Turaco, kapena oledzera nthochi, ofufuza ena akufuna kuphatikiza gulu limodzi ndi mbalame za nkhuku. Monga mbuzi, anapiye amtundu uliwonse amaphika nthambi, pomwe amamatirira nthambi, pomwe, atasiya zisa koma osadziwa kuuluka, amayenda mumtengowo. Akuluakulu ku Turaco ndi okongola kwambiri: utoto wowala, wabuluu, wobiriwira, malira ofiira ndi achikaso mumitundu yawo yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wobiriwira sunapangidwe mwachilengedwe, monga mbalame zina. Nthenga zapadera za utoto wokhala ndi utoto wachitsulo, zimasunga utoto wowala wa emerald, ngakhale kunyowa. Mu mbalame zina, nthenga zobiriwira "zimasanduka zofiirira ngati mbalame imanyowa kwambiri mvula. '

Turaco kapena odya nthochi (Musophagidae) - mbalame zamtundu wautali, kuyambira ma jackdaws mpaka makungubwi, alibe gawo lakugonana. Mapiko a anthu omwe amadya nthochi ndi ozungulira, ofupikirako, ndipo mchirawo ndiwotalikirapo, pamutu pa mitundu yambiri pali crest yopangidwa bwino. Mlomo wa Turaco ndi waufupi, koma wolimba, makamaka kwa ochepa, m'mphepete mwa mulomo nthawi zambiri amakhala amathandizira.

Anthu omwe amadya nthochi ndiofala ku Sahara ku Africa (sapezeka ku Madagascar), komwe amakhala ndi moyo wosasinthika. Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu 20 ya mbalame, zogwirizana mu genera 5.

Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala mbalame za Turaco

Turaco - Awa ndi mbalame za mchira wautali, zomwe ndi za banja la omwe amadya nthochi. Kukula kwawo kuli masentimita 40-70. Nthenga za nthenga zili pamutu pa mbalamezi. Iye, monga chisonyezero cha kusangalala, aimirira pamapeto pake mbalameyo ikasangalala. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 22 ya turuko. Malo awo okhala ndi nkhono ndi nkhalango zaku Africa.

Anthu okhala m'nkhalangoyi okhala ndi utoto wokhala ndi chibakuwa chowoneka bwino, chamtambo, chobiriwira komanso maula. Monga zikuwonekera chithunzi turco bwerani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Tikukudziwitsani zamitundu mitundu ya turuko. Zofiirira zazitape Imodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu ya owotcha nthochi. Kutalika kwake kumafika pa 0.5 m, ndipo mapiko ake ndi mchira wake ndi 22 cm.

Chisoti cha mbalame chokongola ichi chimakongoletsedwa ndimitundu yambiri, yofewa ya mtundu wofiira. Achichepere alibe chikhulupiriro chotere, zimawoneka ndi zaka zokha. Nthenga zina zonse ndizofiirira zakuda, ndipo gawo lakumunsi la thunthuwo ndi lobiriwira. Mapikowo ndi magazi ofiira, amtambo wakuda kumapeto.

Pachithunzichi pali mbalame yofiirira

Kuzungulira maso akhungu, maula sapezeka. Miyendo yakuda. Zizolowezi utoto wofiirira ndi gawo la Lower Guinea ndi Upper Guinea. Turaco Livingston - mbalame ya sing'anga kukula. Gulu lachifumu laku Africa limakongoletsa zipewa ndi nthenga za mtundu wanthochi.

Utoto wawo umakopedwa ndi utoto (turacin ndi turaverdin). Madzi polumikizana ndi turacin amatembenuka ofiira, ndipo pambuyo turaverdin - wobiriwira. Mbalame yabwinoyi ikagwa mvula ikawoneka yokongola kwambiri. Amayamba kutuluka nthawi ngati kuti amaridi. Turaco Livingston imakumana ku Tanzania, Zimbabwe, South Africa, ku Mozambique.

