Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Helminthomorpha |
Gulu: | Kivsyaki |
Kivsyaki (lat. Julida) - kupezeka kwa mphero zopyapyala zamiyendo iwiri, kufotokozedwa ndi wolemba zanyama ku England William Leach mu 1814.
Gulu wamba la ma invertebrates okhala padziko lapansi okhala zinyalala zamatchire, kuphatikizaponso kotentha.
Makhalidwe ndi malo a kivsyak
Kivsyak - Ichi ndi cholengedwa chapadziko lapansi kuchokera pamiyeso ya miyendo yamiyendo iwiri ndipo ndiyomwe imakonda zachilengedwe.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya kivsyakov. Ndipo iliyonse yaiwo imasiyana ndi ina mu utoto ndi kukula kwake, zomwe zimasiyana mamilimita angapo mpaka mamilimita 3-4 kapena kupitirirapo.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi chimanjenjemera. Mtundu wa mphero zamtunduwu umatha kukhala mwini wa miyendo yoposa mazana asanu ndi awiri, koma mwanjira ina imafanana ndi nyongolotsi yayikulu. Ndiwokhala ku Africa, wokhala ndi mitundu mitundu komanso yosiyanasiyana yazamoyo zamitundu mitunduyi.
Monga zikuwonekera chithunzi, nod Ili ndi mutu womwe umakhala ndi tinyanga, ziwalo zokhudza ndi kununkhira, komanso magawo ambiri.
Pachithunzichi pali mutu waukulu
Zigawo za millipede zimayikidwa mu chipinda chimodzi ndipo zimakutidwa ndi chipolopolo, chomwe chimakhala cholimba kwambiri kotero kuti sichingawonongeke komanso kuchilimbitsa popewa kuwonongeka kwamakina, kotero kuti chimafanana ndi zida.
Chigoba cha milili imeneyi chimatha kukhala cha bulauni, chikaso ndi mitundu ina. Pali mutu wakuda. Pakati pa mitunduyi palinso anthu ena omwe ali ndi zokongoletsera zokongola. Mtundu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri African nibblewokhala ndi magawo abuluu, ofiira ndi achikasu.
Amatha kukhala ndi mithunzi ina yowala, komanso kukhala mumdima kwathunthu. Olive nod ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Ndipo m'mbali mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zake ndizopanda tanthauzo lowoneka bwino.
Mu chithunzi olive nod
A Kivsyaki amakhala m'nthaka ya m'nkhalangozi, malo okhala masamba, masamba a mitengo, zipatso, maluwa ndi nthambi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa zinyalala za m'nkhalango. Ndizachilendo, kupatula ku Antarctica. Kivsyak imvi - Chochitika chachilendo m'nkhalango zomwe zimamera munjira yapakati, komanso m'nkhalango za oak zakum'mwera kwakumwera.
Khalidwe la Kivsyak ndi moyo wake
Zinyalala zam m'nkhalango, momwe ndimkhalaki zimakhazikika, zimakhala ndi anthu ambiri ndizinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti mpaka miliyoni azitha kupezeka pamtunda uliwonse, kuyambira mabakiteriya wamba mpaka tizilombo, zolengedwa zam'mimba ndi tizilombo tating'ono.
Munthawi imeneyi, mutu umawononga moyo wake, ndikugwetsa pansi nthaka, ndikuyenda pakati pa anthu ambiri. Ngakhale kuti pali miyendo yambiri, nyamayo imayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo, ikaopseza, singathe kuchoka pamalopo pakuwona chinthu chosasangalatsa.
Mu chithunzi pali imvi kivsyaki
Komabe, m'malo achilengedwe amtunduwu wa mililiyi mulibe mdani, kupatula nkhupakupa zomwe zimabereka. Amalandira chitetezo ichi chifukwa chamachitidwe otetezera omwe chilengedwe chawo chimapereka. Kivsyaks sakusowa kubisala kwa zilombo komanso kuthamangitsa nyama zawo, choncho mphero zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa.
Ndipo mkhalidwe omwe amawakonda ndi, kugwera pansi, kuti azikhala chete. Kudziteteza ku ngozi, imagwada kuti ikhale mphete yolimba. Koma amatha kuwopseza mdani ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Chitetezo choterocho ndi chothandiza kwambiri kotero kuti mitundu ina ya nyama imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosangalatsazi. Mwachitsanzo, ma lemurs amawopa amaopa kivsyakov, kenako ndikupaka. Ndipo fungo labwino ngati lomweli limapulumutsa nyama kwa adani.
Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wa chipolopolo cha nkhonozi, umayamba kununkhira kwambiri. Koma zimanunkhidwa moyipa kwambiri mutu woyera - albino. Makani a exoticism, omwe amakopeka ndi mawonekedwe apadera a kivsyak, amasangalala mwachidwi mtundu wamtunduwu kunyumba.
Makamaka omenyera zachilengedwe amakonda kusunga mitundu ya ku Africa yomwe imakhala ngati njoka zazing'ono, yosiyana ndi iwo pokhapokha ndi miyendo. Kivsyakov amatha kusungidwa m'malo opezekamo komanso mumapulasitiki wamba. Kivsyak millipede safuna mikhalidwe yapadera ndi chisamaliro.
Ndipo pakusaka kwawo, chinthu chachikulu ndikupereka chakudya chochuluka, chinyezi chofunikira, komanso nthaka yokwanira ndi mchenga kuti athe kupuma pantchito yawo yachilengedwe. Kuti zinthu zisinthe, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu zingapo m'nthaka.
