Nsomba za Rasp zimakhala ndi thupi lochepera, lopendekeka pang'ono kumbali. Mbali zonse ziwiri ndi mizere isanu mbali iliyonse. Ndi m'modzi yekha amene amapitilira mzere waukulu wamkati mwa thupi.
Nsombazo zimakhala ndi mitundu yakuda bii komanso yowala, nthawi zonse zimasinthana. Chovala cham imvi champhamvu chaching'ono chakumaso chakuda chimakongoletsa kumbuyo kwa rasp. M'mimba komanso m'munsi mwa mutu mumakhala wachikasu.
Asodzi ambiri a Kamchatka amakonda kusaka nsomba. Gawo lalikulu la rasp limakhala m'madzi a North Kuril Islands ndi South Kamchatka. Nthawi zina nsomba zamtunduwu zimatha kuwoneka kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Bering.
Red rasp (Hexagrammos lagocephalus).
Kutalika kwambiri kwa ma rasp ofiira (hare-mutu) ndi 57 masentimita ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 2 kg. M'nyengo yozizira, nsomba zimatsika mpaka mamita 300-500.
Koma kale nthawi yamasika imayandikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo posakhalitsa imapita kumayiko ena. Makoswe amatuluka akuya kosaposa mamitala 20. Kuti achite izi, amasankha madera omwe ali ndi mafunde amphamvu ndi dothi lamiyala.
Terpug ili ndi mayina ambiri.
Terpug ili ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Amatchedwa perch, rasp wofiira komanso ngakhale lens lens. Pakati pa akatswiri a ichthyologists, rasp nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Kuril kapena kalulu. Ndizomwe dzina lake limamvekera m'Chilatini.
Rip yofiira imatchedwa kuti mutu.
Mbawala kapena mutu wa mutu wokhala ndi njoka amakhala kumadzi aku kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Pacific. Ma Habitats ndi madzi aku Asia kuyambira ku Yellow mpaka ku Nyanja za Bering. Anawonekeranso mobwerezabwereza kumadera ambiri aku America mpaka ku California. Koma kudzikundikira kwakukulu kwambiri kwa Kuril rasp kumakhazikika m'malo a Kuril Islands komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kamchatka. Terpug imadziwika kuti ndi nsomba yayikulu. Kukula kwake kwakutali ndi 60cm kutalika kwake ndi 60 kg. Terpugs, monga nsomba zina zambiri, nthawi zambiri zimasamukira. Amakonda kutuluka m'madzi ofunda a m'mphepete mwa nyanja yopanda kupitirira 30. Akazi amtundu wachikazi amayamba kuyikira mazira kuyambira nthawi yachilimwe. Kuti achite izi, amasankha malo okhala ngati miyala.
Ripp wofiyira nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Far East ku Russia.
Mtundu wogawanika wa caviar umayambitsa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Izi zimayamba ndi amuna kusankha malo abwino kwambiri. Pambuyo pokhapokha pomwe akazi amabwera pamenepo ndikudziikira mazira. Akaziwo amasiya malo omwe amakhala, ndipo amphongo amakhala pomwepo ndipo amateteza nkhandwezo kufikira atabadwa. Monga lamulo, amuna akuluakulu kwambiri okhala ndi mitundu yowala amatenga nawo mbali pang'onopang'ono. Amuna amakhala ndi ana mpaka nthawi yophukira isanachitike. Kenako nyamazo zimasunthira kuzama kwa nthawi yozizira.
Ma Terpug ndi omnivores.
Kuril rasp ndi nsomba yopanda tanthauzo. Amadyetsedwa bwino ma crustaceans osiyanasiyana, ma mollusks ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Nthawi zina imatha kupindula ndi nsomba za mitundu ina, kuphatikizapo oyandikana nawo.
Terpug si nsomba yakuwedza unyinji, koma asodzi amakulandila mukakola nsomba.
Terpug simuli mu nsomba yayikulu yamalonda. M'malo mwake, amagwiritsa ntchito ngati kugwira nsomba pang'ono pogwira nsomba zina. Koma asodzi amakonda kugwira nsomba izi, zimatulutsa pafupifupi chilichonse ndipo mkati mwake, makamaka munyengo yotentha, zimasangalatsa okonda nsomba a Kamchatka.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kufotokozera
Monga zilombo monga zilombo, phula-lakhtali limakhala ndi thupi lokhazikika lomwe limakutidwa ndi mamba wandiweyani wa cycloid. M'modzi mwa asodzi, anthu nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupifupi 50 cm, komabe kutalika kwa thupi la nyama yolusa imeneyi imatha kufika mita imodzi ndi theka. Kutengera mitundu, kulemera kwa molt kumatha kuyambira 2 mpaka 60 kg. Malipiro a dorsal amatha kukhala olimba kapena kugawidwa m'magawo awiri. Nsomba zimatha kukhala ndi mizere inanso kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 5, zomwe zimatengera mitundu yake.
