Nyama zamakono zasungiratu mitundu iwiri yokha ya nyama - imodzi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States, ina ku China. Mitundu iwiri iyi yokhudzana ndi nyama zonse zamtunduwu imakhala ndi zofananira zambiri zakunja ndi mawonekedwe, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo. "Mchina" ndiwakukulu kwambiri kukula kwa wachibale wake waku America, koma amakhala ndi "chitetezo chokwanira" chokwanira - thupi lake limakutidwa ndi zishango zambiri - ngakhale mbali yakumaso ndiyotetezedwa.
Komabe, izi sizinapulumutse wogwirizanitsa aku China kuti azizunzidwa ndi adani akunja, makamaka anthu. Ochulukirapo mbuyomu, nyamazo zili moipa kwambiri, pakadali pano anthu akukakhala kakang'ono kwambiri kumwera chakum'mawa kwa China.

Izi zimakonda kutchedwa "alligator" zaku China, koma nthawi zina ng'ona ya Yangtze imagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mayina angapo aku China, omwe amatanthauza "China alligator" kapena "alligator".
Malongosoledwe asayansi a Chinese alligator adalembedwa mu 1879 pansi pa dzinali Alligator sinensis (sinensis - "Chinese"). Sanathetse bwino kukula, mosiyana ndi Mississippi alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Amuna achimuna akulu kwambiri achi China omwe adagwa m'manja mwa asayansi amatalika masentimita 220, pomwe kukula kwake sikutanthauza kupitirira mita imodzi ndi theka ndikulemera mpaka 40 kg. Zachikazi ndizocheperanso - ngwazi imafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 170, koma nthawi zambiri samakula kuposa 120-140 cm.
Zambiri zaku China zachidziwitso zimatchulanso alligators aku China opitilira mamitala atatu, koma sizikudziwika kuti malipoti oterowo ndi owona. Titha kungonena motsimikiza kuti "zilombo" zotere sizikupezeka.

Malo opangira ma China amatha kukumana kuthengo kokha m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Yangtze, mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific ku China. Izi zokwawa zimakhala m'malo otentha komanso kotentha, zimakhala m'malo osungirako madzi, maiwe, nyanja, mitsinje yamadzi abwino ndi mitsinje. Madzi amchere amapewedwa chifukwa chosowa njira ya mchere yogwiritsira ntchito mchere mthupi.
M'nyengo yozizira, amabisala m'makola akuya ndikugona pang'ono kuti adikire nthawi yosavomerezeka mu mtundu "wapansi" momwe matenthedwe satsika madigiri 10. C. Komanso, nthawi zambiri amakumana m'magulu a anthu angapo pabowo limodzi. Ndikakhala ndi masiku a masika, zipatso zonse zimangodzuka ndikudutsa padzuwa ndikukayamba moyo wabwinobwino.
Popeza nyamazo zimalandidwa makina amagetsi otsogola thupi, zimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pazolinga izi - ngati zili zozizira - zimadzuka kuti zizitentha madzi osaya, ngati kuli kotentha - zimasunthira kumthunzi kapena m'malo akuya kwambiri. Monga zokwawa zonse, iwo amakonda kunyowetsera dzuwa ngati madzi ali ozizira.

