Zosiyanasiyana za mahatchi osiyanasiyana zimapangidwa kuti ziteteze ziboda za akavalo kuti zisawonongeke kapena kuvulala. Njirayi yakhala ikuchitidwa ndi eni akavalo kwa zaka zopitilira 1.5. Koma ngakhale kuti imachitidwa ndi masters mosavuta komanso mwachilengedwe, kwa anthu wamba njira yogwiritsira ntchito akavalo imabutsa mafunso ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa ngati akavalo akavulazidwa pamene ziboda zawo zavekedwa, komanso chifukwa chake amazichita konse.
Chifukwa chiyani mahatchi?
Mitundu yonse yamakono yamahatchi choyambirira idachokera pamahatchi atchire, omwe makolo awo akale adawonekera kuposa anthu. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, amakhala m'malo achilengedwe ndipo amasuntha popanda mahatchi. Nanga bwanji adayamba kuvala nsapatozi? Yankho la funsoli likufunika kuganizanso za moyo wamunthu wamtchire komanso wanyumba.
Mahatchi atchire amakhala kumapiri ndi m'nkhalango. Zimayenda, makamaka pamalo osasanjika, popewa mosasamala komanso m'malo okhala ndi miyala yolimba. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yomwe ili ndi zinthu ngati izi imatha kuyenda mofunitsitsa, yomwe sikuti imangochotsa kuwonongeka kwa ziboda, komanso imathandizira kulimbitsa minofu yomwe imakhala.
Moyo wamahatchi kuchokera kumayendedwe amatanthauza zochitika zosiyanasiyana:
- Nyama zimayenda ndi wokwera kumbuyo. Chifukwa chake, kulemera kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale katundu wina pamaunyolo a ziboda.
- Kuwongolera koyenda kwa kavalo kumayika wokwera. Zotsatira zake, kavaloyo mosamala amayenda pamiyala yakuthwa, amasunthira m'malo a asphalt ndi mapiri. Zonsezi zimathandizira kuti nyanga za ziboda zibowole, ndikuwoneka ngati ming'alu mkati mwake.
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi za akavalo okhazikika ndizochepa. Izi zimakulitsa kwambiri vutolo. Mwazi wocheperako umalowera m'timabowo tating'onoting'ono ndipo matendawa sakulimbitsa mwachilengedwe.
Yang'anani! Zowonongeka zikagwera pakati pa ziboda za nyamayo, ming'alu yomwe imadziunjikira imapeza dothi ndi manyowa. Zigawo zoterezi zimakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana komanso matenda ena. Zotsatira zake, kutupa kwa ziwalo za ziboda komanso miyendo kumayamba.
Horseshoe, amangokhala ngati yankho la mavuto awa. Imakhala ndi nsapato pamahatchi ndikuchita izi:
- Imateteza nyanga ya ziboda kuti isawonongeke,
- imakonza mawonekedwe a buluzi wosenda bwino, yemwe amalepheretsa kupindika pang'ono,
- khazikitsani mayendedwe a nyama zomwe zatsatika kumapeto.
- pewani kutsikira pamayendedwe panjira ndi pouma,
- Sinthani kuyenda kwaminyama moyenera.
Nthawi yomweyo, mapangidwe a kavalo amapangidwa momveka bwino kutiapangidwe ndi ziboda za akavalo, zomwe zikutanthauza kusasangalala kwenikweni kwa nyama.
Kapangidwe ka ziboda zamahatchi
Popanda kudziwa mawonekedwe a ziboda zake, sizingatheke kuvala akavalo moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesayesa koteroko kungangowonjezera "nsapato" ya nyamayo, yomwe kwakanthawi ingasokoneze hatchi.
Tsamba lamkati la kavalo limakhala ndi mbali zakunja ndi zamkati. Kunja kumaphatikizapo zinthu izi:
- Outsole Ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono ka minofu ya keratinized. Udindo wachitetezo chamkati mwa ziboda kuti usawonongeke.
- Khoma. Ili pafupi mozungulira kapolo ndipo amateteza gawo la nyama kuti lisawonongeke pambuyo pake. Zimaphatikizaponso tinthu tokhala ndi nyanga.
- Mivi Ili ndi nsalu yofanana ndi yokhayo, koma yowonjezereka. Imakwaniritsa chitetezo chathunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, amachepetsa mphamvu kuti isamenye ziboda pansi.
- Malire. Ndi khungu lophatikizika lomwe limasintha gawo pakati pa ziboda ndi mwendo.
Gawo lamkati limaphatikizapo izi:
- Wotengeka mtima.
- Nyama whisk.
- Pterygoid cartilage.
- Muvi wosazindikira.
- Korona.
Udindo wa gawo la nyama chakudyera ndi kudyetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono vya mbali yakunja. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti malekezero amitsempha amdutsa ndendende mkati mwa chipata cha nyanga, koma samakhala kunja.
Kodi kavalo amamva ululu akamavala?
Kudziwa kapangidwe kokhala ndi mbali yakuphazi, ndikosavuta kuyankha funso loti nyamayo idwala nthawi ya akavalo. Ndi kulinganiza koyenera kwa njirayi, kavalo samva kuwawa. Zothamanga zonse zimayendetsedwa molunjika kunyanga yakunyumba, komwe mitsempha imakhalaponso.
Zinthu ndizosiyana ngati njirayi sinayendetsedwe moyenera. Zikatero, chovala chakuda sichitha kuwononga gawo la nyama, lomwe limadzala osati zowawa za nyama, komanso magazi. Kulakwitsa kotereku pakugwira ntchito kumatha kuyambitsa bulu wa moyo wonse.
Popewa izi, wizard nthawi zonse amayang'ana kwambiri mzere wazoyera wa ziboda. “Chingwe” ichi chikuwonetsa kukula kwa minofu ya nyanga komanso malire a gawo la nyama.
