Monoclone : "buluzi wa nyanga imodzi"
Nthawi ya kukhalapo: kutha kwa Cretaceous - zaka 70-65 miliyoni zapitazo
Gulu: Nkhuku
Dongosolo: Mankhwala othandizira
Zodziwika za akatswiri othandizira:
- anayenda miyendo inayi
- idadya zamasamba
- nyanga ndi mapanga amfupa adazivala kumutu
- chizungulire chidatha ndi mulomo ngati parrot
Sayizi:
kutalika - 3 m
kutalika - 1,5 m
kulemera - 500 kg.
Chakudya: dinosaur wa herbivorous
Tazindikira: 1914 Canada
Dzinalo "monoclone" limamasuliridwa kuti "buluzi wam nyanga imodzi." Dinowa adalandira dzinali chifukwa - mosiyana ndi achibale ake ena - anali ndi nyanga imodzi. Kuphatikiza pa lipenga, monoclone anali ndi mulomo wofanana ndi mulomo wa parrot, ndipo kolala inali ndi chishango. Khola lidateteza malo osowa kwambiri - khosi. Thupi lawo linali lalifupi, linali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulika, oima molimba miyendo inayi yolimba. Mchirawo ndi waufupi. Maso a monoclone ndi okhazikika. Mano amakonzedwa mumizere: izi zikuwonetsa herbivore ya dinosaur. Malinga ndi kakulidwe ndi njira zovalira mano, asayansi akuweruza kuti nsagwada zinagwira ntchito ngati lumo, kudula masamba m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Khungu la ma dinosaurs okhala ndi nyanga ndilopakasa, lokhala ndi minda yambiri yosagwirizana ndi polygonal.
Monoclone ankakhala ku North America koyambirira kwa Cretaceous. Monoclone adakhala ndi moyo pambuyo protoceratops, koma kale kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya ma ceratops. Anali dokotala wazomera wowongolera kutsogoleredwa ndi gulu lankhondo. Magulu amtendere amtendere adayang'ana m'mphepete mwa dziwe, pomwe panali zakudya zambiri zomwe amafunikira.
Mafupa abwino kwambiri amapezeka mu 1914 pa nthawi yomwe New York American Museum of Natural History imatulutsidwa. Zotsalazo zinali ku Canada, Alberta. Mtundu wa monoclone unali wofunikira pa sayansi chifukwa chimalola kumveketsa bwino momwe ma ceratops amaonekera.
Monoclonius
† Monoclonius | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gulu la asayansi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Archosauromorphs |
Malo: | † Ma Ceratops |
Subfamily: | † Centrifuge |
Jenda: | † Monoclonius |
zaka miliyoni | Nthawi | Era | Aeon |
---|---|---|---|
2,588 | Ngakhale | ||
Ka | F ndi n e R za s za th | ||
23,03 | Neogene | ||
66,0 | Paleogen | ||
145,5 | chidutswa | M e s za s za th | |
199,6 | Yura | ||
251 | Triassic | ||
299 | Chilolezo | P ndi l e za s za th | |
359,2 | Carbon | ||
416 | Chiheboni | ||
443,7 | Silur | ||
488,3 | Ordovician | ||
542 | Cambrian | ||
4570 | Precambrian |
Monoclonius (lat., kwenikweni - mphukira imodzi) ndi mtundu wa ma dinosaurs a herbivorous ochokera ku banja la ceratopsid. Zotsalazo zidapezeka pang'onopang'ono zaka za Upper Cretaceous (zaka 83.6-70.6 zapitazo), komanso kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Judith River Fform (zaka 77-75 miliyoni zapitazo) ya ku Montana (USA).
Mbiri yakafukufuku
Zinthu zoyamba zakale Monoclonius zidapezeka ndi a Edward Cope ndi a Charles Sternberg mchilimwe cha 1876. Fossil zotsalazo zinali ndi nyanga yamafiti 325 mm, mbali ya kolala yokhala ndi mabatani akulu, zibwano zingapo, vertebrae ndi akazi awiri, zopezeka zonsezi zidapangidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Komabe, mu 1889 yekha, Cope adafotokoza Monoclonius ngati dinosaur yatsopano yokhala ndi nyanga limodzi pamphuno pake ndi kolala yokhala ndi mabowo. Mu 1895, pazachuma, Cope adakakamizidwa kuti agulitse zambiri zamsonkizo wake ku American Museum of Natural History, kuti zotsatira zake zonse Monoclonius analandira manambala a hesolo a AMNH. Mu 1912, a Barnum Brown adapeza chigaza chokhala ndi nyanga yolowera kutsogolo (sampu AMNH 5239), yomwe mu 1914 idapatukana.
