Munthu wokhala kudera laku Europe, nkhalango yowuma, chifukwa cha mtundu wake wamdima umadziwikanso kuti wakuda kapena wamdima. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yaobiriwira pamtundu wachilengedwe, yopatsa utoto wamtundu wosiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera Kwambiri
Kufalikira kwa nkhalango zachilengedwe kuthengo kwachulukitsa mitundu:
- mtundu wanyumba, kapena furo, ndi mtundu wakuda, bulauni, woyera kapena wosakaniza.
- albino Ferret ndi nyama yokhala ndi utoto woyera wa ubweya.
Mtondo wakuda wakuthengo umadziwika kuti ndi nyama yaubweya yokhala ndi ubweya wofunikira, koma ochepa ake amaletsa kusaka. Anthu okhala kumidzi sakonda nyama zodya nkhalango chifukwa cha chibadwa chawo chofunafuna nyama, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera nyama zakutchire ku nyumba za nkhuku. Komabe, yaying'ono kukula, imagwira ntchito ngati nkhonya ya makoswe, yomwe imabweretsa zabwino zosatheka.
Black Forest Ferret ndiyotetezedwa m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi ndipo yalembedwa mu Red Book.
Kafotokozedwe kwakunja kwa nkhalango yamtchire sikusiyana kwenikweni ndi kufotokozera kwa achibale ambiri motsatira ndondomeko ya martens, omwe akufanana. Monga lamulo, awa ndi nyama zazifupi zazing'ono zazitali zokhala ndi mikanda yakuthwa komanso yayitali. Thupi lawo limakhala lalitali 0,36-0.48 m, limatha ndi mchira wautali, mpaka 17 cm. Kulemera kwa nkhalango wamba kumatalika kuyambira 0,4 mpaka 038 kg, pomwe unyinji wazimayi ndi wocheperapo nthawi 1.5, kuposa amuna, mchira wawo umakhalanso wofupika: mpaka 15 cm.
Mtengo wachikulire wakuthengo ungathe kuzindikiridwa ndi mtundu wake: m'mimba wakuda, maondo, dera la khosi, khosi ndi mchira, popanda kusiyana kwakukulu, komwe kumasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ya steppe. Mwanjira zina, anthu ofiira kapena azungu oyera amapezeka.
Chowoneka mosiyana osati nkhalango zokha, komanso ma trokees ena ndi chigoba cha nkhope: mawonekedwe osiyanitsa ena.
Kuluma kwa tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala pansi pa mchira wake kumatulutsa chinsinsi chomwe chimanunkhira bwino kwambiri ndipo ndi njira yotsatsira anthu opanda nzeru m'nkhalangoyi.
Habitat
Dera lozungulira nkhalango limafalikira kudera lonse la kontinenti ya Europe. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya polecat imatha kupezeka m'malo onse a Western Europe, mosasamala kanthu kuti malo omwe amakhalamo amakhala ochepa. Chigawo chachikulu cha nkhalango chimawerengedwa ku England komanso ku Russia konse, kupatula malo m'chigawo cha Lower Volga komanso madera a Caucasus, komanso kudutsa North Karelia.
Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa nkhalango kukuyenda molowera kumalire a dziko la Finland. Pali oyimilira angapo oyipa akuda m'nkhalango kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa.
Nthawi ina kale, nkhalango yamtchire idatengedwa kuti igawidwe ku gawo la New Zealand. Cholinga chachikulu chokulitsa nyamazi kumalo okhala zatsopano chinali nkhondo yolimbana ndi makoswe: mbewa ndi makoswe. Komabe, mitengo ya m'nkhalango, yosinthika mosavuta ndikuyambira mizu yatsopanoyo, idayamba kuwopseza nzika zachilengedwe zaku New Zealand.
Zizolowezi
Mwachilengedwe, mitengo yamatchire ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimatha kupirira nyama zazikulu. Nyama imasaka ikafika nthawi yamdima, masana ikagona m'misasa, yomwe simakonda kutuluka masana. Amagwira dzanja lake kuthamanga kapena kulondera pafupi ndi zotchingira.
