Steppe pika (pika yaing'ono) - nyama yomwe ili pagulu lofanana ndi kalulu, wokhala m'malo opezeka m'chipululu, m'nkhalango zodutsa komanso malo opondera.

Malo abwino okhala nyamazi ndi malo okhala ndi masamba ambiri. Kukhazikika kwa steppe pikas ndizochepa, kumakhala gawo la kumwera kwa Russia ndi kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan, ndiye kuti, amakhala m'maderako kuchokera ku Volga kupita ku Mongolia.

Nyama izi zimakonda kuweta. Amawonetsa zochitika usiku. Tizilombo tambiri timakumbanso mabowo omwe timakhala tili ndi zida zambiri zopangira ndi zotulutsa.

Maonekedwe a pika yaying'ono

Nyamazo zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 20, zimalemera kuchokera ku magalamu 150 mpaka 280. Makutu ndi ang'ono, ozungulira, oderako.

Makutu amakongoleredwa ndi malire owala, koma mkati mwa auricle pamakhala mzere wakuda. Mchira wake ndi waufupi kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosatheka kuzindikira. Kutalika kwa masharubu kumafika masentimita 5.

M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya wautoto umakhala wonyezimira komanso wowoneka bwino, nthawi yozizira, ubweya wowoneka bwino, utoto umasowa, pomwe umakhala wonenepa. Steppe pikas molt 2 pachaka - yophukira ndi masika.

Khalidwe ndi zakudya za pika yaying'ono

Mtunduwu umakhala ndi subspecies 2 - subspecies yaku Asia ndi ku Europe. European steppe pikas amakhala kumadzulo kwa mitundu mpaka ku Urals. Mabungwe aku Asia amakhala ku Kazakhstan ndi madera aku Asia m'dziko lathu.

Oyimira aku Asia amtunduwu ndi okulirapo pang'ono kukula kwa anzawo aku Europe, pomwe ali ndi mtundu wowala. Palinso kusiyana pang'ono pakapangidwe ka chigaza. Kusiyana kwina kwamaphunziro pakati pa subspecies kulibe.

Steppe pikas amapanga nkhosa kapena mabanja. Komanso, banja lililonse limakhala ndi gawo lawolawo, lotetezedwa kwa alendo. Banja likupanga khola lalikulu la magawo obisika.

Nyama izi zimakhala ndi burobino kwakanthawi komanso kosatha. Malo osakhalitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisala msanga kwa adani, ndipo zipinda zodyeramo zam'madzi zimamangidwa m'makola osatha. Makamera awa amakhala ndi masamba ndi udzu. Kutuluka kuchokera kumabowo mpaka kalekale kumaphimba bwino pakati pa zomera kapena miyala.

Steppe pikas amadya zakudya za masamba: masamba, udzu, njere, zipatso ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Zinyama zam'nyengo yozizira zimapanga masheya. Zosungidwa sizikhala nazo, koma pafupi ndi khomo. The lalikulu banja, ndi kuchuluka kwa masheya omwe amapangidwa. Nyama zimatolera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, kukolola kumayamba mu Julayi.

M'nyengo yozizira, pikas ya steppe imayenda pansi pa chipale chofewa, ndipo nthawi zambiri samawombera pansi. Mu chipale chofewa, nyama zimakumbanso ndima, kutalika kwake komwe kumatha kufika mamiliyoni. Kuphatikiza pa nkhokwe, nyama izi zimadya udzu wouma komanso makungwa aang'ono zitsamba.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Nthawi yakukhwima imachitika mu Meyi-Ogasiti. Munthawi imeneyi, yaikazi imapanga malita awiri, iliyonse imakhala ndi ana 10. Mimba imatenga masabata a 3.5.

Ana amabadwa opanda khungu komanso amaliseche. Maso amatsegulidwa patsiku la 8, ndipo chovalacho chimawonekera patatha sabata. Mayiyo amadyetsa ana ake mkaka kwa milungu itatu. Pazaka 6, mwana amakhala wamkulu. Koma nyama zazing'ono sizisiyira makolo awo mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yotsatira, zikatha izi, anthu payekhapayokha amayamba kukhazikika ndikuyamba kupanga zoweta zawo. Kutalika kwa nyama nyama zakutchire ndi zaka zitatu.

Chiwerengero chochepa, a steppe pikas adalembedwa mu Red Book.

Kufotokozera

Ma pisahuks ndi ang'ono, akunja akufanana ndi nyama ya hamsters, komabe, kwenikweni ndi abale apamtima a ma hares omwe ali ndi zingwe zazifupi, makutu ozungulira ndi michira omwe sawoneka kwathunthu kunja. Kutalika kwa makutu m'mitundu yambiri sikupita kutalika kwa mutu.

Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 18-20. Mchirawo ndi wochepera 2 cm, ndipo suwoneka kuchokera kunja. Vibrissa ("masharubu") ndiwotalikirapo, mwa mitundu ina amochulukitsa kutalika kwa mutu. Zala zazala zala ndizovala, kapena zophimbidwa ndi mabisiketi atsitsi. Ubweya wake umakhala wodziwikiratu: nthawi yotentha imakhala yotuwa, yamchenga kapena yofiyira, nthawi yachisanu imakhala imvi. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumachokera magalamu 75 mpaka 290, kutengera mitundu.

Fomula wamano: I 2 1 C 0 0 P 3 2 M 2 3 = 26 chiwonetsero I <2 kupitilira 1> C <0 over 0> P <3 over 2> M <2 over 3> = 26 >.

Nthawi zambiri, pikas amadya zitsamba, zitsamba, mbewa ndi nyemba.

Ma Pisajkas amagwira ntchito masana komanso madzulo. Ngati musamala, amatha kuwoneka atakhala pamiyala, stump kapena mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yabodza. Mukasanthula mtunda, amadzuka, ndikuika zolamulira zawo pachinthu china, koma osakhala "mzati", monga akalulu, makoswe ndi adani ena amatero. Amakonda kwambiri nyengo yoipa ndipo amachepetsa kwambiri ntchito mvula isanatenge nthawi, kuletsa kukonzekera kwa forage tsiku limodzi kapena awiri nyengo isanayambe. Samachita hibernate, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira amadya udzu wokolola. Tizilomboti timatola udzu watsopano ndikuwuunjika mulu mpaka udzutse. Nthawi zina pikas amathira timiyala pamiyala yoti udzu usawombedwe ndi mphepo. Udzu ukangumauma, amausamutsa kudzenje kuti lisungidwe. Komabe, mapiri a alpine m'malo ena samawuma mbewu, koma amachotsa zatsopano. Nthawi zambiri, pikas zimaba udzu wina ndi mzake. Daurian pika nthawi zambiri amabzala "m'matayala" padziko lapansi. Mapiri amawona kutalika kwamiyala yamiyala kapena m'ming'alu pakati pa miyala.

Ma pikas ambiri ku Europe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu am'banja ndipo amagawana nawo ntchito yotola chakudya ndikuwunika zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Mitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, amfumu a North America O. ndi O. collaris) ndi malo ndipo amatsogolera moyo wobisika kunja kwa nyengo yakukula.

Kumpoto kwa mitunduyo kuswana kamodzi pachaka. Kuchuluka kum'mwera kumatulutsa ana 2-3 pachaka, 2- cubs iliyonse. Mimba imatenga masiku 25-30. Mosiyana ndi mavu, ndiomwe amakhala amodzi.

Khungu la pika ndi loonda, khungu limakhala losalimba ndipo silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ubweya. Sachita chidwi ndi zachuma.

Kugawa

Pikasu adzipatula ku ma lagomorph ena ku Oligocene. Mdziko lakale, amadziwika ku North Africa (Miocene), ku South-Western Europe: Hungary, Moldova, dera la Odessa Black Sea komanso madera ena a Southern Ukraine (Miocene-Pliocene). Ankakhala ku Western Europe. Pikas adalowa ku North America kuchokera ku Siberia pamtunda, pomwe panali pamalo a Bering Strait amakono.

Pakadali pano, pikas ambiri amakhala ku Asia (kumapiri a Volga, Southern Urals, Northern Kazakhstan, kumapiri a Central ndi Central Asia, China, kumpoto kwa Iran, Afghanistan, India, Burma, komanso kumadera akumapiri a Siberia ndi Far East, kumpoto Korea ndi Hokkaido), mitundu iwiri - ku North America, mtundu umodzi umakhala kum'mawa kwa Europe.

Mitundu yambiri ya pikas ndi yodziwika m'malo opezeka mapiri a mapiri. Pafupifupi theka la mitunduyi imachita miyala yamiyala yamiyala: miyala, miyala, mapanda. Pali mitundu yocheperako yamtchire yomwe imakhala pachithaphwi.

M'mafilimu aku Russia, mitundu 7 ya pikas imayimiriridwa. Pikha chaching'ono (steppe) chimadzaza mapiri a Orenburg ndi Kazakhstan, Daurian - mapesi a Tyva ndi Southern Transbaikalia. Altai ndi pikas akumpoto amakhala kumapiri ndi nkhalango kudera lonse la Siberia, komwe kuli miyala, miyala ya ku Mongolia imapezeka ku Mongolia kokha, komanso kumapiri okongola a kumwera kwa Tyva. A Khentei pika amakhala kudera la Russia pamalo okwera kamodzi kokha ku Trans-Baikal Territory (Ehrman ridge), pomwe a Manchurian amakhala pamiyala pakati pa Shilka ndi Argun.

Masanjidwe

Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu iwiri:

• Mabungwe aku Europe. European steppe pikas amakhala kumadzulo kwa mitundu mpaka ku Urals. Mabungwe aku Asia amakhala ku Kazakhstan ndi madera aku Asia m'dziko lathu.
• Mabungwe aku Asia. Oyimira aku Asia amtunduwu ndi okulirapo pang'ono kukula kwa anzawo aku Europe, pomwe ali ndi mtundu wowala. Palinso kusiyana pang'ono pakapangidwe ka chigaza.