Zosiyanasiyana za mahatchi
Mwalawapangawo pakadali pano ndiye kusankha koyenera kwa mtundu wa akavalo. Kusankhidwa kwazomwe zimapangidwira kumatengera kupezeka kwa mitundu itatu:
- Ogwira ntchito wamba. Mahatchi oterowo amayikidwa pa ziboda za mahatchi wamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafamuyo. Amathandizidwa ndi zowoneka bwino kapena zowoneka bwino (kutengera nthawi ya chaka). Kulemera kwa mankhwala sikupitirira 270 g.
- Orthopedic. Cholinga cha zinthu ngati izi ndikuchepetsa kusokonekera kwa akavalo ovulala mukamayenda, komanso kuwongolera mwachangu kuvulala. Zopangidwa ndi ma polima olimba, zitsulo, aluminiyamu ndi zinthu zina. Fomu yotsimikizika imatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa kuwonongeka kwa miyendo.
- Masewera. Kuchokera ku mahatchi amtunduwu kupepuka kwapamwamba kumafunika. Chifukwa chake, zimapangidwa kuchokera ku aluminiyamu ndi ma alloys ena opepuka. Kulemera kwambiri kwa malonda sikupita 200 g. Kapangidwe ka kavalo amatengera masewera momwe kavalo amatenga nawo gawo.
Mitundu ina imatsimikizika potengera mawonekedwe apangidwe azinthu. Pali zovala za akavalo zokumbidwa ndi ma rivets kapena zingwe zapadera. Mitundu ina imatsimikizira kuti sikungoyenda pang'onopang'ono. Mahatchi okhala ndi magalimoto akuluakulu ndi mahatchi opepuka amasiyana pakati pawo.
Mtundu watsopano wa akavalo
Zida
Musanayambe ntchito, ndikofunikira kukonzekera zida zonse zofunika. Zomwe zikuyikidwa pano zimatengera mtundu wa akavalo akavalo. Koma nthawi zambiri pochita izi amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- nyundo yapadera,
- kukonza
- ululu wapadera,
- kiyi waminga,
- mpeni wopindika
- nkhupakupa.
Zofunika! Ngati nyamayo ili yamanyazi kapena yankhanza, mudzafunikiranso makina kuti azigwira ntchito mwendo wahatchi. Chovala cha akavalo chimakonzedwa mothandizidwa ndi owombera. Chifukwa chake amatchedwa misomali yapadera yopangira. Kutalika kwake kumakhala kosiyanasiyana pakati pa 4.5-7 cm. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha zomangira zoyenera za nyama zamtundu uliwonse.
Malangizo a sitepe ndi sitepe
Njira zopangira zimaphatikizira magawo angapo. Zambiri zimatengera kavalo. Mwachitsanzo, mwachangu, kavalo wogwiritsa ntchito kapena wamanyazi masiku angapo. Woyamba amangopyola ziboda ndi ndodo. Chovala cha akavalo chimayikidwa yachiwiri ndikuwombera pang'ono ndi nyundo. Patatha tsiku limodzi amavala nsapato imodzi kenako ina yonse.
Njira yopangira zokolola mahatchi imachitika pang'onopang'ono:
- Wosimbayo akukweza phazi la m'miyalayo ndikumayeretsa dothi ndi zinyalala mwachidule kuchokera pansi.
- Mothandizidwa ndi nkhupakupa, kavalo wachikale amachotsedwa.
- Ndi mbedza ndi mpeni, amatsuka dothi lotsala ndikudula minyewa ya nyanga zowonjezera.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito tchire, gawo lonse la ziboda limakhazikika pamalo osalala.
- Momwemonso, amatsuka ndikusesa mavu ena onse.
- Yesani ndi kavalo watsopano kupita ku gawo loyeretsedwa lokhalo. Ngati sichingakwanire pang'ono, amachikonza pa choyipa.
- Konzaninso chovala chahatchi. Ngati agona pansi ngati pakufunika, amayamba kuyendetsa. Chitani izi mbali iliyonse ya khola la akavalo.
- Malekezero a njoka zochokera kunja adapinda kuti asasokoneze.
- Mothandizidwa ndi kutema, kumata mathero a misomali kudula, mutatha kuyika ziboda za nyamayo pamalo apadera.
- Pomaliza, khoma la ziboda limasanjidwa ndi rasp kuti ikwaniritse kukula kwa khwalala.
Chifukwa chake, ndikukhazikitsa koyenera kwa njira ya akavalo, akavalo samva kupweteka konse. Koma ngati munthu wopanda nzeru akachitapo kanthu, ndiye kuti angathe kukhudza gawo lakumalo komwe kuli cartilage ndi mitsempha. Mwanjira imeneyi, nyamayo sikuti imangomva ululu, komanso imatha kuvulala kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kumangovala mahatchi okha popanda ntchito yoyenera.
Cholinga cha mahatchi
Zingwe zamahatchi ndi zamphamvu zokwanira kuteteza mapazi a nyama pamtunda wa anamwali. Koma akavalo atchire amathamangira popanda katundu, posankha yekha msewu ndikupewa miyala yakuthwa ndi zopinga zina. Kuphatikiza apo, moyo waulere komanso zochitika zapamwamba zimathandizira kulimbitsa corneum ya stratum. Mahatchi osungidwa m'khola ali osiyana kwambiri. Kuyenda kocheperako kumachepetsa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, ndichifukwa chake ziboda zimataya kachulukidwe ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuzimitsa. Sayenera kuthamanga osati pansi, komanso phula, miyala yoyaka, malo ena olimba, ngakhale ndi ballast. Zonsezi zimatsogolera kuti nyanga yolowedwa ndi buluzi imafupika mwachangu kuposa kukula.