Chifukwa chofuna kusaka m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, nkhalangoyi inali yopanda dzina.
Zomera zamtchire zimagawidwa ngati nyama zakutchire zomwe zimangokhala kumalo enaake. Monga malo okhala, nyamayo imakonda malo okhala yaying'ono yaying'ono ngati mitengo yakugwa, zitsa zowola, malo okhala. Nthawi zina, nkhalangoyi imakhala m'mabowo a anthu ena - nyumba zakale za mbidzi ndi nkhandwe. M'madera am'mudzi ndi m'mudzimo, nyamazo zimakhazikika m'matumba ndi ma cellars, nthawi zina zimadzipangira zokhazokha pansi pamadenga osamba.
Nthawi zambiri, nkhalangoyi imayamba kutuluka.
Pamalo okhalamo, mitengo ya zipatso zadzuwa imasankha nkhalango zazing'ono komanso malo okumbikakumbika. Kupewetsa mitengo ya m'nkhalango kukhazikika munkhokwe. Nthawi zambiri zalafi zimapezeka kutali ndi mitsinje komanso pafupi ndi malo ena osungira. Nyama iyi imatha kusambira, komabe, siyimasiyana mu maluso owonjezereka, mosiyana ndi ma mink ake a ku Europe.
Maonekedwe a chikondwerero chakuda
Mimbulu imawoneka ngati aliyense wam'banja la ofera: thupi lamatupi okhala ndi miyendo yayifupi, kumapeto kwake kuli zibwano zazitali.
Nyamayi imakhala ndi thupi lokwanira kusintha. Zonenepa zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana kutengera malo omwe amakhala.
Amuna ndi azitali 35 mpaka 46 masentimita, zazikazi ndizocheperapo ndi theka - masentimita 29- 39. Kutalika kwa mchira wamphongo ndi 12-17 cm, chifukwa chachikazi ndi 29-39 cm.
Zotupa ndi nyama zamphongo.
Kulemera kwa nyama yachikulire kumachokera ku 1 mpaka 1.5 kg. mwa amuna, kulemera kwa mkazi kumakwanira magalamu 650-800.
Mtundu wa ubweya wonyowa nthawi yozizira ndi wakuda bii komanso wamkaso yoyera-wachikaso, womwe sunapezeke mozungulira mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi - miyendo yakumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa undercoat yophimbidwa kwathunthu ndi tsitsi lakuda.
Khosi lachiberekero, chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndi zakuda kapena zofiirira zakuda, ubweya womwe umakhala m'manja mwake umakhala wakuda kapena wakuda wokhala ndi tint yoyera. Mtundu wa tsitsi pach nkhope cha nthenga umafanana ndi "chigoba". Kumaso ndi m'mbali mwa mphuno, chovalacho ndi chofiirira, ndipo chozungulira ndichoyera. Malangizo a makutu ozungulira a nyama amakhalanso ndi malire oyera.
M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya umasinthika kukhala waung'ono, wamfupi komanso wamtunda. Boti lamkati limakhala lofiirira nthawi yotentha ndipo silinapangidwe bwino.
Ma nkhalango angapo.
Forest Ferret Behavior and Nutrition
Kukhazikika kwa malo okhala akhungu ndi nkhalango, malo obisalamo minda ndi mitengo. Malo enaake oti munthu akole kusaka ndi m'mphepete mwa matondo: kumbali inayo, malo otseguka ofunikira kusaka, inayo - kuyandikira kwa nkhalango komwe mungabisike.
Zonunkhira zimasambira bwino, komabe, ziwalo zina pabanja zimachita bwino, mwachitsanzo, ma mink. Mbawala yakuda imagwiritsa ntchito nkhandwe kapena mabala omata kuti apange khola, amadzipukula yekha ndi burows. Nyamayi imatha kuthawira kumalo osungira, mwachitsanzo, khola, m'nyumba yosambira, komanso m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pankhuni.
Nthawi zambiri kuyandikana ndi anthu kumapangitsa mkwiyo kuwukira nyama zapakhomo - mbalame zingapo ndi akalulu. Chifukwa chake, okhala kumidzi nthawi zambiri amawonongeka ndipo samakonda zoipitsa.