Mu chithunzi, mbalame ya Turaco Livingston

Turaco wokhazikika ngati tur Living wa Livingstone, ali ndi maula ofiira komanso obiriwira. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndi chisa chofiira. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 5. Chisa chimatha pamapeto pake mbalameyo ikakhala ndi nkhawa, yowopsa komanso yodzuka. Mbalamezi zimatenga gawo limodzi kuchokera ku Angola kupita ku Congo.

Mu chithunzicho ndi red-crested turaco

Oimira Guinean Turaco bwerani m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yakumpoto imasiyanitsidwa ndi ma monochromatic ozunguliridwa amitundu obiriwira. Malo ena onse a ku Guinean Turaco ali ndi chowongolera cha mitundu iwiri.

Pamwamba pa crestyo ndi zoyera kapena zamtambo, ndipo pansi pamakhala zobiriwira. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi pigment yachilendo - turaverdin. Zimaphatikizapo zamkuwa. Chifukwa chake, maula awo amaponyedwa ndikuwala kwazitsulo. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu ndi masentimita 42. Mbalame zimakhala kuchokera ku Senegal kupita ku Zaire ndi Tanzania.

Wojambula Guinean Turaco

Turaco Hartlauba kapena Blue-crested Turaco - mbalame yayitali-yayitali. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 40-45 cm, kulemera kwa 200-300 g. Utoto uli ndi mitundu yofiirira komanso yobiriwira. Chofiyira - makamaka pa nthenga. Mitundu ina yomwe ilipo mu zowonjezera za omwe amawoneka obiriwira amatsuka ndi madzi. Monga malo awo okhala, amasankha mapiri ataliatali pamtunda wa 1500-3200 m, minda yamatawuni ku East Africa.

Mu chithunzi cha turco hartlaub

Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha mbalame ya turaco

Zonse Mbalame za ku Turaco khalani moyo wokhalitsa pamitengo yayitali. Izi ndi mbalame zokongola zobisalira. Ziweto zimakhala ndi anthu 12-15, koma osati zonse zimawuluka nthawi imodzi, koma chimodzi pambuyo pa chimzake, ngati ma scout. Amanyamula ndege zawo kuchoka pamtengo kupita pamtengo mwakachetechete. Tapeza tchire ndi zipatso, mbalame zamanyazi izi sizikhala motalikirapo, koma zimangoyendera pafupipafupi.

Blue Spin Turaco yesani kubwerera kumtengo waukulu posachedwa, komwe amakhala otetezeka. Ndipamene amakhala otetezeka kuti kufuula kwawo kumveka ponseponse m'chigawo. Akalumikizidwa pamodzi, "mbalame zabwino'zi" zimalumphira mapiko awo ndikuthamangitsana.

Mu chithunzichi, burco-wokhala ndi buluu

Mbalame za ku Turaco zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Malo awo okhala amathanso kukhala mapiri, zigwa, malo obisika komanso nkhalango zotentha. Dera lokhalidwa ndi mabanja a Turaco kuyambira 4 ha mpaka 2 km2, zonse zimatengera kukula kwa mbalamezo. Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezi zimatsikira pansi, pokhapokha pangozi.

Amatha kuwoneka pansi pokhapokha ngati mumasamba fumbi kapena kuthirira. Amakhala nthawi yonseyi kubisala m'nthambi za mitengo. Mbalamezi zimawuluka bwino ndikukwawa kudutsa mitengo. Turaco, monga mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwezi zimapulumuka mosavuta ali mu ukapolo. Amakhala osasamala chakudya ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino.

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Odyera Banana amadya makamaka zipatso, zipatso, masamba, mphukira zazing'ono, zipatso (ngakhale zapoizoni zomwe mbalame sizimadya!). Koma nthochi, mosiyana ndi dzina lawo, mbalamezi sizidya. Amakhala pamitengo yosiyanasiyana: m'mapiri ndi m'zipululu, m'nkhalango zotentha komanso m'matanthwe. Turaco mochenjera komanso mwachangu ndikusuntha mumiyala ya mitengo, osakonda kupita pansi. Amabisala mwaluso pakati pa masamba, ndi kuzizira m'malo akaona kuti awona. Komabe, ma turuko onse ndi akulu kwambiri, ndipo mokweza mawu nthawi zambiri amapereka malo awo okhala.

