Uthenga chifmat Meyi 09, 2012 11:36 AM

Zambiri mwa Beaufortia (Beaufortia kweichowensis):

Banja: Balitoridae
Chiyambi: China, Vietnam, Laos, Borneo
Kutentha kwamadzi: 20-23
Chinyezi: 7.0-8.0
Kuuma: 3-12
Kukula kwa kukula kwa Aquarium: 7
Magawo okhala: Pansi
Kuchulukitsa kotsimikizika kwama aquarium kwa munthu wamkulu m'modzi: osachepera 50 malita

Zambiri pa Befortia (Beaufortia kweichowensis):

Kuyamba

Befortia aquarium nsomba ikuwoneka momwe idachokera. M'mawu ake, imawoneka ngati foloko kapena stingray. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "chanjira chabodza".

Dzinalo la chinsomba ku Latin ndi Beaufortia kweichowensis kapena Beaufortia leveretti, koyambirira komwe amatchedwa cholengedwa ichi Gastromyzon leveretti kweichowensis. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, malongosoledwe a befortia anali ofala mu 1931, anapeza nsomba mumtsinje wa Hi Jang, womwe uli kumwera kwa China. Malo omwe nsomba zimapezeka ndi mafakitale ndipo adakhazikitsidwa bwino, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa chilengedwe ndikuwononga kukhalapo kwa befortias. Koma nsomba izi sizinatchulidwebe m'bukhu ladziko lonse lapansi.

Mtundu waukulu wa thupi la befortia ndi mtundu wa bulauni, mawanga amdera omwazikana mosiyanasiyana m'thupi. Malire a malo oterowo amadutsa m'mphepete mwa zipsepalazo.

Munthawi yachilengedwe, nsomba imakhala m'madzi ndi madzi othamanga. Befortias amasambira mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimawalola kuchoka ku zilombo zazikulu.

Befortias, omwe amakhala m'malo achilengedwe, amakula mpaka 8 cm, kutalika kwa toyesa m'madzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa. Ndi zabwino, nsomba izi zimakhala ndi zaka 8.

Mawonekedwe: kukula, mtundu, mawonekedwe akuyenda

M'malo mwake, befortia si njira, koma nsomba yochokera ku carp. Kuyanjana ndi ma stingrays kapena ma flounders ndikomveka - mtunduwu ulibe mamba pamutu ndi thupi lotsika, koma pali zipsepse zamoto zochulukirapo. Pamimba pali chikho cha kuyamwa chopangidwa ndi zipsepse zam'mimba komanso zam'mimba. Zimathandiza kukhala pansi ngakhale kuthamanga kwambiri. Nsombayo ikuwoneka kuti yayitali komanso pang'ono.

Kutalika kwake, sioposa 8-10 cm (komanso ali mu ukapolo - 6-8 cm). Palibe kusiyana kwapadera pakati pa achimuna ndi achikazi, pokhapokha malembawo atha kukhala akulu akulu a 1-2 cm. Befortias amayenda koseketsa kwambiri. Amawoneka kuti akukwawa, akupindika pang'ono.

Thupi la okhala padziko lapansi lamadzi ndi lofiirira (nthawi zina limatalala), lomwe limakutidwa ndi madambo ambiri amdima. Amapezeka mwadzidzidzi, koma m'mphepete mwa zipsepizo amatha kupinda ndi mzere. Mtundu wosangalatsa ngati uwu umapangidwa kuti ma pseudoscats sawoneka kwa mbalame zosaka. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, nsomba zimatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 7-8.

Aquarium

Kuti musunge gulu la ma befortias atatu, mukufunikira ma aquarium a 100 malita. Izi nsomba makamaka amakhala pafupi-pansi pansi, motero, payenera kukhala yambiri. Ndikwabwino kugula rectangular aquarium. Kutuluka kwamadzi mu aquarium kumatsimikiziridwa ndi fyuluta yamphamvu. Kuphatikiza madzi ndi mpweya, compressor imayikidwa mu aquarium.

Nyumba yokhala ndi befortium iyenera kukhala ndi chivundikiro chofuma kuti befortium isatuluke ndikufa.

Aquarium yokhala ndi befortias imadzaza ndi madzi ofewa omwe amachititsa asidi pang'ono. Kutentha kwa malo am'madzi sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri 20-23: zotengera zachilengedwe zimakhala m'madzi ozizira ndipo izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. M'nyengo yotentha, madzi mu aquarium ayenera kukhala othandiza.

Dothi komanso zokongoletsa

Pansi pa aquarium wokhala ndi befortias wokutidwa ndi mchenga kapena miyala yabwino. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi nsomba ndichakuti thupi lake silikhala ndi mamba konse. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisakhale ndi malekezero owerengeka ndipo nsomba sizivulala.

The aquarium imakongoletsedwa ndi nkhono, grottoes ndi m'mapanga, okhala ndi algae. Befortias amakonda kusewera ndizomera mosangalatsa, koma sizivulaza kwambiri.

