Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Nyamayi imakhala yayikulu kukula, pang'ono pang'ono kuposa kite yakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi 61-72 masentimita, kulemera kwa 800-100 200 g, mapiko a 140-195 cm. Amuna ndi akazi kwenikweni samasiyana mtundu ndi kukula. Zowonjezera zili zofanana ndi kite yakuda, koma yocheperako komanso yayitali. Tenderloin imapangidwa bwino kuposa kite wakuda.

Kufotokozera. Utoto wambiri ndi utoto, dzimbiri, mchira wake pamwamba umawoneka ngati wofanana komanso wowala - ofiira, pansi ndiwowoneka bwino. Mutu ndiwopepuka kuposa thupi, nthawi zambiri wopepuka wa imvi kapena beige, mitsitsi yakuda pamutu ndi thupi imawoneka yosiyana kwambiri ndi kite yakuda. Chiwunda, chamlomo komanso cham'mimba m'miyendo - ngati nkhanu yakuda, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi achikasu owala.

Mtundu wa kuthawa uli ngati nkhusu yakuda, foloko imawonekera ngakhale mchira wake utakulitsidwa. Kuwala kwa mchira kumasiyana pakati pa mbalame zachikulire zomwe zili ndi bulangeti lofiirira. Nthenga za mapiko oyambira pansi zimakhala zazikulu "," zowoneka bwino, kusiyanasiyana ndi "zala" zakuda, nthenga zam'munsi zophimba ndi nthenga za mapiko achiwiri. Pamwamba pa mapiko, bwino kuposa amphaka wakuda, zowunikira zagirini zimapangidwa, zimapangidwa ndi nthenga zobisika za nthenga zamphongo zachiwiri.

Anthu ena akum'mawa kwa kite wakuda, molingana ndi mitundu yosiyanitsa, amafika ku kite yofiyira, koma magulu a mbalamezi adagawanikana padera. Wachichepere amasiyana ndi wamkulu pakuwala pang'ono komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa maula, kusayenda bwino kwa matupi opanda dzimbiri ndi ofiira, ndi foloko yopanda tanthauzo. Kumbuyo ndi mapiko pamakhala njira yochepetsetsa ya nthenga. Utawaleza ndi wachikasu, nthenga ndi miyendo yakeyera chikaso.

Ndikosavuta kusokoneza kite yofiyira yaying'ono ndi kite wakuda wamkulu. Mutha kusiyanitsa ndi yotsiriza ndi mapiko osiyanitsa, foloko yamatalala yopanda tanthauzo, kusiyana kosiyana pakati pa dongo lofiirira komanso kutsika kwa mchira. Ndizosiyana ndi mbalame zonse zodya nyama m'dera lathu, kuphatikiza ndi kite yakuda, mchira womangidwa mwamphamvu wokhala ndi malekezero akutsogolo a nthenga zakumaso.

Voterani. Melodious "pew lu"kapena"pyuu-li"Ndi nkhawa"piuu-pi-pi-pi". Zizindikiro izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kulira kwa akiti akuda, koma ndizofanana ndi kulira kwa buzzard.

Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Kugawidwa ku Europe kuchokera kumadzulo kwa Great Britain ndi kumwera kwa Scandinavia kupita ku zipi za Iberian, Apennine ndi Balkan, ku Eastern Europe kumakhala kovuta. Pali malo osungira chisa ku Morocco ndi ku zilumba za Cape Verde. Anthu akum'mawa nthawi yozizira ku Western Europe ndi kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean, masikono akumadzulo. Ku Russia Russia - mtundu wamitundu yotetezeka kwambiri pamtunda wakummawa wa masanjidwewo, umaphatikizidwa ndi Red Book of Russia. Chiwerengero chikuchepera. Pa ntchentche mmbuyomu tinakumana ku Caucasus.

Moyo. Imakonda nkhalango zowirira komanso malo owoneka bwino okhala ndi mipanda. Sipanga nesting ndi masango a chakudya ofanana ndi a kite wakuda. Imadyera zovalazo ndi nyama zokulirapo zapakatikati, makamaka makoswe, mbalame za mbalame, amphibians. Mawonekedwe a nesting - ngati kite wakuda, anapiye ocheperako amakhala ofiira kuposa omwe amatchulidwa. Kufika kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, kumawuluka mu Ogasiti kapena Seputembala.

ZONSE ZABWINO

M'malo ambiri, ma kites ofiira amasungidwa pafupi ndi malo owaza, komwe amapezeka nthawi zonse. Ndi chiwonongeko chachilengedwe cha mbalamezi, zizisintha mwanjira zina.

