Madzi ndi nyama, chomwe chimawonekera osati kuthekera kwake kusintha mitundu, komanso kuthekera koyenda maso ake mosadukirana. Osangodziwa izi zokha zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala buluzi wodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Zojambula ndi malo a chameleon

Pali lingaliro lakuti dzinalo chameleon lidachokera ku chilankhulo cha Chigriki ndipo limatanthawuza "mkango wapadziko lapansi." Mndandanda wa ma chameleon ndi Africa, Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka ndi Southern Europe.

Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo otentha komanso m'nkhalango zotentha, zina zimakhala kumapiri ndipo kumapezeka gawo laling'ono. Mpaka pano, pali mitundu pafupifupi 160 ya zodzitchinjiriza. Oposa 60 a iwo amakhala ku Madagascar.

Mabwinja akale kwambiri, omwe ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 26 miliyoni, amapezeka ku Europe. Kutalika kwa nyama yankhokwe yokwanira masentimita 30. Anthu akuluakulu kwambiri mitundu ya chameleon Furcifer oustaleti amafika masentimita 70. Oimira Brookeia micra amakula mpaka 15 mm.

Mutu wa chameleon umakongoletsedwa ndi crest, ma tubercles kapena nyanga zazitali komanso zowongoka. Zinthu zoterezi zimangokhala zachimuna zokha. Maonekedwe chameleon zikuwoneka ngati buluzikoma zenizeni ndizofanana.

M'mphepete mwa thupi la chameleon ndi lathyathyathya kotero kuti zikuwoneka kuti anali pansi pa atolankhani. Kukhalapo kwa wokwera ndi wokwera wokwera kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yofanana ndi chinjoka chaching'ono, khosi limakhalako.

Pamiyendo italiitali komanso yopyapyala pali zala zisanu, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa moyang'anizana ndi zala ziwiri ndi zitatu ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Pa chala chilichonse chawoneka wakuthwa. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo igwire bwino ndikuyenda pamwamba pamitengoyi.

Mchira wa chameleon ndi wandiweyani, koma kumapeto kwake umakhala wochepa thupi ndipo umatha kupindika mkati. Ichi ndi chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chokwawa. Komabe, mitundu ina imakhala ndi mchira wamfupi.

Lilime la nyama yamtchire limakhala lalitali ndi theka kupirikiza kawiri kuposa thupi. Amawagwera. Kuwala mwachangu (masekondi 0,07), kutulutsa lilime, mafunde akuwagwira wozunzidwayo, osangopulumutsa. Khutu lakunja ndi mkati mwa nyama kulibe, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ogontha. Koma, komabe, amatha kuzindikira mawu osiyanasiyana pamtunda wa 200-600 Hertz.

Kusowa uku kumalipidwa ndi masomphenya abwino kwambiri. Zowoneka za chameleon zimaphimba maso awo nthawi zonse, chifukwa osankhidwa. Pali mabowo apadera a anawo. Maso akumanzere ndi kumanja kumayenda mosasunthika, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuwona zonse mozungulira pakona madigiri 360.

Asanazizidwe, nyamayo imangoyang'ana maso. Kuwona bwino kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza tizilomboti patali pafupifupi mita khumi. Ma chameleon amawoneka bwino ndi radiation ya ultraviolet. Pokhala mu gawo ili la mawonekedwe owala, repitles ndiwogwira kwambiri kuposa wamba.

Mu chithunzi, maso a chameleon

Makamaka kutchuka chameleon zopezeka chifukwa cha kukhoza kwawo kusintha Mtundu. Amakhulupirira kuti posintha mtundu wa nyamayo amadzisintha ngati chilengedwe, koma izi ndi zolakwika. Momwe timakhalira (mantha, njala, mating, ndi zina), komanso malo achilengedwe (chinyezi, kutentha, kuyatsa, ndi zina) ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusintha kwamtundu wa nyama.

Kusintha kwa khungu kumachitika chifukwa cha ma chromatophores - maselo omwe ali ndi utoto wofanana. Njirayi imatenga mphindi zingapo, kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wake sukusintha kwenikweni.

Khalidwe ndi moyo wa chameleon

Chameleon amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse munthambi za mitengo. Amatsika kokha nthawi yakukhwima. Ndi munthawi imeneyi kuti ndikosavuta kwa chameleon kuti azitsatira. Ndikosavuta kuyenda pansi ndi zibwano. Chifukwa chake, ulemu wawo ukugwera. Kupezeka kwa malo angapo othandizira, kuphatikiza mchira wogwira, kumapangitsa kuti nyama zizimva kwambiri mumtambo.

Ntchito za Chameleon zimawonekera masana. Amayenda pang'ono. Amakonda kukhala pamalo amodzi, mchira ndi paws zolumikizira nthambi yanthambi. Koma amathamanga ndikudumpha mokwanira, ngati pangafunike. Mbalame zodya nyama ndi zinyama, abuluzi akuluakulu ndi mitundu ina ya njoka zitha kukhala ngozi ku chameleon. Poona mdani, nyama zapamwamba zimafanana ndi baluni, mtundu wake umasintha.

Pakupuma, kamvulu amayamba kubangula ndi kulira, kuyesa kuwopseza mdani. Itha kukuluma, koma popeza nyamayo imakhala ndi mano ofooka, sizimayambitsa mabala akulu. Tsopano anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi mugule nyama. Kunyumba, amasungidwa kumalo opangira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chameleon ngati chiweto osati kumayambitsa mavuto ambiri ngati mumamupangira malo abwino. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kufunsa katswiri.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Chakudya cha chameleon chimapangidwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Pokhala kuti imabisalira, nyama yothamangayo imakhala kwakanthawi yayitali panthambi ya mitengo, maso ake okha ndi omwe amakhala osasunthika. Zowona, nthawi zina nkhwangwa imatha kudumphira m'mavuto pang'onopang'ono. Kugwidwa kwa kachilomboka kumachitika ndikutulutsa lilime ndi kukokera wolowayo pakamwa.

Izi zimachitika nthawi yomweyo, m'masekondi atatu okha, mpaka tizilombo anayi titha kugwidwa. Ma Chameleon amasunga chakudya mothandizidwa ndi malekezero a lilime, omwe amakhala ngati amamwa komanso malovu owirira kwambiri. Zinthu zazikulu zimakhazikitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi kayendedwe koyenda lilime.

Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kumagulu amadzi othamanga. Ndi kutayika kwa chinyontho, maso amayamba kumira, nyamazo "ziuma". Kunyumba chameleon imakonda mitengo yamtengo wapatali, mapogo am'malo otentha, zipatso, masamba a mbewu zina. Musaiwale za madzi.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Ma chameleon ambiri ndi oviparous. Pambuyo umuna, wamkazi amasaka mazira kwa miyezi iwiri. Nthawi yayitali asanaike mazira, mayi woyembekezera akuwonetsa nkhawa komanso kukwiya kwambiri. Ali ndi utoto wowala ndipo samavomereza amuna okha.

Mayi woyembekezera akutsikira pansi ndikuyang'ana malo kuti akumbe dzenje ndi kuyikira mazira. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi mazira osiyanasiyana ndipo umatha kukhala 10 mpaka 60. Clutch imatha kukhala itatu chaka chonse. Kukula kwa mluza kumatha kutenga kulikonse kuyambira miyezi isanu mpaka zaka ziwiri (komanso kutengera mitundu).

Makanda amabadwa odziimira okha ndipo atangosakidwa, amathamangira kuminda kuti ikabisike kwa adani. Mwamuna akachokapo, mkaziyo amatha kuyikira mazira "onenepa," omwe pomwe mwana samawaswa. Amasowa patatha masiku angapo.

Mfundo za kubadwa kwa chishon viviparous sizosiyana kwambiri ndi oviparous. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti mkazi amanyamula mazira mkati mwake mpaka kubadwa kwa ana. Pankhaniyi, mpaka ana 20 akhoza kuwonekera. Chameleon salera ana awo.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa chameleon kumatha kukhala zaka 9. Akazi amakhala ocheperako, popeza thanzi lawo limachepetsedwa ndi pakati. Mtengo wa Chameleon Osakhala wamtali kwambiri. Komabe, zachilendo za nyamayo, maonekedwe ake okongola komanso zizolowezi zina zingasangalatse wokonda nyama zabwino kwambiri.