Zosangalatsa! Monga mabass a mitsinje, rasp ali ndi kutengera kwambiri ndipo amatha kusintha mtundu mwachangu.
Nthawi zambiri, anthu amtundu wamtundu wakuda ndi wakuda amapezeka. Pathupi lake pali mikwingwirima ingapo yomwe imagwira ntchito yolumikizira ndipo imapangitsa nsomba kukhala zosaoneka kutalika kwa nthaka. Monga bass mtsinje, kamwa yayikulu ya mutu wamkati imakhala ndi mano ambiri ang'ono. Maso akulu adakulitsa chidwi chamaso ndipo amatha kusintha mosaka malo osungirako amadzi komwe kumakhalabe kuwala.
Terpug - nsomba zam'nyanja kapena zamtsinje?
Chifukwa chofanana ndi bass ya mitsinje, asodzi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti rasp perch imapezeka m'madzi abwino, koma izi sizowona. Terpug ndi nsomba wamba zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi amchere amchere ndi nyanja. Mtundu wamtsinje wa mitsinje ulibe maubwenzi akutali ndi woyimilira wapamadziyu ndipo amangofanana ndi zina zakunja.
Kodi mavu ali kuti?
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rasp imapezeka pafupifupi kumpoto konse kwa Pacific. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha nsombazi chimakhala ku Avacha Bay, komwe samangogwira nsomba, komanso usodzi wamakedzana. M'derali, hareeve imatha kupezeka pafupi kwambiri ndi gombe, momwe kuya kwake kuli pafupifupi 20 mita.
Kukhetsa kumatha kupezeka pagombe lonse la Asia, kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Yellow mpaka Nyanja ya Barents. Malo omwe amakhala amakhala mpaka gombe lonse la America. Komabe, unyinji waukulu wa nsomba zamtunduwu umakhala kudera la Russian Federation, ku zilumba za Kuril komanso pafupi ndi gombe la Kamchatka.
Zosiyanasiyana
Banja la rasp lili ndi mitundu 3 ya majera ndi mitundu 9. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yamtundu wa zisanza zobayira:
Mawonekedwe amodzi amasiyana ndi oyimira ena amtunduwu kupezeka kwa mzere wotsatira. Kukula kwake kwakukulu sikuli kupitirira 30 cm, ndichifukwa chake sichokondweretsa kwambiri kusodza kwa mafakitale ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi asodzi amateur. Kwa mutu wamtambo umodzi, utoto wachikasu wokhala ndi mawanga a bulauni kumbali ndi mawonekedwe. Pamutu pali awiriawiri a mkodzo. Mtunduwu umadziwikanso ndi zipsepse zazikulu za pectoral za mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Imapezeka m'mphepete mwa Northern China ndi Japan. Ku Russia, mutu wamtambo umodzi ulibe anthu ambiri ndipo nthawi zina umangobwera m'madzi a Peter the Great Bay.
Mitundu yaku America imatha kukula mpaka 60 cm ndipo imakhala ndi unyinji woposa 2 kg. Chiyembekezo chazamoyo zamtunduwu ndi pafupifupi zaka 20. Zosiyanitsa zimaphatikizapo ma dorsal fin omwe amagawidwa m'magawo awiri. Amuna ndi amuna amtundu wa rasp waku America ndi osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mzake kotero kuti kwakanthawi ambiri ichthyologists adayesa kuti adalekanitsa mitundu. Utoto wa amuna ndi owala kwambiri ndipo amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa malo ambiri amtambo wabuluu komanso ofiira. Zachikazi nthawi zambiri zimayidwa imvi.
Mtunduwu umakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Pacific. Anthu ambiri amakhala ku zilumba za Aleutian, komanso ku Gulf of Alaska. Mbawala ya ku America imamatira kumadzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo imakonda kukhala ndi moyo wokhala pansi, ndikupanga kusuntha kokha panthawi yopangika.
Ngati ana a mtunduwu amadya kwambiri ku zooplankton, ndiye kuti akulu amadya:
Chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, rasip waku America sakhala wamtengo pamsika.
Ma mutu owala ofunda nawonso si akulu ndipo samakula kwambiri kuposa 60 cm. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri. Thupi la nsomba ili ndi chitumbuwa kapena mtundu wofiira. Mutu wake utakonzedwa ndi ma toni a lalanje. Mimba imayala buluu. Zipsepse zakumaso ndi zakuda. M ziphuphu zakumwamba ndi za dorsal zimakhala zowala bwino za pinki.
Mtundu wofiirira waku Asia umapezeka pagombe la Kamchatka, komanso ku zilumba za Commander ndi Aleutian. Fomu yaku America imakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja kuchokera ku Alaska kupita ku California. Nyama ya nsomba iyi siyisiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amakoma kwambiri.