M'masiku akale, izi zapamwamba zomwe zinkakhala kumadera ena a China, komanso Korea, koma m'zaka zapitazi adazunzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu, kudagwa kwambiri.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji anthu amazunzidwa mwankhanza ndi ang'ono awa ndipo osatinso nkhwawa zaukali? Kupatula apo, m'mimba yokutidwa ndi "milingo" yamafupa imapangitsa khungu la ng'ona izi kukhala zosayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazovala zachikopa, ndipo mawonekedwe osavulaza, sayenera kudzetsa chidani ndi kuzunzidwa kwathunthu. Koma achichaina, monga mukudziwa, amakonda mpunga, omwe amabzala minda yokutidwa ndi madzi. Pazifukwa izi, pambuyo povuta pothirira komanso ngalande, malo osungirako madzi ndi abwino. Koma, monga tikudziwa, madambo oterewa ndi malo omwe mbalame za China zimakonda kukhala nazo, zomwe, pazifukwa zomveka, alimi amathamangitsa nyumba zawo komanso kuwonongedwa kwambiri, kuti asasokoneze ulimi. Poizoni, omwe alimi adawononga makoswe ndi makoswe ena m'minda, adadzetsa zowonongeka kwa nyama zamtchire - onse omwe amadya nyama yapoizoni adamwaliranso.
Kuphatikiza pa mpunga, achi China amakondanso zakudya zosowa, chifukwa nyama yankhuku imakonda kukongoletsa phwando la anthu akumaloko, ndipo inkakhalaponso pamndandanda wa malo odyera ambiri aku China.
Nyama ya makina opangira ku China sanayamikirepo kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kosangalatsa ndi machitidwe ake am'mimba, monga zida zamachiritso zomwe zimapatsidwa mphekesera zachikhalidwe. Amakhulupirira kuti kudya nyama yaziromboti kumathandiza kuchiritsa matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo khansa. Kuzunzidwa ndi obereketsa mpunga, ochiritsa ndi ma gourati kunapangitsa kuti nyamazo ziwonongeke kwathunthu - malinga ndi akatswiri ena, anthu opitilira 200 ochokera ku China adangokhala kuthengo.
Zotsatira zachisoni za zochita zamphamvu za anthu.

M'mawonekedwe, izi zimawoneka ngati buluzi wamkulu kwambiri, makamaka khanda. Nzosadabwitsa kuti mawu oti "alligator" amachokera El Lagarto, lomwe m'Chisipanishi limatanthawuza "buluzi". Ili ndi nkhope yopepuka poyerekeza ndi nkhope ya Mississippi (yaku America), ndipo nsonga yake imakwezedwa pang'ono, ngati kuti izi ndi zopanda pake. Phokoso ndilofupikirapo, pazikope zakumaso ndi kumbuyo kwa maso pali ma bamba ossified (mosiyana ndi allissator wa Mississippian). Kuphatikiza apo, mano a alligator aku China amapunthidwa pang'ono, kotero kuti imatha kukucha makoko a zipolopolo, omwe amapanga maziko azakudya zamtunduwu. Chiwerengero cha mano paliponse ndi 72-76.
Thupi, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, lidakutidwa kwathunthu ndi mbale yamafupa, yomwe imapangitsa khungu kukhala lopanda phindu. Mchira wake ndi wamphamvu, umagwira ntchito monga wowongolera ndi wowongolera poyenda m'madzi.

Mtundu wa ma alligators aku China ndi wachikasu, kumutu kwakanthawi (pakati pa milomo yotsika) pamakhala malo amdima, nthawi zina amakhala ndi hue yamagazi. Achinyamata ali ndi utoto wowoneka bwino - ali ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu pakatikati (mikwingwirima isanu) ndi mikwingwirima isanu ndi itatu pamchira. Ndi zaka, mtundu wawo umazirala ndipo amayamba kusiyanasiyana.

Zofalikiridwa ndi kugona kwa dzira. Pakati pa chilimwe, nthawi itatha nyengo yamvula ikatha, nthawi yakukhwima imayamba ndi onse aku China. Amuna ndi amtala, amatha kuphatikiza akazi angapo. Ndizachidziwikire kuti kukopa "akwatibwi" amatulutsa fungo losalala, lomwe limatulutsanso chinsalu chapadera pansi pa nsagwada yapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zomwe zimakonda kunyengedwa ndi kuyitanidwa kwa akazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ng'ona - amuna amapanga mawu okuluwika, komanso zofunikira zina zomwe khutu la munthu silitenga.
Zachikazi, zokopa amuna, zimagwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo - zimakopa okondedwa wawo, posonyeza kukonzeka kukwatirana.