Kuwala sikofunikira kwambiri kwa nsomba zokha (zimakonda kusanja kwa pansi), koma kukula kwa algae.

Kodi kudyetsa befortium?

Beforia ndi ochulukirapo, monga nsomba zambiri zam'madzi. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nsomba izi zimadya algae ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timakhala m'madzi. Aquarium befortia imamwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera komanso nyama. Amadyetsedwa wopanga chitoliro, artemia, magazi ndi chifuwa. Zowonjezera zamasamba (zukini kapena nkhaka) zimalimbikitsidwa.

Befortium imadyetsedwa tsiku lililonse m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Zakudya za nsomba ziyenera kukhala zopatsa thanzi, zopatsa thanzi komanso zamitundumitundu kotero kuti ziweto zizilandira zakudya zathanzi muzofunikira.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire pakati pa amuna ndi akazi?

Beforthia anthu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a mutu ndi thupi. Zikuwoneka bwino kuchokera kumwamba kuti mkazi ndi wamkulu kuposa wamwamuna. Thupi la wamwamuna ndi laling'ono komanso lolimba.

Pamunsi pansipa, mutu waimuna umawoneka wamtali kwambiri ndipo ukufanana ndi lalikulu mawonekedwe.

Amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amasiyana malo a zipsepse zamakutu: mwamunayo, ndalama ya pectoral imakhala yofananira mpaka kumutu, mwa akazi ,imalirayo amachoka pamutu, amapanga mbali yolumikizira. Zachikazi zimapezeka momwe mutu umadutsa mthupi, popanda kusokonezeka kwa zipsepse.

Kubala befortias

Palibe chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza momwe bethtias zimasungidwira m'madzi. Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zodabwitsazi sizimabala konse. Zofanizira zomwe zimapezeka m'masitolo azizilombo ndizovuta kuzigwira kuchokera kuzosungira zachilengedwe.

Matenda a befortium

Kutsika kwa befortias kumalumikizidwa ndi zodabwitsa za kapangidwe kake. Thupi la nsomba izi lilibe mamba ndipo ndiosavuta kuvulaza.

Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri amazindikira chidwi cha nsomba zamtunduwu ndizotsatira zamankhwala ndi feteleza. Kupitilira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opangira mankhwala amachititsa kufa kwa befortium. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala aliwonse kapena kudyetsa zomera za m'madzi, funsani katswiri.

Povulala kapena vuto lina ndi befortia, nsomba yomwe ili ndi nthendayi iyenera kutumizidwa kumalo ena okhala ndi dongo kuti ichiritsidwe.

Quarantine imafunikira kwa nsomba zatsopano zilizonse. Atangozipeza, befortium imayikidwa mumtsuko wokhala ndi zinthu pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Izi zimathandizira kuti nsomba zizolowere nyengo zatsopano ndipo popanda zovuta kusamukira kumalo amodzi wamba.

Zosangalatsa

• Befortia amatha kusintha mawonekedwe amtundu malinga ndi maziko (amatha kukhala opepuka beige kapena pafupifupi akuda). Izi ndizosavuta kuwona ngati miyala yamtambo yamitundu yambiri amaiyika pansi pamadzi.
• Wowopsa kwambiri, befortia imataya khungu konse - mtundu wake umakhala wopepuka ndipo mawanga ali pafupifupi osawoneka. Nsombayo imawala ngakhale ikakwiya kwambiri. Pokhala ndi mkwiyo, mikwingwirima yakuda imawonekera pa msana ndi m'mphepete mwa zipsepse.
• Befortia ndi zolengedwa zokonda mtendere. Pazowopsa, nsomba zimangofalitsa zipsepse zake - ndi momwe zimadziwitsira ubale wawo pakati pamawonetsero apakati. Sangathe kuyipitsa mdani, popeza matupi awo ndi zipsepse sizimatha mafupa

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Befortia (Beaufortia kweichowensis, yemwe kale anali Gastromyzon leveretti kweichowensis) adafotokozedwa ndi Fang mu 1931. Miyoyo ku Southeast Asia, Hong Kong.

Amapezeka mumtsinje wa Hee Jang kumwera kwa China, Guanghi Autonomous Region ndi Guangdong Province. Madera awa a China ndi otukuka kwambiri, komanso owonongedwa. Ndipo malo okhala ali pachiwopsezo. Komabe, silinalembedwe mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse.

Amakhala zachilengedwe m'mitsinje yaying'ono, yoyenda mwachangu komanso mitsinje. Nthaka nthawi zambiri imakhala mchenga ndi mwala - yosalala pamwamba ndi miyala yamwala. Zomera ndizochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutuluka komanso dothi lolimba. Pansi nthawi zambiri chimakutidwa ndi masamba okugwa.

Monga m'chiuno ambiri, amakonda madzi a oxygen. Mwachilengedwe, amadya algae ndi tizilombo.