Malo okhala ndi udzu amakhala ndi anthu ambiri kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean komanso Nyanja ya Chukchi. Khwangwalayo wowoneka bwino amakula mpaka 50 cm ndipo amatha kulemera pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi mtundu wa chikasu chakuda. Pa zipsepse zaimaso, timabowo tating'ono timene timawoneka bwino. Malo akuda amapezeka pansi pa dorsal fin. Imakhala nthawi zonse pansi pa 20 mpaka 40. Pakutuluka, imayandikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikuyika mazira pakuya kwa 2-10 m.
Ma brown hareheads ndi amodzi mwa oimira ang'ono kwambiri pabanja la rasp. Kutalika kwake ndi 35 cm, koma ku Far East kumatha kukula mpaka 50 cm, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi maziko abwino a mafalawo. Masikelo ake ndi amtundu wakuda wobiriwira kapena bulauni. Thupi lotsika ndilopepuka kuposa kumtunda.
Pali mikwingwirima yakuda m'diso. Malo owala ndi owoneka bwino pamavuto a gill. Nyama ya bulauni yotuwa imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Imapezeka munyanja zotere:
Kuphatikiza apo, unyinji wamtunduwu umapezeka kumpoto kwa America. Ndi malo otchuka osangalatsa omwe amapezeka.
M'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Japan ndi usodzi womwe umachitika chaka chonse kusaka nsomba'zi. Oyimira ang'onoang'ono amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsomba zam'madzi.
Mu genus Ophiodon Girard, pali mtundu umodzi wokha - a toothy rasp, yemwe ndiye woimira wamkulu wa banja la rasp, amatha kukula mpaka 1.6 m ndikulemera pafupifupi 60 kg. Ma Toothy hareheads amapezeka kokha kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Pacific Ocean ndipo ali ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa asodzi ndi okonda masewera. Maonekedwe a thupi la nsomba zimadalira mtundu wa dothi lomwe akukhalamo. Mitundu ya masikelo a toothy rasp imatha kusiyanasiyana kutuwa kutuwa ndi kutuwa. Pali mawanga amdima a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana mbali za nsomba.
Mitundu ya kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa nthenga imodzi ndi yamtundu wa nthenga zofanana. Mitundu yakum'mwera imangokhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean ndipo, ngakhale ili ndi kukula kochepa, ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chamalonda, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe abwino a mitunduyi. Kulemera kwake sikumaposa kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, ndipo kutalika kwambiri kwa thupi sikupitirira masentimita 65. Ngati ana aang'ono a kumwera amodzi omwe ali ndi utoto wapaka utoto wamtambo wobiriwira ndi wabuluu, ndiye kuti anthu okhwima amadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda.
Mbawala yakumpoto ya nthenga imodzi imakhala kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean. Amakula mpaka 2 kg ndipo amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 15. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri posodza. Kumbuyo kwa nsomba kuli ndi mtundu wa maolivi wakuda. Zingwe zopakidwa utoto zofiirira. Malipiro a dorsal amakonzedwa ndi malire amdima. Mimba yamtondo wakumpoto imakhala yotuwa.
Nsomba za Rasp zimagwidwa bwino pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi zamagulu am'madzi ndipo zimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi nyambo zonse zachilengedwe ndi zokumbira. Asodzi akwanitsa kupeza malo oti azikumana ndi zilombo, ndiye kuti kuwedza kudzakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri.
Ubwino ndi kuvulaza kwa rasp
Terpug imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kuthekera kwambiri. Ripper yatsopano imakhala ndi mthunzi wachikaso kapena wobiriwira, izi siziyenera kudabwitsani ogula. Popeza pali mafupa ochepa mu rasp, amatha kuphika mumtundu uliwonse: mwachangu, wiritsani khutu, nthunzi, mozungulira, kuphika, mchere, utsi kapena kuwonjezera masaladi.
Zopindulitsa zamtundu wa rasp ndizambiri zamapuloteni ndi ma amino acid zofunika pamoyo wa munthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito rasp kumatsimikiziranso zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a omega-3 acid osapanga. Amaletsa maonekedwe a atherosulinosis, amalimbitsa mtima wamtima. Kugwiritsa ntchito rasp pafupipafupi kungasokoneze dongosolo lamanjenje.
Nsomba za Rasp zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Mu kapangidwe kake, A, C ndi PP. Tsata ma microelements amaphatikizapo chromium, chitsulo, molybdenum, sulfure, bromine ndi ena ambiri. Ngati pali vuto la ayodini m'thupi, rasip amapanga izi mwachangu.
Monga nsomba zam'madzi zilizonse zamchere, rasipizi amatha kukhala osalozeka kwa anthu. Izi zimatha kudziwonetsa mu mawonekedwe a thupi lawo siligwirizana. Anthu omwe akudwala matenda a impso kapena zilonda zam'mimba samalimbikitsidwa kudya nsomba izi.
Kalori rasp
Terpug ndi nsomba yodya, chifukwa chake akatswiri azakudya nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba. Pali nsomba zokwana 102 kcal pa 100 g za nsomba. Chakudya chomalizidwa chimatengera njira yophikira.
