Edgehog -chinyama chosavulaza chomwe chimakhala m'madambo, minda, maponda. Mtunduwu ndi wa banja lomwelo monga ma hedgehogs wamba, koma mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe awo ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi ma hedgehogs wamba. Ma hedgehogs, mosiyana ndi nthumwi zina za banjali, ali ndi makutu aatali, omwe amawerama pang'ono. Ma singano a hedgehogs okhala ndi mawanga achikasu. Ma hedgehogs akakhala ang'ono kuposa masiku, ndipo amathamanga mwachangu.
Chiyambidwe chowonekera ndi kufotokoza
Chithunzi: Eared Hedgehog
Hemiechinus auritus wamkulu wared hedgehog ndi nyama yanyama yomwe ili motsatira dongosolo la chitetezo, banja la hedgehogs. Pali mtundu umodzi wamtundu - yared hedgehog. Banja la hedgehog ndi amodzi mwa mabanja akale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Oimira oyambilira a banja ili amakhala padziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 58 miliyoni zapitazo. Wopezeka ku North America, mulu wakale wa hedgehogs ndi zaka 52 miliyoni. Kukula kwa thupi la kholo la hedgehog kunali masentimita 5 okha. Ma hedgehogs akale anali ofanana ndi oyimira amakono a banja lino, koma osiyana pang'ono pakapangidwe ka thupi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi hedgehog wamkulu wamaso akuwoneka bwanji?
Zingwe zazitali zazitali zazing'ono zazing'ono zopanda chitetezo. Thupi la hedgehog wamkulu ndi lalitali masentimita 12 mpaka 26. Kukula kwa mchirawo ndi 16-23 mm; Mbiri ya ku Pakistani ya nyama zamtunduwu ndi zokulirapo komanso 30 cm. Amuna amalemera mpaka magalamu 450, zazikazi zimatha kulemera kuchokera pa 220 mpaka 500 magalamu. Chipolopolo cha singano cha hedgehogs ndi chocheperako poyerekezera ndi hedgehogs wamba. M'munsi mwa mbali, pachifuwa ndi m'mimba pali ulalo wofewa. Kumbuyo ndi m'mbali mwa tsitsi lanu ndi singano zowongoka kumapeto.
Singano zazifupi kuchokera 17 mpaka 20 mm kutalika ndizakutidwa ndi michere yaying'ono ndi odzigudubuza. Ma hedgehogs ang'ono amabadwa ndi singano zofewa kwambiri komanso zowoneka bwino, komanso akhungu. Pakufika masabata awiri, ma hedgehogs amayamba kuwona, kuphunzira kupindika ndikukhala chopondera, ndipo masingano awo amalimba ndikukhala akuthwa. Kutengera ndi nyama yomwe imakhala, mtundu wa singano umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi udzu wakuda mpaka wakuda.
Chizindikiro chalongosoledwa. Maso ndi ochepa, ozungulira. Mtundu wa iris ndi wakuda. Auricles akulu mpaka 5cm kutalika, makutu akuyang'ana pang'ono kumaso. Masharubu ndiowongoka. Mafupa olimba a chinyama amasiyanitsidwa mwamphamvu. Pali mano 36 owopsa mkamwa. Miyendo ndi yayitali komanso yolimba. Hedgehog imatha kuthamanga, ndipo pakavulazidwa imapindidwa kukhala mpira ndi singano kupita pamwamba. Kutalika kwa moyo wa ma hedgehogs kuthengo ndi pafupi zaka zitatu. Ali mu ukapolo, hedgehogs amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 6, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chilengedwe chabwino komanso moyo wabata.
Kodi hedgehog amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Eled Hedgehog m'chipululu
Malo okhala hedgehogs ndiwosiyanasiyana komanso osiyanasiyana. Nyama zitha kupezeka kumapiri, zipululu za Libya, Egypt, Israel, Asia Little, Pakistan ndi Afghanistan. Ndipo amakhalanso ku India, zipululu za Kazakhstan komanso malo otchedwa Mongolia. Ku China, mitundu iyi ya hedgehogs imatha kupezeka m'chigawo cha Xinjiang Uygur. M'dziko lathu, hedgehogs zared zimapezeka kumapiri a Volga komanso ku Novosibirsk. Ku Urals, kuchokera kummwera chakumadzulo kwa Siberia chakumadzulo kupita kumapiri a Altai. Nthawi zina amapezeka ku Ukraine.
Ma Hedgehogs amakhala m'malo okhala ndi dothi louma komanso loam. Malo opanda malo monga zigwa zowuma, mitsinje, mitsinje imasankhidwa. Amakhala m'madambo komanso ndi udzu wautali komanso masamba osauka. Sakonda malo okhala ndi udzu wowotcha ndi mitengo yayitali ya mitengo yakufa. Ngati ndi kotheka, ma hedgehogs nthawi zina amakwera m'mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 2400 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kwa moyo, hedgehog amafukula dzenje lakuya mpaka mita imodzi kutalika. Dzenje limatsekera kunja. Nthawi zina ming'oma yotchinga imakhala ndi nyama zotayidwa.
Ezeulu wokhala ndi nkhuni amatha nthawi yonse yozizira ali m'maenje awo, pofika nthawi yophukira amasintha nyumba yawo ndikokera masamba pamenepo, amakonza mtundu wa chisa, ndipo nthawi yozizira amatseka pakhomo la dzenjelo ndi kubisala mpaka masika. Ngati amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala, khalani pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu amene sachita mantha konse.
Kodi matenda a hedgehog amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Steppe eared hedgehog
Maheedgehogs ndi nyama zosavomerezeka. Zakudya za hedgehogs zophatikiza zimaphatikizapo:
Kuchokera pachakudya chazomera, ma hedgehogs amakonda kusangalala ndi zipatso, zipatso ndi mbewu za mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Edgehog atadzipezera chakudya amatha kuthamanga mwachangu, ma hedgehogs amenewa amayenda mwachangu kwambiri kuposa ena oimira banja lino. Chifukwa chake ndizosautsa kwambiri kuti wolimbana ndi hedgehog athawe kuthamangitsidwa ndi nyama yatsopanoyi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hedgehogs ataliitali ndi olimba kwambiri, amatha kukhala popanda kubisala komanso madzi kwa masabata 10.
Chochititsa chidwi: Ngati hedgehog wamkulu wamaso akudya nyama yapoizoni, sikuti amangolandira poyizoni, komanso amatulutsa chitetezo chokwanira chakuluma kwa nyama izi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati hedgehog amadyetsa njoka yapoizoni, palibe chomwe chidzachitike, ndipo mtsogolo sadzaopa kulumidwa ndi njoka zowopsa izi.
Ma Hedgehogs amadziwika kuti ndiwadongosolo lenileni m'nkhalangoyi; amadya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makoswe omwe amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, njoka zapoizoni komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ngati ma hedgehogs akhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba yomwe munthu amakhala, anthu amayamba kuwadyetsa podziwa kuti ngati nkhata ikukhala m'munda wamaluwa, sipangakhale tizirombo, chifukwa adani ang'ono awa amawawononga mwachangu.
Nthawi zambiri eredgehogs anthu amakonda kusunga monga ziweto, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kupeza chakudya chomwe hedgehog amadya zachilengedwe. Ali mu ukapolo, ma hedgehogs amodzi amadyetsedwa ndi nyama ya nkhuku, ng'ombe, mazira, nyama yophika, ndi zipatso, masamba, ndi mbewu za mbewu zimaperekedwanso.