Masiku ano, m'malo mwa zakudya wamba zawo - zolengedwa zazing'ono, ma invertebrates, repitles ndi nsomba - mbalame zinayamba kudya zotsalira za chakudya cha anthu komanso zinyalala zina. Nthawi zina nkhanu zofiira zimadyera mbalame zazikulu. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, makamaka nyengo yozizira, amadya nyama zakufa ndi nyama zina zamnkhalango. Kite imawuluka mokongola ndipo imatha kuwuluka kwa nthawi yayitali mlengalenga. Kuchokera kutalika 20-30 m, kite ikufunafuna nyama. Atamuwona, nthawi yomweyo amathamangira pansi ndikugwira wovulalayo ndi zala zake zakuthwa. Pakuwukira, nkhwangwa yofiira mwina singagwire pansi, koma, ikagwira nyama, nthawi yomweyo imawulukira kumwamba. Kite imakhala ndi zofowoka zazing'ono komanso zofowoka, kotero zimadyetsa makamaka zovunda. Komabe, ziboda zake ndi zakuthwa kwambiri kupha nyama yaing'ono.

LIFESTYLE

Kite ndi mbalame yaying'ono-yayikulu, ngakhale ndiyokwera komanso yokongola kwambiri. Zowonjezera zake zapamwamba zimakhala zofiirira, mutu umayera. Thupi lotsika limakhala lofiirira, lalitali. Kuuluka, kite yofiyira imadziwika mosavuta ndi mapiko oyenda komanso opindika pang'ono, komanso mchira wautali. Pansanja yamapiko pali zoyera zazikulu zomwe zimasiyana ndi nthenga zakuda. Pafupi ndi apo mutha kuwona imvi yopepuka yokhala ndi mawanga mutu ndi chingwe chowala kumtunda kwa mapiko. Akazi amuna ndi akazi ali ndi khungu lofananalo. Kite, yemwe amakhala kumwera kwa England ndi kumwera kwa Sweden, amakhala moyo wongokhala. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Central Europe ndizosamukasamuka. Amakhala nyengo yachisanu kum'mwera kwa France, Spain ndi Portugal. Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, ma keki ofiira amayenda ulendo wobwerera ku malo odyera. M'nyengo yozizira, ma kites ofiira amaphatikizidwa pagulu. Onsewa amawuluka kukafunafuna chakudya ndi kugona limodzi.

Kufalitsa

Kukwatirana k red kumachitika kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo. Ndege zosasangalatsa za mbalame ndizovuta. Choyamba, nkhanu zofiira zimazungulira pamwamba pa chisa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala pamtengo chomwe chimamera m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi. Kenako champhongo ndi chachikazi chimagundika zoluka zawo ndikugwada pansi mwachangu. Kufalikira mapiko, ndikuuluka amapanga nthawi zina ndi zina. Pamaso pa korona zamitengo, mbalame zimakulanso, ndipo miyambo yonse imabwerezedwa kuyambira pachiyambi. Mbalamezi zimamanga chisa, chomwe chimatha kukhala mita imodzi, mulifupi. Nthawi zambiri imakhazikika pamwamba pa korona wa mtengo. Yaikazi imalowetsa mazira, ndipo nthawi ina yamphongo imasinthira chisa. Mtundu wa anapiyewo umachokera ku kirimu mpaka bulauni. Pafupifupi masiku 50 atachotsedwa anapiyewo atachoka pachisa.

Kufalitsa

Zoweta ku Scandinavia, Central ndi Southern Europe, Caucasus, Asia Little, kumpoto kwa Iran, Africa kuchokera pagombe la Strait of Gibraltar, Canary Islands ndi Cape Verde Islands. Gawo la Russia limapezeka awiriawiri m'chigawo cha Kaliningrad, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa dera la Pskov komanso mwina pagombe lakuda la Caucasus. Mbalame zazikazi zam'chigawo chakumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa masoka achilengedwe (Sweden, Poland, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) ndizosamukasamuka, zimasamukira kumwera ndi kumadzulo nthawi yozizira, makamaka kumadera a Mediterranean. Kummwera chakumadzulo kwa mitundu, mbalame zimakhala.

M'zaka za XX, anthu onse amtunduwu adagwa kwambiri, ndipo kuyambira 1970 mpaka 1990 chiwerengero chidatsika ndi 20%. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwambiri kwa ziwerengerozi, komwe kukupitirirabe mpaka pano ku South-Western ndi Eastern Europe, kumatchedwa chizunzo cha anthu (kuwombera, kusankha mazira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zakupha poizoni), komanso kuchepa kwa mtundu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachuma kwa malo oyenera kubzala. Komabe, kuchuluka pakati komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe kwawonetsa posachedwa zizindikiro.

Imakonda nkhalango zachikale zosakanikirana ndi malo osakanikirana ndi malo azikhalidwe. Ku Spain, komwe pafupifupi 22% ya zisa za ku Europe ndi malo osungira nthawi yachisanu ambiri, mbalame zimakonda malo olima kwambiri, osakwezeka m'mapiri. Pewani chinyezi kwambiri kapena chinyezi.