Zovuta za centipedes ndi chikhalidwe chawo chowopsa mosaneneka. Pachisangalalo chocheperako, amapindika mpaka kukhala mpira ndi zinthu zina - zotupa za caustic zomwe zimapanga fungo losasangalatsa la fetid.
Ndipo ngati muwagwira m'manja mwanu, muyenera kuvala magolovu ndikukhala osamala, popeza kunyansidwa kwawo, kutaya kwa fetid kumatha kuwononga zovala, zomwe zimatsukidwa bwino.
Koma chosangalatsa kwa nyama ndizokonda mtendere wawo, osati mwamakani konse. Zowona, si ochezeka komanso odzikonda. Gulani kivsyaka ikhoza kukhala ndi obereketsa kudzera pa intaneti, ndipo imawononga ndalama pafupifupi ma ruble 600.
Kivsyak zakudya
Kivsyaki ndi osusuka kwambiri, ndipo mwezi umodzi wamoyo amatha kuyamwa chidebe chonse cha chakudya. Amadyetsa masamba a masamba ndi bowa, amathanso kudya makungwa ndi mphukira zowola za mbewu.
Akasungidwa kunyumba, amatha kupatsidwa chakudya chamtundu uliwonse, amamasuka komanso amakonda kudya nyama, koma amadya tchizi komanso zakudya zilizonse zamasamba, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakonda chakudya chapadera.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kivsyaki amakonda choko, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mavitamini ndi calcium, yofunikira kulimbitsa chipolopolo chawo cholimba. M'malo mwake, mutha kupatsanso mazira a mazira. A Kivsyak ali ndi zokonda zawo, ndipo anthu osiyanasiyana amamilowu amatha kukhala ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana.
Mukamazisamalira, zakudya zimayenera kuwonjezeredwa monga zimadyedwa, ndipo ndibwino kutsuka zotsalazo nthawi zonse kuti mupewe nkhungu mkati mwake. Kivsyaki amakonda kuti azikhala ndi manyowa, omwe amakhala malo abwino osungira.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake eni eni minda ndi minda yakhitchini, mwatsoka, adapeza mtundu uwu wa mill milles omwe sanakulitse mokwanira kukhala wawo nyumba yamtundu.
Kivsyaki kuwononga mizu ya mbewu, zomwe zimalepheretsa mbande kukula bwino ndikupeza michere m'nthaka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi tating'ono, kuyambira mamilimita angapo mpaka masentimita ndi theka.
Kutengera mitundu, ndi maolivi, a bulauni, akuda, achikaso ndi oyera. Amakhala ndi ma setie osowa, ma warti ambiri pathupi ndi miyendo iwiri pamagawo aliwonse.
Tizilombo timakonda kudyedwa pa sitiroberi, kivsyaki fikirani kumeneko ndi manyowa abwino. Poganizira izi, musanagule feteleza, muyenera kuzibwereza mosamala ngati pali mphutsi zoyipa kale kapena kivsyaki.
Momwe mungachotsere kuchokera ku ma millito amenewa? M'pofunika kuyeretsa nthaka ndi malo obisalamo zinyalala zanyengo nthawi, ndikuthanso dothi chaka chilichonse pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamafuta ndi mankhwala.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Kivsyak millipede m'malo achilengedwe zimayikira mazira munthaka, momwe zimakhalira pakati pa humus.
Kuchokera pamipengoyi, mphutsi zomwe zimapezeka mwachilendo kuchokera kumabowo akuluakulu, zimakhala ndi miyendo yochepa chabe. Ndi nyengo yozizira, miluvu ndi mphutsi zake zimalowa pansi kwambiri, zimakonda kubisala m'matumba okhala ndi chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, m'maiko omwe mulibe nyengo yabwino, kumakhala kukuzizira.
Wamphongo wamwamuna pamamilu amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa ma homeopods, omwe amawoneka ngati miyendo yomwe ili mkati mwa gawo la mutu. Izi ndizofunikira kudziwa kwa iwo omwe akubereketsa kivsyakov kunyumba. Ngati amuna kapena akazi osiyana ali mu tanki kapena malo omwewo, kukhwima kumachitika pakati pawo.
Koma ndikasungidwa pamalo osayenera: chinyezi chochepa kapena kuperewera kwa chakudya, ichi sichizindikiro kuti chikazi chizitha kuyikira mazira. Ndi zakudya zabwino kwambiri komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana kudyetsa, ma nibs amatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka khumi ndi zingapo kapena zingapo.
Kumanga
Amakhala ndi thupi looneka ngati nyongolotsi, cylindrical kapena pafupifupi cylindrical. Thupi la achikulire nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi magawo opitilira 30. Maso nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa, osawoneka ngati amaso osiyana, amachepetsa kwathunthu. Magawo am'mimba amakhala ndi magawo awiri osakanikirana omwe amapanga gawo iwiri (diplosomite). Gawo lakunja la diplosomite limatchedwa prosomite, posterior metasomite. Tergites mwa magawo amatchedwa prozonite ndi metazonite, motsatana. Ma Metazonites oyimira agalu Julida amakhala ndi kutalikirana kwakanthawi paliponse kapena pokhapokha pamlingo wa ozopore wokhala ndi kapena wopanda maburashi. Pleurisy nthawi zambiri imaphatikizika ndi tergites kukhala chipilala chimodzi chomveka. Ma Sternites ndi pleuralgal arch amaphatikizana kwakukulu mpaka kukhala mphete imodzi ndipo malire a sternites sakudziwika bwino (mwachitsanzo, Julidae ndi Blaniulidae). M'banja la Nemasomatidae, sternites ndi mfulu.
