapatsogolo zimawonekera pakuwonekera kwa mbali yakutsogolo, kusowa kwa kusintha kapena kusintha kwa mutu, wamfupi koma wolemera, kupezeka kwa masaya, kupezeka kwa muzzle lakuthwa, makutu otsika, milomo yolimba, ndi zina zambiri.