Aquarium kutsanzira chilengedwe chilengedwe cha befortia. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana!

Kufotokozera

Nsombazo zimatha kukula mpaka 8 cm, ngakhale nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono m'madzi am'madzi, ndipo zimatha zaka 8. Ichi chiuno ndi chosalala ndi m'mimba, chotsika ndipo chimafanana ndi chingwe.

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti befortia ndi mphaka, komabe, imayimira loachweed. Thupi limakhala lofiirira ndi mawanga amdima. Ndizovuta kufotokoza, ndikwabwino kuziwona kamodzi.

Zovuta pazomwe zili

Izi imatha kukhala yolimba ikasamalidwa bwino. Komabe, sizikulimbikitsidwa kwa oyamba kumene, chifukwa chotsimikiza kwake kwa madzi oyera ndi kutentha pang'ono komanso chifukwa chosowa masikelo.

Ndikusowa kwa masikelo komwe kumapangitsa befortia kukhala wokhudzika ndi matenda komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Izi ndi nsomba zolimba bwino zomwe zimatha kusungidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Koma, poti ndi wokhala m'madzi ozizira komanso othamanga, ndibwino kuti mubwererenso zachilengedwe zomwe amakhala.

Madzi abwino, malo okhala ambiri, miyala, zomera ndi mitengo yoterera ndi zomwe zimafunidwa ndi befortia.

Amadya algae ndi zolengeza kuchokera ku miyala, galasi ndi zokongoletsa. Kukulira zachilengedwe, amakonda kampaniyo ndipo iyenera kusungidwa mgulu la anthu asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri, atatu ndi ochepa kwambiri.

KUKHALA NDI MOYO

Befortia (Beaufortia kweichowensis, yemwe kale anali Gastromyzon leveretti kweichowensis) adafotokozedwa ndi Fang mu 1931. Miyoyo ku Southeast Asia, Hong Kong. Amapezeka mumtsinje wa Hee Jang kumwera kwa China, Guanghi Autonomous Region ndi Guangdong Province. Madera awa a China ndi otukuka kwambiri, komanso owonongedwa. Ndipo malo okhala befortia ali pachiwopsezo. Komabe, silinalembedwe mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse.
Mwachilengedwe, befortia amakhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yaying'ono, yomwe imayenda mwachangu. Nthaka nthawi zambiri imakhala mchenga ndi mwala - yosalala pamwamba ndi miyala yamwala. Zomera ndizochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutuluka komanso dothi lolimba. Pansi nthawi zambiri chimakutidwa ndi masamba okugwa. Monga m'chiuno ambiri, amakonda madzi a oxygen. Mwachilengedwe, amadya algae ndi tizilombo.

Aquarium kutsanzira chilengedwe chilengedwe cha befortia. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana!

Kudyetsa

Nsombazo ndizopatsa chidwi, chifukwa zachilengedwe zimadya algae ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Aquarium ili ndi mitundu yonse ya chakudya chamoyo, mapiritsi, chimanga ndi algae. Palinso zakudya zachisanu zomwe zimayamwa.

Kuti iye akhale wathanzi, ndibwino kudyetsa mapiritsi apamwamba kapena phala tsiku lililonse.

Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuwonjezera magazi am'mimba, artemia, machubu, daphnia ndi masamba, mwachitsanzo, nkhaka kapena zukini pazakudya.

Ambiri amakhala pansi, koma udzawaona pa makoma amadzimadzi, akudya mosangalatsa. Kuti mukonzetse, muyenera ngalande yapakatikati (kuchokera pa malita 100), yomwe muli mbewu ndi malo okhala, monga Driftwood, miyala, matako.

Dothi - mchenga kapena miyala yoyera yabwino yokhala ndi m'mbali lakuthwa.

Magawo amadzi akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana, koma abwinoko, madzi ochepera. Chofunikira kwambiri ndicho kutentha kwa 20-23 ° C. Beeftians ndi anthu okhala ndi madzi ozizira ndipo samalola kutentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake pamoto, madzi amafunika kuti azilitsidwa.

Magawo Amadzi: ph 6.5-7.5, kuuma 5 - 10 dGH.

Mbali yachiwiri yofunika kwambiri ndi madzi oyera, okhala ndi okosijeni, okhala ndi magetsi. Ndikofunika kuberekanso nyengo zam'madzi zomwe zimakumbukira kwambiri zachilengedwe.

Mphamvu yayitali, mutha kupanga fayilo yamphamvu, ndikofunikira kuti musayimitse chitoliro, monga kubwezeretsanso madzi. Kwa iye, monga m'chiuno chonse, mumafunikira masheya ambiri omwe amatha kupangidwa ndi miyala ndi mabatani.

Kuwala kowala kumafunikira kuti kulimbikitse kukula kwa algae, koma madera ofunikira nawonso amafunikira. Zomera sizofanana kwenikweni ndi malo oterewa, koma ndibwino kuwabzala mu aquarium.