Kodi chiwopsezo cha ziboda zoperewera ndi chiani? Korneum yopyapyala imalowedwa mosavuta ndi miyala lakuthwa, yosemedwa, ndipo dothi limadzaza ming'alu ndi ma pathojeni amalowera. Tiziwalo timene timayatsidwa kuchokera pamenepa, hatchiyo imamva zowawa poyenda, imayamba kuthinana, kenako imakana kusuntha. Mahatchi amadziteteza ku kuvulala kotero, amagwira ntchito zofanana ndi nsapato kwa anthu. Mahatchi apamwamba kwambiri, okhala ndi mahatchi oyenera amalola nyamayo kuyenda mosavuta m'misewu yolimba popanda zotsatira za ziboda.
Hatchi siyenera kuloledwa kuvala ziboda zake.
Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yoteteza, mahatchi amathandizira nyamayo kuti isangoyenda pa udzu wonyowa kapena mumsewu wowongoka, kuwongolera zibowolezo zowonongeka, komanso kuchepetsa kusasangalala mukamayenda mahatchi ovulala mwendo. M'mabungwe am'masewera, amathandizira kukonza mahatchi komanso zimapangitsa kuthana ndi zovuta. Munthawi zonse, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mahatchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mahatchi ndi ofunika pamahatchi
Mapangidwe a Horseshoe
Zovala zamakono za mahatchi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, zopangira zinthu, makulidwe ndi magawo ena, kutengera cholinga. Malonda osavuta amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wochepa wa kaboni, womwe ungasinthidwe osati kokha pamalo otentha, komanso wopanda kutentha. Zovala zowombera pamahatchi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolo, pang'ono kukweza mbali zakumiyendo, chifukwa kapangidwe ka nyanga yolimba.
Chovala chosavuta cha akavalo ndi mbale yopindika yokhala ndi mabowo, ndipo mbali iliyonse ya mbale iyi ili ndi dzina lake:
- nthambi - zigawo za intaneti kuyambira mbedza mpaka chidendene. Siyanitsani pakati pa nthambi zamkati ndi zakunja,
- kumtunda - ndege yoyandikana ndi ziboda,
- m'munsi (kunja) - ndege yolumikizana ndi nthaka,
- mbedza (lapelo) - mzere wawung'ono wowongoka kutsogolo kwa tchire,
- njanji
- mkati ndi kunja mbali zammbali,
- mabowo
- mabowo misomali
- chidendene - nthambi yozungulira
- spikes - zida zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zomatira pansi pa nthaka. Amayikidwa ngati kuli koyenera, mwachitsanzo, mu ayezi kapena kuthamanga kwa akavalo pa udzu wouma.
Mwambiri, chinsalu chimagawika m'magawo atatu - mbedza, mbali, kumbuyo. Pamwamba moyandikana ndi nyangayo imagawidwanso m'magawo awiri, kunja ndi mkati. Kunja ndikokulirapo m'deralo, popeza ndi kothandizira ulusi, ndipo uyenera kukhala wosalala bwino. Ngati nthambi za kavalo zili mumtunda wosiyana kapena zikusokonekera, chinsalu sichingagwire bwino ziboda, katunduyo amagawidwa mosagwirizana, ndipo corneum ya stratum imakhala yolakwika.
Pansi panalinso yopingasa, koma yosapitilizabe: m'mphepete lakunja lili ndi kutalikirana kwakutali kotchedwa track track. Chifukwa cha njirayi, zipewa za msomali zomwe zimamenya chovala cha akavalo sizituluka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizivuta kuvala. M'dera la mbedza ndi chidendene, misomali siinakhomedwe, chifukwa chake kulibe. Zidindo za misomali, kapena m'malo mwake ndi malo ake, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kukula kwa chitetezo cha nyama. Ngati mabowo sanapangidwe molondola, minofu yomwe ili pansi pa cornea imavulala poyendetsa misomali. Chiwerengero cha mabowo amisomali ndi 6, 8 ndi 12, kutengera kukula kwa khosalo. Kutsogolo kwa akavalo amapezeka pafupi ndi mbedza, kumapeto kwa kavalo amasunthira chidendene. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mabowo akuyenera kufanana khosi la msomali.
Chovala chilichonse cha akavalo chimakhala ndi mabowo
Kukula kwa chinsalu cha kavalo wapakatikati ndi 8 mm, m'lifupi - 22 mm. Mokwanira pali miyeso 13 ya kavalo wamahatchi, ndipo chilichonse chimafanana ndi magawo ena a zinthu: kukula kwa nthambi, mulifupi pakati pa zidendene komanso m'lifupi kwambiri, kulemera, makulidwe ndi zisonyezo zina. Amakhala akugulitsa awiriawiri kwa kumbuyo ndi ziboda zakumbuyo.
Mahatchi ndi ma spikes, atakhala
Mahatchi ankhondo
Ndi zida ziti zomwe zingafunikire
Kuti akhome msomali, pali zida zotsatirazi:
- zida zapadera
- mbedza
- rasip ndi mitundu iwiri ya notches,
- kukonza
- mpeni wokhala ndi malire
- nyundo
- chinsinsi.
Kupanga zida zida
Bokosi lazida
Chovala cha akavalo chimakhazikika ndi misomali yapadera - mokhnals, omwe amasiyana mawonekedwe amutu ndi pini. Stroke ikupezeka m'litali kuchokera pa45 mpaka 70 mm, ndipo malinga ndi GOST imagawidwa m'miyeso isanu ndi umodzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza sikuyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, pantchito, makina opangira zida angafunike - amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama imachita manyazi kwambiri kapena kuleza mtima.