Tsopano mukudziwa kudyetsa hedgehog. Tiyeni tiwone momwe nyamayo imapulumukira kuthengo.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: African Eared Hedgehog
Hdgehog wautali wautali si nyama yankhanza yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abata. Kuyimbilira kwambiri komanso kuyimbira. Kuthengo, kumakhala moyo wachisangalalo. Amathamanga kwambiri. Hedgehogs ndizovuta kuwona, chifukwa chake nyama izi zimasaka makamaka ndi khutu. Usiku, hedgehog wautali wautali amatha kuyenda mtunda wa 8-9 km. Masana, hedgehog amabisala m'malo ake othawirako ndikugona. Zosangalatsa, kukumba malo osakhalitsa pansi pansi pa mitengo kapena tchire. Kuphatikiza pa malo okhala kwakanthawi, hedgehog wamaso akulu amakhala ndi nyumba yakeyake. Bowo lakuya kwambiri mpaka mita 1.5 kapena kulowa nyumba ya munthu wina. Bowo limapezeka paphiri pansi pa mizu ya mtengo kapena tchire. Pamapeto penipeni pa dzenje, mumabowapo khola lapadera, komwe nthawi yobzala imabadwa ming'ono yaying'ono.
Zingwe zazitali-zautali zimakonda kusungulumwa ndipo sizimanga mabanja, sizikhala ndi zibwenzi zokhazikika, sizisuntha kukhala gulu. Pofika m'dzinja, ma hedgehogs, ochulukitsa kwambiri mafuta osaneneka. Hedgehogs amapita hibernation mu Okutobala-Novembala, kudzuka ku hibernation koyambirira kwa Epulo. Kumaunda kotentha, hedgehogs wautali wautali amangobisala pokhapokha chakudya. Kuchepetsa ma hedgehogs amtunduwu siwolimba ngati oimira ena a banja lino. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kudzuka ndikudya masheya omwe adadzikonzera okha nthawi yozizira.
Nyama izi zimachitira anthu bwino komanso osamaopa anthu. Amadya chakudya kuchokera kwa munthu, amamva kukoma. Mukalandira hedgehog wokhala ndi chiweto monga chiweto, amayamba kuzolowera anthu, amazindikira mwini wakeyo ndikumumvera. Ndi nyama zina, sizikhala nkhanza ngati ngozi imayamba kulira, kuchenjeza kusakhutira kwake, kudumpha wolakwayo kuyesera kumuletsa.
Chochititsa chidwi: Hedgehogs samakonda kupindika, ndipo yesani kuchita zonse kuti musachite izi. Pangozi, amalira mofuula ndi kutsutsana naye, kuyesa kuthawa, ngati izi sizingatheke ndipo njira yobwerera isatseke, ma hedgehogs amalumphira wolakwira wawo poyesa kupusitsa. Mbidzi imazungulira kukhala mpira pokhapokha ngati pali ngozi yayikulu.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Little eared hedgehog
Nthawi yakukhwima mu hedgehogs imagwera masika, nthawi yakubala mwa akazi, chinsinsi chapadera chokhala ndi ma pheromones chimamasulidwa. Amuna amamva fungo ili ndikupita pamenepo. Wamphongo akamayandikira mkaziyo, amayamba kuyimba nyimbo yofanana ndi mzungu. Amayambanso kusefukira ndikumathamanga pafupi naye patapita nthawi kuti nayenso wamkazi azichita nawo masewerawo.
Ma Hedgehogs ndi achinsinsi kwambiri, kotero, nthawi ya mating'i amapezeka m'nkhalango za udzu. Choyamba, nyama zimakumwetulirana, kenako nyama zimagwirizana. Pambuyo pake yamphongo imayesa kuyandikira kumbuyo kwa mkazi. Ma singano odala aakazi m'moyo wabwinobwino amakhala ofewa panthawiyi, chifukwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, hedgehog amatola singano ndikukupukutira pang'ono kumbuyo.
Pambuyo pa mating, hedgehog imachoka pachotsekeracho ndikupita kukonzekeretsa bowo, kapena kukulitsa ndikukula nyumba yokhalamo. Mimba mwa mkazi imatenga milungu 7. Nthawi imodzi, kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 hedgehogs amabadwa mu hedgehog. Zoyala zazing'ono zazitali zikamabadwa ndi khungu. Maso amatsegulira hedgehog kokha pakatha milungu iwiri, ana ake amadya mkaka wa mayi. Mkaziyo amakhala ndi ana ake kwa miyezi iwiri yoyambirira, pambuyo pake amatha kuchoka kunyumba kwa abambo awo. Ma hedgehogs omwe ali ndi chikhumbo chotsimikiza, samapanga mabanja, alibe abwenzi okhazikika. Amasamalira abale awo modekha, zolimba zimatha kukhala pakati pa amuna okha nthawi yakukhwima.
Adani achilengedwe a hedgehogs
Chithunzi: Kodi hedgehog wamkulu wamaso akuwoneka bwanji?
Ma Hedgehogs samangokhala ndi moyo wamadzulo, nthawi yamasana pali ambiri omwe amadyera popanda nkhawa kudya nyama yaying'ono yamtunduwu.
Adani akuluakulu achilengedwe a hedgehogs ndi:
Ma hedgehogs akhungu ndi okalamba kwambiri. Amathamanga kwambiri mokwanira ndikuyesera kuthawa kuti achite ngozi, yomwe nthawi zambiri amakwanitsa nayo. Zikafika povuta kwambiri, amalira mwamunayo ndi kuyesa kum'khumudwitsa.
Chochititsa chidwi: Omwe akalimbana ndi hedgehog ndipo akadya, sangathe kuchita izi, chifukwa hedgehog imapindika pagulu lolimba. Otsutsa odabwitsawa adapeza momwe angachitire ndi izi, amangokhetsa pa hedgehog, panthawiyi hedgehog amayenera kutembenuka ndipo nthawi yomweyo mdaniyo amadya.
Ma Hedgehogs amalimbana ndi ziphe zambiri; Ngakhale zipheponi zambiri zamafuta sizikhala zowopsa ma hedgehogs. Nkhupakupa nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika pama hedgehogs, mu nyengo imodzi hedgehog amatenga ndikudyetsa mazana angapo a majeremusi awa. Kuphatikiza apo, hedgehogs nthawi zambiri amatenga matenda a helminth. Komanso, hedgehogs zimatha kutengera matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, nthawi zambiri zimayambukiridwa ndi ma dermofradites monga Trychophyton mentagrophyte var. Erinacei ndi Candida Albicans. Hedgehogs amadwala matenda monga salmonellosis, adenoviruses, encephalitis virus, paramyxoviruses.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Eared Hedgehog
Hedgehog wautali ndi nyama yobisalira, yomwe imatsogolera moyo wamadzulo, chifukwa chake kukula kwa anthu okhala ndi hedgehog ndi kovuta kutsatira. Ma Hedgehogs ndi mbatata odziwika bwino ndipo samasiya mabowo awo masana, koma kusaka usiku wokha. Komabe, mtunduwu umawonedwa kuti ndi wambiri. Pakadali pano, mitunduyi imakhala ndi malamulo azoyimira - mitundu yomwe imayambitsa nkhawa pang'ono. Samafunikira chitetezo chapadera. Ma Hedgehogs amachulukana mwachangu, kulekerera zovuta zoyipa zakunja.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma hedgehogs amtunduwu amasungidwa nthawi zambiri ngati ziweto m'maiko ambiri, kotero, mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umagulitsidwa. Ma Hedgehogs amtunduwu amadziwika kuti ndi ziweto zabwino kwambiri, samathina, mosiyana ndi ma hedgehogs wamba, sachita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya. Kondani eni ake. Zowona, kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi ana, hedgehogs ngati ziweto sizabwino chifukwa kulumikizana ndi ma hedgehog spikes kungayambitse ziwopsezo mwa ana.
