Mvuu ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi yachiwiri kokha ku njovu zaku Africa. Rhino amathanso kupikisirana kukula ndi kulemera. Ngakhale ali ndi kutalika komanso zolemera, mvuu zimatha kukhala nyama zathanzi komanso zodwala.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, nkhumba zinkawerengedwa ngati makolo ndi abale a ziphuphu. Komabe, osati kale litali, akatswiri a zanyama - ofufuza amaika malingaliro odabwitsa a ubale wawo ndi anamgumi!
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Mchiuno ndi oimira nyama zapadera, gulu la anyani, dongosolo la artiodactyls, gawo lozungulira ngati nkhumba yosakhala yowala, banja la mvuu.
Akatswiri a zaumoyo amati kusanduka kwa nyama izi sikumveka bwinobwino. Asayansi amati oimira banja la mvuu, omwe anali ofanana ndi mbewa zamakono, adawonekera padziko lapansi zaka zopitilira mamiliyoni asanu zapitazo. Makolo akale a nyama anali osachita zachinyengo, zomwe zimatchedwa ma conditioners. Ankakhala moyo wapadera, mwachilengedwe anali osakwatiwa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Chinyama cha m'chiuno
Kulemera kwa mvuu yayikulu ndi 1200 - 3200 kilogalamu. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika mita isanu. Kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi pafupifupi 30-40 cm, kutalika kwake kufota ndizoposa mita imodzi ndi theka. Mu nyama, dimorphism imatchulidwa. Amuna ndi okulirapo komanso olemera kuposa akazi. Komanso, amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi ma fang aatali.
Chochititsa chidwi. Amuna achikulire moyo wawo wonse. Akazi amasiya kukula, kufikira zaka 25.
Mtundu wa khungu laimvi ndi imvi. Mitundu yaimvi-yapinki ilipo mozungulira maso ndi makutu. Kapangidwe kakapangidwe ka khungu ndi kochepa thupi komanso kowonda, polumikizana ndi momwe angalandire kuvulala kwakukulu ndikuvulala pakulimbana. Kupanda kutero, khungu la nyama limakhala lambiri komanso lamphamvu.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti khungu la nyama silikhala ndi thukuta komanso zotupa za sebaceous. Pali zotupa za mucous zomwe zimabisa chinsinsi chapadera chofiira. Kwa nthawi yayitali ankakhulupirira kuti awa anali magazi omwe amaphatikizira thukuta. Komabe, pophunzira ntchito zofunika komanso kapangidwe ka nyama, zidapezeka kuti chinsinsi ndi chisakanizo cha ma asidi. Madzi amenewa amateteza thupi la mvuu ku dzuwa lowopsa la ku Africa, ndipo limatenga mphamvu zowola.
Nyama zili ndi miyendo yayifupi koma yolimba kwambiri yokhala ndi miyendo yoluka. Mawonekedwe a miyendoyi amakulolani kuti musunthe mwachangu komanso mwachangu kuyenda m'madzi ndi pamtunda. Hippos ali ndi mutu waukulu komanso wolemera. Kuchuluka kwake mwa anthu ena kumatha kufika matani. Maso, makutu ndi mphuno za nyama zimakhala kumtunda kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Ikamizidwa kwathunthu, mphuno ndi maso a mvuu zimatseka, kulepheretsa madzi kulowa.
Hippos ali ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri, zolimba zomwe zimatseguka pafupifupi madigiri 160. Nsagwada zimakhala ndi ma fangisi akuluakulu ndi zinsalu. Kutalika kwake kumafika theka la mita. Mano ake ndi akuthwa kwambiri, chifukwa mukamakola chakudya nthawi zonse amawola.
