Zovala zazing'ono kwambiri zakuda - kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 22cm, kulemera mpaka 60. Chimawoneka ngati chovala chamawu, koma chimasiyana ndi "nsidze" yakuda ndi chikhatso chamaso. Zowonjezerazo ndi zofiirira zakumbuyo kumbuyoko komanso zokhala ndi mawanga a bulauni pansi. Mbali za chifuwa ndi nthenga za m'munsi za mapikowo zimakhala zofiira.

Whitebrople thrush imakonda malo owala, komwe kuli zitsamba zambiri ndi dziwe, imakhala m'nkhalango zazing'ono, momwe mumakhala mphukira yaying'ono. Mwapang'onopang'ono idakhala mbalame yaminda ndi malo osungira. Pewani nkhanu zakuda kapena nkhalango za paini.

Osamukira. Mabanja amakhala m'malo ambiri. Chisa chake ndi chotsika kuthengo ndipo chimapanga mbale yolimba ya semicircular. Pansi ndi mkati mwake amamangiriridwa ndi dothi ndi dongo. Mu clutch mpaka mazira 7 obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi timalo tating'ono tofiirira.

Chakudya - nyongolotsi, tizilombo, zipatso. Zingwe zadothi zomwe zimadyetsa anapiye sizimabweretsa imodzi koma kamodzi, koma ndi gulu lonse, lomwe limalowa mchisa, kenako ndikugawika pakati pa anapiye.

Mawonekedwe

Khadi loyendera lachiwonetsero cha red-eye, ndiye, mikwingwirima yopepuka yomwe ili mbali zonse za mutu pamwamba pamaso, ngati nsidze poyang'ana mbiri.

Ndizosangalatsa! Maolivi obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira am'maso amasiyana pakati ndikuwala pansi padera.

Pansi pazophimba mapiko ndi chifuwa m'mphepete ndi zofiirira kapena zofiira. Akazi amasinthidwa kuposa abambo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuwona.. Mlomo ndiwocheperako kukula, akuti. Ma paws ndi ochepa kukula, amtundu wakuda, okhala ndi zopindika zazing'ono. Mapikowo ndi ochepa, otchulidwa kumapeto, amafika masentimita 35. Belobrovik ndiwocheperako: Kutalika konse kwa thupi kumayambira 15 cm mpaka 23 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndikuchokera pa g g. mpaka 60 gr.

Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe

Mbalamezi ndizosavuta komanso chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri. Zimawuluka mopepuka komanso mokongola, ndimapiko ouluka pafupipafupi. Pansi amasuntha masitepe kapena kudumpha, kuchoka ngati kuli ndi vuto. Komabe, pa nthawi ya nesting, amakhala osamala kwambiri. Amamanga nyumba zawo pachokhazikika cha stumps, nthambi zamitengo yamitengo, etc. Nthawi zambiri chisa chimatha kuwoneka m'nkhalango zamtchire kapena muudzu wandiweyani pansi. Mosavuta, mbalamezi zimatha kukhala magawo atsopano, komabe, nthawi yakuswa, banjali limasunga chisa chake, chikuwuluka kupita kumalo othirira.

Pakatha nthawi yodzala, samukirani kunkhalangomo kukafunafuna chakudya. Zimawuluka zazing'ono kapena zokhazokha, komabe, zikapeza chakudya, ndikulira kwambiri zimatha kukopa anthu ambiri amitundu ina omwe amakhala ndi gulu lankhondo kumalo operekera chakudya. Zakudya zimafunidwa pansi: pansi pa masamba kapena masamba owuma. Belobrovik sikhala wa mbalame yozizira, ngakhale kuti sichita mantha ndi nyengo yozizira - imawuluka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ngati chakudya chimaloleza kutalika, nthawi zambiri pothawa imawulukira m'magulu akulu kapena kulowa ndi mitundu ina yamtundu wina.

Amuna achichepere amayamba kuyesa kuphunzira luso la kuyimba kale ali ndi milungu iwiri ndi theka, ndikupanga nyimbo zomwezo nthawi yomweyo. Opanda browbrows amakhala ndi makonsati awo enieni pafupi ndi chisa nthawi yakukhwima ndiye mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka nthawi yophukira, yomwe imakhala yosowa kwambiri. Nyimboyi ili ndi magawo awiri: imayamba ndi kuimba mokweza mawu kuchokera kumitundu ingapo, kumayambira pamawu mpaka otsika, kenako kumamveka mawu osangalatsa osiyanasiyana. Kuti aphedwe, yamphongo imakwera pamwamba pamtengo. Kulira kowopsa kumatha kuchitira umboni za ngozi, ndi chime ku chakudya chomwe chapezeka.