Kuswana

Ana oyamba amawonekera ali ndi zaka 2-4. Kites ndi ogwidwa. Monga lamulo, nthenga zimakhalabe moyo wonse, ngakhale zimakhala nthawi yotalikirana ndi inzake kunja kwa nthawi yoswana. Amakhulupirira kuti kukonzanso pachaka sikubwera chifukwa chokondana, koma chifukwa choti mbalamezo zimasamala za malo ogona ndipo chaka chilichonse zimabwerera komwe zidakhala kale. Mbalame zazing'ono zimayesetsa kukonzekeretsa chisa chawo choyamba m'dera lomwelo lomwe adadzibalitsa.

Kuyenda ndi kumanga chisa kumayambira mu Marichi, masabata awiri chisanachitike dzira. Ana ang'onoang'ono, kusamba koyamba, izi zimachitika patapita nthawi, kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Zimachitika kuti nthawi yachisanu yozizira mbalame zopanda nzeru zimayamba kutolera zomangamanga mu Januware, koma kuyesayesa koteroko kumatha. M'masewera akukhwima, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimawulukira mothamanga ndi kuthamanga ndi kulowera mbali yomaliza, nthawi zina ndikumagwirana wina ndi mzake. Nthawi zina amatha kuyeserera nkhondo wina ndi mnzake, kulumikizana mwachangu mlengalenga, kufikira atatsika nthambi zamitengo.

Chidacho chimapangidwa mumphanda mumtengo, nthawi zambiri mitengo yamtengo wapatali, linden kapena pine, pamtunda wamtunda wa 12-20 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka. Nthawi zina m'malo momanga, zisa zakale kapena za akhwangwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (Corvus corax) Chisa chomwechi chimakhala zaka zingapo. Zomangira zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthambi zouma zomwe zimamangiriza pamodzi ndi udzu kapena zomera zina. Masiku awiri musanakhale zomangamanga, chisa chimakutidwa ndi ubweya wa nkhosa.

Kuyika mazira kumachitika m'mwezi wa Epulo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mazira oyera (omwe ndi 4) kawirikawiri. Mazira amaikidwa motsatizana masiku atatu aliwonse. Ngati pazifukwa zina mazira (koma osati anapiye) adataika, wamkazi amatha kuyambiranso kunyengako. Mwana m'modzi yekha amabadwa pachaka. Nthawi yochotsa dzira ndi masiku 31-32 pa dzira lililonse, kapena masiku 37 38 okwanira mazira atatu. Yachikazi yokha yomwe imadzitsekereza, yamphongo nthawi imeneyi imamupatsa chakudya. Nthawi zina, wamkazi amatuluka chisa mumphindi zingapo, nasiya osasamalidwa. Anapiye akuda amawoneka mosiyanasiyana, mu dongosolo la kuyikira mazira. Pambuyo pa kubereka, masabata awiri oyambilira wamkazi amakhalabe ndi anapiye mu chisa, pomwe amphongo amapeza zakudya. Pambuyo pake, njirayo imawulukiranso. Nkhuku zimachita nkhanza kwa wina ndi mzake, ngakhale izi sizipangitsa kuti zibwere. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa nesting kumadalira zinthu zambiri, monga nyengo, kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi nkhawa zomwe anthu angakhale nazo, komanso kuchuluka kwa anapiye pafupifupi 1.34 pachikwama chilichonse.

Nthawi yomwe anapiyewo amayamba kuwuluka zimatengera kukula kwa ana komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya. Pambuyo masiku pafupifupi 45, amayamba kusamukira kunthambi zoyandikana, ndipo kuthawa kwawo koyamba, monga lamulo, kumachitika osati kale kuposa masiku 48-50, ndipo nthawi zina pambuyo pa masiku 60-70. Poyimirira kumapiko, anapiyewo amakhalabe ndi makolo awo kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu.

RED KITCHEN NDI MAN

Red kite zisa ku Europe ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Mayeso ambiri adagwera pamathero a kite ofiira. M'zaka za XVI-XVII. iye anali wankhanza wamba. Komabe, kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kite yofiira idatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa kwathunthu ndi osaka ndi osonkhetsa nyama zokhazikitsidwa ndi mbalame. Pambuyo pake, idawonongedwa ku Scotland. Ku Britain, ma kite ofiira adayamba kuteteza mu 1903. Pakadali pano, mbalame zosachepera khumi mwa mbalamezi zidapulumuka ku Wales.

Moyo

Ngakhale kuti ma kite ofiira ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri, sikuti imakhala yolusa kwambiri komanso si yolimba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama (monga buzzards). Pikusaka, imayenda pamtunda wotsika, ndikuyang'ana masewera ang'ono. Poona womenyedwayo, amagwa pansi ndi mwala ndikuugwira ndi zofunda zake zakuthwa. Imakonda nyama zazing'ono, mbalame, nyama zam'mlengalenga, zokwawa, zonyansa. Nthawi zina amadyedwa ndi zovunda, makamaka mabwinja a nkhosa. Tazindikira kuti nyama yakugwa, imadikira pang'ono mpaka mbalame zamphamvu kwambiri, monga njoka kapena akhwangwala, zadzaza.