Chameleon: momwe imawonekera, kufotokozera, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe

Buluzizi ndi zolengedwa zosangalatsa kwambiri. Chifuwa chawo chimakutidwa kwathunthu ndi khungu lotuwa ndi zophukira zazing'ono, zopindika. Anthu ena kumaso ali ndi nyanga zakuthwa, zisoti, zokutira zing'ono zazing'ono pafupi ndi maso.

Ma Chameleon amakonda kukwera mitengo. Pakusintha, ali ndi zala ziwiri ndi zitatu zotsala pamapazi aliwonse. Zala zimakulira limodzi m'magulu awiri otsutsana. Pa gulu lirilonse, zala ziwiri kutsogolo ndi 3 pamiyendo yakumbuyo zimawoneka ngati "zibwano". Pa nsonga za chala chilichonse pali chida chimodzi chakuthwa, chifukwa chomwe abuluzi amatha kukwera modekha, kumamatira ku khungwa. Kuphatikiza pa miyendo pali mchira, womwe ma chameleon nawonso amagwiritsa ntchito pakukwera thunthu.

Matumba a chameleon

Awa abuluzi ndi mafumu enieni achinsinsi. Samabisalira nyama zawo zokha, komanso kwa nyama zomwe zimadyanso nyama. Komanso, ma chameleon ndi odziwika chifukwa amatha kukhala pamalo amodzi masiku angapo. Mwapadera, chameleon chimazizira kwa milungu ingapo. Chifukwa chake buluziyo amachititsa chidwi kuti agwiritse ntchito mosamala nthawi yomweyo.

Kubisa chamadzi

Ma chameleon sawoneka m'nkhalango za zomera. Amatha kutenga mtundu uliwonse, kudzipanga ngati zinthu zozungulira. Ngati mungayang'ane kutsogoloku, ikuwoneka bwino. Kusintha kwamtundu kumachitika chifukwa cha chipangizo chapadera cha khungu, chomwe chimatha kudzipangitsa kuti chizikhala nyama zachilengedwe.

Chameleon patsogolo

Kodi ma chameleon amakhala kuti?

Chameleons amakhala kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Zitha kupezekanso ku Madagascar, zilumba zoyandikana nazo. Mitundu ina imakhala ku Asia, mayiko achiarabu. Pocheperapo amatha kupezeka ku America m'malo otentha.

Ma Chameleon amakonda malo otentha, mapiri am'madzi ndi pansi. Ndikosavuta kubisala ku zoopsa, ndipo pali chakudya chochuluka pamenepo. Mitundu ina ya nyama imatha kuzolowera kukhala malo okhala nkhokwe.

Mbali ndi malo okhala

Pakadali pano, m'chilengedwe muli mitundu pafupifupi 193 ya ma chameleon. Malo awo okhala ndi chisumbu cha Madagascar. Kuphatikiza pokumana chinyama Zitha ku kontinenti ya Africa, kudera la Arabia Arabia, Ku India, California ndi Florida.

Nyama izi zimakonda kukhala pakati pa zomera zazikulu. Amagwiritsa ntchito nthambi za mtengo pamoyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku, pakugona. Pakati pawo palinso mitundu ina yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amatha kupezeka ku savannah, steppe kapena chipululu.

Ma chameleon ndi abuluzi aang'ono apakatikati omwe kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 17-30. Pali zimphona zomwe zimakula mpaka masentimita 60. Komanso oimira ake ochepa kwambiri saposa 4.5 cm.

Thupi la nyama izi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe owundana, limasisitidwa kuchokera kumbali. Mutu wa amuna umakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'njira zaminyanga, zitunda. Mutu wachikazi sunakongoletsedwe ndi zophuka zilizonse, kapena iwo, pokhala gawo lachitukuko, samadziwika pang'ono.

Mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yayitali, chameleon imangoyendayenda pamitengo. Zala zawo zimakhala ngati bulawu, zomwe zimathandiza kuluka nthambi popanda mavuto. Mchira wa nyama wopangidwa bwino uli ndi ntchito inayake. Uwu ndi mtundu wa miyendo yachisanu ya chameleon, yomwe amangozungulira nthambi.

Chifukwa chatha kusintha mtundu wawo kutengera chilengedwe, ma chameleon adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa palibe amene angadziwe zamatsenga kotero. Mawonekedwe akunja amasintha mofulumira kotero kuti nthawi zina amangododometsa anthu.

Kodi chinsinsi cha chinthu chodabwitsachi ndi chiani? Zimatengera kapangidwe ka khungu, kamakhala zigawo zingapo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Chapamwamba kwambiri chili ndi ntchito yoteteza. Ndiwowonekera poyera.

Zigawo zina zonse zakuya za khungu zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Amakhala ndi maselo apadera otchedwa ma chromatophores ndipo amakhala ndi utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, chilichonse chimakhala ndi mtundu umodzi, kuyambira wachikuda mpaka wakuda.

Ma chromophores amachepetsedwa ndipo utoto womwe umakhala umakhala mkati mwa maselo. Izi zimathandizira kusintha kwa khungu la nyama. Mithunzi yonse yamtambo imakhala yolumikizana, chifukwa chomwe chameleon chimatha kukhala chosiyana. Kuti kusintha koteroko kuchitika, sizitenga nthawi yayitali, theka la miniti ndi lokwanira.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti u chameleon sizitanthauza kuti zisinthe zokha Mtundu thupi lake lonse, komanso ziwalo zake zonse. Chowoneka choyambirira komanso chosazolowereka chimawonedwa ndikusintha kwa mtundu wa mchira wa nyamayo kapena maimidwe amaso ake.

Nchiyani chimachititsa kuti nyama zisinthe mitundu mwachangu? Mpaka posachedwa, aliyense amaganiza kuti kusintha kotereku kumaoneka ngati chameleon podziteteza komanso kubisala. Koma izi zatsutsidwa.

Chifukwa chake, wophunzitsayo akuyesera kuyandikira ndi kudziwika kwa anthu onga iye. Pali Mabaibulo omwe sanatsimikizidwepo ndi lingaliro lasayansi kuti kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kuwunika, komanso mkhalidwe wamkati wa nyama, zimathandizira kwambiri kusintha kwa mitundu.

Chinyalala chimasinthiratu kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika kwambiri, kuwala kowala, panthawi yamantha, yopanda kukwiya kapena yanjala. Nyama yodabwitsayi imachita zachilendo mumvula yamabingu.

Thupi lake likukula kukula, ngati kuti likuthothomoka. Imakhala yakuda kapena yofiirira ndipo imayamba kugunda mokhazikika, ngati kulira kwa njoka. Ndikofunika kuyimilira pakuwona nyamayo, ndiyinso yosangalatsa. Maso a chameleon ndi okulirapo komanso chipangizo chovuta kwambiri chokhala ndi chikope chokhazikika komanso mabowo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kwa ana.

Kapangidwe kameneka si chopinga kwa chameleon pakutha kuyang'ana bwino masomphenya ake. Chingwe chimatha kudziwa kutalika kwa chilichonse chomwe chili kuzungulira ndipo chimawona chilichonse chomwe chili pafupi kwambiri ndi maso a nyamayo.

Chodabwitsa komanso chosazolowereka ndichakuti maso amayenda mosadukirana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati diso la kumanzere la nyama likuyang'ana molunjika, kumanja kumayang'ana kumwamba. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo ione chithunzicho kuchokera kumakona onse.

Mukayang'ana cholengedwa chosangalatsachi komanso chosazolowereka, malingaliro oti chameleon ndiwopambana omwe sachita nawo. Sikuti aliyense amakhulupirira kuti cholengedwa choterocho mochedwa chimatha kuchita zina. M'malo mwake, chameleon - zolusa nyama, zomwe zimadziveka bwino, zimadzipezera chakudya ndikudzigwiritsa ntchito pazovuta kwambiri kuti zitheke.

