M'mitsinje yomwe madzi amayenda pang'onopang'ono pakati pa nkhalango, mitundu yambiri yachilengedwe imakhala, masamba, masamba, nthambi, zipatso, nthawi zina, ikadzaza madzi, imadzaza madzi ndi ma tannins (makamaka ma tannins), omwe amawupatsa tiyi mthunzi wakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe ka madzi ka hydrochemical kamasinthidwanso kumka pH ndi dGH. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito masamba mu malo am'madzi kumatha kubweretsa zomwe zimamangidwa pafupi ndi zomwe zimapezeka m'chilengedwe. Masamba amagwiritsanso ntchito ngati chowonjezerapo komanso chachilengedwe pakupanga kwamadzimadzi, gwero la chakudya cha shrimp ndi nsomba zina.

M'nkhani imodzi yomwe tidasindikiza poyambilira, tidakhudza kale pamutuwu, pomwe tidayesa kugwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi makungwa a mtengo wa amondi a ku India. Ndizabwino kwa aliyense, koma ali ndi vuto lalikulu - iwo samakula ku Europe ndi mayiko a CIS, kotero muyenera kuwagula m'masitolo a zifuyo kapena pa intaneti, popeza pali zopatsa zochulukirapo.

Zomwe masamba sioyenera kutolera:

Panjira zapafupi, misewu yaulere, zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pamitengo yamatawuni. Ngati mukukhala mumzinda, ndi nthawi yabwino kupita kumidzi.
Pafupi ndi minda yaulimi, yomwe mbewu zake zimagwiridwa ndi feteleza osiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala ena.
Zowonongeka komanso zopunduka, mawonekedwe amtunduwu amatha kuwonetsa matenda amtundu komanso kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo.
Nyengo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mchaka. Mu aquarium, adzagwa mwachangu popanda kukhala ndi chidwi kapena, choipitsitsa, adzaipitsa madzi.

Masamba amawuma pamtunda wofunda powayala pa thireyi ndikuphimba ndi nsalu yopyapyala. Njira yodziwika yopukutira pakati pamasamba a mabuku pamenepa sioyenera, masamba amatha kuyamwa inki.

Ndiye kuti masamba owuma aja amira, amawunyowa asanaikidwe mu aquarium. Njira ina ndikutsanulira madzi otentha, masamba otere amatha kusowetsa madzi pang'ono.

Zhenya Podsypalnikov alemba:

"Mafuta amachokera kumadzi ndi ma organic acid, omwe amayamba kutengeka kwambiri ndi bakiteriya, samaphatikizira kuphulika kwa algae (nthawi zina amawaletsa), amapezeka mu nsomba m'malo osungira zachilengedwe.

Kuyambira kuyambira kumayiko osayandikira-ndale ndikupitanso patsogolo, kumbali ya acidic, CN imatsikanso: СО2 imamasulidwa. Kupaka madzi m'madzi sichimachitika.

Kukonzekera kwa Tingafinye: Zinthu zopanda pake (BAR OAK) zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala (otsika mtengo) kapena kutolera palokha. Chonde, mukasonkhanitsa, zindikirani kuti makungwa omwe ali ndi kukula kwa mbewa kapena nyemba sizigwera mumdengu. Yesani kusankha "chapakati" bark: osati yakale komanso yatsopano, koma mulimonse - yayikulu, yakuda, yokhotakhota.
Makungwa safunikira kukonzekera ndipo amatha kumangidwa pompano: theka la madzi ndi supuni zisanu za khungwa losweka limabweretsedwa chithupsa ndikuphika kwa mphindi 15 pamoto wochepa, wokutidwa.
Pambuyo pa kuti ululuwo utakhazikika wokha, umasefedwa ndi mpango wina.
Tsopano - khalani akugwiritsa ntchito ndende.
Lamulo: kuchotsera komaliza kumawoneka wachikasu (osati bulauni) mugalasi.
Ngati mtundu wa var udakali wamdima - ndikofunikira kumuthira ndi madzi owiritsa, kutsatira lamulo pamwambapa.

GAWO 1 "Kukhazikitsa chikhumbo" - machitidwe osavuta a pH ndi KN:
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Supuni amatengedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimakhudza. Pafupifupi, supuni pa ndowa yamadzi imatsitsa pH ndi 0,3 - 0,5, ndi KN - mwa 2 dKH.
M'mawa uliwonse, ndi fayilo ikuyenda, kutsanulira supuni ziwiri pa malita zana a madzi amadzimadzi. Madzulo - miyeso ya pH ndi KH imatengedwa ndikufanizidwa ndi chilakolako.
Chenjezo: osagwiritsanso ntchito pakubwera KH 3 dKH, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa gawo ngati dontho la pH nthawi yomweyo likukwera kuposa 0.2. Osamachepetsa pH pansipa 5.5 konse!

GAWO Lachiwiri "Cholinga Chothandizira" - ntchito yosinthira kosunthika kuti ukhalebe wozunzika
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Pambuyo pa siphon, madzi atsopano amawonjezeredwa, amakongoletsedwa ndi gawo kuchokera pakuwerengera kwapakati: supuni pa ndowa.
Komabe, mlingo umatha kusinthidwa ngati madzi omwe ali mumtsuko pambuyo poti atulutsidwe sakufikira kapena kupitirira kufunitsitsa.
Chenjezo: osagwiritsanso ntchito pakubwera KH 3 dKH, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa gawo ngati dontho la pH nthawi yomweyo likukwera kuposa 0.2. Osamatsitsa pH yanu mpaka ochepera 5.5! "

Momwe mungabzala mbewu mu chigwa cha aquarium?

Musanabzale, chomera chilichonse chimayenera kutsukidwa ndi mtundu wa nyemba zoyipa zomwe zimapangidwira, ndi nkhokwe za nkhono. Chotsani malo owonongeka. Kenako iyenera kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa pafupifupi mphindi 20 mu njira ya pinki (yofiyira) ya potaziyamu.

Kuti tifulumizire kukula, mizu imatha kudulira pang'ono. Kenako ndikofunikira kuti mudzazitse aquarium ndi dothi losambitsidwa kuti lisapitirire 10 cm ndikudzaza ndi madzi (5 - 10 cm). Ikani mbewu mu aquarium muyenera kuyamba kuchokera kukhoma lakumbuyo. Kumbuyo kuli mbewu zazitali kwambiri. Monga lamulo, mbali yakumayang'ana imasiyidwa yaulere kapena mitundu ya mbewu yomwe yatsala yaying'ono kapena yopanga chophimba chamizimba imagawidwa pamenepo.