Ndikofunika kutseka aquarium mwamphamvu, chifukwa nsomba zimatha kuthawa mmalo ndikufa.

Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi befortium pagulu. Osachepera anayi kapena asanu anthu. Gululi liwululira za machitidwe ake, zibisala zochepa, ndipo muwona imodzi kapena ziwiri pakudya.

Ndipo mumakondweretsa kwambiri kuwonera. Tengani mmodzi kapena awiri - pali mwayi wabwino kuti mudzangowawona pakudya. Nsomba zamtchire, pamatha kukhala zolimba ndi zolimbana, makamaka pakati pa amuna.

Koma sizimayambitsa kuvulaza mzake, zimangoyendetsa mpikisano kutali ndi gawo lawo.

Makhalidwe akunja

Thupi la mitundu yonse ya masikono a pseudo-skates limasinthidwa kuti lizisunga nsomba mwachangu mukamayenda pamiyala yosalala ndi miyala kapena miyala. Panyama pawo pali sucker yayikulu, imapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi zipsepse zam'mimba komanso zam'mimba. Chifukwa cha izi, ma pseudoscopes amatha kumamatira kumbali ina kwathunthu ndi thupi lonse. Milomo yawo ili yotsika, pang'ono kukwezedwa.

Mtundu wa thupi befortias wotumbululuka, kudutsa thupi lonse umatha kuwona malo obalalika mosiyanasiyana. Kutalika kwake, nsomba izi zimatha kufika 8 cm, komabe, kunyumba, zimatha kukhala zazing'ono kwambiri.

Maonekedwe seville ofanana kwambiri ndi befortia (komanso gastromizon), ali ndi khungu la bulauni, wokutidwa ndi mawanga amdima, amasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lalikulupo.

Thupi gastromizon kutsegudwa ndi kusefedwa, chifukwa cha ichi adapeza dzina lachiwiri - gitala ya nsomba. Zipsepse zake ndizazikulu zazikulu, zozungulira. Komanso, mutu umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, osunthika pang'ono, umadutsa bwino kupita ku zipsepse pachifuwa, ndipo iwonso, amapita ku ziphuphu zomwe zili pamimba. Poyandikira mchira, thupi limakhala locheperako. Mtunduwo ndi wofanana ndi mitundu ina iwiri. Palibe kukula pamutu pake ndi m'mimba.

Malinga ndi momwe amamangidwira, mitundu yonse ya ma pseudoscats ndi ofanana kwambiri, koma pali zosiyana.

Befortia. Kwa nsomba zam'madzi zoterezi, ndikofunika kugula aquarium yokhala ndi malita 100 kapena kuposerapo. Pa chivundikiro cha aquarium ndi pamwamba pa makhoma ake, muyenera kupanga mbali zazing'ono kuti nsomba zisathawe mu thanki. Kutentha kwamadzi mu aquarium kuyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa 20-23 digiri Celsius, kuuma kuchokera 5 mpaka 10, ndi acidity pamtunda wa 6.5-7.5 pH. Nsombazi sizingathe kulekerera kutentha kokweza kwamadzi, motero madziwo ayenera kuzilitsidwa nthawi yotentha. Madzi a Aquarium ayenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse, okhala ndi okosijeni ochulukirapo komanso otaya kwambiri. Kuti muwonetsetse zonsezi, muyenera kugula fayilo yamphamvu mu aquarium.

Kuunikira mu aquarium kuyenera kukhala kowala (izi zimathandizira kukulira kwa algae), komabe, muyenera kupanga malo angapo ndi mthunzi. Mchenga kapena timiyala tating'ono tomwe tili ndi m'mbali yosalala tiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi. Ma Driftwood osiyanasiyana, mapanga ndi ma grotto osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala zokongoletsera zam'madzi. Zomera zingabzalidwe mwakufuna, komabe, ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba ambiri.

Sevelia. Malo okhala m'mphepete mwa mapiri oterewa ayenera kukhala okulirapo kuposa mitundu ina, popeza seville ndi yayikulu kuposa inzake. Voliyumu yake imatha kuchoka pa malita 150 mpaka 400 malita.

Magawo a madzi ali motere: kutentha 20-25 ° C, kuuma 2-12, acidity - 6.5-7.5 pH. Madzi a Aquarium ayenera kukhala okwanira bwino ndi okosijeni ndikutsukidwa bwino ndi fyuluta. 30% ya madzi okwanira ayenera kusinthidwa sabata iliyonse. Nthaka ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono yosalala. Monga zokongoletsera, mutha kuyika miyala yosalala pansi. Makulu akulu okha ndi omwe angabzalidwe kuchokera kumera, mwachitsanzo, anubias kapena cryptocoryne, omwe amayikidwa miphika.

