Nsomba za mwezi zimatha kutalika mpaka 3 metres ndipo zimalemera ma kilogalamu 1410. Ku Atlantic gawo la USA, chimphona chenicheni chinajambulidwa, chomwe kutalika kwa thupi lake chinafika 5.5 metres.
Nsomba zamwezi zimakhala ndi thupi lalifupi, lokakamizidwa mmbali, mawonekedwe awa ndi ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a diski.
Mwa njira, mchilatini dzinali limamveka ngati "Mola", lomwe limatanthauzira ngati "mphero". Nsombayi ili ndi khungu loyera lomwe limakhala ndi ma tubercles ang'onoang'ono.
Moonfish (Mola mola).
Makulu ndi achinyamata a nsomba zam'mwezi amasambira ngati nsomba zonse, koma zitsanzo zokhwima zimakonda kugona pambali pa madzi nthawi yambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, amasuntha pang'onopang'ono zipsepse ndi ma anal, ndipo nthawi zina amatuluka pamwamba pamadzi. Koma pali lingaliro kuti machitidwe oterewa amapezeka mu nsomba zakale kapena zodwala, ndichifukwa chake zimakhala zosavuta kuzigwira.
Moonfish ndi cholengedwa chokhala.
Mwambiri, nsomba za mwezi sizisambira bwino, sizingamenye nkhondo ndimphamvu yamphamvu. Nthawi zina kuchokera mchombo mungathe kuwona momwe zimphona izi zimasinthira pang'onopang'ono pamafunde ndikusambira kupita komwe zimakokedwa ndi madzi.
Nsomba za mwezi nthawi zambiri zimayenda ndi kutuluka.
Zakudya za nsomba za mwezi zimakhala zooplankton. Kuphatikiza apo, akhwangwala ang'onoang'ono, agologolo ang'ono, ctenophores, mphutsi za eels ndi jellyfish atenga gawo lawo. Ndikotheka kuti toyesa zazikulu zimatha kumira.
Nyama zam'madzi zimadya nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi.
Nsomba za Luna zimatha kubereka bwino. Wamkazi mmodzi amatha kuyikira mazira 300 miliyoni. Caviar wawo ndi pelagic. Kuchulukana kumachitika m'madzi otentha a nyanja zam'madzi za Indian, Pacific ndi Atlantic. Nthawi zina akuluakulu amatengeka ndi njira yachikondi, motero amagwera m'madzi ofunda. Kumpoto kwa Atlantic, amatha kupezeka ku Iceland, Newfoundland ndi UK. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala kumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Baltic komanso m'mphepete mwa Norway. M'chilimwe, amatha kupezeka kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Japan. Komanso nthawi yachilimwe, amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi zilumba zakumwera kwa Great Kuril Ridge.
Moonfish mu aquarium.
Nsomba za Luna ndi cholengedwa chopanda vuto lililonse, ngakhale mitundu yayikulu kwambiri siyowopsa kwa anthu. Koma, ngakhale izi zili choncho, okhala m'derali ku gombe la South Africa amamuopa kwambiri. Amakhulupilira kuti nsomba iyi ndi njira yokhotakhota yamavuto, chifukwa chake, atakumana ndi iye, abwerera kumtunda. Mwinanso, pafupi ndi gombe, mwezi wam'madzi umangokumana ndi nyengo zoyipa, motero asodzi akudziwa kuti namondwe angayambe, osakonda kuyiyika pachiswe.
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Maonekedwe odabwitsa
Chodabwitsa kwambiri chokhudza nsomba yayikuluyi ndi kusowa kwa ndalama zowoneka bwino. Zikuwoneka kuti chidacho chidadulidwa thupi lake. M'malo mwake, onse oimilira mwezi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe, kumbuyo kwa msana, ndipo ndi mchirawo, ukuwonongeka. Pamalo ano, amakhala ndi mbale ya cartilaginous yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati oar, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi zidutswa za zipsepse za Caudal ndi dorsal. Chifukwa cha thupi lalifupi ili, pali dzina lina - nsomba-mutu.
Zojambula zina:
- Thupi lalitali, lowoneka bwino pambuyo pake ndi thupi lalifupi lili ngati disc.
- Ma dorsal fin ndi okwera kwambiri ndikukankhira kumbuyo.
- Ma anal fin amakhala ngati ma dorsal (opezeka pansi pake) ndipo pafupifupi amafanana.
- Palibe zipsepse zamkati, koma zipsepse zamtengo wapatali ndizochepa.
- Maso ndi okulirapo, ndipo kamwa ndi laling'ono kwambiri, lofanana ndi mlomo wa parrot.
- Mtundu ukhoza kusintha kutengera malo okhala kuchokera bulauni mpaka siliva-imvi, nthawi zina amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola.