Zambiri zakunja za kivsyak
Kuchokera kutali, kachilombo kamafanana ndi nyongolotsi. Mukayang'anitsitsa, mudzazindikira kuti ali ndi miyendo yayifupi, yopyapyala. Magawo amatchulidwa, ambiri. Pagawo lililonse pali awiriawiri miyendo. Akuluakulu, pali magawo 30. Maso a arthropod ndi okulirapo, omwe ali m'mphepete mwa mutu. M'mitundu ina, amachepetsa.
Ma kivsyaki onse ali ndi izi:
- okhala ndi tinyanga (pafupifupi kwambiri, wokhala ndi magulu pafupifupi 5),
- kupuma kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito trachea (yoyimiriridwa ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono opuma),
- Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana manambala m'gawo la 7 (mwa amuna, amuna awiri amasintha kukhala gonopod),
- thupi lotsika limakhala losalala kuposa kumtunda, magawo ake sadziwika.
Ma invertebrates onse amtunduwu adakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cha chitinous, chomwe mtundu wake umatha kusintha ndikusungunuka. Utoto wake ndi wakuda kwambiri, wa imvi kapena wakuda, nthumwi zofiira ndi zoyera sizochepa. Madontho ndi zopindika ndizotheka.
Kunja, mphutsi za Kivsyak ndizofanana kwa akulu. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kukula kwa mililo. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtundu wopepuka kuposa makolo awo. Akamakula amayamba kuda.
Giant kapena African nods (Archispirostreptus gigas)
Giant African nibble (Archispirostreptus gigas), chithunzi
Malo omwe amakhala ndi East Africa. Mtunduwu umakonda kwambiri chiweto. Kukhala m'nkhalango, ma invertebrates samavutitsa anthu. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 30. Colouring ndi wakuda, waluso. Miyendo ndi yofiyira kapena yofiyira. Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo zaka 7, m'malo abwino chimatha kukhala zaka 10.
Kutulutsa kumakhala poizoni ndipo kumatha kukhumudwitsa zimagwira mucous. Koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti poizoni sakupha ngakhale kwa adani achilengedwe a arthropod, ndiye kuti, sikuwopseza kwambiri komanso ali ndi cholinga chowopsa.
Sandy nodule (Schizophyllum sabulosum)
Sandy nodule (Schizophyllum sabulosum), chithunzi
Makamaka ku Russia. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda kapena wabulawuni, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira kapena yachikatikati m'thupi. Imakhala yonse kunkhalango komanso m'minda. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 2,5-5,5 cm. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yobisika masamba ndi udzu wakale.
Utawaleza wambiri (Aulacobolus rubropunctatus)
Chithunzi cha utawaleza (Aulacobolus rubropunctatus), chithunzi
Mtundu waukulu ndi loyera kapena la imvi. Kugunda kwamtundu wotheka ndikotheka. Pa gawo lililonse la arthropodyi pali mphete yakuda yowala. Kumbuyo kuli chingwe chofiirira chachitali chamtundu wokhala ndi mpweya wolimba. Miyendo ndi tinyanga tautoto. Pa gawo lomaliza mutha kuwona kakang'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi 8-10 cm.
Poyamba, ndimakhala ku Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Thailand). Zovuta kuposa mitundu ina ndipo imayesa kuluma, makamaka ndi kupsinjika kwanthawi yayitali kapena kufa ndi njala.
Olive nod (Telodeinopus aoutii)
Chithunzi cha Olive nod (Telodeinopus aoutii), chithunzi
Ndiwokakhala m'mvula yamvula yaku South Africa. Kwambiri kusankha pa chakudya, ochezeka. Imatha kufikira 24 cm kutalika. Mtundu wake ndi maolivi ambiri (amitundu yosiyanasiyana). Mtundu wa anthu ena umakhala pafupi ndi chikaso kapena imvi. Mphete zofiirira zazing'ono zimakhala pagawo lililonse, koma sizowonekera kwa oyimira amdima. Miyendo imakhala yoluka, tinyanga timakhala ndi khungu.
Kusamalira ndikusamalira, kotero ma novices nthawi zambiri amayamba.
Madagascar nodule (Aphistogoniulus corallipes)
Madagascar kivsyak (Aphistogoniulus corallipes), chithunzi
Imangokhala ku Madagascar kokha ndipo siziwopseza kwambiri alimi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 10-12. Ndi chiweto chotchuka chifukwa cha mtundu wake wowala. Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi wofiyira mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mphete zakuda zilipo. Miyendo nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yodikirapo kuposa thupi. Chiyembekezo chokhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu.
Desert nibble (Orthoporasi ornatus)
Desert nibble (Orthoporo ornatus), chithunzi
Malo okhala ndi ku United States ndi Mexico. Centipede ndi wopanda ulemu, amalekerera kusapezeka kwa madzi bwino. Imafika pamtunda wa 12-14 masentimita. Kupaka utoto kumasiyanasiyana. Zofala kwambiri ndizithunzi zakuda zachikaso komanso zowala zofiirira. Mwina kukhalapo kwa mphete zakuda kwambiri.