KITCHEN OBSERVATIONS

Kite yofiirayi imawonekera pamalo otseguka: minda yomwe ili ndi mitengo kapena m'mphepete. Ku Central Europe, mbalame yamtunduwu imatha kupezeka m'malo a mapiri, pomwe mafunde amphamvu kwambiri amapangika pakati pa malo otsetsereka, omwe amakweza kite m'mwamba ndikuyilola kuti iuluke kwa nthawi yayitali. Mbalame yokongola iyi imamanga zisa m'nkhalango zachikale zosakanizika bwino. Zimangodalira madzi kuposa kite wakuda. Ndiosavuta kuwononga kite nthawi ya nesting. Chifukwa chake, panthawiyi, anthu azitsatira njira zina zamtchire kuti asawope mbalame zomwe zimamanga zisa zawo. Pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwambiri koti ma cook ofiira owopa akasiya chithaphwi ndi kusabwereranso ku chisa. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amakhulupirira kuti masiku ano ku Germany pafupifupi ma bulu 4400 a ma kites ofiira, ku Poland - awiriawiri, ku Switzerland - awiriawiri. Ku Netherlands ndi ku Belgium kulibe pafupifupi ma kites ofiira.

DZIWANI IZI:

• Munthawi ya W. Shakespeare, ma kitesti ofiira anali "otambala" ambiri pakati pa mbalame zonse zomwe zimapezeka ku London. Panali ambiri a iwo mkati mwa mzindawo mwakuti ma kites amakopa chidwi cha alendo a likulu. Kosewera "Zachisanu Zisanu Zachisanu" kumanena kuti nkhanu zimaba nsalu ku zingwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito popanga zisa.
• Red Kite amagwiritsa ntchito luso lake kuuluka mwaluso kuti abweretse nyama zina kuchokera kwa mbalame zina (akhwangwala ndi akhwangwala). Nthawi zina, amakwanitsa kubera nyama zina zolusa: nsikidzi, zakuba ndi zabodza za peregrine. Ngati mphaka wofiira akakumana ndi nyama yomwe imadya nyama yake, imayang'ana mayendedwe ake onse mlengalenga ndikuthamangitsa mpaka itatulutsa nyamayo. Pambuyo podikirira mphindi iyi, kite wofiyayo mwachangu agwira nyama nathamangira nayo kugahena.
• Nthawi yotsiriza kite yofiira idawoneka ku London mu 1859.
• Kiti yofiyira imakhala nthawi yambiri masana pansi. Pothawa, amayang'ana pansi agwidwe.

NKHANI ZOSAVUTA ZA RED KITCHEN

Nthenga: zala zazitali zazing'ambika pakati, kupangitsa kuti kuthawa kuzikhala kosavuta.

Mapiko: yayitali, yopapatiza komanso yopindika pang'ono kumbuyo. Kutsogolo kwa mapikowo ndi mgoza, wokhala ndi masamba oyera oyera pamaso pa nsonga zakuda za nthenga zawo zam'munsi.

Maso: ma kite ofiira ali ndi masomphenya abwino kwambiri. Imakhala yakuthwa kwambiri kuposa anthu.

Mlomo: wowongoka ndi wakuthwa. Mothandizidwa ndi mbalameyi, mbalamezi zimang'amba zonse ziwiriziwiri ndi nyama zovunda.

Zopanda: chaching'ono koma chakuthwa kwambiri.

Mchira: lalitali, lokhala ndi notch lakuya, motero "foloko" ikuwonekera bwino. Imakhala yokhazikika komanso ngati chowongolera pakuuluka.

Mazira: yoyera yokhala ndi mawanga ofiira, nthawi zambiri pamakhala chisa chimodzi, komabe, pakhoza kukhala 1 kapena 4.

- Kusintha kwa Red Kite

Komwe RED KITCH AMAKHALA

Imapezeka pafupifupi ku Europe, makamaka ku France ndi Spain. M'madera ambiri akumwera kwa Europe, chiwerengero cha ma kite ofiira chatsika kapena mtunduwo watsala pang'ono kutheratu.

KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA

Chiwerengero cha ma kites ofiira ku Central Europe ndi chokhazikika. Mtunduwu umawopsezedwa ndikutha, chifukwa m'malo ambiri amaloledwa ndi kite yakuda. Kiti yofiyira yalembedwa mu Red Book.

05.07.2014

Red Kite (Latin Milvus milvus) ndi mbalame yolusa yochokera kubanja la Anawuni (Accipitridae) ya Falconiformes. Opitilira 60% aanthu amakhala ku Central Europe.