Kodi mvuu imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Big Hippo
Monga malo okhala, nyama zimasankha malo omwe madzi opanda madzi amapezeka. Itha kukhala madambo, mitsinje, nyanja. Kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera mita awiri, popeza nyama zimafuna kumiza thupi lonse m'madzi. Masana, nyama zimakonda kugona kapena kuphika padzuwa, m'madzi osaya, kapena kusambira m'maenje akuluakulu amatope. Kutayamba kwamdima, nyama zimakonda kukhala pamtunda. Nyama zimakonda madamu amchere.
Madera okhala malo okhala nyama:
Pakadali pano, nyama zimangokhala kokha pagawo la Africa, kumwera kwa Sahara, kupatula chilumba cha Madagascar. Kuyambira makumi asanu ndi limodzi a zana lino, malo okhala nyama sanasinthe. Hippos anazimiririka kokha kuchokera ku gawo la South Africa. Anthu okha okhala m'malo otetezedwa m'mapaki adzikoli ndi malo otetezedwa ndi okhazikika.
Mvuu zimayesetsa kupewa nyanja. Sizingakhale zopanda pake kuti azikhala m'malo osungira madzi. Nyama zimafunikira dziwe kuti likhale lalikulupo kuti likhazikitse ng'ombe, komanso kuti isume pachaka chonse. Mvuu zimafuna zigwa za udzu pafupi ndi matupi amadzi zomwe zimathandizira ngati nyama. Madzi akadzauma nthawi yachilala chachikulu, nyama zimayendayenda pofunafuna malo ena osambiramo.
Kodi mvuu amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mvuu m'chilengedwe
Chinyama chachikulu komanso champhamvu kwambiri ndi herbivore. Kukada, nyama zimapita kumtunda kuti zikadye. Popeza kulemera ndi kukula kwa thupi, amafunikira chakudya chochuluka. Nthawi imodzi amatha kudya ma kilogalamu 50 a zakudya zamasamba. Pafupifupi mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu zitha kuphatikizidwa mukudya nyama. Komabe, mbewu zam'madzi sizabwino ngati chakudya cha mvuu.
Pakusowa chakudya, nyama zimatha kuyenda mtunda wina. Komabe, sangathe kuyenda mtunda wautali komanso wautali. Zakudya za nyama zimaphatikizapo pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse chachikhalidwe - mphukira za zitsamba, mabango, udzu, ndi zina zambiri. Samadya mizu ndi zipatso za mbewu, popeza alibe chofunda choti angachotsepo ndi kukumba.
Pafupifupi, chakudya chimodzi cha nyama chimatenga pafupifupi maola anayi ndi theka. Milomo yayitali, yayitali imagwira ntchito yolanda chakudya. M'lifupi mulomo umodzi mumafika theka la mita. Izi zimapereka mwayi kuti mvuu zimang'ambe msipu ngakhale zomera wandiweyani. Mano akulu akulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama ngati mpeni kudula chakudya.
Kudya kumatha mbandakucha. Chakudya chikatha, mvuu zimabwereranso dziwe. Mvuu sizidutsa mtunda wopitilira makilomita awiri kuchokera kuchosungira. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 1-1,5% ya thupi lonse. Anthu am'banja la mvuu akapanda kudya chakudya chokwanira, amayamba kufooka komanso kufooka.
Kupatula pokhapokha, pamakhala nthawi zina kudya nyama ndi nyama. Komabe, akatswiri a zanyama amati zoterezi zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zaumoyo kapena zopatuka zina mwazomwe zimachitika. Chimbudzi cha m'chiuno sichinapangidwe kuti tizigaya nyama.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Mvuu m'madzi
Mvuu ndi nyama zoweta ndipo zimakhala mgulu. Chiwerengero cha magulu akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana - kuchokera awiri kapena atatu mpaka awiri mpaka atatu. Wamphongo nthawi zonse amakhala mutu wa gulu. Wamphongo wamkulu nthawi zonse amapereka utsogoleri wake molondola. Amuna nthawi zambiri amamenya nkhondo molimbana ndi ufulu wanthawi yayitali, komanso ngati ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi mkazi.
