Madera achilengedwe aku North America.
Zilumba za Canada Arctic Archipelago
Chimbalangondo, Polimba ng'ombe
Tundra ndi nkhalango tundra
Arctic ndi subarctic
t january -24º -32º
Arctic chipululu permafrost ndi taiga
Mosses, zitsamba zobayira nyemba zazing'ono
Reindeer, polar owl, phala
Kusaka, migodi
Pakati pa 65º ndi 55º kumadzulo ndi 53º ndi 48º kum'mawa kwa chigawo chachikulu
t january -24º -16º
Fir, pine, spruce, mlombwa, yew, larch
Elk, chimbalangondo, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, gologolo, hare
Kusaka, kudula mitengo, migodi
Mitengo yosakanikirana ndi yopanda chidwi
Dera Labwino Kwambiri ndi Gombe la Atlantic
t january -8º -16º
Duwa lofiirira, laimvi
Oak, mapulo, linden, chestnut, nati, phulusa, birch, spruce, fir, pine
Raccoon, chipmunk, skunk, gwape, wapiti, mbalame
Kusaka, kudula mitengo, migodi
Zigwa Zazikulu (53º ndi 25º N)
Zapakati komanso zapansi
t january -16º + 8º
Maphala, munthu wometa ndevu, fescue
Njati, makoswe, mbalame, tizilombo
Kusaka, kulima mapondedwe, migodi
Peninsula Florida Atlantic ndi Premexican, Mississippi Lowlands
Zazosangalatsa komanso zachilengedwe
Earth Earth ndi Earth Earth
Oak, mapulo, linden, chestnut, walnut ,ypyp, magnolia, creeper, epiphyte
Raccoon, chipmunk, skunk, agwape, wapiti, mbalame, nkhuku, njoka, phenum, alligators
Kusaka, kudula mitengo, migodi
Madera otentha komanso otentha
Puma, jaguar, agwape, tapir
Nthaka yolima minda
Zipululu ndi zipululu
California Peninsula, South Rocky Mapiri, Dziwe Lalikulu
Madera otentha ndi ozizira
t january 0º + 8º + 16º
Solyanka, chitsamba chowawa, zitsamba zonyezimira. Cacti, agave.
Tizilombo, abuluzi, makoswe ochepa, njoka
Migodi
Pamutu: zomwe zikuchitika, maulaliki ndi chidule
Zithunzizi zikuwonetsa bwino, ndipo malembawo amafupikitsa mawonekedwe a zomera ndi nyama za kontinentiyo m'malo achilengedwe.
Kupititsa patsogolo kwa phunziroli pamutu wakuti "North America" mu giredi 7.
Madera achilengedwe a North America.
Ndondomeko-chidule cha maphunziro a geography mu grade 7 1. 1. Mphunzitsi wa dzina: Kolbanova Svetlana Vasilievna 2. Kumalo antchito: GBOU SOSH №1 pg.t. Sukhodol district district of Sergiev Samara dera.
Chiwonetserochi chimawonetsedwa ngati chowoneka pamutu wachilengedwe cha North America (zipululu za Arctic, tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra, taiga), momwe muli zithunzi zachilengedwe zachilengedwe za dera lililonse, iwo.
Chidule (Phunziro) pamutu wamalo achilengedwe a North America (zipululu za Arctic, tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra, taiga).
Kufotokozera kwamaphunziro pophunzira zinthu zatsopano. Chiwonetserochi chili ndi dongosolo la maphunziro, magome omwe ophunzira adzalembe nawo pamaphunzirowa.
Chipululu cha Arctic
Lamba limapezeka kwambiri kuzilumba za Canada Arctic Archipelago komanso ku Greenland. Kutentha kochepa mu Januwale kumakhala pafupifupi -32 degrees Celsius, ndipo mu Julayi kumangokhala digrii 0 Celsius. Komabe, nthawi yozizira kumakhala madontho ozizira - mpaka -50º C ndi pansi. Dothi limakhala kwambiri chipululu chokhala ndi dambo, lokhala ndi permafrost. Ndi oimira maluwa ena okha omwe amakula mikhalidwe yotere. Kusaka kwa anthu sikumaphatikizanso kusaka nyama zakumalo. Chipululu cha Arctic ndi malo achilengedwe apadera, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo komanso kusungunuka kwa permafrost.