Kalelo m'zaka za zana la XVIII, ma kites ofiira adakhazikika m'mizinda yayikulu ku Europe, m'misewu yomwe, chifukwa chamakhalidwe oyipa, nthawi zonse pamakhala kugwa. Mbalame zolimbikira zimayesetsa kugwira ntchito zam'tsogolo, kupewa mliri.

Kuphatikiza ku Europe, mbalamezi zimakhala ku North Africa, madera akumadzulo kwa Asia, Islands Canary ndi Cape Verde Islands. Chiwerengero chawo kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi chinayamba kuchepa mwachangu, koma chifukwa cha njira zomwe zatetezedwa kuteteza mtunduwu, tsopano zachuluka ndipo zayamba kukula.

Zizindikiro zakunja

Kiti yofiyira ndi mbalame yolimba pakatikati, kutalika kwake kumakhala 70 cm, mapiko ndi 1.75-2 m, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 1.4 kg. Mtundu wa kuchuluka kwa nyama zodyerazi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Mutu wawo ndi wa imvi, ndipo thupi lawo limakhala lofiirira komanso mikwingwirima yayitali pansipa. Zina mwa nthenga za mapiko ndizoyera pakati ndi zakuda kumapeto. Nthenga zomwe zimawatsata ndi imvi zakuda. Zachikazi ndi zazimuna zimakhala ndi "chovala" chofananira ndipo kunja ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa. Mu kite yofiyira, mphako wopangidwa ndi V pamchira ndikuwoneka bwino, pomwe ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mtundu womwewo - nkhanu yakuda.

Khalidwe

Masana, nkhanu zimayendayenda mlengalenga, kufunafuna nyama. Nthawi zambiri amakonzekera kuthambo, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi amlengalenga. Mapiko awo akuuluka akutseguka. Mbalame nthawi zina zimawombera mapiko awo ndipo nthawi zina zimagudubuzika mbali ndi mbali kuti zizitha kuwona nyama pansi.

Majika akuthwa nthawi yomweyo amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mchira, womwe umakhala ngati chiwongolero chabwino. Kuona nyama, nyama yolusa imapukusa mapiko ake ndikugwa pansi ndi mwala. Makoswe ndi mbalame zazing'ono, komanso zovomerezeka, zimakhala chakudya chake. Mitembo ya nkhosa ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri kwa ma kites ofiira.

Kunja kwa nthawi yoswana, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimasonkhana kuti zizipeza chakudya pamodzi. Ambiri a iwo ankazika mizu m'matawuni, komwe anaphunzira kupeza zinyalala za chakudya ndikusaka makoswe ndi mbewa zosaneneka. Anthu oterewa, atapeza chakudya chopanda malire, ngakhale kusiya nthawi yawo yonse yosamukasamuka, mpaka nyengo yozizira m'malo osungira.

Usiku, mbalame zimapuma pa nthambi za mitengo yokhayokha kapena pazinthu zazing'ono pakati paminda. Kukakhala kuzizira kwambiri komanso nyengo yoipa, amakonda kubisala m'malo obisalirapo.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu kumafika masentimita 70. Amalemera kuchokera ku 750 g mpaka 1 makilogalamu ndi mapiko a 155-185 cm. Brown kumbuyo. Mimba amakhala ofiira komanso amtundu wautali wautali.

Mchirawo ndi wautali ndi notch wozama pamwamba, pamwamba pamtunda, komanso wonyezimira m'maso. Mutu umakutidwa ndi nthenga zazifupi zakuwala. Maso ake ndi achikasu. Mlomo wake ndi wachikasu, ndi nsonga yakuda. Miyendo yachikasu, yokutidwa ndi "panties" ya bulauni isanachitike. Zala zakumapeto zimatha ndi zibwano zamphamvu komanso zowongoka. Zala zitatu zalunjikitsidwa kutsogolo, ndipo kumbuyo kwachinayi.

Kutalika kwa moyo kuthengo ndi zaka pafupifupi 26. Ma kites ofiira amatenga nthawi yomweyo kupita ku ukapolo ndipo mosamala amatha kukhala ndi zaka 38.

Chochititsa chidwi

Kite yofiyira ndiyosavuta kuyisintha. Poyamba, atagwidwa, amakhala ngati amwalira. Komabe, pozindikira kuti machenjerero ake adalephera, adasiya ntchito yosalephera. Kuuluka, ma bati amatha kupanga magulu akulu, omwe mwa iwo okha sakonda mbalame zodyedwa. Malinga ndi katswiri wazamoyo Adrian Ebisher, chifukwa cha mapiko akuluakulu, ma kites ofiira amafa m'mawaya amphamvu kwambiri. Kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 22 ma kites omwe afa chifukwa cha mafamu amphepo amapezeka chaka chilichonse ku Germany.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Red Kite

Kiti yofiyira - Mbalame yayikulu yakudya, yomwe imatha "kuzimiratu" kumwamba kwa nthawi yayitali ikufunafuna nyama. Mbalame zimawuluka pamtunda wokwera, motero mitundu yam'banja la hawk ndiyovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa ndi diso lamaliseche. Ofufuza okha kapena akatswiri a zamankhwala ndi omwe amatha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi.