Kuyambira mu 1914, mikangano yasayansi yokhudza mgwirizano wa antchito yayamba Monoclonius ndi Centrosaurus. Mu 1933, Richard Sven Lally adalongosola chigaza chatsopano kuchokera ku Alberta (chitsanzo AMNH 5341), ponena za mtunduwo Monoclonius flexus, ndi chinanso china (CMN 348), nthawi yomweyo kusinthanso mawonekedwe Centrosaurus apertus at Monoclonius apertus. Mu 1937, wofufuza malo wina dzina lake Charles Sternberg m'chigawo cha Alberta (Canada) adapeza chigaza chokwanira ku Alberta, chomwe pakadali pano chimangokhala mtundu wake wokha. Mu 1940, A M. Sternberg, kutsatira chikhalidwe chomwe adakhazikitsa, adatchulanso mitundu ina iwiri yazotengera zigamba zatsopano - Monoclonius lowei (Mwachitsanzo NMC 8790) ndi Monoclonius longirostris (mwachitsanzo CMN 8795).
Mu 1997, katswiri wina wa ku Canada, dzina lake Scott Samson, adachita kafukufuku wa ku Montana ndipo adawona kuti maziko Monoclonius crassus ndi mwana [ chiti? ] zitsanzo motero amataya zovomerezeka. Kuyambira 2006, wofufuzayo Michael Ryan adaganizira zamtunduwu Monoclonius ndikuganiza nomen dubium, ndipo mitundu yonse imazindikiridwa ngati magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko cha mtundu umodzi Centrosaurus apertus (kutengera kuti zigawo zake zidapezeka, koma palibe mafupa athunthu). Komabe, Monoclonius imawonedwa ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha, koma mitundu yake yambiri imapatsidwa kale mtundu wina, kapena imayenderana ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu Monoclonius.
Ma Ceratops
Ma Ceratops (mu Chilatini "nkhope yokhala ndi nyanga") - ma dinosaurs akuluakulu, opumira, komanso nyanga yomwe imatuluka pamphuno (ndipo nthawi zina osati kokha) ndi kolala yamfupa. Monga momwe wolamulira wankhanza amakhala mdyerekezi wokhala ndi chilengedwe cha Mesozoic, ndipo sauropod wokhala ndi njovu, ma ceratopsops amayeseza mtundu wa chipembere - herbivore, koma woipa komanso wosachedwa kupsa mtima, atapendekeka ndi theka komanso atangothamangira kukamwa. Zoyenera kuchita: zikuwoneka kuti anali otere.
Mukuyenera kudziwa kuti malinga ndi malembedwe achilatini, mawu enieni mu "ceratops" ndi zotengera zimayikidwa pa A. Komabe, ku Russia, pazifukwa zachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amasunthira ku syllable yomaliza - ngakhale Nikolai Nikolayevich ananyozedwa pakupanga "Walk ndi Dinosaurs". Komabe, zikuwoneka ngati "troperatops" kukhala "zachilengedwe" - "protocerat" iliyonse imawoneka yachilengedwe kwa aliyensezaps. "
Kufotokozera
Amakhulupirira kuti ma monoclonies adafika kutalika kwa 5.5-6 m ndi kulemera kwa 2-2.3 t. Maonekedwe, amafanana Stiracosaurus, Brachyceratops, ndi Pachyrhinosaurus. Chovala chake ndi chigaza (kutalika kwa 75-80 cm) ndi nyanga imodzi yayikulu pamphuno, kolala yokhala ndi mkombero ili ndi "mbedza" zazikulu kumtunda. Nyanga zapamwamba ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo sizimafikira kukula kwakukulu. Nsagwazo sizinathe kutafuna chakudya, koma zinangotukuka ndikusintha pogaya masamba olimba. Miyendo ya dinosauryi inali yochepa komanso yopanda minofu.
Moyo ndi Malo
Munakhala zigwa. Kupeza zotsalira zingapo ku Canada kumalola ofufuza kunena kuti Monoclonius anali ziweto zamagulu ndipo amayenda m'magulu akulu. Tidadya masamba osaphika.
Derali ndi gawo lamadera amakono kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa United States ndi zigawo za Canada zomwe zimadutsa.