Mutha kuwona zodabwitsa izi mu chithunzi cha nsomba zamwezi.
Chochititsa chidwi: ngati chowombera chomwe chimasintha mtundu pamene maziko ozungulira asintha, mwezi pa nthawi yowopsa umathanso kusintha mtundu wake.
Kufanana ndi ma pufferfish ena
Nsomba ya mwezi, m'malo ake momwe amapangidwira, imakhudzana ndi nsomba ya hedgehog, chifukwa onsewa ndi a dongosolo la olembetsedwa, koma m'mabanja osiyanasiyana. Amapangidwanso chimodzimodzi ndi mawonekedwe:
- Mipira siyimakutidwa ndi zokutira. Pamaso pa zipsepse zamkati, malo otseguka pang'ono - gill slits - akuwonekera bwino.
- Palibe mano pa nsagwada, zonsezo zimaphatikizidwa m'mbale ziwiri zopitilira enamel: imodzi ili pachiwono, yachiwiri kumtunda. (Oimira ena omwe amapezeka ndi pufferfish ali ndi anayi, mwachitsanzo, mu nsomba za agalu).
- Palibe miyeso pakhungu.
Khungu la mwezi limakhala kutetezedwa kwa zilombo ndi asodzi
Mutu wa nsomba zachilendowu umakhala ndi khungu lapadera. Monga abale onse a gulu la pufferfish, ilibe mamba, koma khungu palokha limakhala loyipa komanso lakuda, lomwe limakutidwa pamwamba ndi makande amtundu wa mucous. Poyang'ana koyamba, zitha kuwoneka kuti thupi lozungulira komanso lathyathyathya la mwezi limakhala langozi kwambiri chifukwa cha khungu. Koma chilengedwe chimasamalira chitetezo chake, kupatsanso khungu zofunikira zina:
- Udindo wama sikelo umaseweredwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timakhala pamwamba pakhungu.
- Mwachindunji pansi pa khungu ndi gawo lalikulu lamphamvu la cartilage. Makulidwe ake amachokera masentimita 5 mpaka 7.5.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amtunduwu, nsomba - mwezi umatetezedwa molimbika ku zisoti za asodzi: ndizovuta kwambiri kudutsa chitetezo champhamvu chotere. Kansalu kamene kamagwedezeka kamatulutsa thupi la nsomba ya mwezi kapena kumatsamira mbali yotsanzikana ndi thupi lake.
Mbawala (shaki ndi anamgumi opha) ndi adani oopsa a nsomba zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono. Atalumidwa ndi zipsepse, ndipo mwakutero amalimbitsa thupi mweziwo, amayamba kubvula thupi lake. Koma ngakhale shaki zimachita bwino poyeserera: zimawavuta kuluma kudzera pakhungu lakuda.
Kukula, kulemera ndi mawonekedwe ena
Nsomba yayikulu mwezi uli ndi kukula kopambana, kutalika kutalika mpaka mamita atatu kapena kupitirira.
- Kuchokera ku Guinness Book of Record, zambiri zimadziwika zokhudzana ndi munthu yemwe adagumanika kugombe la Australia (m'dera la mzinda wa Sydney, Seputembara 1908). Kutalika kwake kunali masentimita 310, ndi kutalika (kuchokera kumlingo wa kumapeto kwa dorsal mpaka gawo la anal) - masentimita 426. Kulemera kwa thupi pamwambowu kunali zoposa matani 2 (2235 kilogalamu).
- Buku la "Animal Life" limatchulanso za kukula kwakukuru kwa nsomba zam'madzi: fanizoli lidagwidwa pafupi ndi gombe la Atlantic kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa USA ku New Hampshire, koma kutalika kwake kudali masentimita 550, koma kulemera kwake kudali chinsinsi. Kukula kwakukulu kuli pafupifupi mamita awiri kutalika kwa awiri ndi theka (kutalika - mtunda pakati pamapeto a zipsepse).
Nsomba yam'mutu imadziwika kuti ndi yotopetsa kwambiri kuposa mafupa ake onse, omwe pano amatchedwa sayansi. Zida zomverera za mzere wotsatira sizikupezeka, ndipo palibe chikhodzodzo.
Khalidwe, kuyenda ndi zakudya
Nsomba zikuluzikuluzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha, mabanja ndi osowa. Ndipo gululi limatha kuwoneka pokhapokha moyeretsa nsomba, zomwe zimachotsa tiziromboti mthupi lawo.
Mukayang'ana chithunzi cha nsomba ya mwezi, zimamveka bwino chifukwa chake zimamuvuta kuti asunge thupi lake m'madzi: ndi lathyathyathya ndipo kulibe mchira wabwinobwino.