Mukabzala, mizu iyenera kuyikidwa mbali yawo kuti ikule. Chifukwa chake, mu cryptocorins ndi wallysneria, mizu imakhazikika pansi, ndipo mu aponoheton ndi echinodorus, mizu imatsikira masentimita ochepa chabe ndipo nthawi zambiri imafalikira molimba.

Kuti muike mizu pansi ndi dothi, muyenera kupanga dzenje mwakuya ndikuyika chomera momwemo kuti chimangogwera pansi pa khosi la muzu, koma muzu wowongoka. Kenako, mutatenga dothi mopepuka, kokerani chomera mosamala kuti khosi la muzu liwonekere. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale nthambi zoonda kwambiri zamizu zizikhala pansi.

Chovuta cholakwika chomwe akatswiri ambiri am'madzi akamabzala mbewu m'madzimo: mizu sayenera kugwada (a), koma kwathunthu, ndi njira zawo zonse, ziyenera kupezeka mwachindunji pansi (b). Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndikupanga dzenje lakuya, dzalani chomera pamenepo, kenako ndikukoka pang'ono.

Mukabzala mbewu zokhala ndi mizu yolimba moyenera, muyenera kupanga dzenjelo osati lakuya kwambiri, ikani mizu ndi fanayo kenako ndikuwaza ndi dothi.

Zomera zouluka ziyenera kubzalidwa m'magulu a zidutswa za 4-6, monga tchire, apo ayi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasangalatsa. Koma nthawi yomweyo, mtunda pakati pa aliyense wa iwo uzikhala pafupifupi masentimita 1-2 (izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa kabomb).

Zomera zomwe sizikula kukula ndikukula nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwe m'magulu.

Zomera zokhala ndi ma Rhizomes okhala ndi tinthu tating'ono, monga cocus, ziyenera kubzalidwa pamalo otsetsereka kuti malo omwe amawombera asatuluke pansi.

Zomera zoyenda m'madzi zomwe zimayandama m'madzi ndikulandila chakudya kuchokera kumadzi kudzera mwa ziwalo zapadera pam masamba awo zimabzalidwa pansi ndikudula, popanda mizu. Musanabzale, ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba kuchokera pamizere iwiri ya tsinde. Miyala yolimba imathandizira kuti mbewu zisamayandikire mpaka izika mizu.

Zomera zomwe zimalandira chakudya kuchokera m'nthaka mothandizidwa ndi mizu, komanso zomera zomwe, ngakhale zimavuta "kugwira ntchito ndi mizu, zimafunikirabe michere (mwachitsanzo: aponogetone, echinodorus, cryptocoryne) . Mbale izi zitha kudzazidwa ndi zosakaniza zadothi, zomwe zimakhala magawo awiri mwa atatu a dongo ndi aquarium peat. Zosakaniza zapadera zakumadzi zam'madzi zikugulitsidwa. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kuti azigwiritsa ntchito matope osakanikirana a maluwa am'madzi. Pofuna kuti zisawononge kapangidwe kake ka m'madzi momwe zimapangidwira ma mbale ataliitali ndi miphika yotuluka pansi, nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi miyala.

Kubzala mbewu m'miphika kumalimbikitsidwanso kuti mugwiritse ntchito m'madzi am'madzi, momwe nsomba zokumba pansi, mwachitsanzo ma cichlids, zimaganiziridwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zimapezeka mumiphika zili ndi mwayi kuti mukatsuka dothi lapansi, zombozo zimatha kuchotsedwa mu aquarium ndikuzibwezanso popanda kuwononga mizu.

Bzala kachulukidwe mu aquarium Zomera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera kukula kwa mtundu uliwonse payekhapayekha komanso pa kukula kwake. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu monga Cryptocoryne Griffith (C. griffithi), Cryptocoryne ciliate (C. ciliata) kapena Cryptocoryne Beckett (C. beckettii) mtunda pakati pawo, motsatana, uyenera kukhala osachepera 15. Ndipo aponoheton ndi echinodorus, mtunda pakati pa zoyerekeza zazing'ono uyenera kukhala kuyambira 8 mpaka 10 cm, komanso pakati pazomera zazikulu kuyambira 15 mpaka 30 cm. masamba ambiri (mwachitsanzo, mumitundu ina ya apogonetone pali masamba 20-40), ndipo amafunikira malo aufulu ochulukirapo kuchokera kumbali zonse (!).

Nthawi yoyenera kubzala mbewu ndi masika. Zoyerekezera zazing'ono zimaperekedwa, monga lamulo, kuchokera ku malo osungira masamba, pomwe mbewu amazolowera kusintha kolondola kwa nyengo. Pakadali pano, amathetsa matalala (Novembara - Januware) ndipo amayamba kutulutsa mphukira zatsopano.

Zakudya Zofunikira pa Zomera Zam'madzi

Zomera zamadzi zimamwa michere yofunika pamasamba ndi mizu yake. Pali zinthu zitatu zazikulu zomwe mbewu zimafunikira zochuluka: nayitrogeni, phosphate ndi potaziyamu. Mu aquarium, nayitrogeni ndi ma phosphates amaperekedwa m'malo ochulukirapo momwe nsomba zimatulutsira, chakudya chosawoneka, masamba akufa a masamba ndipo nthawi zambiri safuna kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Komabe, potaziyamu ndiyosowa kwambiri ndipo pachifukwa ichi iyenera kuikiridwanso. Palinso michere ina yomwe mbewu zimafunikira. Ngakhale kuti chitsulo ndi zinthu zina zofunikira zimangofunika zochepa zochepa, kuchepa kwawo kungapangitse kuwonongeka kwa kukula kwa mbewu: kuyera kapena kutulutsa masamba, mbewu zimakhala zochepa komanso zofooka.

Kuchotsa Zakudya Zokwanira

Zochulukirapo monga nitrogen ndi phosphates sizingatengeke ndi mbewu ndikungokhala m'madzi. Zomera zosiyanasiyana zimazigwiritsa ntchito ndikuyamba kufalikira mu aquarium. Kuti tipewe kukula kwa mavuto a algal, ndikofunikira kuchotsa michere yambiri. Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndikusintha madzi mu aquarium. Kuyambitsa michere yofunika mukachotsa mankhwala ochulukirapo ndizofunikira kuti muthe kupanga manyowa m'zomera.