Amakhulupirira kuti mawu akuti kite ndi chithunzi cha dzina la mbalameyo, chomwe adachipereka kwa wolemba Russia komanso katswiri wazopeka ku Russia Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl mu 1882. Ngakhale pamenepo, adatcha mbalameyi krachun. Poyamba, wokhala ndi tsitsiyu analibe dzina lake ndipo amafanizidwa ndi anthu omwe amadya njoka, chifukwa nawonso amafanana ndi zakudya. Pakapita kanthawi, kite pomalizira pake inapatsidwa dzina.

Mwambiri, mbalameyi idakhala yotchuka kwambiri kapena pang'ono pang'ono m'zaka za zana la 17, pamene mitundu yambiri ya kite yofiira idakhazikika m'mizinda ya ku Europe. Panthawiyo, zinyalala zambiri zimapezeka m'misewu, chifukwa boma lonse silinayang'anire ntchito zaukhondo. Kiti yofiira imatsuka misewu mosamala, popeza carrion nthawi zambiri imamuthandiza.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Red Kite

Kiti yofiyira - mbalame yaying'ono yokhala ndi mapiko wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumangofika masentimita 70-72 okha, komanso kukula kwa masentimita ena 190. Mbalameyi imakhalanso yolemera osati kwambiri poyerekeza ndi banja lake la kambuku - pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi.

Chifukwa cha thupi lokongola, nthenga zazitali ndi mchira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika, kite yofiyira imatha kuchita zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri, ikukwera m'mwamba. Kumbuyo kwa mbalame, kumangochita ngati mtundu wa "kuwongolera".

Keke yofiyira imakhala ndimatupi ofiira owoneka bwino kwambiri onyansa amtundu wamtundu waimvi pachifuwa. Nthenga zomwe zili m'mapiko zimapaka utoto woyera, wakuda komanso wakuda. Mutu ndi khosi ndizotuwa. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mchira wautali, womwe nthawi zambiri imawerama ikauluka m'mwamba kwambiri. Maso a kite wofiyira amakhala ndi tsitsi la chikasu cha lalanje. Miyendo yake yapakidwa chikasu chowala, motero imatha kuwonekera kuchokera pansi ndi diso la munthu.

Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna samasiyana maonekedwe awo. Izi zimatchedwa kugonana dimorphism. Komanso, m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo wawo, maonekedwe a mankhwalawa amakhala am'maso kwambiri chifukwa cha anapiye. Mtundu wonyezimira mwachilengedwe umatha kusiyanasiyana, komabe, sunatchulidwe motero ngati mwa achikulire a mtunduwu.

Kodi kiti wofiira amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Red Kite

Kite yofiira imatha kupezeka m'malo athyathyathya komanso owoneka bwino. Motere, mbalameyi imakonda mitengo yayikulu pafupi ndi nkhalango zowuma kapena zosakanikirana. Posankha malo okhalamo, mtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiya mitundu yonyowa kwambiri kapena, m'malo mwake, madera ouma.

Gawo lalikulu la mitundu yofiira ya kite imakhala ku Central, Southern Europe komanso gombe la Africa. Ku Russia, mbalame imatha kupezeka kangapo. Anthu oterewa amatha kuwoneka kwinakwake kumadera a Kaliningrad kapena Pskov. Koma ku Europe, kumatha kupezeka kite yofiira, mwachitsanzo ku Scandinavia. Ku Africa, komwe amapezeka ku Strait of Gibraltar, ku Canary Islands kapena Cape Verde Islands.

Pali mitundu iwiri yokhazikika yosuntha komanso yokhazikika. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Russia, Sweden, Poland, Germany, Ukraine, Belarus zimasamukira. M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kudera lina lanyengo, kum'mwera, ku Mediterranean. Kites yomwe imakhala kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo nthawi yachisanu imakhala chisa chawo.

Kodi kofi wofiira amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Red Kite

Ngakhale kiyi yofiira imawonedwa ngati mbalame yayikulu, chilengedwe chake sichinapatse izi mwapadera. Ali ndi thupi labwino, koma mulibe minofu yambiri mkati mwake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yocheperako poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama, mwachitsanzo, khungubwe kapena phokoso lakuda.

Njira yosaka ili motere. Khungu lofiira limafalikira m'mlengalenga ndipo limazungulira. Kenako amayang'anitsitsa nyama yake, ndipo itazindikira, wogwirira amagwa kwambiri ndikuyesera kuigwira ndi zibowo zake zakuthwa.