Zonsezi zimamuyendera bwino chifukwa cha kupadera kwa khungu ndi chiwalo china - lilime. Asayansi onse adazindikira kuti chilankhulo cha chameleon ndi choona komanso chosinthika, chomwe chimatha kuyang'aniridwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino pazokha.

Lilime la kamuna “limadumphira” pamtunda wautali, ndipo nthawi zina limakhala lalitali kwambiri kuposa thupi la chinyama. Pokhala ndi kapu yapadera yolumikizira lilime, mdaniyo amagwiririra mosavuta.

Izi zimachitika pakadutsa mphindi imodzi. Kuthamanga kukagwira lilime la ozunzidwayo ndikwabwino kwambiri kwakuti m'masekondi atatu chameleon imakhala ndi tizilombo tosachepera kanayi mkamwa.

Kodi ma chameleon amasintha bwanji mtundu?

Ngati tiona khungu la chameleon munkhaniyi, titha kuwona: pansi pa mawonekedwe owonekera a khungu ndi gawo loyera la dermis. Zigawo ziwiri zimatha kuwonetsa mawonekedwe amtambo ndi violet. Kuzungulira pali zigawo zina ziwiri - chimodzi chokhala ndi maselo achikasu, enawo okhala ndi bulauni.

Zinapezeka kuti kusintha kwamtundu kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha, kuwunikira ngakhale ... kusintha kwa cholengedwa. Ndipo maselo apadera otchedwa ma chromatophores ndi omwe ali ndi mlandu "chifukwa cha izi. Liwu lachi Greek ili limatanthawuza "kutulutsa utoto" (chroma - utoto, utoto ndi ma phoros - wobala). Ma chromatophores amapezeka kumbuyo konse (fibrous) komanso mkati mwakuya pakhungu la chameleon ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe.

Kupanga kwake kwa maselo a pigment kumakhala kovuta. Zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito amanjenje. Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe tili ndi utoto wamtundu wa chameleon. Ndi akuda, achikaso, ofiira, ofiira. Mafuta ojambulapo sakhazikika pamalo amodzi, koma amatha kuyendetsa gawo lonse la cell, atangoyang'ana pakati, kapena "kukwawa" mpaka kumapeto kwake. Chiwerengero cha mbewu zamtunduwu mu ma chromatophores sichimodzimodzi: mu khungu limodzi mumakhala zochulukirapo, zina - zochepa kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, utoto wa chameleon chifukwa cha izi sungakhale wosiyana.

Pamene machitidwe amgwirizano wa chromatophore, mbewu za pigment zimasonkhanitsidwa mkati mwa maselo, khungu limakhala loyera kapena chikaso. Ndipo tiziwalo tosanjikiza titaunjikana munthambi za khungu, khungu limakhala lakuda, limatha kukhala lakuda.

Mithunzi yosiyanasiyana imapezeka chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa mitundu ya pigment ya zigawo zonse ziwiri - zapamwamba komanso zakuya. Chikhalidwe cha mawonekedwe amtundu wobiriwira ndichosangalatsa: izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwa ma ray mumtambo wakunja, womwe uli ndi makhiristo ambiri oyatsa kuwala. Chifukwa cha izi, mtundu wa chameleon ukhoza kusintha msanga: kuchokera pakuwala - kudzera mitundu mitundu yowala ya lalanje, yobiriwira, yofiirira - mpaka yakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kusiyanasiyana kutalika konse kwa thupi la nyama yam'madzi, komanso mikwingwirima ndi mawanga osiyana.

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera akhungu oterewa, ma chameleon amatha kusintha mtundu wawo kuti ukhale wawung'ono kwambiri. Thupi lonse la nyama limakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Chifukwa cha kuwoneka kwa chameleon, imatha kuwonekera ikusuntha. Pachifukwa ichi, ma dinosaurs samasuntha, amakonda kuyimirira ndikudikirira nyama. Mitundu ina ya nkhono imatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri kuposa ma chameleon. Kusuntha kulikonse kumawoneka kuti kumagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono - chameleon amawalondola ndikukonza.

Kodi chinyalala chimasintha bwanji?

Asayansi a Brucke, P. Baer ndi Kruckenberg adawonetsanso kuti zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa utoto wa mitunduyi ndizotheka mwathupi komanso mwamalingaliro. Zoyambazo zikuphatikiza, kuwonjezera pa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, kutentha, kuwunikira, chinyezi chowonjezereka, komanso kusowa kwamadzi, njala ndi ululu, zomalizirazi zimaphatikizaponso mantha, mkhalidwe wotsutsa kwa mdani kapena msonkhano wosayenera.

Asayansi omwewo adazindikira kuti dongosolo lamanjenje la reptile ndiye njira yayikulu yomwe imayendetsa mbewu mu chromatophores: kuchokera ku dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati, chisonkhezero pamitsempha chimatumizidwa ku chromatophore iliyonse, ndikupangitsa kuyenda kwawo. Kupeza chidwi ndi chakuti gawo lalikulu pakusintha mtundu wa chameleon limaseweredwa ndi maso ake.

Zinakhazikitsidwa poyesa kuti kuthekera kosintha khungu pakhungu ili kutayika ngati mitsempha ya kuwala imawonongeka kapena kuti maso ake atayika. Ndiye kuti, unyolo wotere ungatengeke: kuwala, kugwera m'maso ndikutumiza chizindikiritso kudzera mwa iwo, kuchitapo kanthu pamanjenje, komanso chomaliza pa ma chromatophores.

Akatswiri, powunika zodabwitsa za kusintha kwamtundu wamadzi ndi chameleon, adawona kuti dongosolo lamkati lazinthu zam'madzi zimakhala ndi malo awiri - odziwikiratu komanso olimba, ndipo onse awiri ali ngati ali ndi udindo wokusintha mtundu wa nyama. Loyamba "limayang'anira" kayendedwe ka kusintha kwa mitundu ndipo akakwiya, khungu limawala. Nawonso, malo odziimira okha ndi omwe amadalira gawo la voliyumu, lomwe limapondereza yoyamba, motero, limapereka zotsatira zosiyana - khungu limadetsedwa.

Chifukwa chake, kuyesaku kunawonetsa kuti ngati, mwachitsanzo, mitsempha yoyang'ana moyenera imachotsedwa, ndiye kuti mbali yonse yakumanja ya thupi la nyama yosinthayo isandulika yoyera ndi motsatana. Ngati msana wam'mimba umakwiyitsidwa ndi magetsi, izi zimapangitsa kuyatsa khungu, ngati kumakwiyitsa

Kodi ma chameleons amayenda bwanji?

Poyamba, phazi lakutsogolo limayenda bwino, limayenda momasuka, ndikumazungulira. Imatsikiranso pansi pang'onopang'ono, ndikumata ndi zopindika kumtengo. Mawotchi otsala amasunthira limodzi. Pambuyo pokhapokha miyendo yonse itasunthira pomwe miyendo imasunthira mchira wake kumalo atsopano.

Chameleons chimayenda mosasunthika. Amangokhalira kuzungulira, ngati kuti zimawavuta kuyimirira. Komabe, nyamayo imasaka ndi liwiro la mphezi - lilime limatulutsa mwachangu ndikugwira wolakwayo. Ozunzidwa amatha kuwona chameleon, koma samazindikira chifukwa cha mtundu wapadera. Ngakhale kugwedeza pang'ono kwa nyamayo nthawi yoyenda kumatha kuonedwa ngati kupindika kwa nthambi yomwe ili pansi pamphepo.

Kodi kamvulu amasaka bwanji?

Makamaka ma chameleon osayenda. Ngati mungayang'ane kusaka, zitha kuwoneka kuti tizilombo timangotuluka. Kumva kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyendetsa mothamanga kwa lilime la buluzi. Chilankhulo cha chameleon chitha kuwombera pamtunda wamtali chimatha kuonedwa ngati chozizwitsa chachilengedwe. Kwenikweni, kukula kwa chilankhulo cha chameleon kuli chimodzimodzi thupi lonse.