Pankhani yachitetezo cha hedgehogs, ndikofunikira kuyesa kupulumutsa malo omwe hedgehogs amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akhazikike. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kukonzekera nkhokwe zachilengedwe, mapaki, malo obiriwira. Ngati ma hedgehogs amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba yanu, yesetsani kuti musawakhumudwitse. Dyetsani nyama izi, ndipo zipulumutsa tsamba lanu ku tizirombo ndikukhala abwenzi enieni.
Edgehog ndi mtundu wofunika kwambiri paulimi. Ma Hedgehogs amawononga tizilombo komanso makoswe okhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Madera okhala ndi hedgehogs ndiwothandiza kwambiri, koma ngakhale nyamazo zili zokongola kwambiri, ma hedgehogs sayenera kukhudzidwa ndikunyamula chifukwa nkhupakupa zowopsa ndi majeremusi ena owopsa amakhalamo.
Habitat
Mtengo wa hedgehog wafalikira kumayiko ambiri kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe, Asia ndi North Africa. Mitundu yambiri imakhala m'zipululu ndi ku Kazakhstan. M'malo amtundu wa Russia, imapezeka mdera la Volga steppes, Tuva komanso kumadzulo kwa Siberia. Gawo laling'ono la nyamazo limapezeka ku Ukraine. Monga malo okhala sankhani dothi louma kapena mchenga.
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Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudya zambiri za hedgehogs zamitundu yambiri zimakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri. Amatha kupezeka akudya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilomboka, nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi za tizilombo. M'malo opeza amapeza chakudya chokhala ngati abuluzi, achule, makoswe ndi anapiye. Amatha kudya zipatso, zipatso ndi mbewu za mbewu. Ma hedgehogs amtundu wautali amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya ziphe, chifukwa chake, njoka zaululu ndi kafadala, zomwe zimatulutsa poyizoni wotchedwa cantharidin, zimatha kupezeka chakudya.
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Mbidzi zazitali zazitali zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali popanda chakudya komanso madzi. Kafukufuku wanena kuti munthawi imeneyi amatha kukhala mpaka milungu 10.
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Dambo la hedgehog ndilodziwika bwino chifukwa limatha kuthamanga mwachangu, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya hedgehogs. Ngati wadyera waoneka, hedgehog amawerama mutu ndikupanga kulira. Imathanso kudula mdani ndi singano zake.
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Momwe mungadyetse hedgehog - video
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Kubala nyengo
Nyengo yakuswana ikhoza kusiyana kutengera nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, okhala kumayiko akumwera amayamba nthawiyo mu Julayi, ndipo okhala kumadera ozizira - mu Epulo. Akakhwima, wamkazi amathamangitsa mwamunayo ndikuyamba kufunafuna kapena kumanga dzenje la ana ake amtsogolo. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 45. Monga lamulo, ma hedgehogs opanda chitetezo 4 amabadwa. Zitsamba sizikhala ndi chovala cha singano ndi ubweya, masomphenya ndi kumva. Komabe, kumbuyo, mutha kuwona poyambira yaying'ono ndi madontho yaying'ono - zoyambirira za singano. Pakatha sabata, ma hedgehogs ang'onoang'ono amaphunzira kukwawa. Pakatha masiku 14, amayamba kumva komanso kuona, ndipo amatha kusiya maenje awo kuti azikwera padzuwa.
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Miyezi iwiri yoyambirira, nsapato zazitali zazitali zimadya mkaka wa amayi. Pakatha mwezi ndi theka amakhala odziimira pawokha. Akazi amakhala okhwima mu chaka cha moyo, ndipo amuna amakhala zaka ziwiri. Mwachilengedwe, zaka zomwe amakhala nazo zimasiyanasiyana kuyambira zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
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Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe
Nthawi yogwirira hedgehogs imagwera usiku. Usiku, amatha kuyenda pafupifupi makilomita 9. Masana amakonda kupuma kapena kugona mink yawo. Monga lamulo, amabisala mumakumba omwe amakumba pansi, pansi pa mitengo, miyala kapena tchire. Mizere yama hedgehogs imatha kufika masentimita 150 mwakuya. Nthawi zambiri, amakonda kutchera tizilomboto timene timapanga kale majeremusi, nkhandwe, ndi zinyama zina.
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Adani akuluakulu a hedgehogs awa ndi nyama monga mbalame za nyama, agalu, nkhandwe ndi mimbulu. Pa thupi la hedgehogs, ixodid nkhupakupa limatulutsa, omwe ali othandizira ndi othandizira matenda pyroplasmosis, yomwe imakhala yowopsa kwa ziweto.
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Chiyambireni nyengo yophukira, ma hedgehogs ataliatali amayamba kudya mwachangu, omwe amadzaza mafuta okwanira hibernation. Kuchepetsa thupi kumayambira Novembala mpaka Epulo. Munthawi imeneyi, ma hedgehogs amatha kuwuka kangapo ngakhale kufunafuna chakudya. Nthawi imeneyi ndi yokhayo kwa hedgehogs omwe amakhala m'malo ozizira.Ma hedgehogs akum'mwera amatha kubisala pokhapokha ngati palibe chakudya chokwanira.
KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO NDIPONSO ZOYENERA
Hedgehog wautali ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri pabanja la hedgehog, koma, monga momwe dzinalo limanenera, wopepuka kwambiri. Makutu ake akuluakulu (okulirapo kotero kuti, ngati amawerama, kutseka maso) amagwira ntchito yofunika - amateteza nyama kuti isatenthe kwambiri.
Palibe "kulekanitsa kotenga nthawi yayitali" pamutu wa hedgehog, monga mitundu ina ya hedgehogs. Pansi pa khungu, lomwe lophimbidwa ndi chingwe chowoneka ngati singano, pali minyewa yolira ndi yautali, mothandizidwa ndi yomwe hedgehog imagwera mu mpira wamkati, koma nkhata zamiyala sizifuna kuchita izi (mwina zikuwopa kubera makutu awo akuluakulu ndi okongola), ndipo pangozi kuthawa, kumakuwa ndi kubuma. .
Singano zazifupi komanso zopyapyala, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi 10,000, zimangophimba kumbuyo. Kwa chaka chimodzi, singano imodzi pa masinthidwe atatu, ndipo imakula kwa pafupifupi chaka. Ma singano, omwe amayenera kuteteza ma hedgehogs, nthawi zina amawapangitsa kuti asatetezeke: nkhupakupa zambiri zimatola pakhungu pansi pa singano, ndipo nyama zopanda tsoka sizitha kuthana ndi majeremusi. Epidemiologists adauza gawo lapadera "hedgehog-ola": kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa zomwe hedgehog imayenda kwa ola limodzi.
Ma hedgehogs owoneka bwino amatha kununkhiza komanso kumva, koma mawonekedwe ochepa. Ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu, monga anthu, mosiyana ndi zinyama zina momwe masomphenyawo ndi akuda ndi oyera. Chidacho chili ndi mano 36, omwe amatha kukalamba.
Masewera olimbitsa a chinyama podzuka ndi mpweya wa 40-50 pamphindi, komanso nthawi yobisalira - 6-8. Kutentha m'moyo wogwira ndi 34 ° C, ndipo munthawi yotentha - 2 ° C yokha kuti ipulumutse moyo.