Mbambo ya nsomba imakhala yochepa thupi komanso yopinimbira thupi, yomwe mbali zake zowala ndi zakuda zimasinthana. Mapeto ake a dorsal ndi imvi, yokhala ndi malire yopyapyala lakuda, olimba komanso lalitali. Mimba ndi pansi pamutu ndi zachikaso.
Nsomba za Rasp zili ndi mayina angapo mwa anthu. Asodzi amachitcha “rasp” wofiyira, malensi apanyanja kapena nsomba yofiira. M'misika yamatawuni, ogulitsa amangoyitcha kuti perch kapena rasp. Koma kuchokera kwa akatswiri mudzamva za mutu wa njoka wa Kuril kapena rupu wa kalulu, chifukwa kutanthauzira koteroko kuli ndi dzina la Chilatini la mitundu.
Rasp nsomba - chithunzi
Izi nsomba ndizodziwika bwino kwa aliyense yemwe nthawi ina ankapita kukasodza ku Avacha Bay, nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa pagombe. Zaitsegolov amakhala kwambiri, ndiko, kumpoto, kukumana pagombe lonse la Asia, kuyambira ku Yellow mpaka kumapeto Ndipo malo ake amapitilira kugombe la America mpaka ku California. Koma nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'madzi akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kamchatka ndi zilumba za Kuril.
Nsomba zamkati ndizambiri. Kulemera kwake kumaposa 2,5 kg, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi kuposa masentimita 55. Kusunthika kwakanthawi kanyengo kumakhala kofanana ndi totupa. Chakumapeto kwa Meyi kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja amatenthedwa, ndipo amakwanira pamalo osaya (20-30 m kuya) kuti zitheke. Dera lokhala ndi matanthwe komwe kuli miyala ndi malo omwe nsomba zamkati zimapezeka ndikutulutsa. Monga lamulo, imasungidwa m'malo azomera zam'madzi, chifukwa ndimtambo wa mazira ake.
Nthawi yowerengeka ya rasp imakulitsidwa kwambiri, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa. Poyamba, amuna amasonkhana m'malo obzala, amasankha malo abwino kwambiri. Akazi amasambira m'malo otetezedwa, amayamba kuwaza magawo. Kutulutsa kukamalizidwa, zazikazi zimachoka m'malo owonongera. Koma amunawo amasunga mabisowo kufikira mphutsi. Kuti atetezedwe, ndi amuna okhawo okongola kwambiri komanso amuna okhaokha omwe atsalira. Mazirawo atatha, ndipo izi zimachitika kuyambira koyambirira mpaka pakati pa Okutobala, rasp yozungulira mutu wayamba kuchoka pagombe. Amalowa nthawi yozizira mpaka akuya mamita 300. Koma ana ake oyamba amakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi, ndipo atatha kukula pang'ono amapitilira moyo wamtundu.
Nsomba zowonda ndizopatsa chidwi. Amatha kudya ngakhale pakudya. Kwenikweni, zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo ma crustaceans osiyanasiyana, nsomba zazing'ono ndi ma mollusks.
Terpug sanyansidwa ndi zotayidwa, ndipo ngakhale ngwazi za nsomba zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga, zowona, za abale achimwemwe. Ndipo ndiyenera kunena kuti caviar ndi gawo limodzi mwa zakudya zake.
Nsomba za Rasp ndichinthu china asodzi apamadzi aku Kamchatka. Kuchulukitsitsa kwake kumawonedwa m'madzi am'nyanja a Southeast Kamchatka ndi North Kuril Islands. Nthawi zina imadutsa kumadzi akumadzulo ndikufika pagombe lakumwera-kumadzulo. Nthawi zambiri anthu amakodwa ndi 1.5 kg ndipo mpaka 49 cm. Kutentha kwamasika kukayamba, rasp imasunthira kumadzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kumapeto kwa Marichi, nkhono zake zimawonekera pakuya mamita 200, ndipo mu Epulo zimapitilira kale pabalaza. M'madzi amphepete mwa nyanja, nsomba zimagwidwa mosavuta, simungathe kupita pa bwato, koma ingopita mwakuzama m'madzi.
Thupi limakhala lochepera, lokakamizidwa pambuyo pake, mbali iliyonse imadutsa mizere isanu yofananira, ndi imodzi yokha yomwe ili pamwamba kwambiri, ikudutsa pakati pa thupi. Mikwingwirima yakuda komanso yopepuka ikusintha mthupi lonse. Maluso a dorsal ndi aatali komanso olimba, amtundu utoto, wokhala ndi malire akuda. Pansi pamutu ndi m'mimba mwa duwa lakumpoto ndi chikasu. Ndi chinthu chosodza panyanja ku Kamchatka. Madzi ambiri am'madzi am'madzi a North Kuril Islands, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kamchatka. Nthawi zina amapezeka pagombe lakumwera chakumadzulo komanso chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Bering. Imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 56,5 ndi kulemera kwa 2 kg. Nthawi zambiri anthu mpaka 49 cm ndi 1.6 kg amagwidwa. Nyengo yakuya kwambiri kwa masamba 300-500. Pakuyamba kutentha kwanyengo mu Marichi-Epulo, imayamba kusamukira kumadzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumapeto kwa Marichi, nkhokwe zimawonekera pakuya kwa 200-250 m ndipo mu Epulo amapita kunyanja. Kuberekanso kumachitika pamalo osakwana 20 m, pamiyala yamiyala, m'malo omwe amakhala ndi mafunde amphamvu pamtunda wa 1 -5 ° C.