Zopangira zopangira
Zikuyambika bwanji
Kuchulukitsa kwa milomo kumadalira katundu amene nyama zimapereka komanso kukula kwa nyanga yolumikizidwa. Pafupifupi, njirayi imachitika kamodzi pamwezi, ngakhale mahatchi amasewera amayenera kusintha kavalo pafupipafupi. Nyama zokhala ndi zotchinga komanso kuthamanga bwino, m'masukulu okwera, mahatchi nthawi zambiri amaikidwa kokha pamphepete, chiwonetsero chodumphira ndipo pozungulira anai onse ayenera kuvala. Ngati kavalo amasungidwa m'khola la nyumba, samapangidwa kawiri pamsewu wolimba; palibe chifukwa chokonzera mahatchi.
Kupanga kolondola kumachitika m'magawo:
- Zovala za akavalo zimachotsedwa
- ziboda zimatsukidwa ndi dothi ndi zinyalala,
- miyeso imatengedwa
- Mahatchi amamangidwa ndipo amaikidwa.
Ntchito ngati imeneyi imafuna kupirira kwambiri, luso komanso kulimba, chifukwa kulimbana ndi nyama yayikulu komanso yosuntha sikophweka konse. Nthawi zina mahatchi ang'onoang'ono komanso osakhazikika samalola kupitako, yesetsani kumenya kapena kuluma mbuye. Milandu iyi, njirayi imachedwa: tsiku loyamba, wosakuda amangokweza miyendo ya nyama imodzi modzi akugogoda ziboda ndi nyundo. Tsiku lotsatira, nsapato imodzi ndi miyendo iwiri, tsiku lachitatu - linalo. Munthawi imeneyi, kavalo amamuzolowera ambuye ndipo amaleza bwino kupanga. Tsopano lingalirani za kuphedwa kwathu mwatsatanetsatane.
Gawo 1 Kwezani mwendo wa kavalo ndi kuyeretsa zinyalala zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mu bokosi la akavalo ndi mbedza. Sikuyenera kutsukidwa bwino, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchotsa m'mphepete kuti ndikotheka kusankha kavalo.
Womangidwapo ndi kansalu kakale kavalo ndipo yekha wokhomedwa ndi utuchi
Sawdust imatsukidwa ndi mbewa yapadera yosamalira ziboda
Gawo 2 Nthata amatengedwa, amagwira m'mphepete mwa chovala chakale chokokedwa ndi akavalo ndipo amayenda ndi mkondo.
Chitsulo chimachotsa kavalo wakale ndi nkhupakupa.
Gawo 3 Tsopano akutsuka chilichonse chomwe chapakidwa bwino, chotsani chopumira chakumaso kwathunthu pansi mothandizidwa ndi mpeni wokhala ndi zibowole.
Ndi mpeni wapadera wokhala ndi chozungulira chozungulira, wakuda amachotsa chimango chakale chokhacho.
Gawo 4 Dothi lonse, makamaka m'mphepete mwa ziboda, limapangidwa ndi thonje.Malo ogwiriridwawo ayenera kukhala osalala kwambiri kuti kanjira ka akavalo akagone molingana komanso mwamphamvu.
Wosalala amapera ndikubowola ziboda zake ndi malo enaake pamalo pomwe pali akavalo, m'mphepete mwa ziboda, makamaka mbedza.
Gawo 5 Atamaliza ndi ziboda imodzi, amakonzanso china chilichonse chimodzimodzi.
Miyendo yakumbuyo inatsukanso chimodzimodzi.
Gawo 6 Chovala chatsopano cha akavalo chimaphatikizidwa ndi ziboda zakonzekereratu ndipo chimachitika, ndiye kuti zimafotokozeredwa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimafunikira kuti zisinthidwe. Kukwaniritsa kumachitika ndi nyundo pa animbi yachitsulo.
Kuyesera pa kavalo wamba
Chovala chilichonse cha akavalo chimasinthidwa kuti chikhala ngati ziboda.
Gawo 7 Bwerezaninso pa kavalo, ndipo ngati zonse zili bwino, yambirani kukhomanso. Fungo loyamba la khomo limakodwa mu dzenje loyamba kulumikizana, lachiwiri mbali inayo, ndipo misomali yonse yonse imayendetsedwa motere. Amayendetsa mkati amayendetsedwa mokhazikika kupita ku ndege ya kavalo, kotero malangizo awo amawwonekera kuchokera ku nyanga yolumikizana. Kwa nyama, izi sizipanga vuto lililonse - palibe mathero amitsempha mu ziphuphu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ululu suchitika.
Gawo 8 M'mphepete mwake mwa malembawo mumawombera nyundo mpaka m'munsi mwa ziboda, ndiye kuti amakwanira cholimbacho. Pambuyo pake, khola la akavalo liyenera kukhala molimba pa mwendo ndikuyenda ndikakanikizidwa.
Misomali yakuda yakuda
Misomali imatuluka
Kunja, misomali imapinda
Chokoleza cha akavalo chimakhala choloweka ndi nyundo kumalawi
Malangizo. Ngati pali kusankhana, muyenera kupanga chilichonse kachiwiri, apo ayi, poyenda kapena kuthamanga, chovala pamahatchi chimayamba kukangamira ndikusokoneza chiweto.
Gawo 9 Kuti muchite zina, mudzafunika mayimidwe achitsulo ngati chubu lamphamvu yolimba pafupifupi theka la mita. Kuti akonzere ziboda za kutsogolo, amaikidwa kutsogolo kwa kavalo, kwa ziboda zam'mbuyo, pafupi ndi m'mimba. Phazi la nyamayo limakwezedwa pachimake ndipo malembedwe a snub amachotsedwa ndi chepetsa.
Mwendo wa kavalo
Malekezero a misomali amachotsedwa ndi chida chapadera.