Zotupa ndizabwino kwambiri.
Koma amalemekeza nyama yaying'onoyi kuti ichotse mbewa, zomwe ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chakudya. Zonenepa zimaphatikizanso njoka, mavu, achule, mbalame, tating'onoting'ono, tizilombo tambiri ndi zovunda. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene zipatso zazifupi sizikupezeka, adawoneka akuwononga ming'oma.
Katundu wakuda amadyera usiku, masana okha ndi chakudya champhamvu chomwe chitha kuchititsa kuti achire atuluke. The ferret amayang'anira chakudya chomwe amakonda - makoswe osiyanasiyana ooneka ngati mbewa, pafupi ndi mink kapena amagwira kuthamanga. Akagwira wolakwayo, amupha ndi kuluma m'khosi. Ziwawa ndi asaka aukali komanso opanda mantha omwe amazunza nyama yomwe ili yayikulu kwambiri. Wina wakuda amakhala pagawo lake, koma osalemba chizindikirocho ndipo nthawi zambiri amagawana ndi ena oimira mitundu ya kugonana.
Banja la zopweteka patchuthi.
Kuswana
Nyengo yakuberekera mu ferrets imayamba mu Epulo-Meyi. Masiku 40-43 atatenga pakati, ana amabadwa.
Chiwerengero cha ma cubs chimasiyana kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 10. Ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso osathandiza - amalemera magalamu 10 okha, 55-70 mm kutalika, akhungu komanso ogontha. Pakatha sabata, zipsera zatsopano zimapangidwa ndi ubweya wa silika yoyera, ali ndi mwezi umodzi, mtundu wa chovala cha ubweya umasinthidwa kukhala bulauni.
Amayi amadyetsa ana awo mkaka kwa milungu itatu, ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi akulu pazaka zitatu. Chizindikiro chazinthu zazimayi zakuda ndikudzipereka kwawo komanso kulimba mtima komwe amateteza ana awo.
Zingwe zazing'ono zimakhwima pofika zaka zakubadwa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Constitution
Mtchireretret imakhala ndi thupi lalitali. Ndiosinthika kwambiri komanso squat. Miyendo ya nyama ndiyifupi, wokalamba kwambiri komanso wamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti nguluwe imangoyenda pansi pamene ikugwada kuti igwire.
Kuchuluka kwa nkhalango kuchuluka kwake:
- Kulemera - kumasiyana makilogalamu 1 mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu,
- kutalika thupi lonse - kuyambira 35 mpaka 50 cm,
- kutalika kwam mchira - kuchokera 15 mpaka 17 cm.
Ndikofunikira. Makulidwe awa ndi amphongo, pomwe akazi ndi ochepa nthawi ndi theka kuposa iwo.
Mtundu
Popeza nyamayi imatchedwa kuti blackretret, sizovuta kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu uti womwe umakonda kwambiri. Utoto umachokera ku imvi yakuda mpaka wakuda kwathunthu. M'malo mwake, nyama izi, ubweya umakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri, koma mtunduwo umatsimikiziridwa ndi tsitsi lakumbuyo, lomwe limakhala lakuda kapena lofiirira wakuda.
Kuthengo, mutha kupeza anthu omwe ali ndi chovala chopepuka. Kuphatikiza zakuda, palinso izi:
Mosasamala mtundu wamtundu, nyama sizimakhala monophonic (kupatula ma alubino). Komabe mithunzi yamdima imapezekabe. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotereyi imafotokozedwa ndikuti nyama zamtchire zimalumikizana ndi abale awo apamtima - steppe ferrets. Ngakhale mitundu iwiriyi imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, zachilengedwe zimasiyanasiyana. Komanso, amatha kubereka ana omwe amatha kubereka.
Thandizo Nthawi zambiri, mitengo yamatondo pamimba zawo, mchira ndi miyendo yake imakhala yakuda kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Pali chovala choyera kumaso chomwe chimathandiza kuti nyamayo ibisike bwino.
Zojambula
Nyama iyi ili ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe imasiyanitsa ndi achibale ena.