Kuswana

Odyera nthochi - monogamous. Panthawi yobereketsa, amakonza mitengoyo mosabisa, yopangidwa mosamala kuchokera ku zisa zazing'ono zomwe zimafanana ndi nkhunda. Mu clutch pali mazira awiri oyera. Chingwe chimaswa maliseche, koma, mosiyana ndi anapiye enieni a cockoo, posachedwa amaphimbidwa mu zovala. Chovala ichi chimasungidwa anapiye nthawi yayitali - koposa masiku 50. Kukula kwa anapiye kumayenda pang'onopang'ono: makulitsidwe amatenga milungu itatu, ndipo milungu ina 6 imadutsa kuchokera nthawi yomwe amayamba kutulutsa anapiye mpaka pomwe amachoka chisa (osadziwa momwe angawulire). Pa chala chachiwiri cha mapikowo, anapiye a anthu omwe amadya nthochi amakhala ndi bulangete wopukula bwino, mothandizidwa ndi iwo mosavuta komanso mwachangu kukwera mitengo. Pakangotha ​​sabata limodzi, anapiyewo amayamba kuchoka pa nthambi kupita ku nthambi.

Kufotokozera kwa mbalame yomwe imadya nthochi

Zambiri mwa turuko - iyi ndi banchie yayikulu, komwe ndi mbalame yaying'ono yolimba yomwe thupi lake limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 70. Zimawuluka kwambiri, koma chifukwa cha miyendo yawo yolimba, imalumpha bwino.

Ku Africa, mbalame zotere zimakhala ndi mitundu yoposa makumi awiri. Anthu onse ali ndi mtundu wapadera, womwe suwasiya aliyense kuti akhale wopanda chidwi.

Mtundu wa nthenga umasiyana kwambiri komanso utoto wamitundu yonse.zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalame zizioneka ngati zilembo za fairytale. Chowala kwambiri ndikuwala komwe kuwululidwa ndikuwala kwa dzuwa, kenako mbalameyo imakhala yachilendo kwambiri, nthenga zake zimawala ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali.

China chilichonse chimakhala ndi mchira wa kukongola kodabwitsa, komwe mu mawonekedwe otayirira sikoyipa kuposa pikoko. Izi sizongokhala mchira chabe, ndimtundu wokulirapo, wowala komanso wokongola, kuchokera komwe sikungatheke kuyang'ana kutali. Wotsamira amaterera pamwamba pa chakudya cha nthochi. Mapikowo ndi afupi, ozungulira.

Turaco ndi mbalame yokongola modabwitsa. Zowonjezereka, sizimasiyana kunja konse, kutengera mtundu. Kukhazikika kwa mbalamezi - Monga lamulo, steppes, nkhalango ndi ma savannah, koma kulikonse komwe Turako amakhala, amafunikira mitengo. Awa ndimalo omwe amakonda turuko. Odyera nthochi sadziwa kupotoza chisa; amakhala alibe kuti chimapangidwa, sicholondola. Mwanjira zina, amafanana ndi nkhunda - lathyathyathya, chisokonezo. Koma ndi kunja koteroko, Drawback imodzi ikhoza kukhululukidwa kwathunthu.

Wamkazi mmodzi amaikira mazira awiri nthawi. Chingwe chimaswa maliseche ndipo pakapita kanthawi, khungu lawo limakhala lophimbidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi masiku 50. Chingwe chimakula pang'onopang'ono:

• mazira kuwola kwa masabata 3-4,
• kuyambira pomwe amakoloweka mwana wa anawo, kufikira atachoka pachisa, patatha masiku 40,

Anapiye osachedwa kudyeka. Koma chifukwa chotengera mapiko awo, pomwe zikhadabo zili, zimakwera mokongola komanso modabwitsa mosadukiza m'nthambi za mitengo. Ndipo patatha sabata limodzi amachoka chisa chawo ndikuyesera kuphunzira kuuluka mtunda wautali.