Chameleon akusaka

Kufulumira kwa chirombo sikungakhale kwodabwitsa - kufananizidwa ndi iko sikungapezeke padziko lonse lapansi. Diso la munthu mwina silingakonze momwe amawombera. Tsonga la lilime la chameleon limawoneka ngati muvi yaying'ono, kumapeto kwake kuli kapu yaying'ono. Kapu yonyowa imanyowetsedwa ndi njira yotsamira. Tithokoze iye, wogwirayo sangathe kuchoka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakokedwa pakamwa pa buluzi.

Zofanana ndi nyamayi zidapezeka ndizopanga labotale. Kenako zidadziwika kuti chameleon sangathe kulanda nyama yonyowa. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kosaka kwakutali, ma chamele amatha mtunda wautali. Omwe adasowa sadzadikirira kuyesera kwotsatira, ndiye muyenera kugwira tizilombo nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ma chameleons amadya chiyani zachilengedwe?

Zakudya zambiri za chameleon zimapangidwa ndi nyama zazing'ono komanso tizilombo. Nthawi zina abuluzi amatha kudya zina zazinkhanira komanso zinzake. Ma chameleon akuluakulu amatha kudyera makoswe, nthawi zina mbalame ndi nyama zina zazing'ono zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zawo. Ma Chameleon amatha kudya masamba, zipatso.

Mbidzi sizidzasaka nyama zapoizoni kapena tizilombo. Ngakhale ndi njala yayikulu, mavu kapena njuchi sizigwira buluzi. Ma Chameleon samadandaula zilizonse zomwe amadya zipatso za zipatso, zipatso, amatha kudya masamba osakhazikika, masamba a dandelion, ndi zina.

Maso a Chameleon

Maso a nyama amaphimbidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono ofanana ndi khungu lonse. Chifukwa chake, mbali yakumayang'ana nyamayo siyabwino kwambiri. Amachepetsa khomo laling'ono moyang'anizana ndi mwana. Zinachitika ndicholinga choti tisawonongeke. Palibe chifukwa chodzinyenga nokha ngati masamba ngati mungathe kuwona ndi maso oyera kuchokera kwa iwo. Pali chidziwitso chovuta kwambiri pakupanga kwamaso - chameleon sichitha kuyang'ana madera ambiri nthawi imodzi. Zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonera dziko mwachidule chaching'ono.

Pamolin ulinso ndi njira yotulukirapo. Diso limatha kudutsa mbali zonse. Chifukwa chake, nyamayo ikhoza kuyang'ana malo onse poizungulira. Komanso, maso amatha kuzungulira padera. Mdani atayandikira chakumbuyo, nyambo sizingasunthe. Koma maso panthawiyi adzayang'ana kumbuyo. Pankhaniyi, chameleon amatha kuwona nyama ndi diso lachiwiri.

Chifukwa cha kusowa kwawonekera, nyama imangoyang'ana mbali zonse. Diso lililonse limatha kuzungulira madigiri okwana 180 a malo ozungulira. Pakadachitika kuti nyama idapezeka, diso lachiwiri limalumikizana ndi yoyamba ndikuwona mtunda wa chinthucho.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kumvetsetsa kachitidweko kuchokera kunja. Kuti muchite izi, inunso mudzakhala pamalo osatetezeka. Ndi zida zachilengedwe zotere zosaka, ma chameleon sangayende kwa nthawi yayitali - samafunikira. Nyamayo imatha kukhala mwakachetechete panthambi, kuyembekezera ozunzidwa atsopano.

Panther chameleon

Ma panther chameleon amaonedwa kuti ndi amtundu wokongola kwambiri, wopatsa chidwi. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala amvi. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, khungu lawo limapeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yofiirira komanso yofiyira. Akuluakulu amafika mpaka masentimita 52 kutalika. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono, amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala.

Zina zambiri

Nyama yachilendoyi imadziwika kuti ndi munthu wopanda tanthauzo ndipo amasintha malingaliro ake mosavuta kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri. Chekhov adawonjezera kutchuka pa chithunzichi. Mwina chifukwa cha nkhani yake yotchuka, momwe amaonera chameleon anthu athu ali ndi vuto linalake, koma sanayenere, monga ngwazi ya nkhani ya Chekhov, kudzudzula kwathu.

Mosiyana ndi anthu, chinyama, chinyama sichilivulaza konse, makamaka kwa anthu. Mbali yayikulu ya chameleon ndikuphimba kwachilendo - kuthekera kusintha mitundu mwachangu mothandizidwa ndi utoto wa chilengedwe, kuwala, kutentha. Unali chuma chodabwitsa ichi cha nyamayi chomwe amalemba cholembera. Pakusintha mtundu wa khungu lake, chameleon sichimawoneka kwa adani. Kunyenga kotero ndiyo njira yokhayo yodzitetezera.

Chameleon wakale kwambiri yemwe adapezeka ku Europe (pezani zaka pafupifupi 26 miliyoni). Komabe, ma chameleon mwina ndi achikulire kwambiri kuposa izi (pali zomwe zimapezeka zaka zoposa 100 miliyoni zapitazo). Zinthu zakale zakhala zikupezekanso ku Africa ndi Asia, ndipo akukhulupirira kuti ma chinyawu kale anali ponseponse kuposa lero. Amatha kukhala ndi komwe anachokera ku Madagascar, komwe lero kuli pafupifupi hafu ya mitundu yonse yodziwika ya banja ili, nonse napita kumayiko ena.

Habitat

Chameleons ndi anthu okhala kumayiko otentha. Pakatikati pa mitundu ya mitundu ya zinthu zachilengedwe ndi Madagascar, komwe kuli mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yochepa kwambiri yomwe imapezeka kunja, ndipo ambiri okhala ku Africa kuno. Kunja kwa dera ili, ma chomera amatha kupezeka ku India, Sri Lanka, Middle East ndi Southern Europe (mitundu 1-2). Ma chiloon ambiri amakhala m'malo opezeka mvula yambiri ndipo amasungidwa pamitengo ya mitengo, mitundu ina ya ku Africa imakhala ndi moyo wokhala pamtunda ndipo imakhala munkhalango zamtchire kapena kukumba mabowo m'chipululu. Chameleons chimasungidwa, imakhala m'dera laling'ono, lomwe limatetezera anthu oyandikana nawo. Amuna amavomereza zazikazi kudera lawo, ndikuyendetsa amuna ena. Ma chameleon amayenda pang'onopang'ono, amagwira nthambi pang'onopang'ono, ndikulunjika “kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo”, nthawi zina amaumitsa nthambi zosagona kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pali mitundu ingati yamadzi padziko lapansi

Pali mitundu 193 yokhala ndi malo ambiri. Madagascar imadziwika kuti ndi malo obadwira, tsopano abuluzi amapezeka ku Africa, Southern Europe, ku USA (Hawaii, Florida, California), India, Sri Lanka, Middle East, Mauritius. Gawo lalikulu limasinthidwa kuti lizikhala mumitengo, imatsikira pansi kokha pamasewera a chibwenzi kapena nyama yokongola kwambiri. Koma pali ena omwe amakhala m'zipululu komanso mapiri, nkhalango zotentha ndi malo amapiri, amakumba miyala kapena kuthawira masamba agwa.

Zofunika! Chifukwa cha kufutukuka kwa malo olimapo ndi kudula mitengo kwa mitundu 10 yomwe ikuopseza kutha, pafupifupi 40 ali pafupi kupeza mwayi wotere.

Kodi chimphona chimawoneka bwanji?

Anthu onsewa amaphimbidwa ndi khungu lokhala ndi makoko owaza, ngati ngale, owazidwa ndi ma tubercles, makulidwe ndi zophukira za njira yodabwitsa kwambiri. Pali ma chameleon omwe amavala chisoti cha knight champikisano, mwina mu chifuwa chamasewera kapena kukongoletsa thupi lawo ndi mphuno yakuthwa ya Pinocchio. Ena amazungulira timiyendo tathu ndi mizere ya khosi la ngale yofanana ndi kukongola kwa mahipu, ena amapanga ma buluzi ang'onoting'ono - okhala ndi nyanga ziwiri, zitatu ngakhale zinayi!