Crimea kivsyak (Pachyiulus flavipes)
Crimea kivsyak (Pachyiulus flavipes), chithunzi
Ili ndi kukula kwapakati - nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 4-5 cm (ngakhale panali zionetsero komanso zochulukirapo). Magawano sakhala oopsa, amakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Utoto wake ndi wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira wachitsulo. Pang'onopang'ono komanso modekha, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mapaki ndi nkhalango.
Kwa olima dimba, ma arthropods omwe ndi ochepa kukula komanso osakongola mtundu amakhala owopsa. Mitundu yayikulu ikhoza kupezeka kunyumba. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya michere yotentha imakhala ndi poyizoni wamphamvu. Amatha kusiya kutentha kwambiri. Komabe, mitundu yotereyi ndiyosowa.
Kodi kivsyaki choopsa ndi chiani?
Mwambiri, ma millil awa samavulaza minda. Komabe, kubereka kwakukulu kumayambitsa kusowa kwa chakudya. Chifukwa cha izi, kivsyaki imayamba kudya mizu yatsopano ndi mphukira. Kuphatikiza apo, ma millito amatha kuyamba kudya mphukira zatsopano chifukwa chosowa chinyezi, i.e. ndi kuuma kwadothi.
Amatha kudya zipatso zakupsa zina. Makamaka nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka pa sitiroberi. Zizindikiro zowonongeka ndi mabowo mu zipatso, nthawi zina mphutsi zimapezeka. Pambuyo pakuwonongeka, zipatsozo zimakhala zosayenera kudya.
Dziwani kuti chifukwa cha mantha, utoto ndi zina usiku, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwona tizilombo masana.
Kodi kivsyaki ndi chowopsa kwa anthu?
Kivsyaki amadziwika kuti ndi otetezeka kwa anthu, samaluma kapena kuwukira. Pakachitika ngozi, kivsyaki imatulutsa chinsinsi cha fungo labwino; m'mitundu ina ya ma invertebrates, imatha kukhala poyipitsa ndikuyambitsa sayanjana. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati chinsinsi cholowa mucous nembanemba, chimayambitsa kukwiya.
Koma zonsezi zimabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu, palibe chowopsa chilichonse chokumana ndi mutu.
Pali phindu lililonse kuchokera ku kivsyak?
Pochulukirapo, kivsyaki ndi othandizira cohabitants.Mwachilengedwe, amathandizira kuthamangitsa kuwonongeka kwa zotsalira zama organic ndikuchita mbali yayikulu pakulemeretsa nthaka ndi mpweya. Chifukwa chake, ndizovomerezeka kuti millipede wotereyu ndiwofunika kwambiri kuposa kuvulaza. Chifukwa chake, kuwonongedwa kwake m'mundamu sikuti sikuyenera ayi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zinyama ndi chinyezi cha nthaka.
Kodi mungatani kuti muchotse nibble?
Musanasankhe njira iliyonse yovutikira, ndikofunika kulabadira za agrotechnical processing. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwononge udzu wonse, kuti muchotse masamba agwa, mabatani ndi manyowa, pomwe kugwedeza kumatha kubisala ndikuchulukana.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira bwino tizilombo. Millipede amawononga masamba amizu, zipatso, zimayambira, mizu ndi masamba. Nthawi zambiri, zowonongeka zimawoneka zazing'ono ndipo ndi "bowo" laling'ono. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kotere, kukula kwa mbewu kumachepa, zipatso zimakhala zosayenera kuzidya. Zomera zokhala ngati beets kapena kaloti zimakhala zakuda kwambiri ndikuvunda mwachangu. Ngakhale zowonongeka pang'ono, mbewuyo imafa mwachangu.
Mankhwala
Polimbana ndi tizirombo tambiri, njirayi ndiyothandiza kwambiri. Koma kugwedeza mutu sikumasiyana. Chipolopolo cha chitin cholimba chimachitchinjiriza kuti chisavulale ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ndipo ngakhale chithandizo cha mbewu zomwe zimadyedwa ndi arthropod izi sizimapereka zotsatira zomwe zikufunidwa. Mankhwala amatha kuwononga mphutsi zokha, mazira ochepa centipede. Komabe, njira yolimbayi nthawi zambiri imakupatsani mwayi wochotsa kuchuluka kwa ma nibs.
Njira zoyenera zolimbirana ndi mphutsi ndi Fury, Actofit, Decis, Zemlin, etc.
Njira za anthu
Njira zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala pochotsa tizirombo pogwiritsa ntchito fungo. Itha kukhala infusions kapena mayankho. Komabe, ma nods satengera kwambiri njira zoterezi zolimbana. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndikubzala mbewu zabwino, zomwe ndi zampiru zoyera. Mwa njira, sichingowopsa makilogalamu, komanso kukhala ndi phindu pa dothi.
Koma njira yothandiza kwambiri yothanirana ndi kupweteka kwamakina ndi kukonza kwamakina. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, misampha yosiyanasiyana imapangidwa. Nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi zosankha izi:
- Mabodi. Pakati pa mabedi muyenera kupanga zokongoletsera ndikuziphimba ndi matabwa kapena plywood. Arthropod amabisala mwachangu m'malo otere tsiku lonse. Ndikofunikira kukweza gululo nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuchotsa tizirombo.