Akuluakulu ku Turaco ndi achangu kwambiri, amadumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita ku nthambi mosalakwitsa kwambiri kwakuti nthawi zina imatha. M'malo achilengedwe, anthu omwe amadya nthochi amakhala omasuka ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Popanda kuyenda, amatha kuwoneka ndi chakudya. Ndipo, osatero. Monga lamulo, wakudya nthochi, amatenga mabulosi, nthawi yomweyo amalumphira kunthambi kapena mtengo wina. Turoko alengeza za kukhalapo kwawo ndi kufuula kokulira. Ino si nyimbo yofikira usiku, ndichisangalalo chankhanza komanso chamwano. Odyera Banana ndi amisala oyimba, nyimbo zokhala ndi nyimbo kapena nyimbo zoyimba kuchokera kwa inu simungamve.

Maziko a chakudya cha turco - ndiwo zamasamba: mphukira yamtengo, zipatso ndi zipatso. Ngakhale dzina lake, omwe amadya nthochi sakonda nthochi. Sizikudziwika chifukwa chomwe adatchulidwira motere, koma sichoncho chifukwa cha kuzolowera zinthu zaku thupi.

Pazonse, pali mitundu 14 ya akudya a nthochi. Kenako, tikambirana mwachidule ena a iwo.

Turaco wokhala ndi nkhope yoyera

Zokongoletsa za banja lomwe limadya-nthochi ndi turuko loyera. Iyi ndi mbalame yaying'ono, koma mtundu wake imangokhala wodabwitsa. M'maso ndi m'masaya a mbalameyo pali nthenga zoyera, pomwe nthenga zazikulu ndizowoneka bwino. Mchira wa mbalame umakongoletsedwanso ndi zoyera. Khungu pamutu wa turuko lili ndi mafunde amtambo wamadzi. Anali khola lomwe adapatsa mbalameyi dzina lachiwiri - creststst. Kunja, mkazi samasiyana wamwamuna.

A White-nkhope a Turaco amakhala ku East Africa.

Nthawi yochezera imayamba mu Epulo ndipo imatha mu Julayi. Nthawi yakukhwima, yamphongo imafuulira mkaziyo mokweza kwambiri ndipo kulira kwake kumveka m'nkhalango yonse.

Chisa chosasinthika, chosasunthika cha turuko chimamangidwa pamitengo kuchokera panthambi. Chidacho ndi lathyathyathya, ndi chocheperako momwe mazira amapezekera, ndipo pambuyo pake anapiye.

Pa mating oledzera nthochi amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri, kenako mabanja amapangidwa kuchokera awiriawiri, omwe amakhala ochulukirapo. Mbalame zimangoyendayenda, kumangoyimitsa kapena kupuma. Turako ndi wamanyazi kwambiri, motero kupeza mabulosi kapena chipatso cha mtengo wazipatso, mbalameyo, ikutola chakudya, nthawi yomweyo imabisala pamwamba pamtengo. Turaco ikhoza kusewera ndi wina ndi mnzake, kunyamula ndikuwombera mapiko awo.

Wodya-nthochi amawuluka ndi mapiko apafupi, pambuyo pake amawatambasulira ndikugwetsa pansi kenako ndikuwatseguliranso mapiko ake.

Chifukwa chosowa michere, anthu omwe amadya nthochi amatha kuthandizanso kudya ndi tizilombo komanso mbewu.

Turaco wopangidwa ndi buluu

Izi bananoe ndi sing'anga kukula. Kutalika kwa thupi kumachokera masentimita 40 mpaka 45, kulemera kwa mbalame sikupitirira magalamu mazana atatu. Zowonjezera zazikulu ndizobiriwira. Wowoneka pa chisotiyo ndi wamtambo. Mtunduwu ndiwoperewera.

Monga momwe zimadyera nthochi zina, anapiye obadwa ndi mabuluu amabadwa ali ndi dazi ndipo amakutidwa ndi fluff wakuda mwezi umodzi ndi theka.