Gawo 10 Tengani rasipayo ndi kukuta ziboda kachiwiri, ndikufanizira m'mphepete mwake ndi nsapato.
Rasp imayerekezera m'mphepete mwa ziboda ndi kavalo
Ngati pakufunika kugwiritsa ntchito ma spikes, ndipo kulibe mabowo pazikuta zatsopano za akavalo, ndizosavuta kudzipanga nokha. Kuti tichite izi, titayesa kusintha ndikusintha kwa mahatchi, mabowo anayi amafunika kuti ayang'anitsidwe - imodzi kutsogolo, kutsogolo kwa mbedza, ndi imodzi m'dera la chidendene (kumapeto kwa track ya misomali). Kukula kwa mabowo kuyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa miyendo ya Stud.
Pokhala ndi mabowo obowola, ulusi umadulidwira ndipo spikes imasunthidwa. Khazikani chimodzimodzi ndi muyezo. Dziwani kuti zinthu zomwe zili ndi ma spikes ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi miyendo yonse inayi, apo ayi kavalo sangamve bwino akathamanga ndipo atha kuvulaza nyamakazi.
Wosalala amapanga mabowo m'chifuwa cha minga
Ndipo kusema m'mabowo
Kenako ikani zipsera
Zimangoyenera kukhometsera hatchi kuhatchi
Popanda chidziwitso chapadera komanso luso, simuyenera kuyesanso kuvala kavalo nokha. Kuchita pokhapokha kungapangitse mavuto azovuta ndi thanzi la nyama, choncho ndibwino kuti musayike pachiwopsezo. Koma kwa iwo omwe ali ndi odziwa kusunga mahatchi, amatha kuyeretsa ziboda zawo, mutha kuyesa kutha motsogozedwa ndi katswiri.
Kusankha nsapato zoyenera
Kuti mumvetse cholinga ndi mitundu ya mahatchi amtchire, ndikofunikira kutanthauzira, mosamvetseka mokwanira, ku nsapato zomwe munthu amavala. Adapangidwa kalekale kuti ateteze miyendo ku zinthu zakunja (nyengo yachilengedwe, yachilengedwe, anthropogenic). Ntchito yothandizirayi imalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chitonthozo, motero nsapato zimasankhidwa ndikumvetsetsa komwe ndi nthawi yake. Nenani, m'malo otsetsereka muyenera kukopa nsapato zabwino zomwe sizikulepheretsa mayendedwe, ndipo chidendene chapamwamba sichingakhale choyenera, nsapato za ubweya, zofewa zowoneka bwino, nsapato zimavalidwa malinga ndi nyengo ndi nyengo, nsapato zamatumbo zimawonetsedwa zamavuto a musculoskeletal system, etc.
Chovala cha akavalo chimasankhidwa molingana ndi mfundo zomwezo. Ndi mbale yachitsulo, "nsapato" pagulu labokosi kuteteza kuti isawonongeke komanso kuvulazidwa. Kukhalapo kwa izi ndikofunikira kwambiri, popeza kavalo ndi nyama yolemera, amakhala pafupifupi nthawi yonse akuyenda, ndipo pomwe akuyenda akhoza kukhala osiyana.
Kutengera ntchito yomwe akavalo amakokedwa, mitundu ingapo ya mahatchi amtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, pali mahatchi omwe ali oyenera kumanga kavalo wapakati komanso zochitika zake zolimbitsa thupi - zofunikira. Ndiwosasintha (alipo okwana 13 kukula kwake kwa mahatchi) ndipo imatha kukhala ndi ma spikes (kupewa kupewa kutsika nthawi yophukira-yozizira). M'mawonekedwe amasiyana pokhapokha ngati zopangira kutsogolo zibowo za mahatchi zimapangidwa mozungulira.
Kudumphadumpha kapena dressage kumafunanso mahatchi owonda komanso okhalapo mwabwino, ndiye kuti, omwe samapitilira ziboda. Pomaliza, mafupa amtchire, monga momwe mungaganizire, adapangidwa kuti akonze kayendedwe kavalo, zolakwika zolimba pakati, kuletsa matenda a minofu ndi mafupa. Zovala zamahatchi izi zimapangidwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi miyeso poganizira vuto linalake kapena ntchito inayake, ndipo "kuvala" kwawo kumayikidwa ndi veterinarian.
Nsapato za akavalo
Zofunika! Njira yothamangirira nsapato za akavalo ndi ntchito yambiri, imafuna kuyesetsa modabwitsa, luso komanso kudekha. Njira yochepetsera bizinesi iyi imatha kuvulaza kavalo komanso wosazolowera njira.
Malingaliro angapo apadera omwe akuyenera kuwonedwa kuti nsapato ikuyenda bwino:
- Kupanga kutonthoza: kukulira kuyenera kuchitika m'chipinda chowuma komanso choyera.
- Pewani zoopsa: Pasakhale chakudya kapena nyama zina pafupi ndi kavalo, ndibwino kumangiriza mahatchi ogwiririka mwachangu.
- Mukamaliza ntchito, fufuzani ngati kavalo amayenda miyendo mofananamo, ngati akupumira, ndi zina.
Njira yovala mahatchi imachitika m'magawo angapo:
- Kuchotsa kavalo wakale: chifukwa chake, wakuda umagwira mkono wa nyamayo, ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito mafinya, amachotsa misomali, ndikugwira ndi mwanawankhosa.
- Ma pliers amachotsa keratinized wosanjikiza, zosiyanasiyana zoyipa kuchokera kunja.
- Mkati, mutha kubweretsa zodzikongoletsera ndi mpeni wazovala. Muyenera kukhala osamala pano, popeza kuyeretsa ziboda pakokha sikubweretsa zowawa ndi kukhumudwa, poyeretsa mkati mwamabowo mumatha kugwira minofu yofewa,
- Makoma a ziboda amayalidwa ndi zomata komanso pansi ndi thonje.