Kiti yofiyira imakonda mbewa zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, mbewa, kuti ichite. Nthawi ndi nthawi, yemwe ali ndi tsitsi samasamala kudya tating'onoting'ono, zolengedwa zam'madzi, zokwawa komanso zonyowa. Monga tanena kale, kaiti wofiira ankakonda kudya zovalazo, koma ngakhale masiku ano akatswiri ambiri azamankhwala amaona mbalame podyerapo. Ngati mtunduwu waziwona chithunzi chomwe, mwachitsanzo, mbalame zina zodya nyama zodyedwa, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri zimadikirira m'mbali mwake ndikuwuluka kuti zigwiritse ntchito pomwe kulibe zolengedwa zina pafupi nazo.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Red Kite

Kiti yofiyira nthawi zina amazunza abale ake. Timalankhula makamaka za mbalame zomwe zimasamukira kumayiko ofunda nthawi yachisanu. Monga mbalame zina zonse, m'malo atsopano amafunika kukhazikika ndikupanga zisa zatsopano, koma si aliyense amene amapeza malo omwe amakhala. Pokhudzana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, nthawi zina amayenera kulimbana wina ndi mnzake.

Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri munthu amatha kuwona kuti kiti yofiira imakongoletsa chisa chake ndi chinthu chowala, mwachitsanzo, matumba apulasitiki kapena zinyalala zonyezimira. Zonsezi mbalame zimachita kuti zizindikire gawo lake.

Kite yofiyira, monga mitundu ina yonse yamatenda enieni, imakhala mbalame yaulesi kwambiri komanso yosawoneka bwino. Kuuluka, amachedwa kwambiri, koma ngakhale izi, mu nthawi yake yopuma, amakonda kukhala patali kwambiri kuchokera pamtunda wapansi kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mbalame imatha kuwuluka mumlengalenga kwa mphindi zoposa 15 yopanda mapiko amodzi.

Mtundu uwu wa hawk uli ndi malingaliro opatula. Amatha kusiyanitsa munthu wakudutsa wamba kuchokera kwa mlenje, chifukwa chake, munthawi zowopsa, kite yofiyira imabisala mosavuta pangozi.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Red Kite

Kubalanso kite yofiyira, ngati mbalame zambiri, kumayamba masika, mu Marichi kapena Epulo. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi, chimodzi mwazifukwa zokhulupirira choncho ndi chakuti kite yofiira imakonda kwambiri malo okhalamo, komwe iye mwini adabadwira kale. Mbalame zimakonda kupitilizabe kusankha malo omwewo ndi awiri awo nthawi iliyonse ya nesting.

Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimachita mwambo womwe umathandiza kusankha awiri. Kiti yofiyira ndiyonso ichinso. Yaimuna ndi yaikazi imawuluka mothamanga kwambiri koma pa nthawi yomaliza imachoka panjira. Nthawi zina amatha kuzungulira kwa nthawi yayitali, kukhudzana, kuchokera kumbali yomwe mungaganize kuti iyi ndi nkhondo.

Pambuyo pamasewera a mating, makolo amtsogolo akuchita nawo kukonza chisa, ndikusankha nthambi zazitali zamitengo yake, mpaka 12-20 mita. Choyidacho ndi nthambi zowuma, udzu, ndipo masiku angapo asanamange - zimakutidwa ndi ubweya wa nkhosa pamwamba. Nthawi zina amasankha zisa zotsalira kapena makungubwi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti masokosi amagwiritsidwa ntchito chinthu chomwecho nthawi zonse.

Mu clutch pali kuchokera mazira 1 mpaka 4, omwe amayera ndi mawonekedwe omwe amaimira madontho ofiira. Nthawi zambiri mwana m'modzi amaleredwa pachaka. Amagwira masiku 37-38. Pafupifupi nthawi yonse yomwe kumaswa kumachitika, mkazi samachoka pachisa, ndipo mwamunayo amupeza iye ndi iye, ndipo kenako ana, nawonso. Ndipo anapiyewo atakhala kale ndi milungu iwiri, ndiye kuti amayi ake amawuluka kukadya. Modabwitsa, anapiyewo ndi opanda chikondi kwa wina ndi mnzake. Ana amayamba kuuluka m'masiku 48-60, ndikusiya makolo awo m'masabata awiri itatha ndege yoyamba. Ndipo mu zaka 2 za moyo wawo atha kubereka ana awo eni.

Adani achilengedwe a kite ofiira

Chithunzi: Red Kite

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mbalame yamphamvu komanso yolimba ngati imeneyo ili ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kokwanira pazovuta kuti chitukuko chikule bwino.