Iyi ndi mbalame yokhazikika yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri ikakhala pamtengo. Ngati mbalameyo ili pachiwopsezo, imabisala m'nkhalango zamitengo, kwinaku ikugwiritsa ntchito bulawu pamapiko.

Munthu wakudya nthochi yemwe ndi wokongola kwambiri amakonda kudya:

Turaco wokhazikika

Uyu ndiye woimira mtundu womwe ali ndi nthenga wobiriwira komanso ofiira. Thupi la mbalameyo sapitilira masentimita 40 kutalika. Khadi loyendera la turako uyu ndi loyimba pamwamba pamutu, lomwe lili ndi mthunzi wofiira kwambiri wa cholembera. Zala za mbalame zimayenda mbali zonse. Chachikazi sichosiyana ndi chachimuna.

Nthenga zazikulu ndizobiriwira komanso zamtambo, mapiko a utoto wamtambo. Chifukwa cha utoto uwu, mbalameyo imadzilimbitsa pamwamba pa mtengo ndikuwoneka.

Makolo onse awiriwa amatenga nawo gawo pa dzira.. Amasamaliranso thanzi la anapiyewo limodzi.

Wodya nthochi wofiira kwambiri amakhala pamitengo yokha. Mbalameyi imadyera makamaka tizilombo ndi zipatso.

Turaco imakhala m'mabanja a anthu makumi atatu kapena kupitilira apo, koma nthawi yakukhwima imagawika pawiri ndipo amasamalira omwe akukhala ndi moyo.

Chakudya cha Turaco

Turaco ndi ya banja la omwe amadya nthochi, ngakhale kuti mbalamezi sizidya nthochi. Amadyetsa achinyamata mphukira ndi masamba a zomera zotentha, zipatso zosakanikirana ndi zipatso. Chosangalatsa chakuti angapo mitundu yama turco Idyani zipatso zakupha zomwe sizimadyedwa ndi nyama kapena mbalame zina.

Amatula zipatso zamitengo ndi zitsamba, ndikukhazikitsa ziziwala kumaso ndi mbalezi. Mwapadera, turuko amatha kudya tizilombo, mbewu, komanso zina zing'onozing'ono. Kuti adye zipatso zazikulu, mbalameyi imagwiritsa ntchito mlomo wake wakuthwa ndi milomo yoluka. Chifukwa cha mulomo wake wakuthwa, imaphwasula zitsamba ndikuchotsa chigamba kuti chigawikidwenso chidutswa.

Akuluakulu Turaco

Mbidzi wamkulu wakudya nthochi amawoneka wokongola kwambiri. Mumapulamu mumakhala mitundu yowala kwambiri: yofiira, chikaso, buluu, zobiriwira zowala, violet, pinki ndi zina. Komanso, mtundu wobiriwira wa nthenga umaperekedwa kwa mbalame mwachilengedwe. Odyera Banana amapeza emerald hue pakapita nthawi. Amagawana mitengo yomwe ili ndi mtundu wapadera. Ngati munthu wamkulu wakudya nthochi wagwa pansi mvula yambiri, ndiye kuti "zovala" zake zimakhala zopanda mphamvu komanso zosavomerezeka.

Mbalame yochokera ku banja lomwe limadya nthochi imakhala ndi mchira wautali ndi mutu kumutu. Mlomo wa turuko ndi waufupi kwambiri, koma wokhalitsa komanso wamkulu. Amatha kukhala m'nkhalango zotentha komanso m'mapiri, komanso m'mapiri ndi m'matanthwe. Wosadzikuza kwathunthu komanso wosankhika. Sangathe kutsika pansi kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera pamtengo. Amabisala mwaluso kwambiri kumeneko, amaundana, osapanga mawu. Ngakhale, kwenikweni, turaco ndi mbalame zaphokoso kwambiri, zaphokoso komanso zaphokoso.