Hedgehog m'malo osungirako
Wamng'ono, wopanda phokoso, wokongola, wokhala ndi miyendo yayitali, hedgehog nthawi zonse amakhala wothamanga kwinakwake. Komabe, izi zikuchokeranso pamalo osavutikira sizimawonekera kawirikawiri m'malo osungirako.
Hedgehog amathawa kutentha, kutsogolera moyo wamadzulo, koma kuthekera kwake kopadera kopanda chakudya ndi madzi kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kudabwitsidwa. Udzu wautali wautali umateteza malo okhala ndi masamba ochepa komanso wowotchera msanga; malo omwe amakhazikikamo ndi malo osungiramo nkhalangoyi "Green Garden", minda yomwe ili pamtunda wa Surikov, ndi m'nkhokwe za cordon. Ma hedgehogs onse ndi nyama zausiku, pakati pausiku amatha kuyenda mpaka 10 km kukafunafuna chakudya (masana amagona mink yopindika mu mpira). Hedgehogs amalankhulana wina ndi mzungu, ndipo amalira komanso kung'ung'udza pokhapokha akakwiya.
MFUMU CHIKONDI
Ma hedgehogs owoneka amakhala moyo wamtundu, ndipo pokhapokha dzuwa litatentha kumapeto kwa Marichi - kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, amuna okondwerera amayamba kufunafuna zazikazi. Mwa akazi, kutha msambo kumachitika pafupifupi chaka chimodzi; amuna, nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka ziwiri. Amuna okha ndi omwe amapita kukafunafuna awiri, chifukwa amatha kuyenda makilomita 6-8, koma simukuyenera kupita kokayenda chifukwa choopsa - adzapezabe. Komabe, ngati wamkazi sakonda chibwenzi, ndiye kuti masewera pakati pa amuna, otchedwa hedgehog kuvina, ayamba: omenyanawo amaluma wina ndi mnzake, kumenya ndi singano, kukankha, kuwomba mokweza ndi kufuula. Masewera amapitilira mpaka pomwe aliyense yemwe akuchita nawo mndandanda wazovuta amadziwika. Pichesi si cholepheretsa: mkaziyo agona pansi, natambasula miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ndipo yamphongo imakhala kumbuyo, kuyimirira pafupifupi.
KONSE
Akakhwima, wamkazi nthawi yomweyo amakankhira mwamunayo kutali, ndipo aliyense azichita zawo: wamwamuna amadyetsa kwambiri mafuta nthawi yozizira, ndipo mkaziyo amakonza dzenje lakuziikira ndi masamba owuma.
Pambuyo pa masiku 40-45, hedgehog imakhala ndi ana 2-8 owala khungu ndi agonthi, ang'ono kwambiri - akhanda amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 20. Masiku oyamba mayi wa hedgehog amatenthetsa ana ndi kutentha kwake, popeza amaliseche kwathunthu. Pakangotha maola ochepa chibadwireni cha hedgehog chitenga, iwo amapeza singano zofewa zoyera, ndipo patatha masiku awiri singano zakuda zimayamba kupanga. Ana amakula msanga: pakatha pafupifupi sabata, maso ndi makutu awo amatseguka, ndipo patatha masikono awiri amakhala atakutidwa ndi chipolopolo choteteza. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, anawo amasiya mayiyo ndi mayi ake, ndikuphunzira nyimbo zatsopano ndi kununkhira. Kudya tizilombo ta hedgehog kumayamba m'mwezi wachiwiri wa moyo, pambuyo pake mayi wa hedgehog amasiya kudyetsa ana mkaka. Posakhalitsa ana amayenera kuyamba moyo wachikulire ndikupeza pogona nthawi yawo yozizira. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, azikhala ndi michere yokwanira kuti azitha kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo.
UNSPARE Hedgehog
Ma Hedgehogs mwina amakumba mabowo okha, kapena, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kocheperako, amagwiritsa ntchito alendo, monga makoswe, akukulitsa okha.
Malo okhala Hedgehog amasiyana ndi malo omwe nyama zina zimakhala pachipata chachikulu komanso chotsika, komwe pambuyo poyenda pang'onopang'ono pamakhala kansalu wam'mbali wa chipinda chodyeramo. M'nyengo yozizira, hedgehog imakhazikitsa malo ake okhala ndi masamba ndi udzu, chifukwa salola kuzizira, ndipo nthawi yozizira hibernation imayesa kugona molawirira, ndipo m'mbuyomu imatseka khomo lolowera dzenje. Panthawi yovutikira, samadya kalikonse, pafupifupi samayenda ndikugwera makina oimitsa: kutentha kwake kwa thupi kumatsika kwambiri, kupuma kwake kumachepera. Hdgehog wamaso akulu samagula chakudya mnyumba yozizira, kotero lingaliro lodziwika bwino lokhudza hedgehog limangokhala nthano chabe. Mwinanso, mchaka cha hedgehog akadzuka, atasunthika chifukwa cha njala, amamva chisoni kuti sanatope.
Kugawa hedgehogs
amakhala ku Europe, Central and Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Arabian Peninsula, Transcaucasia, Siberia, Israel, Egypt, Libya, North Africa, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Iran, Iraq ndi Kupro.
Chifukwa chakuti ma hedgehogs omwe amakhala ndi chiphalaphala amakhala m'zipululu, chipululu komanso mapiri owuma, amatchedwanso hedgehogs. Zimapezeka m'miyala, m'chigwa chouma, m'mapiri, m'mitsinje yothirira, pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, hedgehogs zam'chipululu zimakwera m'mapiri mpaka mamita 2400. M'madambo opondapo, ma nguluwe a hedgehogs amapewa malo okhala ndi udzu wakuda.
Kufotokozera kwa Eared Hedgehogs
Hedgehog wautali wautali wafika masentimita 14-23, ndipo ku Afghanistan ndi Pakistan, anthu amatha kutalika kwambiri masentimita 30. Kulemera kwa thupi kumachokera ku magalamu a 220 mpaka 350, koma mu ukapolo, akazi oyembekezera amatha kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 650.
Hedgehog wautali (Hemiechinus auritus).
Masingano amapezeka kumbuyo kokha. Masingano ndi afupiafupi - pafupifupi mamilimita 19 kutalika ndi zopyapyala, ndi miyala italiitali. Gawo lam'munsi la thupi ndi mbali zake ndizaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi. Ubweya wake ndi wofewa komanso waufupi. Phokoso ladzaza.
Ndi makutu awo akuluakulu, mpaka mamilimita 39 kutalika, hedgehogs amawongolera kutentha kwa thupi. Matako a nyama ndizotalikirapo kuposa ma hedgehogs wamba.
Ubweya pachifuwa ndi pamimba umayera kapena imvi. Pankhope, ubweya umatha kukhala wa bulauni pang'ono mpaka imvi. Mtundu wa singano umadalira malo, umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku udzu wowala mpaka wakuda. Ma Hedgehogs omwe amakhala ku Pakistan ndi Afghanistan ali ndi ubweya wa bulauni. Albinos ndi osowa kwambiri.
Makhalidwe a Desert Hedgehogs
Usiku, hedgehog yamaso yolimba imatha kuthana ndi makilomita 7-9. Masana amapumula m'malo obisalirako. Ma hedgehogs a chipululu amagwiritsa ntchito mabowo awo kapena zingwe zazingwe ngati malo okhala. Kuzama kwa dzenje kumatha kufika mita 1-1,5. Bowo ndi lotsika komanso lalikulu. Chipinda chotsekera alendo chili m'mbali. M'nyengo yotentha, hedgehogs zazitali zazitali zimagwiritsa ntchito pobisalira: miyala, tchire, mizu ya mitengo ndi zina zotero.