Tundra ndi nkhalango tundra
Tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra imakhala pafupifupi gombe lonse lakumpoto kwa Africa, kutha pafupifupi madigiri 53 c. w. Nyengo pano ndi yochepa kale ku mitundu yambiri ya zinyama: mu Julayi, kutentha kumakhazikika pa + 8-10 digiri Celsius, ndipo mu Januwale sikumaposa -24 mpaka -32 ° C. M'malo achilengedwe ano, nthaka ya tundra-gley ndi peaty imakhalapo. . M'malo, masamba ochulukirapo amapezeka kale, ndipo anthu m'derali samasaka kokha, komanso amachita migodi.
Madera okwera kwambiri
Madera okwera kwambiri a North America amadziwika kwambiri ku gombe lakumadzulo kwa kontrakitala, komwe dongosolo la mapiri a Cordillera limapitilira, komanso kummawa, komwe kuli pulogalamu ya mapiri a Appalachian. M'malo osiyanasiyana, kusiyana kwachilengedwe kumawonedwa:
- ku Cordillera wa ku Canada, kusiyana kwake kukuonekera kwambiri: madera otambalala kuchokera kumphepete mwa nkhalango, nkhalango zowoneka bwino zimayamba pa 1000 m, kenako mapiri a mapiri ndi matalala,
- mdera lakutali kwa Sierra Nevada pamtunda wa 1,500 m, nkhalango za chaparral zimayamba, malo otsetsereka - 3,000 m.Kum'mawa kwa mapiri, kulibe nkhalango, mapiri okha ndi mitengo ya juniper amapezeka, komanso zipululu zotambalala pakati pa mapiri.
- Cordillera yaku USA kuchokera kunyanja ya Pacific imakutidwa ndi mitengo yazithunzi, ndipo nkhalango zowuma zimayamba kutalika pang'ono, pamalo okwera 3000 m - mapiri a alpine.
Zinyama zam'mapiriwa sizosiyana kwambiri; ndi mitundu yochepa chabe ya nyama yomwe imatha kukhala pamalo okwanira 3000 metres.
Taiga
Amadutsa pakati pa 53 ndi 48 madigiri ndi. w. kum'mawa kwenikweni ndi pakati 65 ndi 55 madigiri s. w. - Kumadzulo. Kutentha kuno kumakhala kofunda, nthawi yozizira matenthedwe samatsika pang'onopang'ono -24º C, ndipo nthawi yotentha imakhala nyengo yosangalatsa - pafupifupi + 16º C. Nthaka zomwe zili m'chilengedwechi zimapangidwa makamaka, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukula kwamitengo. Anthu aku taiga akuchita ntchito yosaka, migodi komanso kuwononga mitengo.
Mitengo yosakanikirana ndi yopanda chidwi
Madera monga Great Lakes ndi gombe la Atlantic ndi malo achilengedwewa. M'nyengo yotentha, nyengo ndiyotentha pano - kuyambira +16 mpaka 24 digiri Celsius, ndipo mu Januwale simakhala ozizira kwambiri, kutentha kwakukulu kumakhala kozungulira -16 degrees Celsius. Nthawi zambiri dothi lofiirira komanso laimvi limapezeka. Mikhalidwe yabwino imathandizira kuti pakhale mitundu yambiri yazinyama ndi zomera.
Steppe (minda) ndi nkhalango-steppe
Dera Lalikulu la m'chilengedwechi. Kutentha kumakhala kotentha komanso kotentha, mu Julayi kumakhala kotentha kokwanira, ndipo mu Januwale matenthedwe samakhala otsika -16 digiri Celsius, nthawi zambiri kutentha kuphatikizanso. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi dothi labwino la chernozem ndi chestnut.