- Pakaboweka chakudyacho, timalumikiza chikhatho chofiyira pamenepo: chidzakhala chosindikizidwa, malinga ndi momwe mahatchi amtunduwu amayambira.
- Zosaloledwa, zigawo zowonjezera za akavalo zimachotsedwa, kenako mutha kupitirira "kusintha nsapato".
- Chovala cha akavalo, chomwe pansi pake pali chosanjikiza, chimakhomereredwa kumiyendo ya ziboda.
Kodi muyenera kusintha kangati kavalo? Kukula kwa "kusintha kwa nsapato" kumatsimikizidwa ndi mtundu wa zochitika za kavalo ndi momwe amasunthira, komanso kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa khoma labulidwe. Pafupipafupi, zovala za akavalo zimasinthidwa kamodzi pamwezi ndi theka. Kawirikawiri kapena, kukonzanso koperewera kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa ku thanzi la hatchi.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mahatchi amafunikira nthawi yopuma kuchokera ku mahatchi - mpaka miyezi iwiri pachaka. Kuwona malamulo oyambira a forging, mutha kutsimikizira akavalo, ndipo ndi okwera nawo anthu ena ochokera ku zoopsa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto pakuwongolera kavalo, njira yolakwika yotsikirako.
Kodi zovala za akavalo ndi ziti?
Tsopano aliyense amadziwa chifukwa chake mahatchi amakokedwa ndi mahatchi. Zingwe zamahatchi zimakhala zolimba kuti zizitha kuyenda panthaka, kupewa miyala yakuthwa, miyala. Zochulukitsa mwachilengedwe. Pakadali pano, akavalo ali m'miyala kwa nthawi yayitali, alibe ufulu woyenda. Pachifukwachi, kulumikizana kwa ziboda kumafewa komanso kufafaniza mwachangu. Izi zimabweretsa ming'alu ndi kuvulala kwina komwe madothi amtundu uliwonse amapezeka, kutupa kumayamba. Nyama imayamba kugwadira ululu, kenako osafuna kusuntha.
Pofuna kupewa kuwoneka ngati kutupa m'magulu a ziboda, pamafunika chovala akavalo
Kuti mupewe izi, ziboda za mahatchi zimayenera kupangidwa munthawi yake. Kodi mahatchi amafuniranji akavalo? Amathandizira kuti asangotsamira ponyowa, udzu kapena nthawi ya ayezi. Kuteteza ndi kukonza maupanga ovulala kapena opunduka, kupangira mahatchi othandizira kumapangitsa kuyenda kwawo kukhala kosavuta. M'masewera a equestrian, mahatchi owoneka bwino amatha kuthana ndi zopinga ndikuwoneka bwino komanso osangalatsa panthawi yopuma. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kavalo, kutengera cholinga. Kwa ziboda zakutsogolo, zopangidwa mozungulira zimapangidwa, ndipo zopangira kumbuyo - zazitali. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kuthupi kwa miyendo ya akavalo.
Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu
Agawidwa m'magulu akulu atatu: wokhazikika, masewera ndi mafupa. Mkati mwa gulu lirilonse mumakhala mitundu ya mahatchi omwe amapangidwira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito.
Zovala zazing'ono zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pakavalo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati workhorses. Kuchuluka kwawo kumatengera kukula kwake: kuyambira 200 mpaka 700 magalamu. Amapangidwa kwathunthu ndi ma spikes ochotsa. Zovala za akavalo achisanu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka, ndipo kavalo ka chilimwe, m'malo mwake, amazunguliridwa komanso wotsika. Amapangidwa zonse m'mafakitale ndi akatswiri akuda.
Zovala mahatchi amtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mahatchi omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano zosiyanasiyana zamiyambo. Amatha kukhala aluminiyamu, chitsulo, titaniyamu, kutengera mtundu wa mpikisano. Mwachitsanzo, pamahatchi amagwiritsa ntchito mahatchi olemera osaposa magalamu 120, ndipo othamanga pamasewera olimbitsa thupi amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolemera, mpaka magalamu 200, ndi ena okulirapo, okhala ndi makulidwe ndi mbali mbali imodzi.
Mitundu yamatsenga imatha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo, aluminiyamu kapena pulasitiki, poganizira kuvulala kwamunthu payekha kapena mkhalidwe wamkati mwa ziboda. Tumikirani mankhwala kuti akonzenso chiweto chodwala kapena chovulala.
Zosangalatsa! Zovala zaposachedwa zamakono za mahatchi amitundu amasiyana kwambiri ndi omwe adalipo kale pamaonekedwe (ofanana ndi nsapato pama straps ndi masenteni fasteners). Zogulitsa zotere sizikuyenera kupinidwa ndi misomali, koma ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi zingwe, izi zimachepetsa nthawi yolowa m'malo mwa mahatchi. Mtengo wokwera sukulola mwiniwake wa kavalo aliyense kukhala ndi zomangidwe zotere. Koma kwa iwo pali njira ina: mtundu wosavuta, wopangidwa ndi pulasitiki komanso wofanana ndi nsapato za akavalo. Zitha kupachikidwa ndi zovala zazing'ono kapena kubzala pa guluu wapadera.
Njira zopangira
Kodi mahatchi nthawi zambiri amafunika kukhala akavalo? Zonse zimatengera momwe thupi limagwirira komanso kukula kwa ziphuphu zakumaso. Ma workhores osavuta amapangika kamodzi masiku 30, nthawi zambiri kwa okwera pamahatchi.