Banja

Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa mbalame yamphongo yaimuna ndi wamkazi. Kugonana kwa dimorphism kulibe kwathunthu. Amayi ndi abambo amagwirira ntchito limodzi kumanga zisafa "zosasamalika," "njiwa". Nazale yamtsogolo ikufanana ndi nsanja, yobisika munthambi. Monga lamulo, chachikazi chimayikira mazira awiri amitundu yoyera. Chingwe chimaswa maliseche kwathunthu. Alibe mtundu wowala pano. Amakumbukira pang'ono mawere a nkhakao, pokhapokha masiku angapo ataphimbidwa ndi khungu pansi, mosiyana ndi ena. Chovala chakuda chidzakhala pamaphukusi kwa nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.

Kukula kwa mluza, ndipo pomwepo mwana wankhuku, ndi wodekha. Makulitsidwe ali ngati masiku 20. Pambuyo pa milungu 6yo anapiye ayamba kuyesa kuchoka chisa. Komanso, mbalame yaying'ono yodya nthochi sidziwa kuuluka. Pa mapiko pamakhala malo ocheperako omwe ma turuko amasuntha pamitengo. Chingwe sichimawuluka, koma kukwera.

Kutalika kwa moyo ndi nyengo yakubereketsa

Chiwonetsero cha chikondi ndi ntchito za anthu omwe amadya nthochi chikugwa kuyambira pa Epulo mpaka Julayi. Ndikusintha kwa kutentha komwe mbalame zimasaka kuti zipeze mnzake. Amuna amalira mokweza kwambiri, ndikuitanira zazikazi.Atapeza theka lachiwiri, mbalame yomwe imadya nthochi imasiyanitsidwa ndi ziwalo zina. Opuma awiri, kubisala chisa m'nthambi zambiri pamwamba. Kuti mutetezeke, amasankhidwa kutalika kwa 3 mpaka 5.5 mamita. makolo ali ndi udindo waukulu wolera ana awo. Amayang'anitsitsa momwe anapiye amalumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi. Ndipo mpaka masabata 10 amadyetsa ana awo.

Ndizosadabwitsa kuti oledzera nthochi amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 15-17. Moyo wawo umayenda mosangalatsa. Amaswa mazira kwa nthawi yayitali. Anapiye awo ndi osathandiza kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi yaunyamata imakhalanso ndi nyengo yabwino. Pakati pa mbalame, amadziwika kuti ndi a zaka zana.

Kukula m'badwo

Turaco yakula mosadukiza kudzera pamitengo ngati agologolo. Umu ndi malo okhala mbalame zodya nthochi. Sakonda kusiya nthambi zawo zosokonekera, amakonda kukhala ndi nthawi yosunthika komanso mwamphamvu potetezedwa ndi masamba. Mbadwo wachichepere wa oledzera nthochi amangoyima kuti ungoluma. Ndipo ngakhale izo zimatenga masekondi angapo. Amagwira chipatso pamtengo umodzi, nthawi yomweyo ndikulumphira kwina. Maso amunthu sangayang'anire momwe akuyendera mwachangu.

Kafotokozedwe ka mbalame yakudya nthochi sikhala wopanda tanthauzo ngati simulankhula za kulira komwe kumamveka kawirikawiri m'mvula yamvula. Liwu la Turaco lomwe likukula ndilokulira, lofuula, lakuthwa ndi kuboola. Sitha kutchedwa kuti nyimbo mwanjira iliyonse. Tsoka ilo, mbalame izi sizikhala ndi luso lotulutsa mawu.

Fuulani

Ngati chakudya chapezeka m'gulu, ndiye kuti mbalame yamanyazi siyikhala pachisamba ndi mabulosi kwa nthawi yayitali. Wodya-nthochi amangopita ku chipinda chodyera chomwe apezacho. M'malo otetezeka kwambiri, mbalamezo zimamva pamitengo yayitali. Ndipo kuchokera kumeneko komwe kumveka mawu akulu mchigawo chonse. Chithunzicho, mbalame yodya nthochi imawuluka. Akufuna kulowa mwachangu mdera lotetezeka, chifukwa pamwamba, pakatikati pa korona wowona, mutha kuthamangitsa wina ndi mzake, kukulani mapiko anu ndikufuula.