Choyamba - ubweya. Kachulukidwe kake ndimakhala ndichizolowezi. Koma nyamayo imakongoletsa kutalika kwake. Kutalika kwa tsitsi kumbuyo kumatha kufika masentimita 6. M'chilimwe, undercoat sikuwoneka yokongola kwambiri ndipo siziwala choncho, koma pofika nthawi yophukira, mawonekedwe a nkhwangwa amasintha kwambiri kukhala abwino.
Mutuwo, ndi owuwumbika. Mmbali zimakutidwa pang'ono. Kusintha kuchokera kumutu kupita m'khosi kumakhala kosalala. Makutu sakhala okwera kwambiri, kutalika kwake m'munsi. Maso a nyamayi ndi yaying'ono komanso yofiirira, ndipo imawonekanso okongola kwambiri.
Mawotchi a ferret ndi oterapo komanso amafupikitsa. Miyendo yakumbuyo imatsika pang'ono kuposa kutsogolo. Poyang'ana koyamba, zitha kuwoneka kuti nyamayo ndi yosasangalatsa, koma ayi. The ferret amatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo kuwonetsa kukhudzika kwapadera.
Zinyama Zamtchire Zakuthengo
Nyama yamtchire iyi ndi nyama yokhazikika. The ferret imalumikizidwa kumalo ena ake. HNthawi zambiri amakhala m'misasa yaying'ono yaying'ono. Itha kukhala nkhuni, malovu kapena chitsa chowola. Zimachitikanso kuti akhungu amayamba kukhala m'makola a anthu ena, pomwe nkhandwe ndi zoyambira zinakhalapo.
Ngati mudziwo sunakhale kutali, ndiye kuti nyamayo imatha kukhazikika m'makola ndi m'matanthwe, komanso kumanga pobisalira pansi padenga lake.
Thandizo Zomera za m'nkhalango pafupifupi sizimakumba zake zokha.
Malo abwino okhalamo nkhalango zachikasu ndi nkhalango zangokhala chete ndi malo obisika. Nyama izi sizimakonda kukhazikika mu taiga.
Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena malo ena osungira. Wotchera nkhalango amatha kusambira, koma sakuwawonetsa luso pankhaniyi, mosiyana ndi amzake aku Europe a mink.
Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe
Khosi lakuda lalitali limakhala lolimba mtima nthawi zonse. Atha kukhala aukali. Akakumana ndi mdani yemwe azikhala wamphamvu komanso wamkulu kuposa iye, ndiye kuti nkhalangoyi sidzawopseza, idzamenya molimba mtima.
Chilombochi chimakhalanso ndi malingaliro omwewa kwa omwe akuchitidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati alowa pa nkhuku, amatafuna mbalame imodzi yokha, ndipo amangosokoneza ena onse. Mwachilengedwe, machitidwe ake sasintha. Akapeza chisa cha mbalame, amapha aliyense amene ali mmenemo, ngakhale azidya pang'ono.
Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe awo
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ferret - fret ndi furo.
Ferret - mtundu wa ferret unalandira dzina. Choyimira chokongoletsera chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi ubweya wokongola komanso wowoneka bwino. Itha kukhala ya peyala, yosalala kapena golide. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa thupi lake kumasiyana 25 mpaka 50 cm, ndipo kulemera - kuchokera 800 mpaka 2500 g.
Nyamayi imalumikizana ndi anthu, imagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo imakonda kuphunzira dziko lapansi. Mtunduwu umagona kwambiri. Amatha kuwira kwa maola 20. Makamaka, imayamba kugona kwambiri ndikubwera kwa nyengo yozizira.
Koma nyamayo imabwereketsa bwino kuti iphunzitse. Ndiosavuta kuzolowera threyi. Mutha kumamuyenda motsutsana ndi mseu.
Iyenera kudyetsedwa:
- phala ndi nyama,
- mbewa zopatsa thanzi
- chakudya chowuma
- nyongolotsi.
Ndikofunikira. Sizoletsedwa kudyetsa ferret nthawi imodzi ndi chakudya chouma komanso zakudya zosaphika. Muyenera kusankha imodzi.