Kodi mabulogo amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Zowonera zimadziwika zokhudzana ndi moyo wazokondweretsa mwachilengedwe - mpaka zaka 10 ndikugwidwa - mpaka zaka 20.. Komabe, zowona, kupambana pamatchulidwe a moyo wa "woimbidwa" wokakamizidwa, funso limadza ndi mtundu wa moyo wabwino komanso woperewera. Ndikwabwino kupatsa mwayi kuti mbalamezi zizikhala mwachilengedwe, kukhala moyo wawo, zodzaza ndi chisangalalo cha mbalame, moyo wamfupi, ndikumvetsera kuyimba kwake panthawi yolumikizana ndi chilengedwe, kubwera kwa iye, osatenga gawo lake ngati cholengedwa paradiso wamizinda.

Habitat, malo okhala

Belobrovik amakhala m'malo osakanizika, makamaka olimba kwambiri, nkhalango za ku Europe ndi Asia, amakonda nyumba zoyandikana ndizotseguka, zotchingira. Imatha kukhazikika m'mapaki amtawuni ndi mabwalo, malo azikhalidwe zakumidzi, nkhalango zazing'ono, m'miyala yamtchire. Pafupi mukufunika dziwe. Sakonda nkhalango zowirira zakuda. M'nyengo yozizira imawulukira kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Europe, Asia Asia komanso kumpoto kwa Africa.

Chakudya cha Browbrower

Belobrovik amapeza chakudya chachikulu padziko lapansi: nyongolotsi, mabulangete, tizilombo, ndi anapiyewo amadyetsedwanso. Chingwe cha beaver chimakonda tizirombo tating'onoting'ono: osati kungokwawa pamtengo, komanso kukhala pansi pa khungwa, komanso mbozi, mphutsi ndi tizilombo tina tikufuna kudya pamtengowu, chimatha kukhala chakudya cha tchire loyera. Mbalame yanjala imalanso zakudya zina zomanga thupi: kafadala, akangaude, agulugufe, agulugufe, nyongolotsi zosiyanasiyana, maulesi, komanso masamba: mbewu, mphukira, masamba. Zipatso za mbalamezi ndizakoma - ndizosangalala kudya zonse ziwiri ndi zamkati. Choyamba iwo amadya sitiroberi, mabulosi abuluu, rasipiberi, kenako lingonberry, currants, kumpoto - mabulosi, mawanga, ndi m'minda - yamatcheri, plums, gooseberries.

Adani achilengedwe

Choopsa chachikulu pamtunduwu chimapangidwa ndi nyama ndi mbalame kusaka mazira ndi anapiye am'madzi oyera-oyera: agologolo, agalu, ochenjera, akhwangwala, mitengo yamatope, etc. Foxes ndi ena omwe amadyera masisitere amabweretsa mavuto kwa akuluakulu, ngakhale samanunkha chisa.

Zofunika! Makamaka mazira ambiri amafa kumayambiriro kwa nesting, masamba atachedwa ndi kutembenukira.

Zikatero, zisa sizinabisidwe mu tsamba ndipo zimagwira ngati nyama ya furry komanso yopaka utoto.. A Whitebrowers omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu amatha kukwiya ndi ziweto zomwe zikuwononga zisa za kuminda kapena amphaka amodzi kapena agalu, kuwawononga kapena kuwopseza mbalame ndi anapiye awo.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Chithaphwi chakuda chikuyamba kukhala chisa mchaka, en masse: kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Zomera za nyumba yamtsogolo zitha kukhala hemp, ndi mitengo yaying'ono ngakhale zitsamba, ndipo zisa zomwe zili pamtunda wawung'ono pamwamba pamtunda.

Zinthu zomangamanga ndi nthambi zowuma, mizu, udzu ndi masamba. Clay ndi nthaka zimagwira monga chomangira. Makolo amtsogolo amayesa kubisa chisa chooneka ngati chikho.

Ndizosangalatsa! Pomanga ,ikazi imayikira mazira oyamba mu sabata ndikuyamba kuyiyamwa ndi yamphongo kwa milungu iwiri. Mu ma clutch 2-6 mazira amakhala amaso amaso ndi mawanga ofiira.