Mvuu yogonjetsedwa imakonda kufa chifukwa cha mabala ambiri omwe amangidwa ndi ma fangala amphamvu komanso owopsa. Kulimbana kwa utsogoleri pakati pa amuna kumayamba akafika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Izi zikuwonekera pakufalikira, kumera, kubalalitsa manyowa ndi kulumikizana nsagwada. Pofuna mtendere ndi bata m'bulu ndi akazi.
Sizachilendo kuti magulu akhale gawo lina lomwe amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse. Masana masana, nthawi zambiri amagona kapena kusamba mumatope. Pakakhala mdima, amatuluka m'madzi ndikudya. Sizachilendo kuti nyama izindikiritse gawo pofalitsa manyowa. Chifukwa chake, amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja komanso malo odyetserako ziweto.
Mkati mwa ziweto, nyama zimalankhulana pogwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana. Amapanga mawu ofanana ndi miseche, kumenyetsa, kapena kubangula. Izi zikumveketsa mauthenga osiyanasiyana osati pamtunda wokha, komanso m'madzi. Kuyika ndi mutu woweramitsidwa kumatanthauza kupembedzera kwa achikulire, odziwa zambiri m'gululo.
Chochititsa chidwi. Mahipu amatha kupanga mawu ngakhale atamizidwa kwathunthu m'madzi.
Nthawi zambiri thupi la nyama likakhala m'madzi, limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame ngati malo osambira. Kuchitira limodzi zinthu kumathandizanso, chifukwa mbalame zimachotsa mvuu zambiri za tizilombo tomwe zimayambitsa thupi la chimphona.
Mahipu atangoyamba kuwoneka osasangalatsa komanso opanda chidwi. Amatha kuthamanga mpaka 35 km / h. Palibe chodabwitsa kuti amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yosasinthika komanso yoopsa padziko lapansi. Mphamvu zodabwitsa komanso ma fang akuluakulu akuluakulu zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupirira ngakhale ndi alligator yayikulu mu nthawi. Zowopsa zake ndi zazimphongo zazimuna ndi zazikazi, zomwe ndi ana awo. Mvuu imatha kupondaponda, kuiluma, ikuluma ndi ma fangayi akuluakulu, kapena kuikoka pansi pamadzi.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Hippo Cub
Hippos samakonda kupanga awiriawiri. Komabe, sizifunikira izi, chifukwa nthawi zonse gulu limakhala ndi munthu wamkazi yemwe akusaka. Amuna amasankha mnzake kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mosamala. Amamuyang'ana, osusuka. Kusankha kwa bwenzi ndi chibwenzi sikungokhala, osakhazikika komanso odekha. Amuna amayesetsa kupewa mikangano ndi anthu amphamvu. Akaziwo akangoyankha chibwenzi, mwamunayo amamutsogolera. Kutali ndi gululi, kukhala pachibwenzi kumapangitsa munthu kukhala wosangalatsa komanso wokhumudwitsa. Njira yakukhwima imachitika m'madzi.
Pambuyo pa masiku 320, mwana amabadwa. Asanabadwe, mkaziyo amakhala wankhanza modabwitsa. Samalola aliyense kutseka. Pofuna kuti asadzivulaze iye kapena mwana wake wosabadwa m'boma lino, akufunafuna thupi lamadzi losaya. Amabadwa kale ndi mwana ali ndi milungu iwiri. Makanda obadwa kumene ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso ofooka. Unyinji wawo ndi pafupifupi 20 kilogalamu.
Amayi amayesetsa kuteteza khandalo, chifukwa amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati nyama mosavuta ngati olimba mtima kulimbana ndi akuluakulu, mvuu zamphamvu. Pambuyo pobwerera m'gululo, amuna achikulire komanso olimba amasamalira ana. Ana amkaka amkaka amamwa mpaka chaka chimodzi. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, amalowa zakudya zamasiku onse. Komabe, mvuu zimakhala ndi moyo wosiyana pokhapokha atatha kutha msinkhu - pafupifupi zaka 3 mpaka 3,5.