Izi ndi nyama zokhazokha zomwe zimagwira usiku.
Mu nthawi yophukira, hedgehogs zazitali zazitali zimatola mafuta. M'madera ozizira, amakhala mu October-Novembala, ndipo kumatha mu March kapena Epulo. Kumpoto India, hibernation ku chipululu hedgehogs kumatha miyezi 3.5, ndipo ku Pakistan - miyezi 4. M'malo ofunda a mitunduyi, ma hedgehogs otentha samva nthawi yozizira, koma amagona pokhapokha ngati alibe chakudya.
Ngati hedgehog ya m'chipululu ili pachiwopsezo, sichidumphira mpira, koma amayesa kumenya mdani kumaso ndikubisala. Ma hedgehogs am'chipululu sagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, amalola kutentha kwambiri. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kumva, koma ma hedgehogs amakhala ndi vuto lakhungu. Chipululu cha hedgehogs sichikudziwa momwe chingabzalire chilichonse paminga.
Zingwe zazitali-zazitali zimakonda kusakumana ndi njoka, koma ngati msonkhano wachitika, ndiye kuti nyamayo imayipha kuti iphe ndikuluma mwachangu kumbuyo kwa mutu. Ma hedgehogs apululu amalimbana kwambiri ndi poizoni wa njoka. Amuna awiri akakumana, nkhondo imakhala pakati pawo, aliyense amayesera kudula wopikisana naye m'makutu mwachifundo komanso mosatetezeka. M'nyengo yakukhwima, ma hedgehogs akuimba.
Adani achilengedwe ndi zimbalangondo, agalu, agalu onyanyala, mbalame, mimbulu, nkhandwe. Kutalika kwa moyo wa hedgehogs wautali m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 3-6, koma pafupifupi amakhala zaka pafupifupi zinayi.
Kulumwa kwa Hedgehog kumakhala kolimba kwambiri kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi nkhumba za Guinea. Mlingo wowopsa wa hedgehog ndi 0,1 magalamu a njoka zaululu, kuchuluka komweko ndikokwanira kupha anthu 20.
Sand Lanyard
Tizilomboti tikuchokera kubanja la Mdima timakhala zaka 2-3, nthawi yozizira m'minda pakati pa zinyalala zachomera ndi dothi lapansi lokwera. Mphutsi za chikumbu zimadya zinyalala za chomera ndipo ngakhale zochulukazo sizivulaza zomera. Koma kagulu ka kachilomboka, kamawoneka kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe, ndi kowopsa kwambiri kumera nyemba ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Nthawi zina kwa lalikulu lalikulu. mita amatengedwa kuchokera ku makumi angapo mpaka mazana ka kafadala.
Nenani Na. 2
Edgehog - zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, zomwe zimachokera ku banja la hedgehog.
Mtunduwu umasiyana ndi hedgehog wanthawi zonse pamaso pa makutu mpaka 5 cm, komanso kukula kwake, kulemera kwawo kumafikira theka la kilogalamu. Singano zazitali zakuthwa zimaphimba kumbuyo kwake. Mwachibadwa kwa iwo amakhala ndi chopondera, komanso miyendo yayitali. Pukuta mu mitundu yowala, yosiyana ndi singano. Mtundu wa zomwe zimatengera malo, kuchokera pakuwala mpaka mumdima. Singano mpaka 2 cm, kutalika kwambiri, zomwe zimakwirira ziguduli ndi zokutira palitali lonse.
Mabuku a hedgehogswa amakhala m'malo otetezeka komanso opezeka m'chipululu ku Eurasia, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa. Hdgehog wautali wautali ali pachiwopsezo chochepa cha kutha, koma m'madera ena adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Hedgehog - Ichi ndi cholengedwa cholusa, chakudya chachikulu ndi tizilombo. Komanso samapewa njoka, abuluzi osiyanasiyana ndi achule. Samakonda kubzala zakudya, izi ndi mbewu, zipatso, ndi zipatso. Hedgehog imalimbana kwambiri ndi poizoni wa iwo omwe amalowa pachakudya chake. Pakusowa chakudya ndi madzi, ma hedgehogs amatha kupatula popanda chakudya kwa miyezi 2.5.
Wamkazi amakhala ndi pakati kumapeto kwa masika - chiyambi cha chilimwe. Mimba imatenga mwezi umodzi ndi theka, kubadwa kumachitika pakati pa chilimwe. Mbewuyi imachokera ku ana anayi mpaka 7. Amabadwa osathandiza, akhungu komanso opanda tsitsi, koma poyambira singano zamtsogolo. Kufikira milungu iwiri yokha, hedgehog satha kupindika. M'dera la masabata atatu, hedgehog ayamba kale kutuluka mnyumbamo. Amadyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka.
Izi zimatsogolera moyo wachisangalalo. Usiku umagunda mpaka 10 km. Amasala tsikulo mdzenje lomwe amakumbamo ndikudzimangira. Chochitika chachilendo kwambiri ndi kukhazikika kwa hedgehog ndi dzenje lomwe linasiyidwa ndi wina, mwachitsanzo nkhandwe, kapena kachilomboka. Nora hedgehog amafikira mita imodzi ndi theka kutalika. Nthawi zina hedgehog imapita kukakhala kwakanthawi, ikhoza kukhala zitsamba zowirira kapena kukhumudwa pamizu ya mtengo.
Pakati pa yophukira, hedgehog hibernates, isanakwane mafuta okwanira amthupi. Amadzuka pakati pa masika. M'malo otentha, hibernates ngati kulibe chakudya chokwanira.
Adani ake oyambirirawo ndi nkhandwe, mimbulu, mbendera, komanso mbalame zolusa. Mbidzi imadziwikitsa ndikudzitchinjiriza, kuyesera kunamiza wotsutsana naye. Ndizowopsa kwa ziweto chifukwa zimanyamula nkhupakupa ndi matenda.
Gawo 4, (malo, zomwe zimadya)
Adalandira Hedgehogs Zakudya
Ma hedgehogs amtundu wautali ndi omnivores. Amadyetsa akangaude, mphutsi, nkhono, nsikidzi, nyerere, ziwala, mbozi, nsikidzi, mphero, mphutsi ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, hedgehogs zared zimadya zipatso, maluwa, moss. Sanakane ndipo anagwa.
Zimasakanso nyama zazikulu: njoka, abuluzi, achule, makoswe komanso mbalame zowononga.
Zakudya za hedgehogs zam'chipululu zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nyengo. Nyama izi zitha kuchita popanda chakudya ndi madzi kwa nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi masabata 10.
Juni Khrushchev
Dzina lina la kachilomboka ndi nehrushch. Amawonekera mu June - koyambirira kwa Julayi. Masana, ma khrushchels amabisala pansi, ndipo madzulo amawuluka mozungulira mitengo, kukhala pansi, kudya masamba awo ndi mphukira zazing'ono, kapena kupita kukadyeretsa ngati mtundu wa chimanga. Mphutsi zimatha nthawi ndikulowera masentimita 10-12 mu loamy kapena nthaka yamchenga. Amadya mizu ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana, makamaka chimanga, ndipo nthawi zina chimzake.
Kuswana muluzu wazipululu
Nyengo yobereketsa imachitika ku Russia mu Epulo, komanso m'maiko ofunda mu Julayi-Seputembara. M'malo ozizira amtunduwu, ma hedgehogs ozizira amabereka kamodzi pachaka, ndipo m'malo otentha a mtunduwo, pakhoza kukhala ana awiri. Atapeza chachikazi, champhongo chimayesa kumuyandikira, koma wamkazi poyamba samamulola, atha kumenya nawo nkhondo.