Anapiwewo atabadwa zimatenga nthawi yofananayo kuti akhale ndi mphamvu ndikuyamba kuyesayesa pawokha kuwuluka ndikudzipezera chakudya. Koma mpaka pano, makolo onse awiri akutenga nawo gawo pa kudyetsa ndi kusamalira, zomwe zimapitilira mpaka nthawi imeneyo, mpaka anapiye atakonzeka kwathunthu kukhala odziyimira pawokha. Pakupita milungu iwiri ndi hafu, anapiye am'miyendo amasiya zisa zawo kuti akakhale ndi moyo ndi chakudya pansi.

Nthawi yomweyo amayenda maulendo ataliatali, koma achikulire amasintha mayendedwe awo ndi mawu. Zidzatenga masiku ena 7-10 kuti anapiyewo akule ndi kuti makolo awo asiye kuwayang'anira. Ngati ana amakula mwachangu ndikuchoka chisa kwamuyaya, ndiye kuti achikaziwo amatha kuchita zina.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Pakadali pano, mitundu iyi ya akuda ili, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 50 kapena kuposa miliyoni ndipo sakhala omwe ali pangozi.
Komabe, ku Europe, mbalame yofiirayo ndi yamtundu wa mbalame zomwe zimayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwongolera magawidwe ake kuti ateteze komanso kupewa kuti chiwopsezo chichepe kwambiri.

Zikwangwani za Permian tetrapod zopezeka ku Inner Mongolia

M'chigawo cha China cha Inner Mongolia, zikwangwani ziwiri zochokera nthawi ya Permian zapezeka. Malinga ndi akatswiri a paleontologists, omanga awa m'malo okhala anali ma tetrapod akulu, ochepera pang'ono kukula ndi osunga masamba. Anthu omwe akuti amakhala m'maenjewo akuti.

Maselo am'mitsempha amagwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo wowoneka bwino

Ofufuza ku Carnegie Mellon University apeza njira yatsopano yolumikizirana pakati pa ma neuron ndi ma synapses aubongo wamunthu. Mauthenga pa izi adasindikizidwa mu magazini yotchedwa Current Biology. Kulumikizana kwamitsempha muubongo wamunthu Zinaonekeratu kuti pali gulu lonse la zoletsa.

Akatswiri opanga ma Microbiologists anadziwa mbiri yokhudza kusadwala

Kafukufuku wokhudza ubale wapakati pa ma bacteria ndi ma bacteria a bacteriophage athandiza asayansi kumvetsetsa momwe chitetezo chosavuta kwambiri m'thupi chinachokera. "Kuwerenga bwino za zidutswa za kachidindo ka winawake mu genomes ya mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana kungathandize kupeza zofooka zawo, chifukwa chake, kupanga zatsopano.

General mawonekedwe

Kutalika 22 cm, kulemera sikumapitirira 60. Mtunduwo ndi wonyezimira (wonyezimira) kumsana komanso wopepuka wokhala ndi mawanga akuda (azitundu wa azitona) pansi. Mbali za chifuwa ndi nthenga za m'munsi za mapikowo zimakhala zofiira. Diso loyera ngati chikaso pamwamba pamaso, motero dzina lachi Russia la mbalameyi. Yaikazi imawoneka bwino kuposa wamphongo.

Kufalitsa

Amakhala kumpoto kwa Europe ndi Asia, zisa kumpoto kwa Europe ndi Asia komanso ku Himalayas, zimasamukira kumadera akumwera nthawi yozizira, kupita ku Africa.

Kalelo m'zaka za zana la 19, Belobrovik anali osowa kwambiri ku Russia; kubereka kwake kunali kosayembekezereka komanso kwamkuntho. Mlandu wopambana ndikuwonekera kwadzidzidzi mu park ya Forest Institute pafupi ndi St. Petersburg mwa mbalame zambiri mu 1901. Adakhazikika pamalopo nthawi yomweyo ndipo sanathenso pakiyo. Pambuyo pake, pamene pakiyo sinakhale chete komanso yosiyidwa, omenyera ufuluwo adayamba kukhazikika chaka ndi chaka ndikumatulutsa anapiye.

Masiku ano, mbalameyi imatha kupezeka m'malo ena, m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Russia ndi USSR yakale.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Chakudya cha browbrowers chimakhala makamaka ndi tizilombo, earthworms, agulugufe osiyanasiyana ndi mbozi. Zivomezi, munthawi yakudyetsa anapiye, anyaniwo amabweretsa milomo yawo osagwirizana kamodzi, koma gulu lonse, lomwe limalowa mchisa, kenaka limagawidwa pakati pa anapiye. Njira yopezera chakudya mu mbalamezi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi njira ya nyimbo yokokomeza komanso yolimba.