Pakati pa mwezi wa Julayi, zazikazi zimapanga zisa za udzu ndi zinyalala zamasamba m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena madzi ena, osakhala patali. Amapanga meta kutalika kwamamita ndi mawalo awo ndikuyika mazira ang'onoang'ono 40 mu kukhumudwa pamutu, ndikuwaphimba ndi udzu. Pa nthawi ya makulidwe, akazi nthawi zambiri amayendera ma clutch, amawateteza kwa adani - makoswe amtunda, adani ena osiyanasiyana, mbalame, ngakhalenso akuluakulu akuluakulu.
Pakatha masiku 70, mu Seputembala, ana amatenga mazira ndi kupumira, ndikupereka chizindikiro kwa chachikazi kuti nthawi yakwana kuwachotsa mu chisa. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimathandizira kuti ana azibadwa mwa kugudubuza mazira pansi ndi kupondaponda ndi zipolopolo zawo. Makanda atabereka, wamkazi amawanyamula kupita nawo kumadzi ndikuwasamalira mwana wawo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kugonana kwa ana kumatengera kutentha komwe makulitsidwe adachitika - ngati anali okwera, amuna amabadwa, ngati otsika - azimayi. Mpandawo wovuta kutentha ndi madigiri 31. C, ndiye kuti, ngati zichitika, ndiye kuti ana ake adzakhala "abambo", ndipo mosemphanitsa. Ngati mazira amatenga magawo otsika kwambiri, ana amatha kukhala achikazi kwathunthu. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nyama zomwe ali mu ukapolo kumafika zaka 70 (pafupifupi, mpaka zaka 40). Kutchire, nyama za ku China zonse sizikhala ndi zaka 50.

Wotsogola yemwe amakonda kupezako chakudya mumdima. Chakudya cha nyama zam'madzi izi ndizovala zam'madzi - nkhono, maussel, ndi nsomba. Monga ng'ona zina zonse, olimira ku China samasamala mu zakudya zawo - amatha kudya makoswe, mbalame ndi nyama zina zopezeka, ndipo ngakhale zovunda.
Palibe milandu yokhudza anthu yomwe yalembedwa, koma, monga zosefera zonse zopindika, ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala.

Nyama izi zimalekerera ukapolo bwino, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama komanso malo osungira madzi am'madzi. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa oyambitsa ku China kubereka muukapolo, panali chiyembekezo chobwezeretsanso anthu, ndipo kuyesa kwazinthuzi kwadzetsa zotsatira zabwino - nyama zambiri zomasulidwa kupita ku ufulu zidapulumuka bwino.
Komabe, pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa masamba onse aku China kuli pafupi kutha, ndipo adalembedwa mndandanda wa IUCN Red List CR - pafupi kutha.

Kufotokozera

Zoweta za ku China zotuwa zachikaso zokhala ndi mawanga akuda patsinde. Mimba yake imvi. Zilonda zazifupi, zazifupi. Kutsogolo kwake kulibe chosambira. Mchirawo ndi wautali, wopambana, ndiye chinthu chachikulu choyendetsa m'madzi. Mbali zam'munsi ndi zotsika za thupi zimakutidwa ndi zikopa za bony zotchingira chitetezo. Pali magawo atatu a flipital lalikulu. Pakati pa thupi pali mizere isanu ndi umodzi ya zotupa za dorsal. Monga nthumwi zonse za banja la alligator, dzino lachitatu pachiwono chakumaso silikuwoneka ndi pakamwa lotsekeka. Monga caimans, pamakhala zotupa m'miyendo, ndipo mbali yamkati imatetezedwa ndi mafupa. Zochitika zaposachedwa zimawasiyanitsa ndi wachibale wawo wapamtima kwambiri - the alligator waku America.

Achinyamata ndi ofanana ndi achikulire, koma amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu pathupi lonse. Pa avareji, pali mikwingwirima isanu pamthupi, isanu ndi itatu pamchira. Akamakula, maguluwa amapita pang'onopang'ono.

Kutalika kwamphongo kumatha kufika 2.2 m kuchokera pamphuno mpaka kumchira, koma nthawi zambiri sikapitirira 1.5 mimayi imafikira kutalika kwa 1.7 m, kutalika kwa pafupifupi mamitala 1.4. Mbiri yakale, nyama mpaka 3 m kutchulidwa. koma malipoti awa sanatsimikizidwe.

Chiyembekezo chamoyo chazaka zoposa 50.