Kufalikira kwa zomera zam'madzi

Zomera mu aquarium zichulukitsa, monga lamulo, m'njira yopanga zipatso: kudula, njira, ana, komanso kugawa chomera. Njira zake zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera chokha pokhapokha mizu yokwanira. Zicheka zitha kupezeka polekanitsa nthambi kapena kufupikitsa tsinde lalikulu. Mitundu ina ya mbewu imapanga mizu popanda kubzala pansi. Zitha kukhazikika pansi ndikudikirira mpaka muzu. Chigawo chomera chimalimbikitsidwanso mchaka. Akatswiri ambiri am'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito izi njira zachilengedwe zolerera, popeza amagwira ntchito pafupifupi zomera zonse zam'madzi ndipo sizovuta kwenikweni.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya kufalikira kwa mbewu: mbewu ndi masamba. Kuchulukitsa zamasamba kumatha kuchitika mwanjira zosiyanasiyana, monga momwe tawonera.
a) Zomera zokhala ndi phesi loongoka, kuti mupeze phesi, mutha kudula gawo lomwe lili pakati pa malo awiri,
b) mbewuyo imamera ndi mbewu za mwana wamkazi. Pakapita kanthawi, mutha kudula "umbilical chingwe", chomwe chimamangiriza iwo kukhala kwa chomera, ndikupeza mtundu wodziimira pawokha,
c) Pa tsamba la masamba a mbewu zina zoyandama, m'chifanizo, mapiko ooneka ngati mapiko kapena kabichi yamadzi (Ceratopteris pteridoides), makamaka m'mphepete mwake, mbewu za ana aakazi zimapangidwa. Pakapita kanthawi, amadzasiyana ndi chomeracho ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha pamadzi..

Zofunika Pomanga Zomera

Nthawi zambiri akatswiri azam'madzi amazengereza kubzala mbewu zokongola komanso zazikulu. Monga lamulo, zokumana nazo zolephera zam'mbuyomu ndizomwe ziyenera kutsutsidwa. Koma ndikukhazikitsa aquarium yatsopano, simungayese bwanji kubzala mbewu pomwe aquarium yopanda nsomba. Nthawi yomweyo, kumayambiriro, m'masabata oyambilira mutabzala mu aquarium, mbewu zimalekeredwa bwino ndipo sizimakula. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zopanda michere kapena magawo amadzi samakhala oyenera (ndizotheka kuti sanakhalebe oyenera). Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ndikuyesa chilichonse. Pokhapokha ngati mbewu sizikukula pansi pa magawo amadzi abwinobwino, kuyatsa kofunikira, kuchuluka kokwanira kwa CO₂, titha kuganiza kuti akudwala.

Zomera zambiri zam'madzi zimalandira chakudya kudzera masamba, koma si onse. Chifukwa chake, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti sizomera zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu kuti zikhale zolimba m'nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu zokhala ndi mizu yolimba (Amazonia echinodorus (Echinodorus amazonicus), Thai krinum (Crinum thaianum), mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya apono-ketones (Aponogeton) ndi maluwa amadzimadzi (Nymphaea)) imakula bwino ngati zowonjezera za dothi zikuwonjezeredwa panthaka. Zowonjezera zoterezi zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera. Zosakaniza zapadziko lapansi za maluwa siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, popeza zimachulukana ndi feteleza. Kuchulukitsa kwa feteleza kwa mbewu za m'madzimo kumangoopsa monga kupanda kwawo. Ngati nsomba zambirimbiri zimakhala m'madzimo, ndiye kuti zinthu zomwe zili zomalizira zomaliza - nitrate - zopangidwa chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa nayitrogeni - zimakula kwambiri kotero kuti mbewu sizingathenso kuzikwanira. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusinthira madzi mwadongosolo, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa mulingo wa feteleza wosungunuka m'madzi. Asanasinthe madzi m'madzi, ndikofunikira kusiya kuthira mbewu feteleza kwa kanthawi.

Dziwe m'malo okwezeka a Sri Lanka. Pamwamba pamadzi mutha kuzindikira malo okuya a Indian Limnophila (Limnophila indica), ndipo kutsogolo kwa Alocasia kuli lalikulu-rhizome (Alocasia macrorrhiza).

M'madzi okhala ndi zida zosakwanira bwino, madera amadzi okhala ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana amatha kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kupewa kuyenda kwamadzi ambiri, chifukwa kumatha kusinthitsa mpweya woipa womwe ungabweretse, malo osiyanasiyana otentha amatha kupanga ngodya ya aquarium momwe chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zotenthetsera zimapereka kutentha. Kuchuluka kwa mbewu sikumakonda kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi kutentha.

At kusunga zomera mu chinyama Kutentha kungafunike. Mwachilengedwe, pansi pa malo otentha satha kuzizira, motero siziyenera kukhala choncho m'madzi.

Mukamasunga zomwe zimatchedwa "mbewu za tuber", gawo limodzi liyenera kudziwidwa, mosiyana ndi ena obiriwira okhala m'madzimo, amafunikira nthawi yopuma. Mkhalidwe wachilengedwe wachilengedwe wa mbewuzi siwokhazikika monga momwe timaganizira nthawi zambiri. Kumauma ndi kusefukira kumaloyikirana wina ndi mzake, usiku ozizira amabwera masiku otentha. Nthawi yamvula, magawo amadzi amasintha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zotere sizilekerera kutentha kwamadzi kosalekeza. Nthawi ndi nthawi amafunika kupuma. Zomera zokha zikunena izi, nthawi imeneyi ikadzayamba, zipatso zake zobiriwira zidzayamba. Kuti chofunikira chazomera zotere (mitundu mitundu ya apogonetone) kuti zifanane ndi kuzungulira kwachilengedwe, ziyenera kubzalidwa m'miphika kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe. Pakukhala kwawo m'madzi, miphika iyi yomwe ili ndi mbeu imayikidwa m'nthaka, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotentha imachotsedwa.Pakadali pano, miphika yachikhalidwe imayikidwa mbale yosalala kuti ma tubers ndi ma sentimita ochepa okha ophimbidwa ndi madzi. Kutentha kwamadzi kumatsitsidwa mpaka kufika pa 15 ° C. Zomera zake zimafa nthawi imeneyi. Mwanjira imeneyi, kunja kwa malo am'madzi, tubers tiyenera kusungidwa kwa miyezi iwiri mpaka inayi. Kenako mphika wokhala ndi chikhalidwecho uyeneranso kuyikidwanso mu dothi la aquarium.

Mtsinje kumwera kwa Sri Lanka: Aponogeton rigidifolius amafalitsa mapiko ake pansi pamadzi abata. Kumbuyo kuli gulu la oval la Lagenandra (Lagenandra ovata).

Kodi zitsamba ndi chiyani

Chitsamba cham'madzi ndi chotengera chamadzi chodzaza ndi algae ndi zomera za hydrophilic. Zikhalidwe zam'madzi momwe zimakhazikikamo zimatha kukhala mwangozi kapena kugawidwa m'magulu ndi mitundu, ndikupanga dziwe la "Dutch" lolamulidwa.