Kusintha nkhalango zonyowa
Awa ndi amodzi mwa malo opanda chonde kwambiri komanso opanda mchere kumtunda. Amadziwika ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwapakati pachaka - kuyambira +20 mpaka 24 digiri Celsius, yotentha nyengo yachisanu, pomwe kutentha sikumatsika pansi pa 0º C. Dera ili limaphatikizapo Pre-Mexico, Mississippian, Atlantic Florida. Mwa dothi, dothi lachikaso ndi dothi lofiiralo limakhazikika.
Nkhalango zolimba
Ili pamtunda wopapatiza wa gombe lakumadzulo kwa North America ku California. M'nkhalangoyi muli mitengo yaying'ono yomwe ilipo pang'ono. Mpweya womwe umafikira ku 1000 mm nthawi zambiri umagwera m'nkhalango izi pachaka, zambiri zomwe zimachitika nthawi yozizira.
Dothi pano makamaka limakhala lofiirira komanso lofiirira. Nyengo imakhala yotentha, nthawi zina chipale chofewa chimagwa, koma mofulumira chimazimiririka. Nkhalango zowuma mosadukiza zimakhazikika m'mphepete mwa zipululu, ma savannas, komanso nkhalango zamtunda wotentha, motero zomera ndi nyama ndizofanana kwambiri ndi madera amenewa.
- nkhata ndi mitengo yamiyala,
- Heather,
- mchira,
- arbutus,
- buluzi,
- maolivi akuthengo.
M'nkhalango zolimba, muli mimbulu, mongooses, porcupines, komanso mbalame zambiri.
Ma Savannah
Ma Savannahs - lamba wachilengedwe wa Central America, momwe nyengo yotentha komanso yapamwamba imakhalapo. Dothi pano ndi loyera kwambiri, lomwe limapereka mwayi kwa mitundu yambiri ya udzu. Izi ndizoyeneranso kulima pamtunda komanso kukulira mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutentha, monga khofi.
Zipululu ndi zipululu
Chomaliza, chosasangalatsa kwa moyo monga chipululu cha Arctic, dera lachipululu komanso chipululu. Amadziwika ndi nyengo yotentha nthawi zonse, kokha mu Januwale kutentha sikamatsika mpaka zero. California, Great Basin, kumwera kwa Rockies ndi m'derali. Dothi limakhala lotuwa kwambiri komanso la imvi.
Nyama ndi zomera zachilengedwe za North America
Ngakhale ku zipululu za Arctic komanso malo otentha kwambiri ku North America, kuli anthu ena apadera. Chifukwa chake, kumpoto kwa Arctic kuli zolengedwa ndi mbewa zomwe zimapatsa chakudya monga mandimu ndi mbewa zamkati - nyama zochuluka kwambiri m'derali. Palinso mimbulu yozizwitsa ya polar, ndipo pazithunzithunzi za m'madzi oundana pali miyala ikuluikulu yomwe imakhala ndi zingwe zoopsa. Mmodzi mwa anthu okhala m'zipululu zozizira ndi chimbalangondo.
Zisindikizo, zigoba za mutu wam'madzi zimakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa Arctic, ndipo anamgoneka wakupha nthawi zina amabwera. Ndipo pakati pa mbalame - m'mphepete, m'mphepete mwa msewu ndi ma tona.
Mu tundra kachiwiri - kuchuluka kwa mosses ndi lichens. Ndipo zinyama zikuchulukirachulukira: nkhandwe, nkhandwe za arctic, hares ndi kadzidzi zimathandizira m'mbali mwa magawo, zadontho ndi zimbalangondo.
Nkhalango ya taiga ndi zomera zamitundu yambiri. Apa mungapeze mitengo yamapine, yakuda ndi yoyera, komanso mankhwala a basamu a basamu. Aspen, birch ndi mitengo ina yolimba siipezeka pano. Zinyama za m'nkhalango ya taiga ndizosiyanasiyana:
- moose, wapiti,
- modandaula,
- mimbulu ndi mikango,
- martens, agologolo, muskrats,
- kadzidzi, nkhalango za paini, nkhuni za nkhuni, mitengo yamatabwa ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame.