- Bank kapena botolo. Pafupi ndi malo okhala milion, ndikofunikira kuyika mtsuko pansi. Ndikofunika kuti ili ndendende pamlingo. Kuyesera kudutsa chopinga, gawo la mutu limagwera mkati.
- Nyambo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana komanso molumikizana ndi njira zam'mbuyomu kuti muwonjezere bwino. Monga nyambo, ndibwino kutenga mbatata, kaloti, beets kapena masamba ena. Kugwiritsira ntchito sitiroberi kumavomerezedwanso. Kivsyakov akuyenera kusungidwa ndi dzanja, koma ndibwino kuvala magolovu kuteteza khungu ku chinsinsi chawo.
Maenje a kompositi amakhala msampha wogwira ntchito. Mwa kusunga zinthu zabwino kwa mililo kumeneko, munthu akhoza kuchepa kwakanthawi. Komabe, ntchito yayikulu ndikudikirira nthawi yophukira. Ndi isanayambike nyengo yozizira, muyenera kukumba mulu, ma nod onse azikhala opanda pogona ndikufa.
Kupewa
Njira yabwino yothanirana ndi tizilombo ndikupewa mawonekedwe ake pamalowo. Malamulo ambiri kupewa ndi mavuto. Zinthu zofunika ndiz:
- kulima koyambirira,
- kumasula kwadothi kwamtunda,
- mochedwa yophukira
- kudzaza dziko lapansi,
- mulching sitiroberi ndi udzu,
- Kuchotsa zipatso zowonongeka zonse,
- kukolola kwakanthawi.
Zinyalala zambiri m'derali zimatha kuyambitsa mphero. Wokhala ndi invertebrate nthawi zambiri amabisala pansi pazinthu zakale zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Zotchinga zotheka ziyenera kuwonongedwa pasadakhale.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusamala makamaka pogula komanso kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa, humus ndi kompositi. Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri arthropod kulowa patsamba. Ndikofunikira kaye kutsimikizira kusakhalapo kwa tizirombo kapena kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe.
Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake
Thupi la munthu wamkulu limakhala ndi magawo 30 kapena kuposerapo. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuti Kivsyak ali ndi miyendo yopakika.
Itha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri - magawo atatu oyamba amapatsidwa miyendo imodzi, ndikutsatira magawo awiri okhala ndi miyendo iwiri. Kapangidwe ka thupi mozungulira gawo, kumathandiza kuyenda mozungulira pansi. Mamilioni amadya zinyalala za chomera, amatha kudya mizu, mphukira, zipatso. M'nkhalango zowirira, masamba amawonongeka, amakonzedwa, ndikuphatikiza dothi. Kupuma kumachitika kudzera mu trachea, pamakhala magawano m'zigawo za thupi - kupuma kotseguka. Millipede kivsyak ali ndi chipinda cham'mbali, ndipo mitsempha yamalumikizidwe ku ubongo. M'mitundu yambiri, masomphenya ndi ofooka kapena kulibe. Ziwalo zomverera ndi tinyanga.
Zambiri. Mamiliyoni ambiri amayenda mwanjira yapadera. Kutsogolo ndi kutsogolera kuchita, kenako mtundu wamtambo umadutsa thupi, kuyambira miyendo yolumikizira.
Magiya oteteza
Thupi la mamililita opangidwa ndi miyendo iwiri kapena ma diplopod linagawika magawo. Iliyonse ya izo imatetezedwa mbali zonse ndi zishango, zopukutidwa mu chipolopolo wamba. Chophimba ichi cha chitinous ndichofunikira kwa zolengedwa zangokhala. Simalola kuti thupi liume, limateteza kuti lisawonongeke komanso lizizunza. Njira ina yodzitetezera ndi tizirombo ta poyizoni tomwe tili m'magawo azigawo. Pakakhala ngozi, amatulutsa chinsinsi chapadera ndi fungo labwino. Mumitundu yambiri, sizowopsa kwa anthu. Ma millipito ena otentha okha ndi omwe angayambitse kutentha kwa pakhungu. Ndikofunika kupewa madzi kuti asalowe m'maso ndi mucous nembanemba. Adani achilengedwe a kivsyak ndi zolengedwa komanso mbalame, chinsinsi chakudyacho chimawopseza adani ambiri.
Chidwi Nthawi zambiri, atakhala kuti akuwopsezedwa, amagwedezeka ndikulunjika kumzere, ndikukhala pamimba ndi miyendo. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi chenjezo.
Tizilombo ta mbewu zobzalidwa
Wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amapeza vivsyakov pa sitiroberi. Mutha kuzizindikira patsiku lamitambo. Tizilombo timabisala dzuwa, timagwira usiku. Zizindikiro zowonongeka ndi mabowo mu zipatso, nthawi zina mphutsi zimapezeka. Strawberry imakhala yosayenera chakudya.
M'nyengo yozizira ndi yonyowa, mphero zimawononga mizu ya mbewu ndi mbewu za muzu - kaloti, beets, radishes. Kuwonongeka kwa dimba kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa mutu. Mtunduwu uli ndi mtundu wowala wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira pazigawo. Kutengera zaka, ndi zofiirira kapena zakuda, zimakhala zaka 4-5. Kutalika kwake ndi 8-14 mm. Akazi amayikira mazira 70 m'nthaka. Pambuyo pobadwa, mphutsi zimakhala ndi miyendo itatu yokha. Kukula kwa millipedes kuchokera ku mphutsi kupita kwa akulu kumatenga zaka 1-3.