Kufalitsa

Pakadali pano, alligator achi China amakhala kokha m'chigwa cha Yangtze River pagombe lakummawa kwa China (zigawo za Anhui ndi Zhejiang). Nthawi ina, pamene kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu zamtunduwu kunali kokulirapo, madera ake amatenga gawo lalikulupo. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa ma alligator aku China kuyambira 3000 BC, ndipo madera ena a China komanso Korea adawonetsedwa pazinthu izi. Mu 1998, asayansi amawerengetsa kuti pazaka 12 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa Chinese alligator kwatsika kangapo ka 10.

Amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha, m'm mitsinje yatsopano ndi malo osungira.

24.11.2018

The alligator aku China (lat.Alligator sinensis) ndi a banja la Alligator (Alligatoridae). Mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Red Book of the International Union for the Conservation of Natural ndipo imadziwika kuti ili pafupi kuwonongedwa kwathunthu.

Kuthengo, malinga ndi kuyerekeza kopitilira muyeso, nyama zosakwana 150 zapulumuka. M'malo osungirako nyama ndi malo osungirako ena pafupifupi 800- 900 za ng'ona izi. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, China idachitapo kanthu pamlingo waboma kuti zitsitsimutse mitunduyi, zomwe zidayambitsa kuchuluka pang'ono koma kosasunthika kwa anthu.

Malo angapo osungirako akaidi akhazikitsidwa. Yaikulu kwambiri ndi Anhui Research Center ya Chinese Alligator Reproduction, komwe akukonzekera kukulitsa ming'alu yoposa 10,000 m'zaka makumi zikubwerazi ndikuzisintha kuti zikapitirize kukhalanso kuthengo.

Pakadali pano, ndi ana mazana ochepa okha omwe amatha bwino.

Khalidwe

Amakhala moyo wosamala kwambiri, wobisalira nyama zam'madzi. Ma alligators aku China amabisala kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (kumapeto kwa Okutobala) mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March (Epulo-Epulo), pomwe kutentha kwachepa kwambiri. Pakadali pano, mabowo amakumbidwa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yosungirako pafupifupi mita 1, 1.5 m mulitali ndi mita 0.3. Burrows amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pachaka. Nthawi zina mizere imakhala yayikulu kuti ikhoza kukhala malo opanga ma forigator angapo. Mwezi wa Epulo, amasiya zogona zawo ndi dzuwa pazilumba kuti akweze kutentha. Kutentha kukayamba kufunika (mu Juni), amasinthira ku moyo wabwinobwino usiku. Madzi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi: magawo otentha otenthetsera kutentha ndi malo amtsitsi kuti atsitse.

Ma alligators aku China amawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi a oimira bata pamagulu a ng’ona, ndipo amangoluma munthu kuti adziteteze.

Kufalitsa

Pakadali pano, malo omwe amakhala ndi Yangtze River Delta ndi malo ake. Ili pagombe la Pacific kumadera a Anhui, Zhejiang ndi Jiangxi m'malo omwe kuli nyengo yotentha komanso yamapiri.

Wachinthiwe wa ku China amakhala m'madambo, m'madziwe, m'madzi ndi m'mitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono kumwera kwa Yangtze kuchokera ku Penjie County kupita ku nyanja ya Taihu yopanda madzi. Madambo ambiri m'derali amasandutsidwa minda ya mpunga, choncho zokwawa zimakhala m'malo ozungulira mafamu.

Pafupifupi zaka 7000 zapitazo, mitunduyi idafalikira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa China komanso Peninsula ya Korea. M'zaka za XIX, mtundu wake udachepetsedwa kukhala boma lakelo chifukwa cha ulimi.

Ochepa ochepa amabweretsedwa mu Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, yomwe ili kumpoto kwa boma la US ku Louisiana. Ku USA, amaleredwanso ku Bronx Zoo (New York) komanso ku St. Augustine Alligator Farm ku Florida.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Nyama zonse zimadya usiku. Akuluakulu amadya nkhanu zamadzi zatsopano, nsomba, njoka, zinyalala, achule, nyama zazing'ono zazikazi ndi mafoni am'madzi. Zoyambitsa zazing'ono zazing'ono zimadya tizilombo ndi tating'ono tina tating'ono. Ali ku ukapolo, amadya nsomba, mbewa, makoswe, nyama ndi mbalame.