Nkhalango zamapiri ndiye chuma cha Rockies. Pali mitengo yazomera, komanso nyama zam'mapiri. Ankhandwe, nkhandwe, mbuzi ndi zitunda zotuluka ndiye anthu ambiri okhala m'derali. Palinso ma hares, agalu odyetsa, coyotes, baribals ndi grizzlies. Mphungu zadazi - chizindikiro cha United States - zimakhala mdera lino.
Koma m'nkhalango zosakanikirana zomwe zili kum'mawa, mitengo yamitengo yosiyanasiyana imakula: mabulosi, ma chestnuts, ma pines ndi firs, mitengo, mapu ndi spruce. M'mapikisidwe onsewa amoyo nkhandwe, mimbulu, agologolo, agologolo, mphalapakati, njati, ma raccoon, ma skunks, ma chipmunks.
M'mapiriwo, zomerazi ndizosowa, koma pali zitsamba zambiri pano: udzu wa tirigu, udzu wa nthenga, buluu wamtambo, ndi miyendo yopyapyala. Mwa nyama zopambana agalu, agologolo pansi.
Zipululu ndi chipululu chokhazikika chimakhala makamaka ndi cacti, abuluzi, njoka, zinkhanira ndi akangaude. Hare, nkhandwe ndi coyotes ndizosowa. M'madambo otentha, masamba ndi olemera kwambiri: ma cypress, oak, ferns, kanjedza. Amphaka amtchire, zouluka ndi mbalame zowala zimakhala mitundu iyi.
Madera achilengedwe aku North America ali osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana malamba aku Eurasia. Pali mitundu yambiri yazinyama ndi zomera, zina mwa zomwe zimafunikira kutetezedwa mosamala.
Momwe amagawanidwira ku North America
Zoning kumpoto kwa America kutha kutsatiridwa momveka bwino ndi kutalikirana. Kuyambira ku Nyanja Zazikulu mpaka kumwera, kusakanikirana kwachilengedwe kumachitika mosadukiza - kuchokera ku West kupita ku East kukafika kumapiri a Rocky. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kusayenda kwamagetsi kosasintha kwa mafunde am'madzi.
Madera achilengedwe aku North America ali ndi mawonekedwe a maEurasia (kumpoto chakum'mawa) ndi South America (kumwera).
Chith. 1. Mapu a Madera Achilengedwe Aku North America
Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane zachilengedwe zadziko lino pogwiritsa ntchito gome.
Gome "Malo achilengedwe aku North America"
Zone
Malo
Dziko lamasamba
Dziko la nyama
Stony, permafrost zone
Lemming, nkhandwe ya Arctic, ng'ombe yamkono
Dera Lapakati Lapakati Lanyumba ya Arctic
Zilonda, ndere, chitsamba, udzu
Chimbalangondo chakuda chakuda, mphalapakati, njati zamtchire, lynx, skunk, muskrat
Mzere wochepetsetsa kwambiri kumitunda yakumpoto
Barsamu fir, wakuda ndi woyera spruce, pine
Mitengo yosakanikirana ndi yotakata
Zofanana ndi nyengo yotentha
Dondo lofiirira, sod-podzolic
Mapulo, beech, chikasu cha birch, mtengo wa tulip, paini wofiyira
Njati, chimbalangondo chofiirira, lynx.