Kuchoka ku chisa

Anapiye atachoka pachisa, ndipo izi zimachitika patadutsa masiku 10-12 atabadwa, amakhala pansi. Iwo, ngakhale asakudziwa kuuluka, ndiwotsogola kwambiri ndipo amayenda mtunda wautali kunyumba kwawo. Komabe, sataya wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa amamva mawu a wina ndi mnzake, ndipo makolo amawongolera zochita za ana awo, kuwonetsa komwe angapite. Mwana wankhuku akangodziwa kuuluka, kuyenda kwake kumachulukanso, koma amangochokapo pokhapokha akakhala pangozi.

Amuna achichepere amayamba kuyimba ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zitatu ndi zinai, kumakhala kovuta kuitcha kuyimba, koma zikhulupiriro zonsezi ndi chiyambi chabe.

Ndege ndi Maulendo

M'nyengo yonse ya chilimwe, osamukira kudziko lina amakhala osamukasamuka, akusunthasuntha kumalo ena kupita kwina, amasuntha panthawi yomwe anapiye akukumana, ndipo pofika Ogasiti-Seputembala amayamba kukhala kuthawa kwanyengo. Belobroviki mwachangu amauluka usiku, akukonzekera kuthawa. Zizindikiro zoyitanitsa ndi zazikulu ndipo zimamveka mu mdima pamwamba pa nkhalango, mapaki ndi mzindawu. Mbalame zimawuluka, monga lamulo, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena mosawerengeka, chifukwa cha zothandizira zake, zimazindikira bwino malo odyetserako ndipo zimawulukira m'magulu akulu.

Kusunthira kwanyumba kumakhala kofala kumapeto kwa Seputembara - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Anthu ena sanachedwe kuuluka ndipo amatha kuwoneka m'nkhalango ndi m'mapaki am'mizinda ngakhale koyambirira kwa Novembala. Kuchoka mochedwa kumeneku kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukolola bwino phulusa la kumapiri, pomwe ma red-browers amakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Pakhala pali nyengo zina za mbalamezi nthawi yachisanu, munthawiyi amayesa kukhala pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu amakhala ndi malo omwe kuli zipatso zambiri phulusa laphiri.

Kukazizira nyengo yozizira, ofiira owombera amauluka makamaka kumwera-kumadzulo kwa Europe, kumadzulo kwa France, Portugal ndi Italy. Mbalame zomwe zimakonda kuwombera ku Russia zimapezeka ku Belgium ngakhale pachilumba cha Corsica.

Mbalame zikagwidwa m'dera limodzi, sizitanthauza kuti nthawi yozizira zizikhala limodzi. Monga lamulo, iwo amauluka mtunda wautali, woyeza makilomita angapo. Madera ozizira nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndipo sakhala m'dera lililonse.

Kuyimba

Nyimbo ya Belobrovik imakhala ndi zilembo zitatu zosimba zomwe "qi-fli-hin, qi-fli-hin, qi-fli-hin", zomaliza ndikutulutsa mawu pang'ono. Kuyimbaku ndikubisalira kochenjera kwa "CCC".

Pomwe ma Browbrowers sakhala m'magulu olimba ndipo sangamve kuyimba, nyimboyo imamveka payokha ndipo aliyense amapanga nyimbo yake. Komabe, ngati gulu la mbalame zokhala ndi mbewa zofanana zili ndi phokoso lofananira kapena lofanana, izi sizitanthauza kuti gululi limaphatikizapo mbalame zogwirizana ndi abale. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti ana akuda akuda omwe amakhala obiriwira nthawi zambiri amabwerera komwe adabadwira. Zomwe zimapangidwira mbalamezi zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse ndi achinyamata omwe amabwera kuchokera kwina. Achinyamata onyamula mabulangete amatengera kuimba kwa mbalame zakale, kenako, nkupatsira mbadwo wina wotsatira. Chifukwa chake, "nyimbo yakumaloko" imakhala ndi yotsatira ndipo siyotayika kwa zaka.

Belobroviks amaimba pafupi ndi zisa m'malo osungirako, kuyimba kumapitilira mpaka pakati pa Julayi, kutengera ndi malo okhala zisa. Nthawi zina mumatha kumamva mbalame zikuyimba, koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri osati mtundu wa mbalame.