Ndipo nsomba izi zisanatchulidwe! Ogulitsa m'misika yamzinda wathu - ndi perch-rasp kapena nsomba yokha, asodzi ndi amateur asodzi - okhala ndi nyambo zam'madzi, nsomba zotsogola kapena zotsekemera zofiira, izthyologists - wokhala ndi Kuril, mutu wamphongo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chigamba cha kalulu, chifukwa ndi momwe amamasulira m'Chilatini. dzina. Rap iyi imadziwika bwino kwa aliyense yemwe nthawi ina ankapita kokasodza panja pa zipata za Avacha Bay, chifukwa, limodzi ndi chakumpoto chakumaso, nthawi zambiri chimagwidwa pa ndodo yosodza pagombe.
Dera loyera loyera lili ponseponse kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean, kukumana m'mphepete mwa Asia kuchokera ku Yellow Sea kupita ku Bering Sea, komanso gombe la America kumwera kupita ku California. Koma ndichulukwi kwambiri m'madzi a zilumba za Kuril ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kamchatka. Ichi ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe kutalika kwake imafikira 60 cm, ndi kulemera kwa thupi - zopitilira 2,5 kg. Monga nkhandwe zina zambiri, ana amisala yoyera imakhala moyambirira ndipo ikangofika kukula pang'ono imayamba kutsika. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kusamuka kwakanthawi, chifukwa chake kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni, madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja atawotha bwino, imayandikira kuwonekera kudera lopanda nyanja mpaka pansi pa 20-30 m, pomwe limakhala m'malo a matope madera okhala ndi dothi lamiyala, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa zomera zam'madzi, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ngati gawo la mazira osenda.
Nthawi yowerengeka ya rasip wokhala ndi mutuwo ndiyitali kwambiri, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti njira yowumbayi ndi motere. Choyamba, amuna, omwe amakhala m'malo oyenera kwambiri, amakhala ndi malo osanja. Kenako, azimayi amabwera kumadera omwe amakhala ndipo amatetezedwa ndi iwo, omwe amawaza mazira pano m'magawo ndikumaliza kuwaza malo okhala, pomwe amuna odziwika bwino ndi malo otetezedwa amakhala osungiramo nkhonya mpaka kuwaswa kwa mphutsi, ndipo nthawi zambiri zazikulu kwambiri komanso zowala kwambiri zimachita izi. Mapeto a mazira atatha, pomwe mamuna sasiya malo ena, kuwathamangitsa onse okonda kudya, azisangalala ndi caviar (kuphatikiza abale awo), kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, rasp yozungulira yozungulira imachoka pagombe kukazizira kupitirira 200-300 m.
Zaycegolovy rasp - nsomba zopatsa chidwi, kudya kwambiri ngakhale nthawi yopanga (mwachiwonekere, "amawonda" pafupifupi pafupifupi nyambo iliyonse). Nthawi zambiri phula uyu amadya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya crustaceans (nkhanu, shrimps, etc.), maollusk ndi nsomba zazing'ono, samanyalanyaza zinyalala ndikuwonjezera nsomba zina (kuphatikiza oyandikana nawo), zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakudya kwake.
Pokhala mtundu wocheperako womwe umakhala chaka chonse makamaka m'malo okhala ndi matope okhala ndi miyala yambiri, lamba la harehead limagwidwa pang'ono, nthawi zambiri limagwidwa ndikusodza nsomba zina zam'munsi. Koma chaka chilichonse, madzi am'madzi akangotentha, amayambiranso kusangalatsa a Kamchatka angling ndi "kuluma" kwake kwamphamvu.
Mtengo wopatsa thanzi wa rasp
Utundu wamba wa perch-rasp umalemera pafupifupi 300 g ndipo uli ndi zopatsa mphamvu zokwana 330, zomwe zambiri zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ndipo gawo laling'ono ndi mafuta. Nsomba iyi ndi gwero labwino la mavitamini B12 ndi B6. Kudya theka la filleti, mumapeza mlingo wovomerezeka wa vitamini woyamba komanso pafupifupi kotala - wachiwiri. Munthawi yofanana ya nsomba yophika, mumakhala mulingo wokwanira wa mchere wofunikira monga selenium, ndipo pafupifupi theka la phosphorous yomwe imafunidwa ndi munthu wamba tsiku lililonse. The rasp ndi wolemera mu:
Ribofalvin, - nicotinic acid, - pantothenic acid, - folates, - thiamine, - vitamini A, - magnesium, - potaziyamu, - zinc, - sodium.