Nkhalango zopondera ndi mitengo yopondera
Prairies - gawo lapakati pafupi ndi mapiri
Mbale, udzu wa njati, fescue
Coyote, makoswe, kalulu, galu wopeza
Malo okhala nyengo
Dothi Lachikasu ndi Dothi Lofiira
Oak, magnolia, kanjedza, cypress
Nyama zamtchire zimafalikira
Semidesert ndi zipululu
Inland Cordillera
Chomera, hodgepodge, cactus, agave
Zotupa, makoswe, armadillo
Malo obiriwira otentha ndi nkhalango zamvula zam'malo otentha
Nthaka yofiyira komanso yofiirira
Madera otentha
Nyama zamtchire zimafalikira
Nyengo ya Arctic
Pa gombe lakumpoto la kontrakitala, ku Greenland komanso gawo lina la zilumba za Canada, kuli nyengo yotentha. Imayang'aniridwa ndi zipululu za arctic zokutidwa ndi ayezi, ndipo m'malo ena lichens ndi mosses zimakula. Kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira kumasiyana pakati pa -3240 degrees Celsius, ndipo nthawi yotentha sikupitilira +5 madigiri. Ku Greenland, matalala amatha kutsika mpaka -70 madigiri. Munthawi imeneyi, mphepo yamkuntho ndi yowuma imawomba nthawi zonse. Mvula yanyengo ya chaka sichidutsa 250 mm, ndipo nthawi yayitali chipale chofewa.
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Lamba wocheperako amakhala ku Alaska ndi kumpoto kwa Canada. M'nyengo yozizira, mafunde ochokera ku Arctic amasuntha kuno ndikubwera kwambiri. M'chilimwe, matenthedwe amatha kukwera mpaka +16 madigiri. Kukhazikika kumagwa chaka chilichonse 100-500 mm. Mphepo pano ndi yabwino.
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Nyengo yotentha
Ambiri mwa North America amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha, koma m'malo osiyanasiyana pamakhala nyengo zosiyana, kutengera chinyezi. Gawani dera lakumadzulo kumadzulo, kotentha kochepa - kum'mawa ndi kontinenti - pakati. Kumpoto chakumadzulo, matenthedwe samasintha kwambiri pachaka, koma pamakhala kuchuluka kambiri - 2000-3000 mm pachaka. Pakatikati, chilimwe ndi chotentha, nyengo ya chisanu imakhala yozizira, komanso mvula yambiri. Pa gombe lakummawa, nyengo ya nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira kwambiri ndipo nthawi yachilimwe sili yotentha; kupendekera kuli pafupifupi 1000 mm pachaka. Madera achilengedwe ndiosiyananso pano: taiga, steppe, nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zambiri.
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Kudera lam'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe kumakhala kum'mwera kwa United States ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico, nyengo yotentha ndi yozizira ndipo kutentha kumatentha konse. M'nyengo yozizira, kumakhala mpweya wofunda, ndipo nyengo yotentha imakhala yotentha. Pali zigawo zitatu mdera lino la nyengo: nyengo yam'mapiri yotentha imasinthidwa ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi yam'madzi yotentha.
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Nyengo yotentha
Gawo lalikulu la Central America limakutidwa ndi nyengo yotentha. Kudera lonselo pamakhala kuchuluka kosiyana kwa mpweya: kuyambira 250 mpaka 2000 mm pachaka. Palibe nyengo yozizira, ndipo chilimwe chimalamulira pafupifupi nthawi yonseyi.
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Kachigawo kakang'ono ka North America kokhala komwe kali. Kuno, pafupifupi nthawi yonse yotentha; mpweya umagwera chilimwe mu 2000-3000 mm pachaka. Nyengo iyi ili ndi nkhalango, ma savannah ndi nkhalango.
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North America imapezeka m'malo onse achizungu, kupatula lamba wodziyesera. Kwinakwake kuli nyengo yotentha yozizira, yotentha, ndipo m'malo ena kusintha kwanyengo pachaka sikuonekera kwenikweni. Izi zimakhudza kusiyanasiyana kwa zomera ndi zinyalala kumtunda.
Makhalidwe azachilengedwe
Dera lokhalo limakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zigawo zikuluzikulu. Zodziwika kwambiri ndizosakanikirana komanso zophatikizira. Ku North America (Canada) Mitundu ya mitengo ya taiga imapezeka. Dera lomwe nkhalangalo limalowetsa ndi steppes.
Manda ndi zigwa zokhala ndi udzu waukulu, momwe mulibe nkhalango.