Gastromizon. Ma pseudoscats amtunduwu ndiofunika kukhala ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono a nsomba 2-4. Kwa gulu lotere la gastromysons, chosungira 60 malita kapena kuposerapo chimafunikira. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, ndipo miyala yoyala iyenera kuyikidwa pamwamba pake. Amagwiritsa ntchito mbeu kuti izikhala yosavuta kuyendayenda, chifukwa cha nsomba izi muyenera kugulanso mbewu zazikulu ndi zamphamvu (zofanana ndi Sevelia).

Mukayika mu dothi la aquarium la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mithunzi, ndiye kuti nsombayo iyamba kusintha mtundu wake kutengera mtundu womwe uli pafupi. Ponena za mitundu ina ya mabala abodza, madzi amayenera kukhala oyera, okhala ndi mpweya wofunikira, kotero kuti aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi fyuluta ndi compressor yamphamvu. Magawo a madzi azikhala motere: kutentha 22-25 madigiri, kuuma 10-15, ndi acidity kuchokera 6 mpaka 7.5 pH.

Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina

Befortium Ndikofunika kuti musunge m'masukulu, kuyambira nsomba 3 mpaka 7 pa aquarium imodzi. Kenako samabisala nthawi zambiri, ndipo mwakutero, zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kuzizindikira.Ndi nsomba zokonda mtendere, zodekha, chifukwa chake zimakhala bwino ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zomwe zimakonda madzi ozizira omwewo, othamanga kwambiri. Siziwopseza mwachangu.

Kuti Sevelia nsomba zazing'ono komanso zopandaukali ziyenera kutidwa, mwachitsanzo, makadinala, gourami yaying'ono. Ndikothekanso kukhala ndi ma beats akulu, discus, aravan.

Gastromysones momwemonso zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi nsomba zamtendere zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale mwachangu. Komabe, siziyenera kuyikidwa mu nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa ndi nsomba zodya nyama, chifukwa zikadzakhala zomwe zidzagwidwa.

Momwe mungadziwire jenda

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi befortium osafotokozedwa mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi. Pali lingaliro kuti amuna ndi amuna kuposa akazi.

Tsimikizani jenda Seville zosavuta pang'ono: Amuna ali ndi mtundu wowala kuposa zazikazi, ali ochepa komanso owonda.

Kusiyanitsa akazi ndi amuna mkati gastromizon ndikothekanso: Amuna amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu.

Zovuta kusunga befortia mu aquarium

Mwachilengedwe, zolengedwa izi zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, motero ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mu aquarium kwa anthu 5-7. Kuchuluka kwa thanki yolimbikitsidwa - kuchokera ku 100 l. Chofunikira: malo oyambira m'madzi ayenera kukhala okutidwa mwamphamvu, apo ayi chiweto chanu chimatha kutuluka, "kukwawa" m'makoma. Kutentha kwamadzi sikuyenera kupitirira 23 ° C (koposa zonse - 20-22 ° C). Izi nsomba sizingathe kuyimirira kutentha kwambiri, kotero kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe madzi amayenera kuti azikhala ozizira. Zizindikiro zofunika za vuto la acidity ndi madzi ndi 6.5-7.5 ndi 10-15, motero.

Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyambo yolimba m'madzi, kotero kuti obereketsa adzafunikira fayilo yamphamvu. Kusintha kwamadzi ndi kuthandizira kuyeneranso kuchitidwa pafupipafupi. Monga dothi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena miyala yabwino (yomalizayo siyenera kukhala ndi mbali zakuthwa zomwe nsomba zimatha kupweteka). Ndikupangidwanso kuti muwonjezere algae ku aquarium - ma pseudoscats ali okondwa kuwaphatikizira muzakudya zawo. Kuti mbewu zikule bwino, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyezenso bwino kwambiri mzindawo. Poterepa, zidzakhala zofunikira kusiya malo amdima ochepa pomwe zimbalangondo zimatha kubisala.

Pansi pa aquarium nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi mabowo, miyala kapena zipilala; m'mapanga ang'onoang'ono angapo mumayikidwapo kuti ziweto zitha kubisalamo. Mutha kubzala mbewu zingapo zing'onozing'ono ndi masamba akulu akulu.

Kugwirizana: timasankha oyandikana nawo

Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi befortium ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono. Anthu oyandikana nawo adzakhala:

Ma pseudoscats sakhala ankhanza ndipo sangavulaze ngakhale nsomba zina. Amakhala odekha komanso amtendere, samenya nkhondo, okwiya kwambiri, pomwe angayese kuthamangitsa mdani mdera lawo. Pseudoscats safuna kuluma kapena kulumala wina ndi mzake, amayesa kuwopa mdani, kufalitsa zipsepse zake. Maonekedwe awo adzakhala oopsa, koma sadzatha kuyipitsa befortium. Koma anansi ankhanza (mwachitsanzo, zilombo zazikulu), m'malo mwake, zitha kuvulaza kwambiri ziweto zamtendere izi. Zimakhala zovuta kuti adziteteze, kuti nsomba sizikhala ndi mafupa m'thupi ndi zipsepse.