Mapuloteni omwe amakhala mu rasp ali odzaza, ndiye kuti, ali ndi ma amino acid onse ofunikira kwa munthu, komabe, awiri a iwo, methionine ndi phenylalanine, mu kuchuluka. Mwa ofunikira, koma amino acid omwe amatha kusintha m'malo mwa nsomba, pali arginine, yomwe imathandiza kuchiritsa mabala, kutsitsa chiwindi, komanso kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Nyama ya perch-rasp mu mawonekedwe ake amakoma siyoposa nyama ya halibut kapena nsomba
Zothandiza zimatha kuyimitsa tchire
Mapindu akulu omwe angapezeke podya nyama ya rasp ndiwokhudzana ndi michere yomwe imapezeka mu nsomba zochuluka, zomwe niacin, phosphorous, selenium, potaziyamu ndi mavitamini B6 ndi B12.
Niacin, kapena nicotinic acid, ndikofunikira kuti amasulidwe amafuta kuchokera ku mafuta, mapuloteni ndi zakudya, kuwonjezera apo, ali ndi udindo wogwira ntchito m'matumbo am'mimba komanso machitidwe amanjenje, komanso khungu labwino. Phosphorous ndi gawo limodzi lama cell, makamaka mafupa ndi mano. Pamodzi ndi sodium ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous imakhazikika acid-base moyenera komanso imathandizira minyewa, kudzikongoletsa kwa mitsempha, komanso kugunda kwamtima nthawi zonse. Pamodzi ndi vitamini E, selenium imagwira ntchito ngati antioxidant, yoteteza maselo ku zowonongeka ndi ma radicals aulere. Mchitidwewu ndi wofunikira pakugwirira ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, komanso pakugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha m'thupi.
Owonjezera selenium amawonetsedwa kutopa konse, kuchepa kwa tsitsi, kukhumudwa m'mimba
Potaziyamu imasunga madzi akunja komanso okhathamira m'thupi, imachepetsa kuchepa kwa mafupa, ndiko kuti, imalimbana ndi mafupa komanso kusintha kwina kokhudzana ndi zaka. Vitamini B6, kapena pyridoxine, amafunidwa ndi onse amanjenje ndi chitetezo cha mthupi kuti akhalebe ndi shuga. Vitamini B12, limodzi ndi folic acid, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa homocysteine, komwe kumawononga mitsempha yamagazi ndi minofu yamtima, yomwe imayambitsa matenda amtima.
Terpug ndi nsomba yochokera ku banja la Terpugov lomwe limadziwika kwambiri m'dziko lathu. Amadziwikanso kuti lens lenok kapena perch-rasp, kapena rasp. Iye, monga nsomba zina zamtunduwu, zisanza zimakhala m'masukulu, zimakonda kukhazikika m'malo otsika. Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri samapitilira 40 - 50 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa nsomba imodzi kumakhala pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka.
Terpugs ndi chakudya chosavuta kwambiri kwa nyama zambiri zam'madzi zapamadzi.
Ma subspecies odziwika a rasp amadziwika monga single-line, hare-mutu, komanso bulauni, Japan kapena owoneka ndi obala. Iliyonse mwa mabanjawa ali ndi mawonekedwe ake, ali ndi malo awoawo. Koma zonse ndizokhazikika pagombe la Far East, Kamchatka, Nyanja ya Bering. Ndiye kuti nsomba zazikuluzikuluzi ndi zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga.
Kodi nsomba zamtengo wapatali za rasp zomwe zimafunikira - katundu wofunikira, maphikidwe, zopatsa mphamvu kuchokera pamenepo - chiyani? Tilankhule mwatsatanetsatane za maubwino ake azaumoyo, ndikukonzanso zakudya zokoma kwambiri kuchokera ku rasp:
Zothandiza pa rasp
Nyama yotsika mtengo ili ndi mapuloteni ambiri amtengo wapatali, osakanikirana bwino. Muli zambiri zamafuta osapanga mafuta a omega-3 acid. Izi zothandiza zimathandizira kupewa matenda a mtima, zimakhudza thanzi la mtima, komanso zimathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa mtima wonse.
Nsombazi zilinso ndi mavitamini: A, C, PP, gulu B. Pali zinthu zina: molybdenum, chromium, sulfure, komanso iron, bromine ndi ena ambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse rasp kumathandizira kusintha kwamanjenje, kumayendetsa ntchito zamaganizo, zaluso.
Hafu ya filimu yophika nsomba imakhala ndi pafupifupi vitamini B6, selenium, komanso theka la tsiku la phosphorous. Komanso nsomba zamtunduwu zimachokera ku iodini.