Furo - ndi albino. Ubweya wake ndi woyera, popeza mulibe melanin m'thupi. Komanso, ubweya umatha kukhudza champagne. Osowa kwambiri anthu omwe amawoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino.
Kutalika kwakanthawi kwamthupi kumayambira 25 mpaka 24 cm.Malemera pafupifupi 400. Furo ali ndi gawo lodziwika bwino - maso ofiira owala.
Amakonda akakhala ndi chidwi ndi iye. Zosangalatsa zabwino kwa iye ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidyetsa ndi izi:
- nsomba zatsopano
- masamba
- nyama yankhuku ndi mazira,
- ng'ombe.
Ndikofunikira. Furo saloledwa kudyetsa maswiti, chifukwa izi zitha kuchititsa kuti nyamayo iphedwe.
Zakudya Zamtchire
Zoyala za m'nkhalango ndizodya mbewe. Zakudya zawo zambiri zimakhala ndi makoko ang'onoang'ono monga ma voles akumunda. Ngati kunja kwadzala, nguluwe imatha kutsegulira kusaka kwa timiyendo ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono amadzi. Imatha kusaka mbalame ndi njoka zazing'onoting'ono, koma sizichita kawirikawiri. Zitha kudya zakudya zazikulu, monga dzombe.
Ngati chiweto chikukhala pafupi ndi mudziwo, chitha kugwiranso akalulu ndi nkhuku.
Adani a Zazitondo Zamtchire
Popeza wakuda wakuda sakhala wamkulu, ali ndi adani ambiri kuthengo omwe angamupweteketse kapena kumupha.
Choyamba, awa ndi mimbulu. Ziwopsa kwambiri kwa nyama. Ngakhale otsirizawa amatha kuthamanga, zimawavuta kwambiri kuti abisale kwa nyama yayikulu pamalo otseguka pomwe palibe.
Kusamba kwa nyengo yachisanu, nkhandwe makamaka nthawi zambiri zimayamba kulimbana ndi nthenga. Izi ndichifukwa mwina sipangakhale mbewa kapena pali ochepa kwambiri mwakuti nkhandwe sikokwanira. Masewera achilengedwe ndiwovuta kwambiri, kotero sizotheka kuti azigwira.
Palinso mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimadyera nyama yankhalango. Masana - awa ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi abuluzi, ndipo usiku - owow mphungu ndi kadzidzi.
Lynx - amakonda kukhutiritsa zolimba ndi njala yake. Mphaka wamtchire uyu ali ndi mano akuthwa kwambiri, kuposa pamenepo, ndi osalimba komanso achinyengo, ngati angapeze nyama yaying'ono, ndiye kuti alibe mwayi wopulumutsidwa.
Ngati nyama zing'onozing'onozi zimakhala mdera lomwelo, agalu osochera amathanso kuwaukira.
Koma, mwachizolowezi, mdani wowopsa kwambiri wazovuta zakuda ndi munthu. Ndi chifukwa cha iye kuti anthu awo amatha kuwononga kwathunthu, chifukwa chake nyamayo yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Kodi nkhalango yowopsa ndiyani (black ferret)
Ngakhale kuti nyamazo ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zimatha kusungidwa kunyumba, anthu omwe amakhala m'malo achilengedwe amatha kuvulaza anthu.
Nthawi zambiri, izi zimagwira ntchito ku nkhuku, zomwe zimasunthika pakukwera m'mathengo.Nthawi zina nyama ikafuna kupha ziweto zonse.
Ngakhale zodetsa zakuda zimatha kupatsira anthu matenda a chiwewe. Chifukwa chake, ngati chiweto chidaluma, muyenera kupita kuchipatala.
Pomaliza
Forest ferret ndi nyama yaying'ono yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kutha kwake komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Amakhala munkhalango, koma amakhala kunyumba.
Ndife eni makona odulidwa padziko lapansi 😜
Ngati mukuwona kuti sizolondola kapena simukugwirizana ndi wolemba nkhaniyi, lembani malingaliro anu pansipa