M'banja lokhalamo nyama, anyani amadziwika kuti ndi nyani chifukwa chokonda kukwera mitengo. Pachifukwachi, chilengedwe chimagawa maudzu awo opindika asanu m'magulu awiri azala ziwiri ndi zitatu, zokutidwa ndi mamba owoneka bwino ndikutha kumapanga. Mchira wosinthika umakwaniritsa chilichonse - chameleon chake chimakutira mwachangu ndi kuzungulira mozungulira poyimitsa.

Chameleon ndi mfumu yobisika. Sali nkomwe kuti adziwonetsetse ngati ali ndi nyama yomwe amasaka, kapena kwa omwe amadyera nyama omwe amamuwona ngati wapamwamba - njoka ndi mbalame zina zazikulu. Chameleon ndiwonetsero wamphamvu wosasinthika. Amatha kuzizira masamba kwa masiku angapo, ndipo nthawi zina masabata. Mawu olondola, chameleon amatha kugwira ntchito ngati chimera ku tchalitchi cha Gothic ku Europe. Koma chameleon ali ndi zolinga zina: akuyenera kukhala tcheru.

Pankhaniyi, ngwazi yathu imagwiritsa ntchito njira yosaoneka ndi nkhope yonse. Nkhope yathunthu, imawoneka lathyathyathya kwathunthu. Kuchokera kumbali, ndizosadziwika kuchokera kuzungulira - osati chifukwa chokhoza kusintha mtundu wake mwakufuna kwawo, monga ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika, koma chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a khungu, omwe amalola kuti lisungunuke mitundu ya nkhalango.

Kudziteteza

Utoto wa camouflage sikuti umangothandiza chameleon kuti usaoneke panthawi yakusaka, komanso chitetezo chabwino kwa adani. Kusintha kwa ma chameleon kumalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe awo. Khungu lakunja la nyama zotere limakhala ndi ma chromatophores - maselo okhala ndi zofiirira zakuda, zofiirira komanso zachikasu. Momwe ma chromatophores amachepetsedwa, mbewuzo zimasonkhanitsidwa pakati pa maselo, ndipo khungu la chameleon limakhala loyera kapena chikaso. Utoto wakuda utakola khungu, umakhala wakuda. Maonekedwe a mithunzi ina amachititsa kuphatikizika kwa utoto wa zigawo zonse ziwiri. Ndipo matani obiriwira amatuluka chifukwa chakuzimitsa kwa ma ray pamtunda, komwe kumakhala ndi makhiristo a guanine omwe amawunikira. Ziweto zimathanso kusintha mtundu wa ziwalo za thupi.

Maonekedwe ophatikizika

Dzinalo "chameleon" limachokera ku dzina la cholengedwa cha nthano, kusintha mawonekedwe ake. Komabe, kuthekera kosintha mtundu mwachangu kutengera utoto wa zinthu sizinthu zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala wamba. Kapangidwe kazachilendo ka ziwalo zamawonedwe kumayeneranso kuyang'aniridwa. Maso a chameleon ndi okulirapo komanso ozungulira, amazunguliridwa ndi chikope chowirikiza chopanda, mkati mwake momwe muli dzenje laling'ono la wophunzirayo. Maso a chameleon amayenda palokha popanda wina aliyense. Maso amasinthasintha mwaulere 180 ° mozungulira ndi 90 ° molunjika. Thupi la chameleon limakanikizidwa mwamphamvu kuchokera kumbali. Mutuwu ndi wokumba chisoti, wokongoletsedwa ndi zitunda ndi ma tubercles. Miyendo ndi yayitali. Zala zawo zimatha ndi zibowo zakuthwa. Nyama wamba imagwiritsa ntchito mchira wake wolimba ngati nthambi yachisanu.

Kusaka

Chifukwa cha lilime lawo lalitali lamphamvu ndi maso akuzungulira mbali zosiyanasiyana, ma chamele ndi osaka bwino. Poona womenyedwayo, akum'yang'ana ndi 'kumuwombera' ndi lilime lake m'manja mwake. Pamaso pa lilime pamakhala kapu, ndipo kachilombako kanalowera mkamwa mwa buluzi wachilendoyu. Zimathandizanso kusaka kuti lilime limakhala ngati woyamwa. Izi zimapatsa mwayi aliyense wopulumutsidwa. Kugwidwa kumatenga chakhumi. Lilime limatha kugwira chakudya cholemera mpaka magalamu 50, ndipo limathanso kugwira malo momwe lingatherere kachilombo komwe kali mbali ina ya pepalalo. Ma Chameleon amadikirira nyama mwachidwi, atakhala maola ambiri osagwedezeka. Koma zonsezi sizitanthauza kuti ndi aulesi komanso opanda chidwi: ngati kuli kotheka, ma chamele amatha kungothamanga mwachangu, komanso amapanga kudumpha kwa mitengo.

Zosangalatsa! Ma chameleon amatha kuwona bwino nyama zouluka ndipo amatha kuona ngakhale kachilombo kakang'ono kutalikirana kwa 10 mita.

Zambiri Zofalitsa

Ma chameleon ambiri ndi oviparous. Mazira amawaika pansi mozama. Chiwerengero cha mazira amtundu wosiyanasiyana chimachokera ku zidutswa 15 mpaka 80, ndipo nthawi ya makulitsidwe imayambira 3 mpaka 10 miyezi.

Pali mitundu ya viviparous ochepa, nthawi zambiri izi ndi nyama zomwe zimakhala pamwamba m'mapiri. Yaikazi imabereka ana 14 aamuna. Izi zimachitika mwachindunji panthambi za mitengo. Makanda obadwa kumene sagwa chifukwa cha chipolopolo cha dzira loonda komanso chomata, chomwe kwa nthawi yayitali chimawakunjikitsa.

Mitundu ya Parthenogenetic imapezeka pakati pa chameleon - amuna samakhalapo, akazi amawayika mazira osabereka, pomwe iwo abwinobwino kwathunthu ana.

Ali ku ukapolo, okonda ambiri amakonda kubereka mtundu monga Chamaeleo calyptratus.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa chameleon kutengera kukula kwawo. Mitundu yaying'ono imakhala zaka 2-3, zazikulu, monga chameleon kapena panther, mpaka zaka 10.

Masomphenya ndi zina

Chameleon ndi zazikulu maso ovuta. Matopewo anasambira, koma panali mabowo a kamwanako.

KUMASULIRA! Akatswiri azakutsogolo a Israeli atsimikizira kuti masinthidwe abwinobwino siwosokonekera. Ngakhale maso amasunthira pawokha madigiri a 180 molunjika ndi madigiri 90 molunjika.

Kuwongolera chilengedwe kumakhala ndi kuwongolera bwino komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wotsata zolinga ziwiri.

Maso omwe ali kumbaliwona chithunzi chachikulu..

• Chimodzi ndicho kuyang'ana kugwiriridwa.
• Wina amatsata chilengedwe.

Zofunika! Panthawi yakuukira, onse amayang'ana yemwe akuzunzidwayo, mtunda womwe umatsimikiziridwa bwino kwambiri.

Mikango imasiyanitsa bwino zinthu zapafupi. Ena amatha kuwona mu chiwonetsero cha ultraviolet, chomwe chimathandizira kusaka kwa abale ndi nyama mumdima.

Yemeni Chameleon

Chingwe chachikulu chotchedwa chamomile, chotalika masentimita 60. Monga ma panther chameleon, amuna ndi okulirapo komanso owala bwino. Chizindikiro cha mtundu wa chameleon ichi ndi kutalika kwake, komwe kumakhala kumutu, kumakula mpaka masentimita 7-8. Mtundu wake, chidwi chimakopeka ndi masamba atatu achikasu mbali, iliyonse yomwe imakhala yokongoletsedwa ndi mzere wa lalanje ndi bulauni. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, anyani amtundu wa Yemeni ndiwankhanza kwambiri, nthawi zina pamakhala mikangano pakati pawo wamoyo ndi imfa. Amakhala kumapiri a Yemen ndi Saudi Arabia.