Kite yakuda imathamangitsa mbalameyo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthenga zathu zimakhala ndi mdani yemwe akufuna chakudya chofananira ndipo amatenga malo, kuwaletsa kuti asangokhala chete. Monga momwe tikudziwira kale, nkhanga zofiira zimakonda kukhala chisa m'gawo lomwelo, pomwe zimawuluka zitatha chaka chilichonse.

Mdani wawo wofunika kwambiri ndi munthu. Ndipo mfundo apa sikungosaka mbalame zokongola zokha, komanso kusokoneza mtendere mdera lomwe mbalamezi zimayimira. Mbalame zambiri zimafa pamzere wolandila mphamvu. Ma mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ma acaricides, defoliants amachitanso zoipa zambiri, mankhwala a organophosphorous amatchulidwa ku zinthu zotere. Mankhwala a Chlorine, omwe anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo, nawonso ndi owopsa. Mankhwalawa omwe ndi othandiza mnyumbamo amathandiza munthu, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi poizoni ndi kufa kwa nyama zambiri, kuphatikizapo kite yofiyira.

Komanso, mbalame za m'mitengo zimawonongeka ndi akhwangwala otuwa, martens ndi weasels, zomwe zimalepheretsanso kuti zisungidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Red Kite

Ngati tikunena za kuchuluka kite yofiira, ndiye, mwatsoka, kuchuluka kwake kwatsika kwambiri. Tsopano ili ndi awiriawiri kuyambira 19 mpaka 37,000. Zachidziwikire, gawo lotsogolera la matenda otere limachitika ndi zochitika za munthu amene akuyembekezera mbalame yokongola komanso yodabwitsa yomwe ili ndi mfuti pano. Inde, pali chiyani chomwe chingadabwe, chifukwa mbalame yamphamvu kwambiri, yosatheka kuigwira komanso yokongola kwambiri, ikafuna kwambiri kugwira, kupha, kapena koipitsitsa - ndiye kuti imapanga nyama yolowa ngati yosaka, monga momwe osaka olimbira amafunira. Koma mfutiyo sikuti imathera pamenepo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse, ndipo nawo malo okhala achilengedwe ofiira amachepetsa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito zaulimi, nkovuta kuti mbalamezi zizikhala ndi chisa, chifukwa zimazolowera malo amodzi. Komabe, sikuti zonse ndizachisoni, zinthu zikupita pakati ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe, ndipo m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, anthu akuchira pang'ono. Koma, zowonadi, izi sizokwanira, sangakhale ndi moyo popanda kutetezedwa ndi anthu. Koma mbalame, pambuyo pa zonse, imakhala ndi kulumikizana kofunikira mumtambo wazakudya. Wina ayenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti asaphwanye malamulo a chilengedwe, zamoyo zonse ndizolumikizana, zina zambiri zitha kuvutika chifukwa cha kutha kwa mtundu umodzi.

Kuteteza kite yofiira

Chithunzi: Red Kite

Ngati tikulankhula zachitetezo cha ma kite ofiira, ndiye kuti ziyenera kudziwika kuti si kulikonse komwe anthu akukhudzika kwambiri. M'malo ena, iye samakana, komabe amafunikira chitetezo chodalirika ndi thandizo kuchokera kwa munthu.

Monga tanenera pamwambapa, nyamayi imasinthidwa ndi kite yakuda, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Red Kite ili ndi mbiri mu Red Book, yomwe imati mbalameyo ili pangozi. Amatchulidwa kuti ndi mtundu wachilendo womwe thandizo lotere limaganiziridwa ngati kumaliza kwa mapangano pakati pa mayiko ena pachitetezo cha mbalame zosamukira, zoletsa ntchito zaulimi, ndi malire a malo ogwera mitengo.

Red Kite, mwachidziwikire, imaphatikizidwanso mu Red Book of the Russian Federation, ndipo mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wokhudza kuteteza mbalamezi watha pakati pa Russia ndi India. Mbalame zimalembedwa ngati mbalame zosowa m'dera la Baltic, Zowonjezera 2 za Bonn Convention, Zowonjezera 2 za Berne Convention, Zowonjezera 2 za CITES. Komanso, mwanjira iliyonse, zochitika zilizonse zoyipa za anthu panthawi ya nesting ya kite yofiira imayimitsidwa. Izi ndi zina zomwe zimathandizira kuti anthu azikhala ndi moyo asangokhala ndi moyo, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa chokhacho chomwe chingapulumutse mitunduyi ku kutha.

Kiti yofiyira - mbalame yodabwitsa komanso yapadera. Zomwe adawona zimadabwitsanso ofufuza onse a anyaniwo. Mbalameyo imatha kupirira modabwitsa komanso kuthekera kosaka bwino, komabe, ngakhale izi, kuchuluka kwake m'chilengedwe kumatsikabe. Tiyenera kusamala ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu zamtunduwu pafupifupi m'dziko lathu. Musaiwale kuti zonse zachilengedwe zimalumikizidwa.