Aquascaping imawonedwanso ngati mtundu wa herbalist - malo osungira okhala ndi malo okumba opangidwa kuchokera kuzomera, miyala, mabatani ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsa. Kapangidwe kamtundu wamadzimadzi oterewa ndi ntchito yayikulu, imafuna kuti ifufuzidwe mozama ka malo osiyanasiyana am'madzi ndi kapangidwe kake.

Kuthira manyowa am'madzi ndi feteleza

Palibe amene amadabwa ndi kufunika kokadyetsa nsomba. Ndipo mbewu zimafunikiranso zakudya, zomwe sizingakhale zokhazikika mu aquarium. Chifukwa chake, iwo asodzi achilengedwe omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri kukula kwa mbewuayenera kuchita zina zoposa chabe mudzala chomera mu aquarium ndikudikirira nthawi yomwe idzakhale chokongoletsera chabwino cha munda wawo wamadzi.

Bzalani Mtengo Wathanzi kwakukulu kotsimikizika ndi mtundu wa kuyatsa. Kuwala, ngati kuli ndi mawonekedwe komanso mphamvu yolingana, kumapereka mphamvu kwa mbewu ndikukulitsa kagayidwe koyenera. Mukamakulitsa kagayidwe kakang'ono, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imafunikira michere kwambiri. Zakudya zomwe mbewu zimafunikira ndizosiyana. Mu malo oyamba, inde, kupatsidwa kwa mbewu zokhala ndi kaboni mu mawonekedwe a CO₂. Mu malo achiwiri muli feteleza wa mchere: awa ndi potaziyamu, calcium, phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi chitsulo.

Kudyetsa ndi chitsulo zofunika kwambiri. M'malo opangira madzi, chitsulo nthawi zambiri chimachotsedwa m'madzi. Koma zachilengedwe m'malo osungira otentha zimapezeka kulikonse, nthawi zambiri zimakhala kwambiri. Amadzi am'madzi ambiri amadzimadzi a aquarium (cryptocorynes) amadziwika ndi mpweya wambiri komanso momwe amachepetsa mphamvu ya zamchere. Pankhaniyi, chitsulo chimapezeka mu mawonekedwe a oxide hydrate ndi phosphate achitsulo, omwe amatha kuweruzidwa ndi madontho a bulauni pansi. Chimodzi mwazotsatira za kuchepa kwa chitsulo chimatha kusokonekera kwamasamba, chlorosis.

Kodi kusintha kwa masamba chlorosis, kumayendera pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso apadera (Fe-test). Pokhapokha pazenera kusankha kuti zowonjezera zitsulo ndizofunikira, komanso kuchuluka kwake. M'mbuyomu, kuphatikiza chitsulo chogwira bwino kunabweretsa zovuta zambiri komanso kunabweretsa zovuta zambiri. Zitsulo zomwe zili m'madzi ndizambiri, zophatikiza zake zimatha kukhazikika pa nsomba zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chinsalu chofiirira, kusokoneza kupuma kwawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa masamba sikuti kumangosonyeza chlorosis. Nthawi zambiri vutoli limatha kukhala kuperewera kwa zinthu zina: magnesium kapena manganese.

Kulowerera kwathu kumafunikira pokhapokha ngati masamba akusintha ndi kukongoletsa masamba ndikuwonekera ndi kuchepa kwa chitsulo. Iron, ngati feteleza, imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe a ufa - mwanjira iyi umasungunuka mwachangu m'madzi, kuphatikiza, okhazikika samaloleza kuti awonongeke. Zinthu zopanga zokha zimamangirira chitsulo kwambiri kotero kuti mpweya wake sungathe kuuphatikiza ndipo mbewu zimatha kutengeka mosavuta. Opanga ena amapereka feteleza mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, mwachitsanzo, Duplaplant zakudya zowonjezera tsiku ndi tsiku kuchokera ku Dupla, amafunika kuwaza madzi mu aquarium pogwiritsa ntchito pampu ya metering yemweyo. Njira yodulira ya Tunze (osmolator) imaperekanso mwayi wopangira feteleza.

Zaka zaposachedwa kuyambitsa kwa CO₂ inasanduka "zochiritsa mozizwitsa" zopanga ma aquariamu okongola komanso ooneka bwino obzalidwa ndi mbewu. Zonse zofunikira pakuyika izi zikugulitsidwa.

Choyamba, chosokoneza ndi chithandizo chake₂ mu mawonekedwe a gaseous (kaboni dioxide) umadyetsedwa m'madzi a aquarium. Kuchuluka kwa CO₂ zimatengera kukula kwa malo am'madzi, kuchuluka kwa kuwunikira, kuuma kwamadzi (kukwera kwambiri, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mpweya) komanso kuchuluka kwa malo olimapo. Monga mtengo wapakati, mutha kutenga 2-3 g ya CO₂ patsiku ndi buku la malita 100 ndi madzi a hardness ochepa.

Chifukwa chake, kwa aquarium ya malita 500, mpweya wa g 10 ndi wofunikira. Zogulitsa za kampani ya Dupla zimaganiziridwa kwambiri mu lingaliro ili: amapanga masilinda a kukula sikisitini (160, 300, 500, 1500, 3000 ndi 6000 g). Ndikosavuta kuwerengera momwe mafuta amagwiritsidwira ntchito: ngati tiyambira pa 15 g patsiku, zikutanthauza kuti silinda yokhala ndi 1500 g ndi yokwanira masiku 100. Ku Germany, silinda yopanda kanthu imasinthidwa kwina kwathunthu pamalo apadera.

Zida zopangira balloon zimaphatikizira kupanikizika kwa magetsi ndi valavu yochepetsera kukakamiza. Kusintha kwatsatanetsatane pakupereka kwa CO₂ zitha kuchitidwa ndi woyang'anira kale. Imasinthasintha ndikukhazikitsa phindu la pH kudzera muyezo wolondola wa CO₂.

Kukhazikitsa zodzipangira zokha za CO₂.

Chinthu chinanso cha dongosololi (chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizana ndikusintha kosasintha) ndi valavu ya solenoid, yomwe, pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi, imayimitsa kuperekanso kwa CO₂ usiku, pamene njira ya assimilation ya mbewu chimazizira.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mumadzi amadzimadzi olemedwa ndi CO₂, sipayenera kukhala pakompyuta yolimba yomwe ma pampu ofunika amatulutsa. Kusuntha kwamadzi kumathamangitsa mpweya woipa. Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya woipa wambiri kwambiri umakhala poizoni ndi nsomba, zomwe zimawonetsedwa movutikira. Poizoni wa kaboni dayokisai umatheka pokhapokha pamtengo wotsika wa pH, chifukwa kaboni dayokisaidi pamalo okhala acidic amachepetsa mtengo wa pH pansipa 7.0. Izi ndizotheka pang'onopang'ono pafupifupi 150 mg / L. Izi zikachitika, madzi ambiri amadzimadzi adzatulutsa kaboni dayokiti ndikuwongolera mwachangu vutoli. Kuti mumange mpweya woipa m'madzi, kuumitsa kwa carbonate osachepera 2 ° dKN ndikofunikira.