Zambiri. Kuchuluka kwa ma nibs kumatha kuvulaza mbewu. Amatha kudya chakudya chochuluka pazowonjezera zawo patsiku.
Giant nod
Maimilodi akuluakulu ndi osangalatsa pokonza pakhomo. Chimphona chachikulu chikugwedeza, chotalika masentimita 30, ndi malo olandirika a boma. Thupi lake ndi lakuda, lonyezimira, lamiyendo. Mafani a nyama zosowa amakhala ndi mankhwala azinyumba - mumapulasitiki okhala ndi dothi ndi mbewu. Kuwona chimphona, ambiri akudabwa ngati kugwedeza kumakhala kowopsa kwa anthu? Cholengedwa chamtendere chimatha kunyamulidwa, chinthu chachikulu sikuti kumuwopseza. Millipede amatulutsa chinsinsi cha poizoni chomwe chimakwiyitsa nembanemba.
Zimphona zomwe zimakhala ndi chisamaliro chabwino zimakhala mpaka zaka 12. Amachita zonse pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale kutenga pakati kwa mkazi kumatha milungu 6. Amayika mazira m'nthaka, mphutsi zimakhala mmenemo, mpaka atakula.
Ziweto zachilendo - momwe angasamalire mutu
Ma fani amitundu yachilendo ayenera kulabadira zotentha zotentha. Ma diplopod amakhala odzichiritsa mu michere ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Mitundu yambiri imakuthandizani kuti musankhe nthawi yosangalatsa. Mitundu ndi kukula kwake kwa milionyedwe amaperekedwa kwa kukoma kulikonse. Kodi nibble amadya chiyani? Iye ndi wazomera, koma wopanda zipatso. Zakudya zake ndizophatikiza: masamba (kabichi, mbatata, kaloti), mbewu monga chimanga, zipatso, tchizi. Kwa moyo wabwinobwino, amafunika dothi losalala lomwe masamba ndi masamba. Ndikofunikira kusakaniza mandimu ndi gawo lapansi, ndimtundu wa calcium. Udindo wofunikira pakukula kwa millipedes umaseweredwa ndi tizilombo tokhala m'nthaka. Simungathe kuwononga mgwirizano wapadera, posintha zinyalala, zimasiya gawo lakale.
Malangizo. Onani momwe zipatso ndi masamba ziliri, m'malo mwa zakudya zowola ndi zatsopano.
Mu bokosi losungira kivsyak ndikofunikira kuwongolera ndikusunga kutentha ndi chinyezi china. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala 23-28 0 pamwambo wa 70-90%. Kuti mukhalebe ndi microclimate yofunikira, kupopera mbewu nthaka kumachitika. Payenera kukhala mabowo olowera mpweya wabwino. Zolengedwa zamtendere zimatha kukhala pakati pa tizilombo tokhala ndi ma arthropod osiyanasiyana - nsabwe zamatabwa, makutu a khutu, kapena kukhala m'magulu. Nthawi zambiri mafupa a ku Africa amapezeka kuti ali ndi nkhupakupa. Pambuyo pakugula, ayenera kupukuta ndi mowa.
Malangizo. Kwa molting wabwinobwino, kivsyaku imafuna calcium yambiri. Akapanda kudziunjikira mchere wokwanira, akhoza kufa. Gwero la calcium mu chilengedwe ndi masamba olimba; kunyumba, mutha kuwonjezera calcium glycerophosphate ufa.
Chokhacho chomwe chimakoka ma mill milles ndikuti amakonda kutaya nthawi m'nthaka. Amawoneka pansi usiku, koma akuwopa kuwala. Adziwonera nthawi yamadzulo. Nthawi ikafika yosungunuka, kugwedeza kumabisala kwa nthawi yayitali mnyumba yobisika. Kugwetsa chigobacho kumatenga milungu iwiri kapena inayi. Kusamalira mutu kumafuna kuchichotsa pabokosi. Ngati chiweto sichizolowera manja, ndibwino kuvala magolovesi oonda kuchipatala omwe amateteza khungu ku khungu.
Mitundu ya millito yolumikizika miyendo iwiri
Padziko lapansi fauna kivsyaki amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri, ina mwaiyo ndi yapoizoni. Mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino:
Utawaleza
- Giant, kapena African. Kutalika kwambiri kwa nkhonya yayikulu ku Africa ndi 38,5 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 2.1 cm. Dziko lakwawo la African nibble ndi East Africa. Giant kivsyak imatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zotentha komanso zochepa, nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango zowuma.
- Utawaleza. Ma diplopod okongola amenewa amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia.
- Maolive, yomwe idatulutsa dzina chifukwa chamtundu wa azitona wakuda. Ma nod a maolivi amapezeka m'nkhalango zamvula zaku South Africa.
- Wachifwamba. Imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni komanso wonyezimira wachitsulo. Zambiri mwa miyala iyi zimapezeka kumwera kwa gombe la Crimea.
- Eulides. Real vivsyaki amakhala kumadera akumadzulo a Palaearctic.
- Yopingasa-miyendo ndi miyendo yofiyira.
- Paris. Amakhala ku Cameroon, Congo ndi Cote d'Ivoire.
- Gigas. Ili ndi kukula kwakukulu.