Khalidwe

Zowonjezera za ku China zimakhala moyo wawekha. Nyama zimakumana limodzi nthawi yakukhwima kuti zibereke. Amakhala osamala kwambiri ndipo amayesa kupewa kuyanjana ndi munthu, chifukwa chake amakhala otakataka usiku.

Akuluakulu aliyense amatenga malo ake okhala. Amamuwuza ufulu wake mofuula. Zomveka zomwezo zimapangidwa kuti zikope anzawo. Ng'ona nthawi zonse imayimba "nyimbo" yake osagona kwa mphindi 10.

M'nyengo yozizira, repitles hibernate.

Zimatenga kumapeto kwa Okutobala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Pakusala nyengo yozizira, zirombo zobiriwira zimakumba mabowo m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo. Zimagona pafupi ndi mita imodzi ndipo zimatha kufikira 20 m kutalika. Dawo lawo ndi 30-50 cm.

M'malo oteramo, kutentha nthawi yachisanu kumakhala pamwamba pa 10 ° C. Nthawi zina osakhala amodzi, koma nyama zingapo zimayamba kuzizira.

Pazoweta za pamtunda zimasankhidwa kawirikawiri. Amadya chilichonse chomwe angathe kupeza. Zakudya zawo zimayendetsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yam'madzi, crustaceans ndi amphibians. Gawo laling'ono kwambiri lomwe limakhala ndi nsomba, makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi mafoni am'madzi.

Kuswana

Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mu Juni, mwezi umodzi kuyambira nthawi yamvula. Amuna ndi akazi onse amalira posaka wokwatirana naye. Mano ena okongola ndi kutulutsa kwa musk pansi pa nsagwada yam'munsi, yomwe imapatsa fungo lodziwika. Matenga amachitika m'madzi. Amuna ndi amtala - amatha kusamalira akazi angapo nthawi yayitali.

Mu Julayi, zazimayi zimayala udzu m'maudzu m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Dzira litagona mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti. Ali ndi miyendo yake yakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, amapanga mulu wa masamba owuma ndi udzu pafupifupi 1 mita.Nthaka nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa pafupi ndi burrows, kotero amayi amatha kukhala pafupi ndi nthawi yakutseka. Kuphatikiza apo, yaikazi yomwe ili pachimake pamwamba pa phiripo imayika mazira 10 mpaka 40 (kuchuluka kwake ndi 47) ndikuwaphimba ndi udzu. Mazira ali ndi chipolopolo choyera, cholimba, chowoneka bwino, pakati pa 35.4 × 60.5 mm, kulemera kwa 44.6 g.

Akazi nthawi zambiri amayendera chisa ndikuchitchinjiriza kwa adani, pomwe amuna samatenga nawo gawo. Ana athu amapezeka mu Seputembala (nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga pafupifupi masiku 70). Amva chakudyacho, chachikazi chimaswa gawo lakumtunda ndikunyamula ana'wo kumadzi. Zitha kuthandizanso khomalo pachigubuduza dzira pansi kapena kukanikiza pa chipolopolo. Yaikazi imakhalabe ndi ana ake nthawi yozizira yoyamba. Mwana wosamwa amakhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi 30 gramu ndi kutalika pafupifupi 21 cm. Mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo, mitengo ya kukula ndiyambiri. Amafika msinkhu wazaka 4-5.

Zowopsa ndi kuzimiririka

The alligator aku China ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha kuthengo chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwawoko ndi chiwonongeko chachindunji ndipo akuphatikizidwa ndi International Red Book. Komabe, the alligator ndiwopezeka muukapolo ndipo anthu pafupifupi 10,000 amapezeka m'malo osungira nyama padziko lapansi, malo osungirako nyama kapena malo osungirako anthu wamba. Makamaka, anthu angapo adayambitsidwa mderalo. Nyama zakutchire kum'mwera kwa US Louisiana. Kuswana bwino kwachitika mobwerezabwereza ku Shanghai Zoo, komwe mu 1980, ana onse obadwa kumene 12 adalandiridwa.

Imatetezedwa ku China, komwe malo osungirako zachilengedwe angapo adapangidwa.

Poona kuti zikafika zaka 4-5 mbalame zonse zimatha kubereka ndipo zazikazi zimatha kubereka chaka chilichonse, kubereka kwamtunduwu ndikokwera kwambiri.