Scalloped Chameleon

Mtunduwu udakhala ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha fanizi wooneka ngati kumbuyo komwe amakhala kumbuyo. Pamutu pake, ali ndi chifanizo cha chisoti chokongoletsedwa ndi mamba owala amtambo. Imakhala ndi imvi, bulauni kapena mtundu wakuda, zachikazi ndizobiriwira. Kutalika kwa khungu la scallop chameleon ndi 20-25 cm. Amakhala ku West Africa.

Chameleon a Jackson

Chimbudzi chowoneka bwino chobiriwirachi chimatha kusintha kwambiri mtundu wake, ndikusintha kukhala mtundu wamtambo kapena wachikasu. Mbuye wowoneka bwino wamisala. Amasiyana ndi ma chameleon ena pamaso pa nyanga zitatu zofiirira zomwe zimakhala pamphuno ndi pakati pa maso. Kutalika kwamtundu wamtunduwu ndi masentimita 30. Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za East Africa.

Chipululu

Pokhala kokha m'malo a chipululu a Angola ndi Namibia, kamadzi kamtunda kameneka kamatha kukhala malo okhala. Amasinthanso mitundu yake kuti angodzisowetsa mtendere kwa adani, komanso kuti asinthe kutentha kwa thupi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 16 cm.

Wamba chameleon

Woimira ambiri pabanja lalikulu lamanyumba. Amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana: kuchokera kunkhalango za Syria, India ndi Arabia mpaka ku South Africa. Ali ndi 30 cm kutalika. Mtundu wa pakhungu umatha kukhala wamtundu kapena wowonekera, nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira bwino, koma umatha kutembenukira chikaso lowoneka bwino (kutengera kufunika)

Giant chameleon

Chimphona chachikulu chomwe chimakhala pachilumba cha Madagascar ndichodziwika chifukwa ichi ndiye chameleon wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika masentimita 68. Ali ndi thupi lofiirira, lotchingidwa ndi mawonekedwe achikasu, obiriwira komanso ofiira.

Munasankha kukhala ndi chameleon

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, ma chameleon asiya kukhala mwayi wopeza ndalama zambiri wogwira ntchito ku Russian terrarium. Kuitanitsa nyamazi kuchokera kunja kwachuluka, ndipo pali mabuku ambiri pazomwe ali.

Mitengo pamsika wa chameleon imachokera ku ruble 20 wapadera kwa akhanda mpaka 650 ma ruble a mitundu yachilendo.

Musanayambe chizungulire, muziganiza ngati mungathe kumulipira. Ndikwabwino kupeza nyama yothandizira kubereka. Simuyenera kugula nyama zotsalira kapena zodwala, monga lamulo, sizitha kuchiritsidwa.

Ndizothandiza kwambiri kudziwa zachilengedwe “zosavuta”, mwachitsanzo, pa chamba wamba (Chamaeleo chamaeleo) kapena Сhamaeleo calyptratus. Zomwe zimasowa kwambiri nyamazo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zizisamalira. Chifukwa chake, ma chlorons okongola a alpine amafunika malo opangira ozizira ndi mtengo wozizira wokwera mtengo.

Ngati ndi kotheka, onetsetsani ngati nyama zomwe mwazipeza zili ndi majeremusi akunja kapena amkati. Monga lamulo, chilichonse chosasamala chilichonse chomwe chimapezeka m'chilengedwe chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya helminths yamkati. Ma helminths, kuphatikiza kupsinjika ndi kusowa kwamphamvu kwa nyama pamtunda wautali wochokera ku kontrakitala kupita ku kontinent, kumafooketsa chitetezo chake. Izi zopanda ntchito zimafunika chisamaliro mosamalitsa.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji chameleon wathanzi?

Ngati mwaganiza zoyambitsa chameleon ku Yemeni, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mugule kumalo ogulitsira apadera azaka zosachepera miyezi itatu. Ndi mu m'badwo uwu momwe zoperewera zonse zimaberekera, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chakuti pafupifupi onse "olimidwa" ma chameleon amakhala ndi magazi akale mwa iwo, popeza onse ndi abale achibale kuchokera kwa makolo onse. Ma chameleon ambiri amamwalira adakali aang'ono, omwe ali ndi miyezi 3-4 ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wonse mosamalitsa.

Pogula, onetsetsani kuti mukuyang'ana maso a nyamayo, iyenera kukhala yotseguka ndi kuyendayenda, maso otsekeka akuwonetsa nyama yofooka, ndipo maso owala amawonetsa kusowa kwamadzi.

Mawamba a chameleon ayenera kukhala ophwa, amayenera kuyenda popanda zovuta. Kupatuka kulikonse kukuwonetsa kusowa kwa calcium m'thupi komanso mavuto ndi masculoskeletal system.

Ngati mtundu wa chameleon ndi wakuda kwambiri, osati wowala mokwanira kapena imvi - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda kapena kutentha kwambiri, komwe kungakhudzenso chitukuko china. Tchera khutu pakamwa pa chameleon - sayenera kukhala cholinga cha utoto wobiriwira wachikasu. Kuti chimbudzi chitsegule pakamwa pake, ingogwirani m'manja ndi kuletsa kuyenda. Chinyontho chikuyamba kulira, ndipo mudzakhala ndi mwayi wofufuza zamkamwa. Osawopa kufinya nsagwada kuchokera mmbali kuti mukakambe pakamwa.

Kusamalira Panyumba

Kuti chameleon azikhala mwamtendere kunyumba, muyenera kugula malo enaake apadera: vertical, 100-120 malita. Magetsi awiri amayikidwa mmenemo: woyamba - wokhala ndi ma radiation a ultraviolet, wachiwiri - umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsa mpweya.

Payokha, muyenera kusamalira kutenthesa pansi pa terarium usiku. Khomo la chameleon likuphatikizanso chosungira chosazama chokha, chomwe chimakhala mozungulira gawo lonselo. Zinthu zofunikira zokongoletsa zimakhala mtengo (kutengera kukula kwa chiwetocho komanso malo ojambulira, kunyamula nthambi kapena snag yonse) ndikukhala ndi malo okongola. Ndikofunikira kukonza mpweya wabwino mkati mwa nyumbayo.

Muyenera kuyeretsa malo kamodzi pamasiku awiri (ngati mumakhala waulesi komanso kuichotsa kawirikawiri, microflora ya pathogenic imatha kukhazikitsidwa m'nyumba mwanu, yomwe imakhala yoyipa kwambiri ku mtundu uliwonse wa nyama zamtchire).

Malangizo pa kutentha kwa kunja: zonse - ziyenera kukhala madigiri 22-24, mwachindunji pansi pa magetsi otentha - 30-32 madigiri. Chinyezi chimasungidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana 30-50%. Nyali ya ultraviolet imayatsidwa kwa maola 6-8 patsiku.

Ngati mukufuna kupeza anthu angapo nthawi imodzi, simuyenera kuwayika pamalo amodzi wamba: ma chamele amatha kupsa mtima kwa achibale awo (nthawi yakukhwima ikhala yosiyana) - chifukwa chake, aliyense m'mabanja akhoza kukhala mdani, ndipo oyandikana nawo amatha kutha magazi. Konzani magawo omwe azikhala kuti azikhala.

Habitat

Amakhala makamaka pamitengo. Apa, chifukwa cha miyendo yawo yayitali, yopyapyala komanso yolimba kwambiri, amasuntha kuchoka ku nthambi imodzi kupita ku ina. Koma amathanso kukonza nyumba mu tchire kapena, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitengo yaying'ono, pakati pa udzu. Malo achilengedwe ndi nkhalango zotentha, mapiri ataliitali, mapiri ataliatali.

Zofunika! Chinyanja chimasankha malo omwe ali pafupi ndi dziwe.

Chlhoon wamba amakhala kumpoto kwa Africa, madera akumwera kwa Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain, France komanso kuzilumba zina za Mediterranean (Sicily, Sardinia, Krete). Ku Europe, malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango za paini.

Utoto ndi kusintha kwake

Izi makamaka ndizochita zosintha mtundu, kuphatikiza ndi chilengedwe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe opanga. Zimatengera kutentha, kuwala ndi malingaliro a nyamayo.