Palibe zinyalala mchipinda chochezera. Mimba imatenga masiku 35-42. Mkazi amabadwa kuyambira ana atatu mpaka 8. Matupi awo amakhala opanda kanthu poyamba, koma atatha maola awiri amakutidwa ndi singano zofewa. Pambuyo maola 5, kutalika kwa singano kumachulukitsa kanayi. Matupi awo amaphimbidwa kwathunthu ndi singano pambuyo pa masabata awiri.
Akakhwima, wamkazi amathamangitsa mwamunayo ndikupita kukamanga chisa.
Maso awo amatseguka mozungulira tsiku la 10. Pakatha milungu itatu, hedgehog imatha kudya chakudya cholimba. Amayi amawadyetsa mkaka masiku 35. Patsiku la 50, ma hedgehogs amodzi amayamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Kutha msambo mwa amuna kumachitika zaka ziwiri, ndipo mwa akazi pa miyezi 11 mpaka 12.
Mitu Yotchuka Yamauthenga
Aliyense amadziwa dzina la wolemba wamkulu Frederic Chopin. Iye ndi woimira wotchuka mu nyimbo. Ntchito zomwe Chopin adapanga zidapangitsa kuti nyimbo zikhale bwino, komanso otsatira ake.
Kakombo wa m'chigwacho si maluwa okongola komanso onunkhira bwino, ndiyenso chomera choyamba cha May chomwe chimakondweretsa aliyense patatha nthawi yozizira kwa nthawi yozizira. Maluwa ake ndiwosakhwima ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mabelu ang'onoang'ono omwe akupachikidwa pachinde.
Mwa zina mwazomera zodziwika bwino zomwe zimakhala munyumba yathu kwazaka zambiri, aloe ndi imodzi mwodziwika. Pali mitundu yambiri ya aloe. Chomera chomwe chikuchokera ku Africa chili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 300.
Chipululu hedgehog kuchuluka
Ma hedgehogs amodzi amadya tizirombo tambiri, motero ndi nyama zothandiza. Koma ma hedgehogs amanyamula nkhupakupa wa ixodid. Ma hedgehogs ofunda adalembedwa mu Red Book la m'dera la Chelyabinsk, Urals ndi Bashkortostan.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Zojambula ndi malo okhala hedgehog
Edgehog (kuchokera ku Latin Hemiechinus) - iyi ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe zimachokera ku banja lalikulu la hedgehogs. Za iye lero. Ganizirani zikhalidwe zake, mawonekedwe ake ndi moyo wake.
Amasiyana ndi ena oimira mabanja awo omwe amakhala ndi makutu aatali, owongoka. Kutalika kwa makutu, kutengera ndi mtunduwo, kumafika mainchesi atatu mpaka asanu. Mitundu ya hedgehogs imakhala ndi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha:
- The Blue-belided (kuchokera ku Latin nudiventris),
- Mmwenye (wochokera ku Latin micropus),
- Singano yayitali, ndi singano yakuda kapena dazi (hypomelas),
- Eared (wa ku Latin auritus),
- Collared (waku Latin Latin),
- Mwaitiopiya (wochokera ku Latin aethiopicus).
Magulu ena a asayansi amaphatikiza mtundu uwu ngati wocheperako Ma Africa ered hedgehogs chifukwa chakuti nawonso ali ndi makutu aatali, komabe, m'gulu lodziwika bwino, mtunduwu umapatsidwa mtundu wina - African hedgehogs.
Kukhazikika kwa mtunduwu siwukulu kwambiri. Kugawa kwawo kumachitika ku Asia, North Africa ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe. Mtundu umodzi wokha wamtundu wamtundu wathu umakhala m'chigawo cha dziko lathu - ndi hedgehog. Uwu ndi nyama yochepa kwambiri, kukula kwake kwa thupi sikupitirira 25-30 masentimita omwe ali ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 500-600.
Oimira wamkulu kwambiri (wolemera) amtunduwu ndi ma hedgehogs okwanira - thupi lawo limafika magalamu 700- 900.Kumbuyo kwa mitundu yonse kumakutidwa ndi singano za imvi komanso zofiirira. Palibe singano kumbali, pachifuwa ndi pamimba, ndipo mmalo mwaiwo chovala cha ubweya chamitundu yopepuka chimakula.
Mutu umakhala wocheperako ndi mutu wopendekera komanso makutu aatali omwe amafikira kukula okulirapo kuposa theka la mutu. Pakamwa patali kwambiri pakudzaza mano 36 amphamvu.
Chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha hedgehog
Edgehogs akakhala tchuthi amakhala okhala usiku, amakhala otanganitsidwa ndi Dzuwa ndi madzulo. Koma ngakhale izi, alipo ambiri chithunzi cha hedgehogs masana. Amakhala ndipo amafunafuna chakudya chimodzi ndi chimodzi, amapanga awiriawiri kokha nthawi yakukhwima.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, nyamazo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo zimayenda mwachangu, zimachoka kunyumba kwawo makilomita angapo kukafunafuna chakudya. Gawo lomwe maleredwe a hedgehog amadya mpaka mahekitala asanu, zazikazi zimakhala ndi gawo laling'ono - ndi mahekitala awiri kapena atatu.
Pakumuka tsiku ndi tsiku, hedgehog yamaso imatha kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita 8-10. Hedgehogs amagona ndikumapuma amapita kumakumba awo, omwe amadziimba okha mpaka mita 1-1,5, kapena amakhala ndikukonzekera nyumba zomwe zatsala kuti nyama zina zazing'ono, makamaka makoswe.
Nyama izi sizopusa kwambiri komanso zimakhazikika m'maselo. Zakudya zake zimakupatsani mwayi wogula chakudya pafupifupi chilichonse chosungira nyama. Zili pachifukwa ichi kunyumba eared hedgehog munthawi yathu, sizachilendo, ndipo ndi anthu ochepa omwe angadabwe.
Lero mutha kugula hedgehog ya eyrgeho pafupifupi kumsika uliwonse wa mbalame kapena ku nazale. Ndipo kupeza maluso posungira nyamayi sikovuta, chifukwa pa intaneti pali malangizo ambiri othandiza.
Ku malo ogulitsa ziweto mtengo wa hedgehog wamaso ingasiyane ndi ma ruble 4000 mpaka 7000. Pafupifupi ndalama zomwezi zidzafunika kugula zida zogulira. Mukakhala ndi ndalama zochuluka chotere ku chiweto chanu chatsopano, inu ndi okondedwa anu mudzalandira malingaliro abwino ambiri.
Kuberekanso komanso chiyembekezo cha moyo wa hedgehog
Kutha msanga m'magulu a hedgehogs kumachitika molingana ndi kugonana nthawi zosiyanasiyana - mwa akazi pomatha chaka chimodzi chamoyo, kutukuka kwa amuna kumachepera pang'ono ndipo kutha msanga kumachitika ndi zaka ziwiri.
Nthawi yakukhwima m'mitundu yambiri imayamba ndikubwera kwa kutentha kumapeto kwa mvula. M'madera okhala kumpoto mu Marichi-Epulo mutadzuka ku hibernation, kum'mwera oyima pafupi ndi chilimwe.