Duwa la Limnophila pamadzi (Limnophila aquatica).

Duwa la Ammania Senegalese (Ammannia senegalensis)

Duwa la Cardinal Lobelia kapena magazi a Lobelia ofiira (Lobelia Cardinalis)

Kodi mumakonda nkhaniyo? Tumizani ku siteshoni kuti mupitirizebe kuphunzira zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri

Zomera zamtundu wanji ndizoyenera dziwe la udzu

Kapangidwe kake kosungiramo mbeu ndi zomanga kamamangidwa molingana ndi mfundo zoyenera kuzilimbitsa, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wophimba mawonekedwe ambiri am'madzi ndi masomphenya anu.

Zomera zokulira pamunsi komanso zoyambira pansi zimadziwitsidwa kuti ziziwonekere:

• glossostigma
• Sitnyag
• lileopsis,
• wachifundo wachikondwerero,
• marsilia wamasamba anayi,
• chuma
• ChiJavanese moss.

Pakatikati pakati, osati wamtali kwambiri, koma zitsamba zosadyeka amaikidwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

• osinthana
• mango,
• Ammania Bonsai
• Blixa Mjapani
• lobelia
• Cardamin Litara
• pogostemon
• lemongrass.

Udzu wautali ndi woyenera kupanga kapangidwe kakumbuyo:

• nyanga
• cabomba
• Cyperus Helfer
• Anubias
• cryptocoryne
• ludwig
• bacopa
• echinodorus,
• apogonetone.

Ndikofunikira kuyika zikhalidwe zam'madzi mu malo am'madzi ndikuganizira zosowa zawo zakuwala. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zololera pamthunzi (mwachitsanzo, anubias kapena cryptocorynes) zimayikidwa m'makona kapena m'mbali mwa thankiyo. Zomera za Photophilous ziyenera kuyikidwa kutsogolo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zitsamba zam'madzi zokhala pamwamba komanso zamadzi sizimabisala.

Kupanga thanki yamaluwa.

Kusankha kwotsalira

Kukula kwa dziwe lamasamba sikuyenera kupitirira 50-60 cm, apo ayi zimakhala zovuta kusamalira madzi am'madzi. Kwa oyamba kumene oyenda pansi pamadzi, akasinja ooneka ngati makona amathandizika kuti ayike kale.

M'lifupi mwake chikho chagalasi ndichosankha. Komabe, musagule ma aquariums osakwana masentimita 50: malo ochepa kwambiri angapangitse kuyika kwazomera ndikuwongoletsa mawonekedwe.

Kuunikira koyenera

Kuunikira koyenera ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kukonzekera kwathunthu kwa zomera zam'madzi. Kuwala kosasunthika komwe kumakhala ndi nyali yayitali kumayambitsa kukula kwa algae, komwe kumayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa herbalist - madzi amayamba kuphulika. Maola opangira opanga moyenera amayenera kukhala pafupi ndi zachilengedwe nthawi yayitali ndipo ayenera kukhala pafupifupi maola 10-12. Chizindikiro choyimira bwino kwambiri ndi 1 W pa lita imodzi yamadzi.

Mu nyali za m'madzi wokongola, mawonekedwe ofiira ayenera kufalikira, kulimbikitsa kumera kwazomera. Ma luminaires a buluu amachititsa maluwa. Nyali zofiira zimayikidwa kumbuyo kwa thankiyo komanso pakati, buluu - kutsogolo. Kuphatikiza pakupindulitsa mbewu, kuyatsa kophatikizanso kumakhala ndi ntchito yokongoletsa.

Zojambula zowala zamtundu zimaphatikizidwa ndi nyali zonse zowala za fluorescent. Masana, mphamvu yowala imasinthidwa, kuyesa kufanana ndi kuzungulira kwachilengedwe. Kuwala kowala kumayatsidwa kwa maola 4-5, kenako kusamutsidwa kumayendedwe apakati.

Bzalani Aquarium kusefera

Aquarium yokhala ndi mbewu kusefa.

Kuzidulira mu herbalist kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Pakuyeretsa madzi ndikokwanira kukhazikitsa fayilo ya canister yakunja - chipangizo chomwe ndi nyumba yokhala ndi mafayilo ojambula. Imayikidwa panja pa aquarium, motero sizigwirizana ndi kayendedwe kamphamvu ka madzi mu dziwe.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zosefera zakunja, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kayendetsedwe kamagetsi kotsika.

1. Samariya yokhazikitsidwa kumene

Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zomwe zimagulidwa ku aquarium yomwe yangoyambitsidwa kumene, zimadzala m'malo owuma, ndipo zimakonda kugwetsa masamba. Ngakhale mbewu izi zitakuliriridwa pansi pamadzi, masamba ake otsika amatha kusungunuka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa madzi. Izi zitha kuchititsa kuti zinthu za nayitrogeni m'madzi ziwonjezeke kwambiri. Ngati fyuluta, ngati aquarium, ikuyamba kuyambira pachiwonetsero, zinthu zazing'onoting'ono mkati mwake sizikwanira kuyeretsa kwamadzi, motero madzi samakhazikika. Zomera zongobzala kumene sizimangoyamba kumene kukula ndikuchotsa michere, kuzimeza. Zinthu zonsezi zimayambitsa nyengo zomwe algae imayamba mwachangu kwambiri. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, ndikofunikira kuchotsa nayitrogeni wambiri, yemwe kusintha kwamadzi kumachitika. Madzi olimba amasintha chifukwa cha kusowa kwachilengedwe. Ndikofunika kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbewu zimadya michere kuti apange zinthu zomwe mwala sizingakule bwino. Green Brful STEP1 ndi feteleza wamadzi woyenera nthawi imeneyi. Uku ndi kusakanikirana bwino kosiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunikira kuti pakhale mphukira zatsopano ndi mizu. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuti pakhale kuphukira kwatsopano kwathanzi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kuda nkhawa kuti ilimbikitse kukula kwa algae, chifukwa ilibe nitrogen, phosphate ndi potaziyamu.