Kodi nsomba zamkati ndi zolemera bwanji? Zopatsa mphamvu
Mtengo wowerengeka wa rasp ndi wotsika kwambiri, pokhapokha 102 kcal pa 100 g ya mankhwala owiritsa. Koma kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu kumatha kusintha, kutengera njira yokonzekera. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba yokazinga imakhala ndi caloric yambiri, ngakhale ilinso ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa - mpaka 330 kcal. pa 100 g ya mankhwala.
Kodi kuphika rasp? Maphikidwe ophika
Njira yothandiza kwambiri, yathanzi yophika rasp ndikuphika uvuni, kuwotchera, komanso kuyikiratu. Ndipo chodzaza ndi zotsekemera ndi kudzaza kosiyanasiyana - masamba, zitsamba, mazira, anyezi ndi chimanga, mandimu ngakhale mtedza watsopano wamapine. Lero timaphika nsomba zophika, komanso zinthu zodumphiratu ndi zotsekemera zokoma:
Pophika, tifunika: 1 nyama yaying'ono ya nsomba, 2 tbsp. l mandimu, anyezi awiri, zitsamba zatsopano, mchere, tsabola.
Yeretsani nsomba, chotsani mkati, dulani ma gill (asiye mutuwo). Opaka pang'ono mkati, kunja ndi mchere, tsabola wakuda. Mafuta ndi mandimu. Kuwaza amadyera, kuwaza anyezi kukhala mphete. Sakanizani amadyera ndi anyezi, ikani chilichonse mkati mwa nsomba.
Mafuta mbale yophika. Ikani nsomba kumbuyo. Ikani mu uvuni wamoto. Monga kuphika, kutsanulira pamwamba pa madzi. Tumikirani nsomba yomalizidwa ndi saladi wa masamba.
Tikufuna nsomba zokulirapo, dzira limodzi laiwisi, 100 g wa mkate wa rye (crumb), kapu imodzi ya mkaka, anyezi 1. Komabe konzekerani 100 g wa mayonesi, muung'ono wa katsabola, cilantro. Musaiwale za mchere, tsabola wakuda.
Ikani nsomba zatsopano kapena zopunthira pa bolodi yodula. Pangani bwalo, pangani zocheperako pakhungu. Tsopano pakani khungu pang'ono, khalani kwakanthawi kwakanthawi padera.
Patulani chimbudzi ndi mbewu, falitsani mu chopukusira nyama. Ikani chofufumira chokhazikika mkaka pasanachitike nyama yophimbidwa. Onjezani anyezi osankhidwa bwino, zitsamba, kumenya dzira. Mchere, tsabola, kusenda nyama yozama. Tsopano dzazani pang'onopang'ono khungu la nsomba ndi minced nyama. Yesetsani kupewa kugwetsa.
Ikani mbale kapena pepala lophika pamoto wojambulidwa ndi zojambulazo, komwe mukaphike. Mafuta ochulukirapo ndi mayonesi pamwamba. Ikani mu uvuni wamoto. Kuphika pafupifupi ola limodzi. Finyani nsomba zomalizidwa ndi zitsamba, perekani pagome.
Kusuta perch saladi
Tidzafunika fodya wa rasp, masamba 4-5 ophika, mazira 2 owiritsa, nkhaka zitatu zazitali. Tifunikiraninso kakang'ono ka anyezi wobiriwira, zitsamba zatsopano, mayonesi.
Kuphwanya mbatata, mazira, nkhaka zazing'ono zazing'ono, kuyikika mu mbale ya saladi. Onjezani anyezi wosenda bwino pamenepo. Sakanizani chidutswa chosemedwa cha rasp mu zidutswa, kumbukirani pang'ono, kuyikirani zamasamba. Mchere kulawa (ngati kuli kotheka), dzazani ndi mayonesi, sakanizani. Kuwaza ndi zitsamba. Saladi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulogalamu yozizira yozizira. Zabwino!
Nsomba zowonda: mawonekedwe, malo okhalamo, gulu
Terpug ndi gulu la nsomba zam'madzi, zodya banja nsomba zam'madzi zamadzi zam'madzi, yomwe ndi gawo la gululi scoriform. Amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba yamtengo wapatali yamalonda. Imakula mpaka mita mpaka kutalika 18 kilogalamu. Nyama yatsopano ya rasip imakhala ndi chikasu kapena chobiriwira.
Terpug ndi matenda - amakhala yekha kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean. Ku Russia, amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Kamchatka, ku Bering Strait, ku Nyanja Zaku Far. Izi ndi nsomba zosangalatsa kwambiri zomwe zimawoneka ngati nsomba. Terpug ili ndi gawo lokwera, lodzikongoletsa pambuyo pake ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, pomwe pali zingwe zosinthika za mtundu wakuda wamtambo wokhala ngati nsomba. Mapeto a dorsal ndi aatali, mosalekeza, omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwazinthu zina.
Mu chilengedwe, mitundu yayikulu 12 ya rasp imasiyanitsidwa:
- Toothy.
- Mzere umodzi.
- Adzakhala owala.