Munthawi imeneyi, ma hedgehogs amayamba kupanga fungo labwino kwambiri, lomwe limakopa awiriawiri. Akakhwima, nthawi zambiri yamphongo imakhala ndi mkaziyo kwa masiku angapo, nthawi zambiri imachoka kumadera ake, ndipo wamkazi amakumba mabele kuti abereke ana.
Mimba imatenga, kutengera mtundu, masiku 30 mpaka 40. Pambuyo pake, ma hedgehogs ang'ono, ogontha komanso akhungu amabadwa. Mu ana awo kwa mmodzi mpaka khumi. Amabadwa amaliseche, koma patatha maola ochepa, ma singano ofewa owonekera amawonekera pamwamba pa thupi, omwe pakatha masabata awiri ndi atatu amasintha kukhala ovuta.
Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, ma hedgehogs amayamba kutsegula maso awo. Ziphuphu zimadya mkaka wa m'mawere mpaka milungu itatu ya moyo kenako ndikupita kukasaka kwayekha, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zakudya zina zowola. Pofika miyezi iwiri, anawo amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndipo posachedwa amasiya dzenje la amayi awo kuti akadzigulire okha m'gawo latsopanoli.
Pafupifupi nsapato zazingwe zazikulu pakhomo kapena malo osungirako nyama amakhala zaka 6-8, m'malo zachilengedwe nthawi yawo yocheperako imakhala yochepa, kuphatikiza chifukwa chowasaka ndi adani omwe amakhala kudera lomwelo ndi ma hedgehogs.
Adani akuluakulu a anyaniwa ndi mimbulu, agalu, nkhandwe ndi ena omwe amadya nyama zazing'ono. Mitundu ina ma hedgehogs omwe adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira, mwachitsanzo, hedgehog wokhala ndi buluu amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu womwe watsala pang'ono kutha.
Mitundu ina imapezeka m'mabuku a Red and Kazakhstan, Ukraine ndi Bashkiria. Mpaka mu 1995, Kazakhstan anali wakhama m'mabungwe omwe amadula mitundu ya hedgehogs, kuphatikizapo eredgehogs, m'malo osungirako ana apadera, koma, mwatsoka, alibe mpaka pano.
Kalulu
Chingwe cha heredgeho ndi cha nyama zopanda chitetezo ndipo chimakhala malo otseguka otseguka. Izi zikuyimira banja limodzi ngati hedgehog wamba, komabe abale awa siofanana kwambiri ndipo amasiyana m'thupi. Chidacho cha hedgehog ndi chaching'ono, kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupita masentimita 20. Zingwezi sizoposa masentimita 2,5. Chovala chofewa cha tsitsi chimaphimba matemba. Thupi ndi lozungulira, likuwoneka loyipa. Miyendo ndi yayitali, koma mchira ndi waufupi. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha heredgehog ndi chachitali, chachitali kuposa theka kutalika kwa mutu, makutu ogwada kutsogolo. Chovala chokhala ndi ubweya cha hedgehog cha m'mbali mwa thupi ndichopyera chakumaso, tummy ndi loyera ndi utoto wonyezimira wachikasu.
Kufotokozera kwa hedgehog
Hdgehog wautali wautali ndi nyama yaying'ono. Thupi lake limakhala lalitali 12-27 cm, mchira wake ndi 17-23 mm kutalika. Amodzi okha a subspecies omwe amakhala ku Pakistan ndi Afghanistan ndi akulu pang'ono ndipo amafika 30 cm. Kulemera kwa amuna sikupitirira 430 g, kwa akazi ndi 200-500 g. Ndiye kuti, hedgehog ya eyred imakhala yochepera kawiri kuposa hedgehog wamba.
Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku hedgehog wamba pamtunduwu ndi kukula kwamakutu, kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 5. Mapapu ndi okwera. Chizindikiro chili pachimake. Mzere wa khungu lopanda kanthu, lotchedwa "kulekeka," likuwoneka pamphumi. Chovalacho ndi chopepuka, chofewa, chojambulidwa chakuda kapena chakuda pena pake. Masingano amangokhala kumbuyo. Iwo ndiwofupika komanso afupiafupi, 17-19 mm kutalika, kutalika kwake okutidwa ndi odzigudubuza ndi mizere. Masingano amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo okhala hedgehog: kuchokera kumaso a udzu mpaka wakuda kwathunthu. Zingwe za ku Afghanistan ndi Pakistan ndi zofiirira. Albino hedgehogs ndi osowa kwambiri.
Zokhudza thanzi la hedgehog
Maziko a chakudya cha hedgehog amapangidwa ndi nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, makamaka tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, kafadala (othamanga, amdima, kuzengereza, mahatchi) ndi nyerere. Dzuwa limapeza mosavuta chakudya chokwanira m'miyala pakati pa mbewu. Imathanso kudyera abuluzi, achule, makoswe ang'ono, anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame. Komanso, nguluwe ya hedgehog imasiyanitsa zakudya zake mothandizidwa ndi chakudya chamasamba: zipatso, mbewu, zipatso.
Dambo la heredgehog limatha kukhala ndi ngongole yokhala popanda chakudya ndi madzi - pafupifupi masabata 10, malinga ndi ofufuza.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngati nyama yapoizoni (mwachitsanzo, chowonjezera) ikalowa mu chakudya cha heredgehog, ndiye kuti hedgehog sidzavutika ndi kuluma kwake. Popanda kuvulaza thupi, hedgehog yamaso imatha kudya Tizilombo T-sheti yomwe ili ndi poyizoni wamphamvu - cantharidin.
Mwana wa hedgehog akafunafuna chakudya, chimathamanga mwachangu, mwachangu kuposa nkhata wamba. Wina akapeza ndi mpanda wa hedgehog, samapindika mwachizolowezi, koma amangoweramitsa mutu wake pansi, amalira ndikudumpha kuti ayesere mdani ndi singano.
Kufalitsa hedgehog
Kukhazikika kwa hedgehog komwe kumakhalapo kumaphatikizapo mapiri owuma, zipululu komanso mapiri. Amakhala kudera la Israel, Libya, Egypt, Asia Minor, Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, China ndi Mongolia. Ku Russia, hedgehog yotchedwa heredgeg ndi yodziwika bwino kuyambira ku Don ndi Volga kupita ku Ob. Anthu ochepa amakhala ku Ukraine, komwe nyamayo imapezekanso payokha kumwera chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo.
Malo omwe mumakonda hedgehog ndi malo owuma, dongo komanso mchenga. M'masiku amakono azachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cholima mopondera, mapendekedwe a anthu okhala pamizereyi achepetsedwa.
Amuna ndi akazi ered hedgehog: kusiyana kwakukulu
Kwa hedgehog ya eyris, mtundu wamtundu wa kugonana sufotokozeredwa, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi alibe kusiyana kowonekera kwakunja.
Khalidwe la Hedgehog
Malo okhala ndi mpanda wautali wautali amakhala m'mapiri owuma ndi zipululu, komwe amakhala pafupi ndi zigwa, malo opanda madzi, mitsinje yonyowa, mitsinje yothirira. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwoneka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Munali maudzu akuluakulu opondaponda ndi chipululu chokhala ndi masamba owerengeka, omwe amatentha msanga, ndipo nkhokwe za udzu zokhala ndi udzu wawutali wosakwanira.