Mahatchi apakhomo omwe nthawi zambiri samakwera mumsewu wamphongo safunikira kuti angagwirizane ndi kavalo konse. Njira zopangira sizithamanga, chifukwa nyama imayenera kuzolowera mbuye, pokhapokha pang'onopang'ono mutha kuyamba kugwira ntchito. Nthawi zina mchitidwe womwewo umatenga masiku angapo. Zimachitika bwanji? Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa kavalo wakale, ndiye kuyeretsa yekha, ndikuchotsa litsiro. Pambuyo pake, miyeso imatengedwa, mutayesera, mutha kukhomerera kavalo. Koma chiwembuchi ndiye chithunzi chachikulu. Ngati tilingalira ntchito yonseyo, ndiye kuti itha kugawidwa m'magawo 10:
- Gawo loyamba. Kukhazikitsa m'mphepete mwa ziboda kuchokera ku utuchi, zinyalala zosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti nkoyenera kuchotsa "nsapato" zachikale, sizovuta. Ndikofunikira kuchita izi mosamala.
- 2 siteji. Kenako, ndikuyenda kokhotakhota, kubudula zovalazo ndi misomali ndikusuntha kowongoka.
- 3 siteji. M'pofunikanso kuyeretsanso ziboda, ndiye ndi mpeni wopindika, kudula ziphuphu zakumaso.
- Gawo 4. Kupukutira kofesi yokhala ndi malo ake ndi m'mphepete kuti ikhale yosalala komanso yosalala. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa zimatengera momwe msodzi wa akavalo angagwirire bwino.
- 5 siteji. Munthawi imodzimodziyo, tsegulani miyendo itatuyo.
- 6 siteji. Miyeso imatengedwa ndipo mahatchi amakwanira.
- Gawo 7. Yesaninso pachinthucho ndikutsinikiza mpaka ziboda. Ili ndiye gawo lovuta komanso lofunikira kwambiri. Kusavomerezeka pang'ono kungayambitse kuvulala kwamiyendo. Ngati zinthu zonse zopanga zakwaniritsidwa, nyamayo singasangalale, chifukwa mulibe nyanga yam'mimba. Sungani misomali munjira yomwe mukufuna (yoyamba - dzenje loyambilira, yachiwiri - m'malo mwake, ndi zinafika kumapeto) ndipo molunjika kumanja kwa kalozera.
- 8 siteji. Mangani nsonga za misomaliyo ndi nyundo, yikani kumapeto a malembawo ndikugundana ndi mbewa yolimba.
Izi ndizofunikira! Ndikofunikira kupewa zolakwika pantchito imeneyi. Ngati pali kusintha kosamveka pakukhomera, ndiye kuti ntchitoyi iyeneranso kumenyedwanso ndi kumenyedwanso, chifukwa kavalo ka maluwa ayamba kukangamira.
- Gawo la 9. Chotsani nsonga za misomali pokonza. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukweza miyendo yahatchi iliyonse pachimodzimodzi ndi zitsulo zapadera zachitsulo, zomwe zimayikidwa patsogolo pake ndi pansi pamimba pake.
- 10 siteji. Omaliza. Bwerezaninso m'mphepete mwa chovala cha akavalo ndi ziboda. Ngati ndi kotheka, sungani malo okhala. Popeza palibe mwayi kutsegulira ma akavalo atsopanowa, mutha kubowola nokha kuti agwirizane ndi kutalika kwa tenon.
Izi zimamaliza nsapato. Chifukwa chake, pakakhala zida zingapo, luso komanso kukonda nyama, koval imatha kuvala akavalo aliwonse.
Zosangalatsa! Akuluakulu ndi ana amadziwa kuti m'masiku akale kavalo ankamenyedwa chifukwa cha chisangalalo pamwamba pa khomo lanyumba, pamwamba pa khomo. Anthu amakhulupirira kuti zimabweretsa zabwino zonse ndipo zimateteza mwini wake ku mavuto ndi zovuta. Zilibe kanthu kuti idagulidwa kapena kupezeka. Chachikulu ndichakuti khokalo la akavalo liyenera kukhomedwa, kutanthauza kuti kuchotsedwa m'manja.
Masiku ano, simumawona munthu amene amakonda mahatchi. Pamafunso monga "Kodi kavalo amawapweteka akavala? ndi "Kodi mahatchi amapangira mahatchi chiyani?" nkovuta kupeza yankho lolondola kuchokera kwa anthu wamba.
Cholinga komanso pafupipafupi nsapato
Masiku ano, mahatchi amakhala m'khola. Amayenda zochepa ngati abale amtchire, motero ziboda zimakhala zofewa. Nthawi yomweyo, mahatchi akugwira ntchito molimbika, chifukwa chake katundu pamiyendo ndi wamkulu kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, ziboda zimatha msanga kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Mahatchi okhala ndi ziboda zamavalidwe amamva kupweteka, kulema, kapenanso kukana kuyenda.
Ngakhale m'nthawi zakale, anthu ankayesetsa kuteteza ziboda za mahatchi omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito. Kenako adagwiritsa ntchito nsapato zachitsulo. Popita nthawi, zinaonekeratu kuti nsapato zotere zimabweretsa chisangalalo kwa nyama. Kuti asinthe moyo wabwino, akavalo amabwera ndi zingwe zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi chitsulo cholimba.
Kavalo wokhala pansi samamvanso bwino akalumikizana pafupipafupi ndi phula la pansi kapena simenti. M'nyengo yozizira, kavalo amakakhala ndi ma spikes apadera kuti akonzere kukhazikika kwa kavalo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kusintha kwanjira. Kutalikirana kwa akavalo kumadalira nyengo yamoyo ndi ntchito yayikulu ya nyama.
Ziboda za kavalo zimakula, ndipo zimasiyanasiyana. Kusamalira moyenera kumaphatikizapo kusintha mahatchi amphongo kamodzi pamwezi. Ndikofunikira kuti mahatchi amafanana ndi kukula kwa ziboda zamtchire.
Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, hatchiyo imayenda mosavuta komanso molimba mtima.
Masewera
Amapangidwira ochita nawo mpikisano, mpikisano. Popanga pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cham'madzi, aluminiyamu kapena alloys. Mahatchi ndi opepuka komanso okhazikika. Kulemera kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake zimadalira mtundu wa mpikisano womwe kavalo amatenga nawo mbali. Pothamanga pamahatchi, mitundu yopepuka ya 120 g kapena kuchepera imagwiritsidwa ntchito; pozungulira, mahatchi olemera 180-200 g ndioyenera.
Zoyimira
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mahatchi antchito. Choguliracho chimalemera pafupifupi 200 g, kutengera kukula kwake, chizindikirocho chimatha kufika 720 g.Chikupachi chimakhala ndi zowonjezera zina zowonjezera: kuzunguliridwa, zazing'ono nthawi yachilimwe komanso lakuthwa, lalikulu kwa ayezi wozizira.
Mahatchi amtundu wokhazikika amatha kupangidwa ndi anthu akuda komanso pafakitale.
Orthopedic
Itha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo, aluminiyamu kapena pulasitiki. Malo okhala mahatchi amasankhidwa payekha kutengera kuvulala kwa hatchi. Kapangidwe kake kamatengera zosowa za kavalo. Mtundu wa Orthopedic ndi wofunikira kuti muchepetse kupweteka, kuchiritsa msanga komanso kugwirira bwino.
Kunja, kavalo wotere amafanana ndi nsapato zokhala ndi masika otumphuka komanso zingwe zapulasitiki. Mukathamanga, misomali sigwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imakulolani kuti musinthe m'malo mwachangu. Malo okhala mahatchiwa ndi okwera mtengo, motero oweta mahatchi ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zotsika mtengo. Zotsalazo zimakhala za pulasitiki. Pakulimbitsa, misomali yaying'ono kapena guluu limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kunja, kavalo samasiyana ndi muyezo.
Mafoloko a aluminiyamu opepuka amapangidwira othamanga. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki zimathandiza kuti mahatchi abwererenso kuvulala. Kuphatikiza pazomwe zili pamwambapa, pali malo ena apadera owaza mahatchi. Zogulitsa zotere zimateteza ziboda za mahatchi zomwe zimagwira nawo ntchito zapaulendo. Rubber sikuvulaza mayendedwe ndi ma pro.
Pali zida zamakono zamahatchi. Sachimanga ndi misomali, koma ndi guluu. Katundu wambiri amachititsa kuti eni akewo asinthe nthawi zambiri, motero kusakhalapo kwa misomali kumathandizanso kwambiri kukonza.
Zida zofunika
Zovala zakuda ndi zoweta ng'ombe zazikulu zimagwiritsa ntchito makina kuyeretsa ndi ziboda za mahatchi. Eni ake ochepa mahatchi sagwiritsa ntchito chida chotere, koma pachabe. Pakatikati pake, makinawa amapangidwa kuti achepetse kuyenda kwa nyama. Akavalo amawatsogolera mkati, amakweza mwendo ndikuuyika pamtanda wopingasa. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri kukonzekera komanso kudzipangira lokha.
Tayani zinthu zopangidwa bwino. Pakukonzekera mahatchi ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Kupanda kutero, simungangobweretsa zowawa pa kavalo, komanso kuvulaza mwendo wanu. Zida zoyendetsera:
- zida zapadera
- mbedza
- zotupa ndi ma notches osiyanasiyana,
- kukonza
- mpeni wopindika
- kiyi
- nyundo.
Kuti mulumikizane ndi khola la akavalo, misomali imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zogulitsa zimakhala ndi chipewa chapadera ndi pini yokhotakhota; Misomali imakhala ndi mitundu 6 ya kukula mkati mwa 45-70 mm. Kutulutsa zowononga, simungathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito mutachotsa kavalo. Sungani zida zonse kuti zikhale zaukhondo, zotetezeka, komanso zowongoleredwa bwino.
Kodi mahatchi amapweteka?
Tsamba limakhala ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mathero amtsempha mulibemo. Gawo ili ndi lofanana ndi nsapato za nyama zina. Mukayamba kuvala kavalo popanda kukonzekera bwino, ndiye kuti akhoza kukana. Izi sizimalumikizidwa ndi zowawa, koma ndi mantha. Njira yoyamba isanachitike, kavalo wachichepere ayenera kukhala ozolowera chifukwa ndikofunikira kupereka phazi kwa wakuda.
Ngati kavalo ali ndi nkhawa, ndiye kuti kuphunzira zamakhalidwe kuyenera kukhala kotsimikizika. Nthawi ndi nthawi muzigogoda ziboda zanu ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono. Kenako ikani chovala chahatchi ndi kugogoda kale. Chitani zonse pang'onopang'ono, popanda kukakamiza nyama. Maphunzirowa akapanda kuchitidwa, kavalo amatha kuvulazidwa nthawi ya akavalo chifukwa cha mantha ake.
Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti nyundo yokhayo yokhayo yomwe ingadziwe momwe angavalire kavalo osamupweteka. Milandu yowopsa kwambiri ndiyoti misomali ikakhala pafupi ndi dera lachigawo (chapakati pamkati) kapena kukhudza malowa. Pankhaniyi, kavalo samangokhala wowawa. Kusasamala kudzayambitsa kuvulala, magazi amathanso kutuluka. Hatchi ikhoza kuyamba kupindika kwakanthawi kapena kukhalabe moyo wonse.
Pazifukwa zomwe muyenera kuvalira kavalo ndi momwe mungachitire, onani vidiyo yotsatira.