- Albino. Fungo lomwe limapukutidwa ndi kuyera ndikosasangalatsa kwambiri pakati pa zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi achibale ena.
- Opanga. Anthu ena amakula mpaka 30 cm, pafupifupi 25-27 cm.
Kivsyak moyo
Osati akatswiri okhawo omwe amafunikira chidziwitso cha moyo wa tizilombo. Ma diplopod amaopseza mbewu, choncho wolima ndi wolima aliyense ayenera kudziwa momwe nyongolotsi zimasamba, momwe zimakhalira komanso momwe zimakhalira, zomwe zimadya. Izi zimathandizanso kuoneka ngati tizirombo tadzikoli kapena m'mundamo.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Ma diplopod amapezeka m'nthiti yautchire, masamba agwa, makungwa a mitengo, zipatso, maluwa ndi nthambi zomwe zimapanga zinyalala zamtchire. Izi ma arthropods ndizambiri. Simungakumane nawo kupatula ku Antarctica. Kivsyaki amatha kuzolowera chilichonse, ngakhale zinthu zovuta kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, ma diplopod samalekerera mpweya wouma ndi kuwala kowala, amasankha kukumba m'nthaka masana, ndikupanga mizere yakuzama mkati mwake.
Momwe mamilili amatulutsa: Kutalika kwa moyo, kutalika kwa moyo
Ma diplopod amafunika nyengo zina kuti athe kuswana: 25-27-degree kutentha ndi 85% mpweya chinyezi. Pokonzekera kukhwima, mwamunayo amaika ma spermatophore m'chiberekero chachimuna chomwe chili pachigawo chachitatu cha thupi. Mazira amaikidwa ndi akazi m'nthaka. Mphutsi zimasiyana ndi mtundu waukrisak wokhwima pokhapokha kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa miyendo. Asanakhale achikulire, mphutsi zimadontha kangapo. Pakusala nyengo yozizira, akuluakulu ndi mphutsi zimapezeka mu dothi lonyowa.
Kodi kivsyaki amadya chiyani zachilengedwe?
Mphutsi zotere ndizowopsa kwambiri. Pakatha mwezi umodzi amatha kudya ndowa yonse. Mu malo achilengedwe, ma diplopod amadya masamba omwe agwa pamitengo, bowa, makungwa a mitengo, nthambi zowola za mbewu, mizu. Zomera zam'munda zomwe amakonda kwambiri zamtunduwu wa mill milles ndi ma sitiroberi ndi nkhaka. Tizilombo titha kupezekanso mumulu wa manyowa ndi manyowa. Apa amakonda kubereka.
Adani achilengedwe a milili
Kuthengo, alibe adani. Ma ntchentche a parasitic ndi okhawo okhala m'nkhalangoyi omwe oimira mtundu wamtunduwu amaopa. Nthawi zina zobwezeretsa komanso mbalame zimatha kuwonetsa chidwi. Poona zoopsa, amapukusa fungo losasangalatsa ndikulowa mu mphete yowongoka, kumamveka kuti wafa.
Ma diplopod amayambitsa chidwi chochulukirapo m'madzimadzi wamba, omwe amawaluma pang'ono, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale fungo labwino. Ndi madzi amtunduwu amapaka tsitsi lawo. Chifukwa chake, mandimu samangowopa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso amasangalala ndi kumwa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku fungo lomwe limayamwa ndi milili.
Kodi kivsyaki amatenga gawo lanji m'chilengedwe, ndipo maubwino ake ndi otani?
Zilombozi zimagwira gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga dothi, makamaka kum'mwera, komwe kuli ma fumbi owoneka, ndipo ma diplopod amatenga ntchito yawo pokonza zotsalira zazomera. Amadya zinyalala zakufa za chomera, zomwe zimakhudza zinyalala mu dothi, potero zimathandizira kuti lisungunuke. Chimbudzi cha mililicho chimakhala chaching'ono chopangidwa mwaluntha cha dziko lapansi. Calcium carbonate imadziunjikira pazophimba zawo, zomwe zimakhudza bwino kukana kwamadzi munthaka.
Ma millimilone ambiri, kuphatikiza ndi mitsempha, amathandizira kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Zinthu zama radio ndi zitsulo zolemera zimasonkhana pachikuto chawo chachinous.
Kodi mungachotsere mphutsi ya miyendo yambiri?
Muyenera kuyamba kulimbana ndi ma diplopod atangopezeka, njira yokhayo yopulumutsira mbewuyo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudalira njira zamakina ndi agrotechnical kuti muthane nazo. Tizilombo toyesa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda awa sikuti timagwira ntchito mwanzeru, koma mphutsi zomwe sizinakwanitse kupeza chipolopolo cholimba titha kuzithetsa. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kuthana ndi kivsyak sikudzapambana. Kufotokozera njira zothanirana ndi mill milles:
Njira zakuchitira ndi mutu | Mawonekedwe | |
Makina | Kutolere pamanja | Kuti musonkhe tizirombo ndi manja, zimalimbikitsidwa kale kuti zizipangira zogona malo okhala. |
Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi | Ma arthropod amayenera kukopedwa pamatumbo, kaloti, sitiroberi ndi masamba ena omwe amawakonda. | |
Ntchito msampha | Kukhala ndi zomata pansi, zikaadzaza mililo, zikuyenera kuwonongeka. | |
Achikachik |
| |
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo | "Aktofit", "Karate" | Gwiritsani ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malingaliro a wopanga. |
Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsogola | Mchere | Ndi isanayambike nthawi yamadzulo, kuwaza mchere m'malo opezekera kwa kivsyak. |
Kodi mungasunge motani kivsyak ngati chiweto?