Nyamayi imagwira ntchito usiku wokha, ikayenda maulendo 7-16 km, masana nthawi zambiri imabisala kapena kugona m'matumba mwake. Ndi kuyamba kwa kucha kumayamba kusaka, ndipo mbandakucha, kufunafuna malo oti mupumule. Malo achitetezo a hedgehog masana ndi phwando pansi, pansi pa mizu, mwala kapena chitsamba. Kuphatikiza pa malo osakhalako, khwangwala wotchedwa hedgehog amadzikumba yekha mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 150, kapena kukhala ndi dzenje losiyidwa mu gerbil, nkhandwe, kapena nyama ina. Nora amakumba mpaka pakuya masentimita 50, pakona, pamapiri kapena pansi pa tchire. Mapeto ake otentha ndi phanga m'mene kubadwa kwa akazi kumachitika.
M'dzinja, hedgehog yored amatenga mafuta mwachangu. Kuchepetsa kumayambira mu Okutobala-Novembala; kudzutsidwa kumachitika mu Marichi-Epulo. Mwambiri, kubisala kwazizira kwa hedgehog sikulimba ngati kwa hedgehog wamba. Amadzuka mosavuta komanso amadya. M'madera otentha, hedgehog imabisala pokhapokha ngati chakudya.
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa hedgehog
M'madera ozizira, zazikazi zimabereka kamodzi pachaka, m'malo otentha - kawiri. Nyengo yobereketsa nyengo zotentha imayamba mu Julayi-Seputembala, m'maiko ozizira - mu Epulo. Zachikazi zimachotsa mwamunayo zitatha kukhwima ndikupita kukamanga kapena kukulitsa chimbudzi cha ana. Kutalika kwa pakati pa chikopa cha heredgehog wamkazi ndi masiku makumi atatu, ndipo pachiyambi 4-7 akhungu, amaliseche, ana osangalatsa amabadwa. Kumbuyo ali ndi mtambo wopendekera wokhala ndi singano zazing'ono zofewa. Ma hedgehogs obadwa kumene sangathe kulolera kukhala glomerulus, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 7 amayamba kukwawa. Pakupita masabata awiri, amayamba kuwona bwino ndipo amatha kupindika bwino, komanso wokutidwa ndi singano zolimba, ndipo milungu itatu amasiyiratu ndi zotchinga zawo padzuwa ndikuyamba kulawa chakudya cha achikulire. Kudyetsa mkaka kumapitilira milungu isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya moyo. Pafupifupi masiku 50, ma hedgehogs achichepere amayamba moyo wachikulire wodziimira. Kutha msambo mwa akazi kumachitika pa miyezi 11-12, mwa amuna - azaka ziwiri. Ali mu ukapolo, hedgehog wokhala m'ndende amakhala pafupifupi zaka 3-6.
Adani achilengedwe a hedgehog
Chidacho chachikulu cha hedgehog ndichedwa kukalamba kuposa wachibale wawo - hedgehog wamba. Pangozi, adakankha mpira, koma ndikungogwedeza mutu wake, ndikuyamba kulira ndikumayesera kuti awononge otsutsawo.
Mtunduwu suthana ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi ziphezi zambiri (njoka, njuchi ndi aspen). Kukana, mwachitsanzo, kupweteketsa kwa njoka zam'mimba ndiwokwera kwambiri kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa kwa nkhumba zambewu.
Mtunduwu ndi mutu wofuna kusaka mbalame zodya nyama, agalu, nkhandwe, mimbulu. Nkhupakupa za Ixodid zimakhalamo, zomwe zimakhala ndi matenda monga pyroplasmosis ya ziweto zapakhomo.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za hedgehog:
- Ma hedgehogs omwe ali ndi mtundu wofunikira komanso wachuma wofunikira, popeza amadya tizirombo ndi makoswe, chifukwa chake amakhala othandiza, makamaka ngati amakhala pafupi ndi munthu.
- Mitunduyi yalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine ndipo ikufunika kutetezedwa. Pazifukwa izi, ma hedgehogs amodzi amasungidwa m'malo osungirako ndikuyesa kuchulukitsa anthu. Ndikofunikanso kwambiri kuteteza malo awo achilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, malo owuma. Popeza ndendende kuchepa kwa malo okhala hedgehog ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa mitundu iyi.
Wotsutsa nyerere
Mwa mitundu 110 ya nyerere zamtunduwu, Russia amakhala ku Russia.Akhala m'malo ozizira, omanga zisa m'nthaka mpaka mamita angapo ndikuzama kudya zakudya. Nyerere zimasunga m'zipinda zapadera ndipo, ngati zingafunike, zichoke kuti ziume. M'banja la anthu 5000, nyerere za ankhondo zokhala ndi mitu yayikulu zimakhala ndi ntchito yapadera - zimaphika wophika: zimapera tirigu ndi mandibles, kusandutsa mtanda wouma, womwe amadyedwa ndi amisala. Antchito ogwira ntchito kumapeto kwa m'mimba amakhala ndi mbola (ovipositor yosinthidwa) - chida chodzitetezera ndikuwukira.
Nkhandwe wamba
Wotsogola wamkulu kuchokera kubanja la canine. Amadyetsa makoswe onga mbewa, osakonda kubera, mbalame, tizilombo, zovunda. Nkhandwe imalowetsa mkondowo m'madzi, ndikumukakamiza kuwongola, kenako ndikugwira nkhope yake. Ngati palibe dziwe pafupi, ndiye kuti mumangotsanulira mkodzo ndi mkodzo (ma hedgehogs nthawi zonse amatembenukira ku fungo lachilendo).
Badger
Predator kuchokera kubanja. Woyipa ali ndi fungo lakuthwa kwambiri kotero kuti amapeza zisa za mbewa, mphutsi, tizilombo, mphutsi za May bugs, zomwe amazikonda kwambiri, pamtunda wa 10 cm mobisa. Choyipa ndichimodzi mwazinyama zochepa zomwe ma hedgehogs sangathe kuzikana: miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi zibwano zazitali sizimapereka mwayi wopulumutsidwa.
DZIWANI IZI:
Nthawi zina zimapezeka kuti anthu amavulaza nyama zakuthengo osadziwa nkomwe. Mwachitsanzo, phukusi latsopano la ayisikilimu litawoneka pa intaneti ya McDonald, palibe amene ankakayikira kuwopsa kwa ma hedgehogs. Otsekemera a Spiky adapeza zikho zotayidwa ndikukhomerera mitu yawo mkati kuti ikanyambite zotsalazo. Ndipo adagwera mumsampha - mutu sunakwerere kumbuyo! Imfa zambiri zolembedwa komanso ziwonetsero zakale zochirikiza nyama zidapangitsa a McDonald kuti achepetse kukula kwa dzenje mu chikho mu 200B.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kudziwa kwa ma hedgehogs ndi fungo losadziwika: amayamba kunyambita mpaka pakumeza malovu owoneka, omwe nyama zimayika singano. Pakakhala zoopsa, ma hedgehogs nthawi zambiri amadzivulaza ndikuyamba kukulira ndowe zawo. Ma Hedgehogs amatha kuthira masingano ndi poizoni wamatayala ndipo motero ma spine awo amathanso kukhala oopsa.
MISONKHANO YOSAVUTA YA DZIKO LAPANSI
- Kalasi: anyani.
- Dongosolo: chitetezo.
- Banja: hedgehogs.
- Chingwe: chared hedgehogs.
- Mitundu: eared hedgehog.
- Dzina lachi Latin:
- Hemiechinus auritus.
- Kukula: thupi - 12-27 cm, mchira - 1-5 cm, makutu - 3-5 cm.
- Kulemera: 250-500 g.
- Kupaka utoto: kumbuyo kuchokera ku udzu wowala mpaka woderapo, tsitsi lomwe lili pamimba ndi lopepuka.
- Kukuyembekeza kukhala ndi moyo wa hedgehog: zaka 5-8.