Chisamaliro Chazitsamba

Kusamalira dimba la m'madzi ndi kofanana ndi kusunga m'nyumba kapena m'munda. Aquaflora amafunikanso gawo lina lokhala ndi michere, feteleza wam'migodi, kudula pafupipafupi ndi kuchotsa mphukira zodwala kapena zowola. Kuti muyambe, mutha kuwonera makanema ophunzitsira kuti muwone kukula kwa ntchito yomwe ikubwera. Mukayamba kudziwa zambiri, kusamalira azitsamba sikungadzetse mavuto.

Madzi osungidwa zamasamba amasinthidwa tsiku lililonse la 7-10 ngati momwe amachitidwira ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Kusintha kwamadzimadzi kumakupatsani mwayi wambiri wogwiritsa ntchito organic. Komabe, ndizosatheka kuthira madzi kwathunthu kuti musasokonezeke bwino kwachilengedwe mu thupi lamadzi. Kugawa ⅓ kwa sing'anga.

Chofunikira pakukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu ndikusungabe kutentha pamlingo + 24 ... + 26 ° С. Kuzizira kumachepetsa kugawanika kwa maselo, ndipo kutentha kowonjezera kumayambitsa kuyenderera kwamadzi.

Kwa tanki yokhala ndi zitsamba, mtengo woyenera wa carbonate, osati kuuma kwathunthu kwa madzi kosankhidwa kumasankhidwa. Mwanjira ina, imatchedwa kuuma kapena kusakhalitsa kwakanthawi. Chizindikiro chowoneka bwino ndi mulingo wa 3 mpaka 6 dKH. Kuuma kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zida zapadera kapena zingwe zoyesera.

Mpweya wa kaboni

Onjezani kaboni diamoni kumadzi ndi zomera.

CO2 ndi mpweya womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri kumera monga mpweya. Ichi ndiye chomangira chomanga maselo ambewu. M'malo osungira zachilengedwe, ndende zake zimachokera ku 5-30 mg / l, zomwe ndizomwe zimachitika. M'malo am'madzi, mpweya wa kaboni umatsika kwambiri kapena umakhala wopanda zero.

Kuti muwonongeke nthawi zonse kaboni dayokisa m'mazitsamba akuluakulu, amawapanga pogwiritsa ntchito ma balloon kapena magesi a CO2.

Gesi imatha kuperekedwa kwa akasinja a ma nano ndi voliyumu mpaka 20 l powonjezera madzi ochepa.

Gwiritsani ntchito

Primer ya zomera za m'madzimo iyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zingapo za mawonekedwe osiyana:

• gawo lama michere
• dothi lolemera la michere
• gawo limodzi.

Kutalika kwa dothi kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 cm, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mbeu ndi kukula kwa aquarium. Gawo loyenerera lili ndi mawonekedwe otayirira, silitulutsa zinthu zakunja kukhala sing'anga yamadzi ndipo silikhudzanso kuchuluka kwa madzi.

Dothi lopangidwa kale ndi zitsamba, lomwe limagulitsidwa m'masitolo a ziweto, lili kale ndi zinthu zofunikira m'thupi. Ngati dothi ndilopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti lili ndi zida zoumbidwa, simungathe kuchita feteleza popanda kuthira feteleza. Feteleza zachilengedwe ndi mchere zomwe zimapangidwa monga mapiritsi, granules, makapisozi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chovala chapamwamba. Amapangidwa malinga ndi malangizo omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi wopanga pa phukusi. Mutha kugula othandizira m'masitolo apadera.

Kusamalira gawo lapansi kumakhala kuyeretsa kwake kochokera ku zodetsa ndi zina zakufa za mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito siphon. M'chaka choyamba atakhazikitsa ngalande, dothi silitsukidwa: Panthawi imeneyi, chilengedwe chopangidwa mwaluso chimatenga zinthu zofunika. Kuchotsa kwathunthu dothi kumachitika nthawi imodzi mu zaka 5.

3. Aquarium yokhala ndi mbewu yokhala ndi mizu yolimba

Echinodorus ndi Cryptocoryne ndi mitundu ya mbewu zomwe zimamera, kufalitsa mizu yamphamvu mu gawo lapansi. Mukakonza gawo laling'ono, Power Sand stacked imagwira ntchito ngati feteleza yoyamba, ikupereka chakudya chomera nthawi zonse. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yolimba kwambiri. Komabe, popita nthawi, mbewu zotere zikamakula mosalekeza, michere imacheperachepera. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kuwonjezeka zisanachitike kwathunthu. Iron Pansi ndi Multi pansi nthawi zonse imakhala pafupi kuti izi zitheke. Feteleza wolimba uyu akhoza kuikidwa mosavuta pamtunda. Timalimbikitsa kuwawonjezera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pachaka chatha kukhazikitsidwa kwa aquarium.

Botolo labwino ndi dispenser

Kupanga feteleza mlungu ndi mlungu kamodzi pa sabata sikhala njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira mbewu za m'madzimo pokonzanso zakudya zofunika. Ndikofunikira kuti michere yonse yofunikira ikhalepo nthawi zonse mopanda kuchuluka. Ngati kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumawonjezeredwa nthawi imodzi, zochulukazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi algae osafunikira. Zingakhale bwino kupanga zakudya zonse zofunikira m'zigawo zazing'ono nthawi zonse.Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwonjezera tsiku ndi tsiku kuchuluka kwa feteleza komwe mbewu zimatha kudya tsiku limodzi. Botolo yokhala ndi Br Brith dispenser nthawi zonse imakhala pafupi ndi izi. Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku mu milliliters akuwonetsedwa pa botolo lililonse la feteleza mu gulu la Brower. Mlingowu ndi lingaliro chabe lazantchito wamba yamasamba. Mlingo weniweni ungasinthidwe kutengera kuchuluka kwa mbewuzo komanso momwe zikukula zake (Onani malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa ndi kukonzekera kulikonse). Chosindikizira chilichonse cha botolo chimatulutsira pafupifupi 1 ml. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumayesedwa ndi kuwerengera kosavuta kwa ma tap pa dispenser. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange feteleza wofunikira popanda kuchuluka kapena kuchuluka kosakwanira, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa algae chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri michere. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthira feteleza tsiku ndi tsiku pafupipafupi ndikuwunikira nthawi zonse momwe zinthu za m'madzimo zimagwirira ntchito.

1. Anubias

Anubias ndiofala pakati pa okonda masewera am'madzi, makamaka chifukwa cha zofunikira zochepa pazomwe zimamangidwa. Anubias ndiyomera yoleketsa mthunzi; chifukwa imalimidwa, nyali zamphamvu ndi CO2 yowonjezera sizofunikira. Chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa za Anubias ndikuti palibe chifukwa chobzala mbewu pansi. M'malo mwake, ndizoletsedwa kukumba m'nthaka ya Anubias. Chomera chimatha kukhazikika pamisamba, miyala, zokongoletsera. Pali mitundu yayikulu komanso yocheperako.