KULAMBIRA

Nsomba za Befortia zimatha kukula mpaka 8 cm, ngakhale zimakhala zazing'ono m'madzi am'madzi ndipo zimakhala ndi zaka 8. Ichi chiuno ndi chosalala ndi m'mimba, chotsika ndipo chimafanana ndi chingwe. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti befortia ndi mphaka, komabe, imayimira loachweed. Thupi limakhala lofiirira ndi mawanga amdima. Ndizovuta kufotokoza, ndikwabwino kuziwona kamodzi.

Pankhaniyi, tikambirana za Beaufortia leveretti, komabe, mitundu ina ya befortias, Sevelia, ndi gastromizones kwenikweni sizosiyana wina ndi mnzake pankhani yosunga. Oyamba kumene oyenda pamadzi nthawi zambiri amasokoneza bethtium ndi Sevelia ndi gastromizones chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ena ofanana. Befortia amasiyanitsidwa ndi gastromysones ndi ziphuphu zokulirapo za pectoral, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti akhale ofanana bwino ndi gitala, komanso muzzle wakuthwa (mu gastromizons imakhala yozungulira). Mwachilengedwe, oimira onse a genera pamwambapa amakhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje (yopanda mapiri) yokhala ndi madzi abwino ozizira, mtsinje komanso mpweya wabwino kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka thupi kamasinthidwa kuti nsombazo zitha kumangidwa pamiyala yosalala mumtsinje wamphamvu wamadzi.

Zipsepse zam'mimba ndi zam'mimba zimapanga kapu yayikulu yotulutsa - kutulutsa madzi pansi pa zipsepse ndikupanga utupu, nsomba zimamatirira kumbali iliyonse yosalala ndi thupi lonse. M'malo okhala malo achilengedwe, nsomba sizimakhala ndi mpikisano pachakudya (kupatula oyimira mitundu yawo kapena zofananira), palibenso nyama zomwe zimazisaka. M'malo oterowo, chakudya chachikulu (ndipo nthawi zambiri chokhacho) chimakhala chakudya cham'madzi, chomwe nsomba imakola miyala. Pakamwa pakachepa. Mosiyana ndi loricaria, palibe zolemba zoyipa, ndiye nsomba zimatha kudya chakudya chofewa. Befortias imakhala malo. Oimira amtundu wawo amatha kuwonetsa mkwiyo, koma, monga lamulo, samayambitsa kuvulaza wina ndi mnzake, koma amangoyendetsa ndikukankhira wotsutsa.

Onse nsomba amapita kukagulitsidwa, akugwidwa zachilengedwe, pankhaniyi, ayenera kupanga machitidwe ena mu aquarium nthawi yakusintha. Nsomba zimasinthika kukhala mu ukapolo ngati kuwapatsa iwo bwino kwambiri koyambirira - mtsogolomo, atazigwiritsa ntchito kwathunthu, safunanso mkhalidwe wina uliwonse ndipo akumva bwino muyezo. Mavutidwe azomwe zilipo sizosiyana ndi Sevellias wamba. Ngakhale, pakati pa anyaniwa pali ena omwe amatchedwa "kufa kosayembekezeka" pomwe nsomba zanthete koyamba mwadzidzidzi zimawoneka zakufa mawa. Zikuwonekeratu kuti sipangakhale zachinsinsi, timangodziwa zochepa kwambiri za nsomba zodabwitsazi.

Dzina mu Chirasha: Befortia leveretti

Banja: Gastromyzontidae

Dzina lasayansi: Beaufortia leveretti (Nichols & Pope, 1927)

Mawu: Gastromyzon leveretti (Nichols & Pope, 1927), Gastromyzon leveretti leveretti (Nichols & Pope, 1927), Beaufortia levertti (Nichols & Pope, 1927).

Etymology: Genus Beaufortia: idatchedwa dzina lake polemekeza Pulofesa Dr. Lieven F. de Beaufort, yemwe anathandiza wachilatologist wachilatine Pieter Bleeker kugwiritsa ntchito buku lake lotchuka la nsomba zaku Southeast Asia (Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises, lofalitsidwa mu 1862-1877).

Malingaliro ofanana: Beaufortia kweichowensis (Fang, 1931) Ndiwo mtunduwu womwe umapezeka pamalonda pokhapokha ndipo ndikulakwitsa kuti dzina la Beaufortia leveretti limagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa iwo.

Ma Habitats: Mitundu imakhala ku East Asia. Malo omwe amakhala ndi malo omwe mtsinje wa Red River ndi mtsinje wa Pearl ku China (Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan) ndi Vietnam (malinga ndi Chu et al. 1990, Kottelat 2001), komanso Hainan Island (Zheng 1991).