Nthawi yayitali yomwe nyama zimayembekezereka imakhala zaka 35-40. M'mikhalidwe yokumbira, imachulukitsa zaka 15-20. Pali ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kukhala ndi moyo wamtsogolo ndi kuchotsa mano. Mano a m'chiuno akamatha, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimatsika kwambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a mvuu
Chithunzi: Hippo ku Africa
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, mphamvu ndi mphamvu, mvuu sizimakhala ndi adani m'chilengedwe. Zoyang'anira zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa ana, komanso nyama zodwala kapena zofooka. Mamba ndi chiopsezo ku mvuu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kulimbana ndi anthu am'banja la mikoko, mikango, ziphuphu, ndi nyalugwe. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchokera pa zolakwa za omwe amadwalawa amafa kuyambira 15 mpaka 30% ya achinyamata mpaka chaka. Nthawi zambiri, pansi pa zochitika za ana amphaka, anthu akuluakulu amatha kupondaponda.
Choopsa chachikulu komanso chifukwa chakuchepa kwambiri kwa chiwerengero cha mvuu ndi mwamunayo ndi zochita zake. Nyama zinafafanizidwa ndi anthu zochuluka kwambiri chifukwa cha nyama. M'mayiko ambiri a ku Africa, mbale zopangidwa kuchokera ku nyama ya m'chiuno zimawoneka kuti ndi zotheka. Ndizofanana ndi nkhumba, ndipo zimakoma ngati ng'ombe. Chofunika kwambiri ndi khungu ndi mafupa a nyama. Zipangizo zapadera zopukutira ndi kudula miyala yamtengo wapatali zimapangidwa kuchokera pakhungu, ndipo mafupa ndiwofunika kwambiri ndipo ndi amtengo wapatali kuposa njovu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Hippopotamus
Pazaka khumi zapitazi, m'chiuno anthu akuchepa kwambiri, pofika 15-20%. Mu gawo la maiko pafupifupi 12, kuyambira 125,000 mpaka 150,000 anthu otsala.
Zifukwa zazikulu zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa zinyama:
- Chiwonetsero. Ngakhale zoletsa izi kuwononga nyama, nyama zambiri zimafa chaka chilichonse. Nyama zomwe zimakhala mosatetezeka zimakonda kupha nsomba.
- Kutulutsidwa kwa malo okhala. Kuyanika kwamadzi abwino, madzi osambira, ndikusintha kwa mitsinje kumapangitsa kuti nyama zizifa, popeza sizitha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Kukula kwa anthu akumadera okulirapo, chifukwa chomwe malo ndi kupezeka kwa malo odyetserako madzi kumachepetsedwa.
Msungi wa m'chiuno
Chithunzi: Buku Lofiira la Hippo
M'madera omwe mvuu zimakhala zambiri, kusaka nyama izi ndizoletsedwa. Kuphwanya izi kumafuna udindo woyang'anira ndi wolakwa. Komanso, kuti achulukitse kuchuluka kwawo, mapaki adziko ndi malo otetezedwa akupangidwa, omwe akutetezedwa. Njira zonse zomwe zikuchitika zikuchitikanso popewa kuyamwa kwamadzi abwino.
Ndi mvuu zazing'onoting'ono zokha zomwe zimalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse. Anapatsidwa mwayi wokhala pafupi kutha. Maonekedwe, milingo, kutalika kwa thupi ndi kukula kwa mavuyu zimagwira ndikuwonjezera mantha. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mvuu zimakonda kuvutitsa anthu kuposa ena onse omwe amadyera mu Africa. Mokwiya komanso mokwiya, nyamayi ndi wakupha mwankhanza komanso wowopsa.