Chifukwa cha masamba olimba kwambiri, ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe ungathe kupirira zovuta za ma cichlids ambiri ndi nsomba za golide, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ku aquariums okhala ndi nsomba zofanana.

2. Javanese moss

Javanese moss ndiye nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zam'madzi. Chifukwa cha kusasamala kwawo komanso kukula msanga, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi onse amateurs ndi akatswiri. Masamba ake otseguka, okumbukira chisoti cha mtengo kuchokera patali, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaluso pakupanga maiwe opanga, komanso pokonza mizere yamadzi. Moss amayala pansi kuti mazira asapite ku nkhomaliro kwa makolo omwe angokhala kumene.

Zomwe zimayambira ku Javanese moss zimatha kutalika masentimita 17 ndipo zimakutidwa ndi yaying'ono (osapitirira 2 mm kutalika) masamba obiriwira amtunda obiriwira. Mothandizidwa ndi ma rhizoids osawoneka bwino, amayikidwa pafupifupi paliponse - mbewuyo sifunikira kubzalidwe pansi.

Moss yamtunduwu imamva bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa 22-27 ° C, m'madzi ndi zovuta za 2-15 dGH ndi pH ya 6.0-7.5. Kukula mwachangu kumalimbikitsidwa ndikuwunikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kowonjezera kwa CO2.

Javanese moss masamba amakonda madzi oyera - kuyimitsidwa kumatha kukhazikika pamtunda, kutsekeka pores ndikusokoneza kayendedwe ka michere. Chifukwa chake, kupanga zosefera zam'madzi ndi Javanese moss ndikofunikira.

Kwa kubereka, koloni la moss ndikokwanira kugawa m'magawo ndi kusamukira kumalo atsopano. Komanso, akatswiri amati nthawi ndi nthawi kumachepetsa nthula ndikuchotsa nthambi zomwe mwala unakhazikika - motere, kapeti wobiriwira amawoneka bwino.

3. Elodea

Mlendo wina yemwe amapezeka pafupipafupi m'madzi a oyamba kumene ndi Elodea. Mphukira zake zobiriwira zobiriwira zimakula mwachangu (makamaka ndi mulingo wokwanira wa kuwunikira ndi CO2) ndipo ndizabwino pachiyambidwe choyamba cha aquarium.

Mitengo yayitali, yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira ambiri okhala ndi masamba obiriwira okongola kwambiri imakopa diso ndipo imakhala malo odalirika a nsomba zamanyazi komanso osamala. Kuphatikiza apo, Elodea ndi fayilo yachilengedwe yothandiza yomwe imayeretsa madzi kuchokera pazakudwala zofunika.

Kwawo kwa mitundu yambiri ya ma elodea ndi North America, chifukwa chake sichigwiritsira ntchito madzi ofunda, atatentha kwambiri, kukula kumachepa ndikuyamba kukhala ndi thanzi. Kutentha kwenikweni chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi 16-24 ° C ndi madontho osowa mpaka 12 ° C. Koma mbewuyo imalekerera madzi osavuta komanso olimba, imatha kukhalapo popanda kukhazikika pansi.

Kukula mwachangu kumathandizira kuti elodea imakonda kuthamangitsa mitundu ina yazomera ku aquarium, kotero kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuchotsera owonjezera. Mukadulira, mbewuyo imalimbikitsidwa kuti ibzalidwe mumtsuko wina, chifukwa madzi ake amakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zitha kukhala zoopsa kwa anthu onse okhala m'madzimo.

4. Hornwort

Zoyambira zazitali za mpanda wamtambo, wokutidwa ndi masamba owoneka ngati singano, zimafalikira mwachangu m'ngalande, motero mbewuyo ndioyenera kuyambitsa aquarium ndikusintha bwino mwachilengedwe. Mwachilengedwe, limamera m'madzi oyenda pansi pakuya mita 9, motero limamasuka pafupifupi kulikonse.

Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi amayamikira chifukwa chosunga bwino zinthu. Hornwort amayeretsa madzi ku mankhwala a nayitrogeni, ozungulira omwe amatha kupha nsomba.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zosasunthika kwambiri pakuyang'ana malo am'madzi, chimatha kuvomereza kuuma kosiyanasiyana ndi acidity yamadzi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowunikira ndi kutentha kwa chipinda, sikufunikira kuvala kwapadera komanso kupatsidwa kwa CO2. Alibe mizu, ndipo pakulimbitsa m'nthaka, mphukira zosinthidwa za rhizoid zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pokonza madzi, Hornwort imakonda kutola zinyalala pansi, choncho imayenera kutsukidwa mosamala nthawi ndi nthawi.

5. Ricci

Riccia ndi chomera chobiriwira bwino, chomwe chimakonda kuchezerako madzi am'madzi. Imagawidwa mozama m'madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono pafupifupi makondomu onse.

Riccia ndi wa gulu la Hepatic mosses, motero alibe ziwalo wamba zamizere, monga tsinde ndi masamba. Thupi limayimiriridwa ndi thallus, kapena thallus, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi nthambi zambiri zobiriwira mpaka 1mm wandiweyani wophatikizika. Zomera zam'mimba zimakhala ndi mpweya wambiri, kotero riccia imakhala pamwamba pamadzi ndipo m'malo abwino amatha kupanga zisumbu zazingwe zobiriwira.

Zoyenera kusunga kukhalaa sizovuta. Mwambiri, mbewuyo imasinthasintha bwino magawo osiyanasiyana. Malo osungirako malo otentha amafunikira momwe kutentha kumakhalidwira pa 22-29 ° C. Bwino ngati madziwo ali ofewa (2-8 dGH) komanso osalowerera ndale (pH

7.0). Chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwaa ndi kupezeka kwa kuunikira okwanira. Pakusowa kuwala, mbewa zimagawika padera.

M'pofunikanso kulabadira kuyera kwa madzi am'madzi. Kuyimitsidwa kwabwino kwa organic, kukhazikika pamasamba, kumatha kuyambitsa choletsa.

Nthawi zambiri, ricchia imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola m'madzi am'madzi kuti mwachangu apeze pabwino. Koma ma aquascapers ambiri ali okondwa kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apamwamba okongoletsa a chiwindi moss mu ntchito yawo. Riccia ikhala chomera chovala bwino pamwamba pa ma golide ndi ma Malawi, ndipo ipanganso kuwala kwina, ngati kuli kotheka, kwa mitundu ina ya mbewu. Nthawi zina richchia imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chivundikiro kutsogolo kwa aquarium.