Habitat: Amakhala osaya kwambiri, okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso wam'madzi wambiri komanso mitsinje ing'onoing'ono, m'mitsinje, m'malo omwe anthu amapitirako ndipo nthawi zina amakhala akumwa. Pansi pake pamunsi pali miyala yaying'ono, mchenga ndi miyala yokhala ndi miyala yozungulira. M'malo oterowo, ngakhale masamba a m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi zambiri amakhala palibe. Madziwo ndi galasi lomveka bwino, ndipo mpweya wambiri umasungunuka mkati mwake, momwe, mothandizidwa ndi dzuwa, biofilm yopanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya algae ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayamba bwino. Anakola miyala yonse ndi miyala yosanja.

Pakugwa mvula yambiri, kwakanthawi madzi amathanso kukhala amvula chifukwa chakuimitsidwa, komwe kumawoneka panthawiyi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwake. Kuthamanga ndi kuya kwa mitsinje panthawiyi kumakulanso.

Guangdong Province ndiye likulu la nsomba zokongoletsa zaku China. Mitundu ina yomwe imakhala malo okhala ngati Befortian ndipo ikugulitsidwa kuchokera ku Xi Jiang River Basin ndi Erromyzon sinensis, Liniparhomaloptera disparis, Pseudogastromyzon myersi, Sinogastromyzon wui, Vanmanenia pingchowensis ndi Rhinogobius duospilus.

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi: Malinga ndi Beaufortia leveretti palibe chidziwitso chotsimikizika, koma mu zofananira - Beaufortia kwaichowensis, amuna amakhala ndi "mapewa" - zipsepse zamtundu wa patisiti zimakula pafupifupi mbali zingapo zamthupi. Akazi, kolowera kumutu imadutsa mosavomerezeka mu zipsepse zamakutu. Zowoneka kuchokera kumwamba, zazikazi zimakhala ndi matupi akulu kuposa amphongo.

Kukula kogwirizana ndi TL: 12 cm

The madzi zikuchokera madzi: Kuwonongeka kwamadzi kwachilengedwe sikumalekeredwa bwino, komanso kuyimitsidwa pang'ono kwa makina (fumbi kuchokera pansi, mwachitsanzo). pH 6-7.5, dH 2-20.

Kutentha: Chimakhala mdera louma, lotentha, komwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikumatsika ndi 15.5 ° C ndipo kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri m'chilimwe. Amakhulupilira kuti ndi zomwe zili ndi befortium, kutentha mu aquarium ndikwabwino m'malo a 17-24 ° C. Komabe, zomwe zachitika zikuwonetsa kuti nsomba zimaloleza kutentha 25-27 ° C (kuphatikiza kuwonjezera kwambiri mpaka 30 ° C) m'malo olimba kwambiri. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwa madzi. Koma simukuyenera kuzunza nsomba, sungani kutentha osapitirira 25.

Kudya

Befortia ndi wopatsa chidwi, mwachilengedwe amadya zitsamba ndi tizilombo tating'ono. Aquarium ili ndi mitundu yonse ya chakudya chamoyo, mapiritsi, chimanga ndi algae. Palinso zakudya zachisanu zomwe zimayamwa. Kuti iye akhale wathanzi, ndibwino kudyetsa mapiritsi apamwamba kapena phala tsiku lililonse. Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuwonjezera magazi am'mimba, artemia, machubu, daphnia ndi masamba, mwachitsanzo, nkhaka kapena zukini pazakudya.

Matenda a pseudoscats

Ndi angati amisala yamoyo? Chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo chimafika zaka 8, nthawi zina - 5. Komabe, chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo chitha kuchepetsedwa ngati apatsidwa chisamaliro chosayenera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chemistry yosayenera.

Ma pseudoscats alibe mamba, motero amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, amakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwa magawo am'madzi ndi chemistry, yomwe imayenera kukumbukiridwa pochiza ma radiation abodza. Komanso, ngati chithandizo chitha kuchitika m'madzi wamba, nsomba zathanzi ziyenera kuyikidwanso nthawi ina mu thanki ina.

Nsomba zamtunduwu sizinaphunziridwe pang'ono, kotero kuyankhula za matenda omwe nsomba zimatengedwe ndizovuta kwambiri.

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi

Ngakhale ndizosatheka kudziwa kugonana, amuna amaganiziridwa kuti ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi.

Ndemanga: Kukhala wamtchire (i.e., wogwidwa mwachilengedwe), mapiri onse (okhala m'mitsinje yamapiri ndi mitsinje yofulumira), monga befortia, gastromizones, ndi sevellias, amafunikira kupitilizidwa ndikuzololedwa. Zomwe nsomba zimatha kusinthira mwachangu momwe mumadzi pambuyo pakugula zimatengera momwe zakhalira / kukula, momwe zakhala zikugwidwira komanso nthawi yayitali akukhala m'midzi yopanda malo okhala - m'malo okhala (osagwiritsika ntchito nthawi zonse), m'sitolo, pamsika ogulitsa etc. Mofulumira komanso yosavuta kuzolowera achinyamata.