Nsomba zam'mutu zimasambira pogwiritsa ntchito zipsepse ndi ziphuphu, ndikuzisuntha ngati nkhumba. Kusintha mawonekedwe a zipsepse izi kumawathandiza kuyendetsa pang'ono pang'ono pakuyenda (ngati mapiko mu mbalame). Mawere amakhala ngati olimbitsa poyenda.
Kodi nsomba yayikulu imasinthana bwanji posambira? Kuti atembenuke, amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yogwira mtima: kumasula mtsinje wamadzi kuchokera m'matimu kapena pakamwa, iye amayenda mbali ina.
Mola mola amakhala nthawi yambiri atagona mbali yake m'mphepete mwa madzi. Amadziwika kuti anali osambira osavomerezeka, osatha kupirira magetsi olimba, ndipo anali pamndandanda wa macroplankton oyenda panyanja. Koma pakupenda mosamala kwawonetsedwa kuti munthu amtunduwu amatha kuthamanga pafupifupi makilomita atatu pa ola limodzi, ndipo amatha kusambira mtunda wa makilomita 26 patsiku.
Kukhazikika kwa mwezi
Nsomba zodziwika mwezi zimakhala m'nyanja zonse, kupatula ku Arctic. Amakonda madzi otentha komanso otentha.
Anthu omwe amakhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana (Kumpoto ndi Kummwera) amasiyana pang'ono pamlingo wamtundu.
Mtunduwu ndi pelagic ndipo umakonda magawo akuya am'madzi: malire otsika ndikugawa kwawo ndi akuya mamita 844. Nthawi zambiri, akuluakulu amapezeka akuzama kupitirira 200 metres. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wina zikuwonetsa kuti amathera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nthawi yawo m'madzi (osazama kwambiri kuposa mita 10).
Kutentha kwamadzi kokwanira
Nsomba zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo omwe kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala kuposa madigiri 10. Ngati mungokhala m'madzi ozizira kwa nthawi yayitali, amatha kutaya malo mlengalenga kapenanso kufa. Nsomba zadzuwa nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka zili kumbali yake pambali yamadzi, pomwe zipsepse zake zimatha kuwonekera pamwamba pamadzi. Palibe tanthauzo lenileni la khalidweli lidapezeka. Pali mitundu iwiri:
- Anthu omwe adawuka pamwamba akudwala kapena kufa. Nthawi zambiri amatha kugwidwa mosavuta, ndipo m'mimba mwawo mulibe kanthu.
- Asanalowe m'madzi akuya kwambiri (ozizira kuposa pamwamba), nthumwi zonse zamtunduwu zimachita izi, zimawotha matupi awo mwanjira iyi ndikukonzekera kumiza.
Kodi amadya bwanji?
Nsomba za mwezi zimadya mosangalatsa kwambiri. Satha kugwira nyama yake, chifukwa imalephera kuthamanga. Chifukwa chake, imayamwa m'madzi ndi mkamwa mwake ndi zonse zomwe zili mumtsinje uno wamadzi. Maziko a chakudya chake amapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zooplankton, kuphatikizapo mchere, jellyfish ndi ctenophores.
Nthawi zina zotsalira za algae, starfish, crustaceans, masiponji, mphutsi za eel ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono zimapezeka m'migawo ya nyama yogwidwa yoyerekeza zamtunduwu. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuti amadya m'magawo osiyanasiyana a madzi: pansi ndi pansi.
Pali mafotokozedwe achikhalidwe chosangalatsa cha nsomba zam'mwezi zikagwirira pa mackerel. Atazindikira gulu la mackerel, imathamanga (momwe ingathere ndi thupi lake lambiri) ndipo ndi mphamvu yayikulu imagwera pansi pamadzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumakhumudwitsa wolakwirayo, ndipo ma mackerel amagwiranso ntchito kwa osaka. Koma izi ndi zochitika zapadera.
Wodzetsa mavuto?
Ngakhale anthu akuluakulu a nsomba zamadzuwa satha kuvulaza akakumana ndi munthu. Komabe, m'malo ambiri pagombe la South Africa, asodzi amakhala ndi mantha achinyengo akakumana ndi nsomba ili pagombe m'madzi osaya. Zikakhala zoterezi, ali othamanga kubwerera ku gombe, poganiza kuti msonkhano uno ndi tsoka lalikulu.
Nthawi zambiri mwezi umayamba kubwera m'mphepete mwa nyanja nyengo yam'masiku akuipa.
Vuto lachiwiri, momwe nsomba izi zitha kuwonekera pamwamba pa madzi, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyeretsa matupi ake. Ena mwa iwo amachotsedwa ndi oyeretsa nsomba. Kuti tichotse zamoyo zomwe zimakhala mosatekeseka kwambiri pamtunda, mwezi umakwera pamwamba ndikuwonetsa zipsepse ndi ziwalo za thupi pamwamba pa madzi, kulola mbalame za mbalame zam'madzi kuti zizidye.