6. Wallisneria

Vallisneria ndi mbewu yotchuka m'zaka zaposachedwa kapangidwe ka maiwe opanga. Masamba ake opendekera ndi lalitali ngati masamba amayenda mokongola mumtsinje wamadzi ndipo amatha kukula mpaka mita kutalika.

Kutengera mtundu ndi kukula kwa chitsamba, chitha kubzalidwa kumbuyo kwa malo am'madzi, ndikumasewera m'minda yoyang'ana kumbuyo, ndipo kutsogolo - zowoneka bwino kapena zowoneka bwino zimawoneka bwino pano.

Mizu yake imapangidwa bwino - izi zimasiyanitsa vallisneria kuchokera kumadzi ambiri am'madzi. Chifukwa chake, mtunduwu umafunikira kutuluka pansi ndipo salekerera oyandikana ndi nsomba zamtundu womwe umatha kuwononga mizu. Kupanda kutero, saumiriza kuti ukhale mndende; imakula ndikukula mosiyanasiyana (kuyambira 18 mpaka 32 ° C), ndi kuwuma kwapakati komanso kufooka.

Masamba a Vallisneria omwe atalika kwambiri amatha kudzaza malo onse am'madzi, kulepheretsa kuwala kulowa mkati, motero ndikofunikira kuti udzu udulidwe nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikuchotsa masamba odzala.

7. Ambulia

Ambulia (limnophila pamadzi) ndi chomera chachikulu chokongola. Ngati malo omwe mumapezeka ma aquariamu mulibe malo amtundu waulere, amapanga timiyala tating'ono. Pampanda wautali komanso wandiweyani, pali masamba ambiri okhala ndi singano omwe amapanga chipewa kapena maambulera, omwe m'mimba mwake nthawi zina amafika masentimita 12. Kutalika kwa zimayambira pazinthu zapanyumba nthawi zambiri sikhala kopitilira theka la mita, mwachilengedwe mbewuyo imakhala ndi kutalika kwa mita.

Ambulia ndi fayilo yabwino yachilengedwe yomwe ingakuthandizeni kuyeretsa aquarium ya zinthu zomwe zayimitsidwa komanso zosayera.

Mukasunga ambulia m'madzimo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti imakhala ndi kayendedwe kake ka tsiku ndi tsiku: madzulo masamba ake amapindidwa, ndipo chomera chimagona kwa maola angapo, ndipo m'mawa maambulera amatsegulanso. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe owunikira kwenikweni sizikhudza dongosolo la ma limnophiles.

Mizu yanyengoyi imakulidwa bwino, chifukwa chake, ikaikidwa m'madzimo, limnophile imabzalidwa pansi. Mu tanki, ndikokwanira kusunga kutentha m'malo osiyanasiyana kuyambira +22 mpaka + 28ºº, komanso acidity yosaloledwa. Kuuma kwamadzi sikofunika kwambiri. Magawo atapatuka kuchoka pamalowo, chomera chimachepetsa kukula, ndipo utoto wake umayamba kukhala wopendekera, koma ambulia amatha kupulumuka m'machitidwe oterowo kwakanthawi.

Nsomba zotchedwa Herbivorous, zomwe zimakopeka ndi masamba osalimba, zimawopsa kwambiri. Komabe, mukamadyetsa bwino, ziweto zanu zimangowononga mphukira zopanda pake, popanda kuphwanya umphumphu wa chomera chathanzi.

8. Indian fern

Indian fern - chosasamala kwambiri zamadzimadzi amitundu ya fern. Masamba ake otambalala komanso opindika, amawoneka bwino mu aquarium kutsogolo. Mtundu wa masamba amasiyanasiyana kuchokera kubiriwira wobiriwira kupita ku emerald.

Chimakula bwino popanda dothi, koma mizu yopangidwa bwino imaphatikizanso kubzala munthaka yofewa. Fern imalekerera kusinthasintha kwa kutentha: imamveka bwino pa + 25ºº, koma ngakhale mutasinthika kwakukulu ndi chizindikiro ichi sichimafa, koma chimangolekerera kukula. Kuuma kwamadzi kumasungidwa bwino mpaka 6 dGH, komanso kusunga otsika acidity.

9. Hygrophil

Mitundu yambiri ya hygrophils sifunikira kupanga njira zapadera kuti ikule. M'mizinda yam'madzi, mitundu yotchuka kwambiri imachokera ku Southeast Asia.

Ma hygrophils ndi mbewu zolimba zomwe zimakhala ndi zokongoletsera zabwino. Mitundu yodziwika bwino, yomwe ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya hygrophil, imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 50. Masamba akukulidwa adapangidwa pawiri. Imachulukana bwino mbali zina za mphukira, chifukwa ndikokwanira kudula nthambi mosamala. Chomera chimafuna kupatulira kwakanthawi.

Ma hygrophils safunikira pamtunda, opepuka, ndipo simungapangenso kuwonjezeranso kwa CO2. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokongoletsa maziko a aquarium. Mulingo wa kukula ndi wokwera.

10. Kladofora

Kladofora - chomera chachilendo cha aquarium. Choyamba, mawonekedwe ake ozungulira amakopa chidwi. Kuphatikiza pa kukongola, mtengawu ulinso biofilter weniweni: umapopa pang'onopang'ono madzi ambiri, choncho mpira uyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse.

Danga lamakedzedwe am'madzi mu aquarium nthawi zambiri silidutsa masentimita 6. Kupirira kwa al kolonoli kumangokhala kodabwitsa. Amakhala bwino m'madzi ofewa komanso olimba. Zomwe zimangolepheretsa ndizakuti gululi sakonda kutentha, chifukwa chomwe mpirawo sungagwire mawonekedwe ake ndikusweka. Kladofora imalekerera kupuma nthawi yayitali.

Kukula kwa kuwunikiranso ndikosafunikiranso kwathunthu kwa mbewu. Komabe, kladofora sakonda madzi akuda. Tinthu tamoyo tomwe timayandama m'madzi timadzakhala pamalowo ndikukula.

Mgwirizanowu umafalikira mwa magawo a njuchi, komabe, kukula kwake kumayamba pang'onopang'ono.

Pomaliza

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kudziwa mfundo yofunika. Ngakhale mbewu zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zopanda chilengedwe, komabe, ndizofunika kuzisamalira pang'ono. Musaiwale kuyendetsa pafupipafupi ma aquarium, perekani kuchuluka koyenera ndikuwunikira mbewuzo ndi ma feteleza ovuta, mwachitsanzo, Tetra PlantaMin. Kenako munda wanu wamadzi wapansi pake posachedwa wasintha kukhala ngongole yobiriwira yokongola.