Akuluakulu ndi achikulire (akulu komanso atafika pamlingo wambiri wa nsomba), mwakuthekera kwambiri, sangakhale nthawi yayitali m'malo okhala amadzimadzi. Chifukwa choti nsomba zomwe zikagwidwa sizimangokhala ndi nkhawa zambiri pakubweza, kuyenda kwakanthawi kochepa, kumakhala m'makontena osakhalitsa, zomwe sizigwirizana ndi zosowa zawo, ndi zina zambiri, mosiyana ndi "zotakasuka" zam'madzi otentha , amagwera pamikhalidwe yotsutsana ndi malo awo okhala (nkomwe aliyense sangathe kupanga mtsinje wowira m'mphepete mwa nyanja) - zotsatira zake zonse ndikuti nsomba zonse zimasiya kukula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kudalira kwambiri kuti nsomba zomwe zagulidwa, kukula kwake, zimakula mpaka kufika pa 7.5 cm kwa befortias. Nsomba zomwe zakhala zikugwidwa ndikubweretsa posachedwa ndipo sizinakhale ndi nthawi yogula mu sitolo, zina zambiri. d. nthawi yayitali, amatha kuzolowera kudya kwanthawi yayitali (mpaka miyezi iwiri), pokhutira ndi zomwe apeza pagalasi, ndi zina zambiri. ndi kunyalanyaza kwathunthu chakudya chomwe chaperekedwa.

Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kuyika chakudyacho ngati mapiritsi osungunuka pang'onopang'ono (tchipisi cha makapu am'madzi oyamwa, mwachitsanzo) m'chovala chosalala (msuzi, mbale yagalasi ...) - pamenepa, nsombayi iphunzira mwachangu kupeza chakudya ndikuizolowera mwachangu. Nsomba zomwe zidakwanitsa kukhala m'misika, etc. amatenga zovuta zochepa kwa nthawi yayitali atagula ndikuyamba kuzolowera zinthu zapakhomo (kuphatikiza chakudya) masabata 1-2, ndipo nthawi zina tsiku lotsatira azidzadya bwino. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kutali ndi malo ogulitsira onse (pamsika), ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amadziwa zochepa za zomwe zili mumsombazi (komanso ena ambiri), makamaka chifukwa choti befortia idawoneka posachedwa pogulitsa.

Pali kuthekera kwakuti ngati nsomba imakhala nthawi yambiri mgolosale, imatha zonse chifukwa choti amadyedwa ndi chilichonse, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi chakudya chotere, chomwe sangathe, kapena chochuluka ndi Anthu oyandikana nawo okhala ndi nthawi yokwanira amakhala ndi nthawi yoti adye zakudya zonse zisanachitike, chifukwa chake, atakumana ndi kupsinjika atagula ndi kusintha kwina kwa zinthu, nsomba yomwe itayamba kufooka imayamba kudwala kapena kufa. Popewa zovuta zotere, kugula kuyenera kuthandizidwa mosamala: osagula nsomba ndi zovulala zilizonse zakunja (zomwe zimakonda kupezeka mu nsomba ndiosaphunzira komanso nsomba yoyipa ndi ukonde, kapena ikhoza kukhala mabala oyambitsidwa ndi oyandikana nawo osayenera), chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pakupumira kwa nsomba , pa chikhalidwe cha zipsepse komanso chifukwa chakuti silikhala lonyansa (lothyathyathyalika ndi maso akuwirira mwamphamvu pamwamba pamlingo wa chigaza).

Nsombazo zilibe magawo, chifukwa chake zimakonda kwambiri sayansi iliyonse - izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa posankha chithandizo cha befortias, komanso ngati zakonzedwa kuti zithetsere nsomba zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi momwe zimakhalira - ngati nsomba zomwe zili ndi thanzi, ndibwino kuzisiya kwakanthawi. Ngati nsomba sizingayang'anirenso zosowa za nsomba, zimakhala ndi thanzi ndipo kukonza kwake sikungayambitse zovuta zilizonse.

M'mayiko ambiri, nthumwi yogulitsa kwambiri ya gastromyzontid banja. Pakadali pano mitundu 20 yodziwika ndikufotokozedwa mwalamulo mu mtundu wa Beaufortia, koma imodzi yokha - B. yaichowensis - ikugulitsidwa. B. leveretti (Fang, 1931) sagwidwa kuti akatumizidwe kunja ndipo sogulitsa, koma dzina lake limagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwa B. kweichowensis.

Kukhala ndi moyo wam'madzi: Palibe zambiri zokhudzana ndi Beaufortia leveretti, koma zidziwitso zochokera kumayiko akunja za nsomba zamtunduwu - Beaufortia kweichowensis akhoza kukhala mu aquarium kwa zaka 8. Mmodzi wa mamembala athu a forum yamtundu womwewo adakhala zaka zoposa zitatu.