Zofunika! Chifukwa cha izi, anthu wamba ambiri ku Africa kuno amawona anyani kuti ndi amithenga pakati pa ufumu wa amoyo ndi ufumu wa akufa.

Kujambula nyama ndikosiyana kwambiri, ndipo zimatengera malo. Mitundu wamba: zobiriwira, chikaso, imvi komanso zofiirira.

Kugonana ndi kubereka

Kugonana kwamanyazi kumaonekera kwambiri pakati pa chameleon, ndipo Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala "ovala" mwachilengedwe. Amakhala ndi nyanga komanso crests.

Chizindikiro china cha kutsimikiza kugonana mchira wokulira mu akulu amuna.

Zonse zazikazi ndi zazimuna zimasintha mtundu pakukhwima. Koma osati zochuluka kuti zigwirizane ndi chilengedwe, koma kusangalatsa wokondedwa.

Buku! Amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wowala, ndipo zachikazi zimayamba kuda.

Yaikaziyo imayikira mazira kumapeto kwa chirimwe, mpaka mpaka 40, ndikuzibisa pafupi ndi mtengo womwe akukhalamo. Nthawi yokucha ikhoza kukhala yosiyana, kuyambira miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka chimodzi.

Matenda a Chameleon ndi Mavuto A Zaumoyo

Kapangidwe ka thupi la zolengedwa zachilendozi zimakhudza mwachindunji kupezeka kwa matenda ofala kwambiri m'malo awo. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri amadwala chifukwa cha zovuta ndi maso (kuphatikiza zida za maso), kuwotcha, matenda am'mimba, kusowa kwa mavitamini ndi michere mthupi, zomwe zimabweretsa ma rickets kapena zolakwika zina mu chamoyo chomwirira choyipa.

Chodabwitsa ndi chakuti matenda a ziweto amayamba msanga ndipo amakula msanga - chifukwa chake, kuperekera chithandizo chamankhwala osayenera kungayambitse imfa yamanyazi ngakhale kudwala kwambiri.

Kubwera kwa kuledzera kwa chakudya kumakhalanso kotheka, komwe nthawi zambiri kumayamba chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri buluzi. Zizindikiro zofotokozedwa za vutoli ndi kupunduka kwa chonde, kulephera kudya, kudzimbidwa. Ngati chameleon chafowoketsa chitetezo chokwanira, matenda a mavairasi sayikidwa. Mukaona zizindikiro monga kutsokomola (chotsani mankhwalawo chibayo, popeza abuluzi salola kusintha kwa kutentha, kusanja ndi kuzizira), kutulutsa, kusasangalala ndi ulesi, ndiye kuti chiweto chanu chitha kudwala helminthic. Vutoli likuwoneka mu ma chameleon omwe adagwidwa kuthengo asanalowe malo ogulitsa ziweto.

Mwini wa nyama yachilendo amayenera kudabwitsidwa ndi kuphwanyidwa pang'ono mu mawonekedwe a chinyama - iyi ndi nthawi yolumikizana ndi veterinarian. Poganizira zowerengera zonse za zolengedwa zosauka izi, eni zilombo zantchito nthawi yomweyo amabweretsa ziweto zawo kwa hertipologist, osati kwa veterinarian omwe tikudziwa: katswiri wopendekera uyu wazirombo yemwe amatha kupereka chithandizo chokwanira kwa akatswiri odwala osadwala.

Chameleon: Kufotokozera ndi kufotokoza. Kodi nyamayo imawoneka bwanji?

Chameleon ndi imodzi mwazibuluzi zachilendo kwambiri komanso zokongola padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa chameleon ndi pafupifupi 30 cm, ma chameleon akulu kwambiri amakula mpaka 65-68 cm, kukula kwa abuluzi ochepa kwambiri sikupitirira masentimita 3-5. Mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa buluzi wamwamuna Brookesia micra pamodzi ndi mchira wake ndi 2.2-2.3 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa chimphonacho Furcifer oustaleti ndi 50-68 cm.

Thupi lokwera la chameleon nthawi zambiri limakongoletsedwa ndi zitunda zapamwamba zowoneka bwino zomwe zimapitilira kutalika konse kwa msana kapena zimangokhala pamutu pokha.

Amabuluzi amasiyanitsidwa ndi chigaza chowoneka ngati chisoti ndi nape yokwezedwa.

Mutu wa kamuna wamwamuna umatha kuvekedwa korona ndi mitundu ingapo ya mafupa - ma tubercles kapena nyanga zakuthwa.

Akazi, monga lamulo, alibe zodzikongoletsera zotere.

Mawamba a chameleon ndiwotalika, okhala ndi zala zophatikizidwa, ndikupanga mtundu wa "zikhadabo", mothandizidwa ndi komwe nkoyenera kukwera mitengo, kugunda nthambi.

Buluzi ambiri, okhala makamaka pamitengo, amakhala ndi mchira wautali, wopindika, womwe umagwiritsidwanso ntchito mopambana kukwera. Mitundu yam'madzi yadziko lapansi, nthawi zambiri, imakhala yochepa.

Chizindikiro chodziwikiratu cha ma chameleon ndi maso awo, ophimbidwa ndi matope opaka ndi bowo laling'ono kwa wophunzira.

Kuwoneka mozungulira konseko kumaperekedwa ndi kusayenda kosagwirizana ndi maso amanzere ndi kumanja, komwe kumathandiza kwambiri pakusaka bwino.

Lilime la chameleon lili ndi chikho chomata chakumapeto kwenikweni. Popita kusaka, mbalamezi zimangokhala osabisalira, osayenda m'maso mwake pang'onopang'ono, ndipo panthawi yomenyera iye akutaya lilime lake kumbali ya womenyedwayo. Njira yolanda nyama ndi kubwezera lilime pakamwa imatenga mphindi zochepa. Ndipo kuponyedwa lilime kumachitika mu 1/20 kwa sekondi. Chifukwa chake, m'masekondi atatu, buluzi amatha kugwira anthu 4 omwe akuvutika.

Ngati nkhata yovuta kugwira ndi lilime, nthawi yotsatira munthu wosayendayenda amakumana ndi vuto lakelo. Kutalika kwa lilime kuli pafupifupi 1.5-2 kutalika kwa buluzi pawokha.

Khalidwe la Chameleon

Pafupifupi moyo wonse wa chameleon umachitika m'nthambi zazitali za mitengo kapena zitsamba. Chimakonda kutsika pansi, nthawi zambiri ikamatha kapena kuzindikira nyama yabwino kwambiri. Kusunthira pansi miyendo ya mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino ndikovuta, koma korona wa mtengo ndi "chida" chotere, chophatikizidwa ndi mchira wolimba, ndizofunikira komanso zothandiza.

Chingwe ndi chaulesi komanso chosangalatsa: chimakonda kuyenda pang'ono komanso kungokhala maola ambiri osasintha momwe chimakhalira, ndikugwirizanitsa nthambi yake ndi chingwe chake ndi mchira. Zowona, akakumana ndi zoopsa, amathamangira mwachangu ndikudumpha.

Mitundu ya ma chameleon, mayina ndi zithunzi

Gulu la ma chameleon pano lili ndi mitundu 11, yopangidwa ndi mitundu 193. Otsatirawa ndi kufotokozera kwamitundu ingapo yamamadzi:

• Panther Chameleon (Panther Chameleon)(Furcifer pardalis)

Chimodzi mwaz Mitundu yowala kwambiri. Ma chameleon achichepere ali ndi khungu la imvi, koma zoyerekeza zogonana zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yobiriwira, ofiira ndi ofiira. Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 52, amuna amakhala akulu pang'ono kuposa zazikazi komanso zowala kwambiri. Chingwe chotchedwa panther chameleon chidadziwika nalo chifukwa cha malo angapo owonongera omwe anali mbali zake.

Mitundu ya End End, wokhala wamba pachilumba cha Madagascar ndi zilumba za Indian Ocean zomwe zili pafupi nawo. Zoyala zokhala pamitengo ndi zitsamba pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Panther Chameleon ndi amodzi a abuluzi odziwika kwambiri ndipo amakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 4.