CHIFUKWA CHIYANI BWINO INA BUKU LA RED

Chinese alligator ndi mitundu yosowa kwambiri. malinga ndi asayansi, m'chilengedwe muli mitundu 200 yokha yobwezeretseka. Zifukwa zazikulu zakuchuluka kwa ziwerengero ndizakuwopa ndikugwira mamba chifukwa cha malonda. Nyama ya theigigator yaku China kuyambira kale inali yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu akumaloko. Amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumatha kuchiritsa chimfine komanso kupewa khansa. Ziwalo zina za alligator zimawonedwa ngati zachifundo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kwa nthawi yayitali, alimi aku China adawona kuti nyamazo ndizowopsa kwa nyama zapakhomo ndikuziwononga mwakabwinobwino. Chinanso chowonjezera chophatikiza zimayambitsa tanthauzo lenileni la mawuwa ndikulimbana ndi makoswe mothandizidwa ndi ziphe. Kuphatikiza apo, ndimakolo omwe ali amodzi mwa zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa nthawi zonse kwa chakudya.

Masiku ano, akuyesera kuti abwezeretse ng'ona zokhala mu ukapolo m'malo awo achilengedwe. Komabe, nthawi zonse samachita bwino. Mwachilungamo, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti mu ukapolo, obwezeretsa amamva bwino kwambiri. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akukhala mlengalenga kumafika mpaka 10,000. Ochulukirapo a iwo ali mu Center Center for the Reproduction of the Chinese Alligator, komanso m'malo ena osamalira nyama aku China. Anthu angapo a ng’ona zaku China adalowetsedwa ku gawo la American Rockefeller Wildlife Reserve ku Louisiana.

PAMENE AMAKHALA

M'masiku akale, alligator anali ambiri m'malo ambiri a China. Koma posachedwa, dera la magawo ake latsika kwambiri - pazaka 12 zapitazi, pafupifupi nthawi 10. Masiku ano, malobulowa amakhala ku Yangtze River Basin, komwe kuli zigawo zitatu zaku China. Imapezeka kokha m'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa China, kokha m'matupi amadzi abwino. Malo ambiri osungirako omwe ma China amapangidwira dzulo adasandulika masheke a mpunga lero.

Ma alligator achi China amapulumuka bwino komanso kubereka ali mu ukapolo

MUNGAPEZE ZOSANGALATSA

The alligator Wachinayi ndi sing'anga, wina akhoza kunena kuti, ng'ona yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi lake nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1.5 m, koma munthu aliyense payekha amafikira 2.2 m. Amakhala ndi thupi lalikulu la squat, zazifupi komanso mchira wautali, womwe umathandiza kuyenda momasuka m'malire a madzi. Mtundu wonse wa khungu ndi imvi. Thupi lonse lakumaso limakutidwa ndi zophuka - mtundu wa zida zoteteza. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, pamakhala mipendero ya mafupa yomwe imapangitsa kuti mtunduwu ukhale wogwirizana ndi caiman. Pakamwa pa alligator ya ku China ndikatsekeka, dzino lake lachinayi silikuwoneka, limasiyana bwanji ndi mitundu ina yamingwe.

LIFESTYLE NDI BIOLOGY

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, azungu a ku China amabisalanso. Munthawi imeneyi, nyama zimakumba ngalande m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi akuya pafupifupi mita imodzi, 1.5 mita ndi mulifupi ndi 0,3. Zodzoladzola zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito burr nthawi zina pachaka. Nthawi zina amakhala okwanira kuti athe kukhala pabwino kwa owonjezera angapo. Pambuyo podzuka, amasambira padzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuwongolera kutentha kwa chiwalo chama magazi owazizira kumathandiza kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, alligators amagwiritsanso ntchito madzi: zigawo zam'mwamba zotentha - zotentha ndi malo amthunzi - kuchepetsa. Kutentha kukayamba kufunika, nyama zimasinthasintha. Izi zikuluzikulu zimapanga mawu omwe satha kuzindikira kwa anthu. Pakulankhulana, amawombanso mchira wawo pamadzi ndikuwuzana wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka 50, ndipo zaka 70 ndizokwanira. Nthawi yakukhwima kwa alligator waku China imabwera mwezi umodzi kutayamba kwamvula. Mitundu yamtala: yamphongo imodzi imasamalira zazikazi zingapo. Nthawi yamasewera, amuna ndi akazi onse amalira, zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha omwe ali nawo. Pambuyo umuna, mkaziyo amamanga chisa - mulu wa nthambi ndi udzu. Pamwamba pake, amaikira mazira 1040, ndikuwaphimba ndi udzu. Pakatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, ana amphongo aja amawonekera. Popeza mayi nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi omanga, nthawi zambiri palibe chomwe chimawopseza ana ake. Mwana wang'ombe sangathe kutuluka mu chipolalicho, amamuthandiza podulira dzira pansi kapena kutola chigombacho.