Mapiri aku North America ali kumadzulo kwa Central Plain. Nawa minda yayikulu ya chimanga (Iowa, USA). Zomwezi zimawonedwa mu gawo la steppes ndi nkhalango-steppe. Popeza zigawo zitatuzi zili ndi dothi labwinobwino, pafupifupi zimakhazikitsidwa ndi alimi.
Mpaka pano, nyama zamtchire ndi nkhalango zotere zatsala pang'ono kutha.Zaka mazana awiri zapitazo, magulu a njati ndi ma pronghorn ankakhala kuno, koma tsopano mutha kukumana ndi galu wocheperako, wofanana ndi gologolo, ndi zilombo zakuthengo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayandikira nyumba za anthu kufunafuna chakudya.
Kumadzulo kwa Great Plain ndi malo owuma, pomwe 500-600 mm amagwera mchaka. mpweya. Pafupifupi chipululu, ndiye kuti kukolola sikukutsimikizika. Mazere m'derali amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha ziweto.
Kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa zipululu. Nthawi ina linali dziko la mgodi wagolide. Mwa mchenga mungapeze manda amizinda, omwe moyo wawo, nthawi zina, sunapitirire zaka 50.
Chith. 3. Madera a nkhalango ku North America
Dera lamtunda lachigawo limayambira 38 ° mpaka 20 °. Ili ndiye gawo la kumwera kwa United States ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico. Pa gombe la Atlantic kudera lino kuli malo okongoletsa zokongola kwambiri. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa nyengo kuno ndi yotentha kwambiri, palibe nyengo yozizira - imangokhala yozizira pang'ono. Kusintha kwa mabatani m'derali kumachitika kuchokera kumadzulo mpaka kummawa.
Tinapfundzanji?
Madera achilengedwe aku North America ali ndi mawonekedwe ena poyerekeza ndi Eurasia. Kusintha kwa magawo pano kumachitika kum'mwera chakum'mwera, motero nyengo pano siyabwino. Osangokhala kopingasa, komanso malo okhazikika omwe angayang'anitsidwe, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mafunde akunyanja.
Kuchulukana
Kuchuluka kwa anthu aku North America kumachokera ku Europe konse, makamaka ku UK. izo Achimereka aku America ndi Anglo-Canadaamalankhula chingerezi. Ochokera ku French omwe adasamukira ku Canada amalankhula Chifalansa.
Nzika zakunyumba - Amwenye ndi Eskimos. Anthuwa ndi a nthambi ya America ku mtundu wa Mongoloid. Asayansi akhazikitsa kuti Amwenye ndi Eskimos amachokera ku Eurasia. Amwenye ambiri (pafupifupi mamiliyoni 15). Ambiri mwa mafuko adakhazikitsidwa kumwera kwa Mexico (Aztec, Maya), pomwe idakhazikitsa mayiko ake, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi zachuma komanso chikhalidwe chotukuka. Ndi kubwera kwa atsamunda, zomwe amwenyewo adakumana nazo zinali zowopsa: adawonongedwa, achotsedwa kumayiko achonde, adamwalira ndi matenda omwe amabwera ndi azungu.
Mu XVII - XVIII zaka mazana ambiri. kukagwira ntchito yolimidwa ku North America yomwe idachokera ku Africa akuda. Anagulitsidwa monga akapolo kwa obzala.
Chiwerengero cha North America chatsala Anthu 480 miliyoni. Gawo lakumwera kwambiri kum'mwera kwa dziko lalikulu. Kuchulukana kwa anthu kummawa. Mizinda ikuluikulu ili kumpoto kwa North America: New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Montreal, ndi zina.
North America ili ndi dziko lotukuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - United States of America. Kumpoto kwa gawo lalikulu la US ndi dziko lina lalikulu - Canada, ndi kumwera - Mexico. Ku Central America ndi zilumba za Pacific, pali mayiko ochepa: Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Jamaica, ndi ena.Republic of Cuba ili pachilumba cha Cuba ndi zilumba zazing'ono zoyandikana.
Chidule cha phunziroli “North America. Madera achilengedwe. Kuchulukana ".
Mutu wotsatira: “Eurasia. Malo