• Yemeni Chameleon(Chamaeleo calyptratus)

Mitundu ya abuluzi akuluakulu omwe amakula mpaka 60 cm. Amphongo ndi okulirapo kuposa chachikazi chowoneka bwino komanso chowoneka bwino: mawonekedwe atatu achikasu mbali, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mtundu wamtambo wa lalanje ndi bulauni, ikuwomba. Pamutu wamphongo pali wokwera kwambiri, wokula mpaka masentimita 700. Nyama zamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamanyazi ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo kumenyana kwamwazi pakati pa adani ake kumatha kumapeto kwa imodzi mwa nyama.

Ma chameleon aku Yemeni amakhala kumapiri kudera la Yemen ndi Saudi Arabia. Amakonda kukhazikika pa mthethe ndi mkaka wam'madzi, ma chameleon amadya masamba, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso kugwira zolimba, zing'onozing'ono ndi makoswe. Pamodzi ndi panther chameleon, ku Yemen chameleon nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yopanda nyama.

• Scalloped Chameleon(Trioceros cristatus)

Buluzi, chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi chizimba chachikulu chooneka ngati fan. "Chisoti" pamutu pa amuna chimakhala chokongoletsedwa ndi mamba owala amtambo. Mtundu waukulu wa thupi la chinson chachimuna ndi imvi, yakuda kapena yofiirira, zazikazi zimakhala zobiriwira kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu ndi 20-25 cm.

Ma chamba osakhazikika amakhala ku West Africa, m'maiko ngati Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, Togo. Oimira nyamazo amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi nthaka, m'nthaka ndi m'nthambi za mitengo, komwe amasaka dzombe, ziwala ndi achule ang'ono.

• Chameleon a Jackson(Trioceros jacksonii)

Kamadzi owoneka bwino wobiriwira yemwe amasintha mwachangu kukhala mtundu wamtambo kapena wachikasu. Amunawa amasiyanitsidwa ndi nyanga zitatu zofiirira: imodzi imamera pamphuno, ziwiri pakati pamaso. Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu ndi 30 cm.

Imakonda nkhalango zofewa za kum'mawa kwa Africa.

• Chipululu(Chamaeleo namaquensis)

Amakhala mchipululu chokha kumadera a Namibia ndi Angola ku kontinenti ya Africa. Kusinthidwa ndikukhala malo okhala ouma, oyimira amtunduwu amasintha mtundu kumlingo kuti asinthe kutentha kwa thupi.

Kutalika kwa akazi achikulire kufika 16 cm, amuna ndi ochepa. Zakudya zam'madzi zam'chipululu zimapangidwa ndi tizilombo, njoka zazing'onoting'ono, abuluzi ndi zinkhanira.

• Chameleon(Chamaeleo chamaeleon)

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango ndi zipululu za kumpoto kwa Africa, Syria, India, Arabia ndi Sri Lanka. Kutalika kwa thupi la chameleon kumafikira 30 cm, ndipo khungu limatha kukhala lowonekera kapena lowoneka bwino: zobiriwira zakuda, zofiira kwambiri kapena chikaso.

Chakudya cha ma chameleon amtunduwu ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo ndi ma invertebrates, okhala kwambiri pamiyala yamtunda.

• ChameleonCalumma tarzan

Mtundu wachilendo wamakhwala obiriwira omwe amapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Madagascar pafupi ndi mudzi wa Tarzanville. Asayansi omwe apeza buluzi mwadala adatcha nyamayo dzina la Tarzan, akuyembekeza kudzutsa kumvetsetsa kwa anthu amderalo ponena za kuteteza malo okhala zachilengedwe. Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu ndi mchira ndi 11.9-15 cm.

• Chameleon Furcifer labordi

Mtundu wapadera wa ma chameleon aku Madagascar, omwe makanda awo obadwa kumene amatha kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa 4-5 m'miyezi iwiri, motero amakhala olemba zolengedwa zomwe zikuyenda miyendo inayi.

Amuna amakula mpaka 9 cm, zazikazi mpaka 7 cm. Furcifer labordi chameleon amakhala miyezi 4-5 yokha, kuyikira mazira awo ndikumwalira ana awo asanabadwe.

• Chameleon Brookesia micra

Wamng'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayi ndi buluzi wocheperako komanso nyama zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu kumasiyana kuyambira 2.3 mpaka 2.9 cm, ndipo zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa amuna. Mitunduyi idapezeka mu 2007 pachilumba cha Nosu Hara. M'malo opanda phokoso, kamtambo kamtambo ndimtundu wakuda, zikafuna ngozi, mchira wake umasanduka wachikaso, ndipo thupi lake limakutidwa ndi mawanga obiriwira.

• Giant chameleon(Furcifer oustaleti)

Chimodzi mwazikulu zazikulu padziko lapansi. Kutalika konse kwa thupi la akulu ndi 50-68 cm. Thupi lamtundu wa abuluzi limasanjidwa ndi mawanga achikasu, obiriwira komanso ofiira.

Chithunzi chowonekera kuchokera pachilumba cha Madagascar. Nyakwayo imakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, zotentha, pomwe zimadya nyama zazing'ono, mbalame zazitali, abuluzi ndi tizilombo mosangalatsa.

Chameleon kuswana

Nthawi zambiri, anyani amakonda kukhala pawokha, ngakhale amuna ena amakhala bwino m'nyumba ya akazi ambiri.

Mitundu yambiri ya ma chameleon imaswana 2 pachaka. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba ndikulimbana koopsa kwa amuna kwa akazi. Pakulimbana kosafunikira, pamene otsutsa amangokhala ndi nyanga zakuthwa ndikuluma wina ndi mnzake, otsutsa ofooka amatha kuvulala kwambiri kapena kuphedwa.

Mitundu yaikazi yokhala ndi mazira imayikira mazira 15 mpaka 60 mwa kukumba mumchenga, ndipo anthu okhala pamitengo amapachika zomangira panthambi. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imayamba kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka 10. Mitundu ya viviparous ndi ovoviviparous imabweretsa kuchokera pa ana 5 mpaka 15, ndipo pambuyo pobadwa imatha kubereka kachiwiri.

Pakadali pano, anthu ambiri akufuna kugula chameleon. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yosungidwa kunyumba ndi ma chameleon aku Yemeni ndi Panther. Kwa abuluzi, ndikofunikira kupanga malo pafupi kwambiri ndi nyengo yamvula yamvula. Kuti muchite izi, mudzasowa malo owotchera malo okhala ndi nyali ya ultraviolet mokhoza kusunga kutentha kwa kutentha kuyambira +28 mpaka +32 digiri masana ndi madigiri 2525 usiku. Chinyezi cha pafupifupi 60% chimaperekedwa ndi kupopera nthawi zonse kapena pampu yomwe nthawi ndi nthawi imapereka mtsinje wamadzi.

Terrarium

Pansi pa malo ojambulidwa ndi mchenga, sphagnum kapena vermiculite. Mkati mwake, pazikhala nthambi zochulukirapo ndi zomerazo kuti buluzi azitha kuzikwera. Madzi kulowa masamba kuchokera pampope amakhala chinyezi kwa chameleon, apo ayi chiweto chimayenera kumwa kuchokera ku syringe ya pulasitiki, chifukwa abuluzi sadziwa kumwa madzi kuchokera mbale, koma kunyambita chinyontho ndi lilime ndikuyamwa ndi thupi, ngati blotter.

Kodi kudyetsa chameleon?

Dyetsani chameleon kunyumba 2 pa tsiku. Pakudya kokwanira, ma cickets, ntchentche, ntchentche zazipatso ndi tizilombo tina - agulugufe, ziwala, kafadala, mapeto, ntchentche, ndizoyenera. 2-3 kawiri pa sabata, kusakaniza kwa vitamini-mineral wa zokwawa zambiri kumawonjezeranso chakudya. Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira azomera, masamba ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Kuti chiweto chizikhala ndi nyama zatsopano, eni eni amalima tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, komanso amadyetsa ziweto za akuluakulu ndi mbewe zatsopano.