Atamva kufinya koyamba, mayi wosamala amasula udzu ndi kusinthanitsa ana ndi kamwa kuti ikwere m'madzi. Ana amakhala ndi amayi awo nthawi yozizira mpaka nthawi yamasika.

The alligator aku China amadya nsomba, amphibians, repitles, mollusks, tizilombo ndi nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono.

KUFotokozera KWA

• Ufumu: Nyama (Animalia).
• Mtundu: Chordata (Chordata).
• Class: Repitles (Reptilia).
• Dongosolo: Mamba (Crocodilia).
• Banja: Alligator (Alligatoridae).
• Chingwe: Alligators (Alligator).
• Onani: Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis).

Mawonekedwe

Kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupita mamita awiri m'litali, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu ndi 2 kilogalamu. Woimira uyu ndiofanana ndi the Mississippi alligator. Kusiyana kwa alligator aku China ndikwapukutira kofupikitsa pakati pamakona amaso ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yayitali. Mtundu wamba ndi imvi zachikasu. Kutsogolo ndi zala popanda nembanemba. Zishango zamafupa zimakhala pamakope, omwe amateteza maso kuti asawonongeke. Phokoso ladzuka pang'ono. Ili ndi alligator yaku China yokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi ndi mchira wautali, yomwe imawathandiza kuti ikhalebe pamadzi.

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Habitat

Dzina loti "Chinese" alligator adalandila chifukwa China ndi gawo lokhalo komwe woimira uyu amakhala. Chimakhala m'madziwe oyenda, maiwe ndi dziwe. Popeza khola la ku China limatha kukhala ndi zovuta zoyipa, lakhala likuchitika kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi iwiri. Ndipo kuti palibe amene akumusautsa, iye akung'ambika mpaka ma 5 metres. Ngakhale ozizira kwambiri, kutentha kwa nyumba yake sikutsika madigiri 10 Celsius.

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Pazaka 12 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa zida zaku China kwatsika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi gombe lakummawa la China.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Mwakutero, opangidwira ku China alibe chikhalidwe. Izi ndizambiri zangokhala zokha. Nyengo yakukhwima imagwera masika, pomwe amakhala olimbikira kwambiri ndipo sadzagonanso nthawi yayitali. Yaikazi imadzipangira zisa zake pamtunda kuchokera kuzomera zowola, zadothi ndi nthambi. Mu chisa chopangidwa, amayikira mazira 30 mpaka 40.

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Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha kuposa miyezi iwiri. Amayi amawateteza nthawi zonse, kuti asamavutike ndi adani ena. Chifukwa cha mbewu zowola, kutentha kwa chisa kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, chifukwa choti mluza umakula. Monga oimira ambiri, kugonana kwa alligator waku China kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha komwe mluza umayamba. Ngati matenthedwe afika madigiri oposa 34 Celsius, ndiye kuti wophukirawo wa ku China azikola. Ngati kutentha kumakhala kotsika - chachikazi.

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Pakutha miyezi iwiri, mbewu imabadwa ndikuyamba kuyitana amayi, kuti amawathandiza kutuluka mu chigobacho ndikupita kumadzi. Ng'ombe zimabadwira masentimita 15 m'litali ndi masentimita 140. Nthawi zonse, alligators ang'onoang'ono achi China amatetezedwa ndi achikazi. Amayi a woimira amaonedwa ngati osamala kwambiri. Pazaka ziwiri za moyo, achinyamata opanga zipatso amafika masentimita 60 kutalika. Azungu achi China amakhala okhwima pofika zaka 5.