Omwe amakonda nyama zosowa kunja amatha kubereka ma diplopod kunyumba. Kusamalira iwo ndikosavuta. Ndikokwanira kukonzekeretsa malo mnyumba za ziweto izi ndikudyetsa pafupipafupi. Zambiri za kivsyak zimafuna:
- kutentha ndi chinyezi chachikulu
- aquarium yotakata kapena malo owaza ndi dothi kapena coconut gawo lapansi losakanizika ndi masamba ndi mitengo yowuma pansi pake,
- nkhuni zowola, masamba, masamba, zipatso ndi bowa monga chakudya,
- mbewu zophwanyika,
- choko, sepia, mazira ophwanyidwa, ufa wa dolomite monga gwero la calcium.
Pindulani ndi kuvulaza
A Kivsyaki amakhala ndi zoopsa akakhala kumadera omwe amalima. Zimaipitsa mizu, potero zimalepheretsa mbande kukula bwino. Nthawi zina tizirombo tating'ono timalowa m'miphika yamaluwa. Kuti muwachotse, muyenera kuyika mumphikawo m'madzi kwa maola angapo, dikirani mpaka milili yonse ituluke, ndi kutolera.
Simungabzale mulu wa kompositi mumiphika, ndizothandiza. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza ndi mavalidwe apamwamba. Paziphuphu zakumunda, nibble humus imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ndikofunikanso kutchulanso mapindu omwe kivsyaki mdziko muno zingabweretse. Amatha "kubwezeretsanso" zinyalala za kompositi ndikupanga nthaka yopatsa thanzi kuchokera mwa iwo.
Pokana kwambiri malo oyandikana nawo, munthu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena monga Karate, Aktofit ndi ena. Koma chifukwa chothandiza kwambiri, ndibwino kuwonjezera mchere wa chloride.
Ndiyenera kumenya ndi mutu?
Mwa chibadwa chawo, ma nibs ndi anthu azinyama, koma ngati munthu azisunga kunyumba, ndiye kuti mutha kuwadyetsa chilichonse, osapitirira mopitilira muyeso. Ma invertebrates amasuntha kuchokera pamalowa mkati mwa nyumbayo ngati muli chinyezi chambiri mumsewu, zomwe zimakwiyitsa kubwezeretsa kwa anthu mwachangu. Nyumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala kukhitchini kapena bafa, chifukwa kumakhala madzi. Zimawopa ndi maonekedwe ake pamene akwawira padenga.
Amagwira usiku, chifukwa masana dzuwa limasokoneza nkhono, kuzizimitsa. Osalekerera matenda kapena matenda, osaluma anthu ndi ziweto. Wamanyazi kwambiri, ndipo pangozi iliyonse mutembenuka kukhala bwalo lolimba ndikutulutsa fungo la fetid kuteteza pamimba. Samakhala ndi vuto lililonse kwa anthu, pokhapokha zovala zawo kapena manja awo akhoza kukhala odetsedwa.
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe angasangalatse mawonekedwe a millimayilo mnyumba, makamaka eni eni. Zikatero, ambiri amakhala akuganiza momwe angazithetsere. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda siothandiza kwenikweni pakuchotsa tizirombo, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yapadera ndi njira yabwino yothetsera. Ayenera kuyikidwa usiku. Pofuna kukopa ma nibblers, amaika zigaza zilizonse zosafunikira, mbatata kumeneko. Kuti muchite bwino, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "chakudya" (nyambo ya chakudya, mankhwala ophera tizilombo).
Nthawi zina tizirombo timakhala m'miphika wokhala ndi mbewu zamkati, ndipo potero zimakhumudwitsa eni ake. Kivsyaki amawonekera pamenepo, chifukwa mumitundu iliyonse yamphika imakhalapo. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati mugwiritse ntchito dothi losavomerezeka pamalopo.
Zofunika! Musanapange dothi la m'munda mumphika wazomera zam'madzi, ndikofunikira kuti kuthira madzi otentha pamwamba pake.
Ngati mumatsanulira masamba a tiyi m'miphika, ndiye kuti izi zimathandizira pakubzala tizirombo. Mphukira zakugwa ndi masamba omwe sanachotsedwe pa nthawi zimathandizanso pa izi. Pambuyo pa kivsyaki kudya zowola zonse, amasinthana ndi maluwa.
Ngati mbewuyo ndi yaying'ono, ndiye kuti iyenera kukumbidwa mosamala ndipo dothi liyikidwe m'madzi kwakanthawi. Ngati ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwazipangizo zotchuka - Karate Zeon kapena Aktofit.
Momwe mungadziwire tizilombo?
Wamaluwa nthawi zonse samazindikira chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi masamba. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo poti centipedes akuterera mizu, pamakhala timiyendo tomwe timakhala mumdima pakapita nthawi.
Ngati alipo ambiri a iwo, ndiye kuti chomera chija chiuma. Nthawi zina amawononga ma sitiroberi - osati tchire lokha, koma zipatso, pomwe mbali zake zimatchera mbedza mpaka kusiya masamba. Amakonda kuthyola zingwe mu zukini, vwende, mbatata, beets, tomato ndi kaloti.