- Brown.
- Kumwera.
- Waku America
- Kufiyira
- Chijapani
- Zosemedwa.
- Adzakhala owala.
- Zolemba.
- Kumpoto.
Usodzi wama rack umachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazingwe komanso zotchingira pansi. Kusodza kosaloledwa ndikololedwa kwa ndodo ndi ma lows. Pakutulutsa, usodzi uliwonse umaletsedwa konsekonse. Ikatulutsa, tchire lamphongo limateteza mazira ndi kuchita mwankhalwe kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mpaka limagunda nkhwawa zosiyanasiyana.
Zitha kuvulaza
Kwa munthu wathanzi, nyama ya rasip ndi yotetezeka kwathunthu. Kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda, kudya nyama yam'madziyi kuli ndi zotsutsana zingapo:
- Thupi lawo siligwirizana chifukwa cha tsankho lagululi.
- Mavuto a chithokomiro. Mitundu yambiri ya ayodini yomwe ilimo mu nsomba iyi imatha kusokoneza dongosolo logaya chakudya, kutsitsa kugunda kwa mtima. Musanagwiritse ntchito, upangiri waukatswiri umafunika.
- Pali matenda a chiwindi.
- Hyperacidity kapena zilonda zam'mimba. Pankhaniyi, simuyenera kudya misempha ya fodya.
Terpuga sayenera kudyedwa ndi mkazi nthawi yoyambirira yoyamwitsa. Ngati mwana alibe zovuta zonse, ndiye kuti kudyetsa ndi nyama yokhala ndi nyamayi ndi kololedwa kuyambira miyezi 10. Pankhaniyi, nsomba ndiyenera kuphwanyaphwanya. Kuyambira ndi miyezi 16, mutha kupatsa mwana wanu tizinthu tating'ono, osapitilira katatu pamwezi.
Ngakhale zaka 50-70 zapitazo, nyengo zam'nyanja zidali zosiyana kotheratu. Kwa zaka zana zapitazo, anthu awononga zachilengedwe kwambiri kotero kuti zakudya zambiri, zikamadyetsedwa mosalekeza, zasiya kukhala zothandiza kwa anthu. Izi, zachidziwikire, zimakhudzanso ndi nsomba zam'madzi.
Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku US, poizoni wazakudya zam'madzi ndizomwe zimayambitsa mndandanda wa poizoni. Makamaka kwambiri, kupezeka ndi matendawa kumatha kupha.
Zitsulo zolemera zimadziunjikira m'madzi owonongeka mu ziwalo za nsomba, kuvulaza mawonekedwe awo akunja, ndikupanga matenda a chiwindi ndi impso. Asayansi akuchenjeza: nsomba zomwe zimadya, ndipo rasip ndi nyama yolusa, yomwe imakhala ndi mankhwala ochulukirapo, chifukwa imathetsa chakudya. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wasayansi zikuwonetsa kuti minofu, mafupa, ndi ziwalo zamkati mwazakudya zam'madzi zimakhala ndi Mlingo wa zinc, cadmium, lead, mkuwa, arsenic, chromium, cesium-137, strontium-90, ndi mercury, zomwe ndizoposa gawo lovomerezeka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito rasp kuphika
Mukamagula nsomba m'sitolo, muyenera kulabadira, choyamba, kuti kuwoneka nyama. Ziyenera kukhala popanda kuwonongeka. Pansipansi pamakhala mphamvu, ndipo ma gulowo ndi osanunkhira. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kusuta fungo labwino kwambiri. Koma, pali njira zambiri zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pophika, mwachitsanzo:
- Kuphika khutu ndi zonenepa.
- Wophika uvuni mu zojambulazo ndi mandimu.
- Mphodza ndi radish, okoleretsa ndi nthangala za sesame.
- Yokazidwa mu kumenya.
- Kuphika mu phwetekere marinade.
- Mchere.
- Sungani.
- Marine.
Nsomba izi zimayenda bwino ndi ufa, mkate, anyezi, kaloti, mbatata, kabichi, tomato, zitsamba, mafuta a mpendadzuwa, batala, kirimu, kirimu wowawasa, mandimu, bowa, chimanga, mazira, mowa.
Ku Russia, amalonda amagulitsa rasp ogwidwa munyanja za Far East. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowuma. Terpuga imagulidwa pomwe isanaphike. Amasungidwa mufiriji wamba osapitilira masiku atatumufiriji Mwezi 1.
Zachidziwikire, ngakhale akunenera kwa asayansi akuyankhula za kuipitsidwa kwa anthu okhala kunyanja ya nsomba ndi zinthu zowopsa kwa anthu, anthu m'tsogolo akuwonekeratu sangasiye kudya nsomba ndi nsomba zam'nyanja. Koma, osachepera, aliyense asakumbukire za phindu la nsomba, komanso za zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Mbali imodzi, nsomba zam'nyanja ndizakoma kwambiri komanso zathanzi, ndipo, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso, sizingathandize.