Makina a China Alligator

Nyanja za ku China zimakonda kusungira madzi opanda mchere: nyanja, madambo, mitsinje, masiku ano nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo osungirako zinyalala ndi maenje.

Izi zimayambitsa moyo wobisika, zimatha kukhala m'malo otetezeka pafupi ndi anthu omwe sakudziwa za kuyandikira pafupi kotereku. Amasaka usiku.

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ingapo yamakoko, dzino dzino lachinayi pa nsagwada yakumbuyo silikuwoneka pakamwa likatseka.

Anthu ang'onoang'ono omwe amadya makamaka ma invertebrates am'madzi: mussels, clams, shrimps, nkhono, achule, achule ndi crustaceans. Nyama zazikuluzikulu za anthu akuluakulu zimadyetsa zakudya zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, komanso nsomba ndi tinyama tating'onoting'ono monga makoswe, abakha ndi zina zotero.

Alimi a ku China amameza chakudya, ndipo amangofunika mano kuti agwire ndikugwiritsitsa kwa omwe akuvutikawo. Amakhala ndi mano mpaka 80 pakamwa pawo, pomwe, atataika, amasinthidwa ndi atsopano. Amakola zipolopolo za crustacean ndi mano akhungu owuma. Amachotsa zigamba pogundana ndi madzi.

Izi zokwawa zimatha kusambira bwino kwambiri, ntchito ya paddle yophatikizira imachitidwa ndi mchira waukulu. Izi zikuyimitsa nyama, pamtunda zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri, koma kungoyenda mtunda waufupi.

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya manyowa aang'ono ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu pathupi.

Ma alligators aku China amakhala nthawi yayitali pafupifupi miyezi 7 ali hibernation, pomwe nthawi yomweyo samadya konse. Amakhala m'malo obisala kuti apewe nyengo yovuta, popeza kutentha m'makola awo kumakhala kosachepera madigiri 10. Mabowo a alligators aku China mainchesi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 20 mita. Alligators amapanga mabowo pafupi ndi mitsinje. Mdzenjemo muli, kapena kawirikawiri, zipinda ziwiri zocheperako, akuya pafupifupi mita 1.5.

Ma Alligator samatulutsa kutentha kwawo, ndi nyama yamagazi ozizira, chifukwa chake amafunika kuwala kwa dzuwa. Pambuyo pobisalira, amakhala pakhungu nthawi yayitali, natukula kutentha kwa thupi ndikusintha ziwalo zamkati kuti zikhale ndi moyo.

Zowonjezera za ku China zimakhala ndi phokoso losangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, kuti athe kudziwa momwe malire awo alembedwera komanso kukopa anzawo, othandizira ku China amabangula. Ana amaliralira akakumana ndi amayi awo. Kwa anthu, ma alligator aku China siowopsa. Izi zokwawa zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 30 mpaka 35.

Nyama zonse zimadya usiku.

Chiwerengero cha alligators aku China

Kuchulukitsa kwa ziwonetserozi zakugwa posachedwapa. Mpaka pano, palibe anthu opitilira 200 a Chinese alligators, ndipo malinga ndi magwero ena, kuchuluka kwawo ndi anthu 130.

Mwezi wa Epulo, alligators amatuluka kubisala ndi beseni padzuwa kuti akweze kutentha thupi.

Choopsa chachikulu pa mitunduyi ndi kutayika kwa malo okhala. Anthu amawononga matupi amadzi ndi nkhalango, zomwe zimakhudza anthu ambiri. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha maofesi achitetezo achi China amakhala m'malo omwe ulimi umachitidwa mwachangu. Anthu ena adasankha ma dziwe ndi maiwe mumafamu aang'ono aku China monga malo okhala, komwe kumabuka mikangano pakati pawo ndi anthu.

Ziwalo zamtundu waku China zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe ku China, ndipo khungu lawo limakhala ndi mtengo wokwera pamsika wakuda. Potengera izi, mtunduwu umafunikira kutetezedwa, motero zili mu Red Book.

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