Kusiyana kwina kwamaphunziro pakati pa subspecies kulibe.

Habitat

Ma Pisahuks amakonda kukhala m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Mitundu ina imakhala m'miyala yamiyala m'miyala yamiyala, pomwe pamakhala miyala ingapo yobisala kwa adani, pomwe ina kukumba mabowo. Mitundu ingapo ya pikas imakhala mu steppe. Zimbudzi zawo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi zipinda zingapo pazolinga zosiyanasiyana - malo okhala malo osungira, zina. Mapangidwe amtunda omwe ndi oyenera kwambiri kukhala m'matanthwe (zazikulu-tsered, zofiira) zomwe zimakhala pamiyala ikuluikulu sizikukumba mabowo konse ndikukonzekera Zisa zokha mu ma waya pakati pa miyala ndi ming'alu yamiyala ikung'ambika. Altai pikas amathanso kukhazikika panja, pansi pa mitengo, m'miyala yamitengo yakugwa, komwe amakulitsa ndikutsitsa malo ake. Kukumba mabowo ndi kodziwika kwambiri mwa nzika zakutali - mbidzi zakuda, Daurian, Mongolia ndi steppe pikas.

Mitundu yonse imakhala ya atsamunda mosiyanasiyana. Makumi, mazana, ndipo nthawi zina nyama zikwizikwi zimakhala m'midzi. Malo okhala ndi olekanitsidwa wina ndi mazana angapo mamita, nthawi zina makilomita. Pakakhala ngozi, pakumveketsa kuwoneka - kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumakhala ndi mluzu kapena twitter.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Chakudya cha pikas chaching'ono chili ndi zigawo ziwiri - zitsamba zokhotakhota ndi ma forbs. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, pikas amadya zouma zomera chaka chatha komanso zitsamba zobiriwira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso, nthawi yotentha, zimayamwa kwambiri, komanso zimadyanso masamba, udzu, mbewu, zipatso, ndi mphukira zazing'ono.

Nyama zimatolera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, kukolola kumayamba mu Julayi. The lalikulu banja, ndi kuchuluka kwa masheya omwe amapangidwa. Amakolola udzu poyika udzu m'miyambi yam'madzi, kapena nthawi zambiri mumakomo omwe ali pafupi ndi mabawo.

Kutalika kwa matumbaku kungafike masentimita 45!

Kenako, nthawi ndi nthawi, ikani udzu kuti uume (kuchokera apa pamabwera dzina lawo lina - senostavki) M'matangadza, mitundu 60 ya mitengo imapezeka.

M'nyengo yozizira, pika imakonda kuyenda pansi pa chipale chofewa, kusiya pamwamba pokhapokha pakufunika. Kutalika konse kwa masamba okutidwa ndi chipale chofikira kumatha kufika 40 mita. Amamadya pa udzu wouma kuchokera m'matumba omwe akolola. Kuphatikiza pa malo osungira, nyamazo zimadya udzu wouma ndi makungwa aang'ono achitsamba, ma bulabu, mababu, nthambi, moss, lichens.

Mkhalidwe ndi Chitetezo

Mtundu wa steppe pika pano ndi umodzi mwa tizilombo tosowa kwambiri ku Europe. Choyimira chachikulu chomwe chadzetsa kutsika kwa pika yaying'ono ndi ntchito za anthu, makamaka ulimi, motsatana ndi kulima madera anamwali a steppe.

Zotsatira zake, malo omwe nyama iyi - nkhokwe za zitsamba za steppe - zimatha. Ma Pisahuks amakakamizidwa kuti atulutse mu ma biotope osagwirizana nawo, pomwe amafera pomwepo.

Steppe Pika Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN , mabuku ofiira a Russia ndi Wa ku Kazakhstan. Mkhalidwe - IV gulu. Tizilomboti timatetezedwa m'malo osungirako angapo, monga: Orenburgsky State Nature Reserve, Arkaim Museum-Reserve, etc.

Monga chitetezo, pikas m'magawo ena akulimbikitsidwa:

• Kulima kwa nkhokwe
• kuteteza chilengedwe kuti asunge ziwembu,
• Kukonzanso malo osokoneza,
• Kapangidwe ka malo obisalirako patchire mopitilira muyeso wobzala.

Wamba wa Pischa

Mbalame wamba ya pika, mafotokozedwe ake omwe ali munkhaniyi, ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula, ang'ono ngati mpheta. Ali ndi mchira wowuma, wowongoka. Bill ndi wautali, wowoneka ngati chikwakwa, wowonda. Zilonda zazifupi ndi zofunda zamphamvu. Kutalika kwa thupi lamphongo ndi kuyambira 110 mpaka 155 mm, kwa akazi - kuyambira 121 mpaka 145 mm. Kulemera kwa pikas kumachokera magalamu 7 mpaka 9.5.

Amakwawa mokongola kudutsa mitengo, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira wake wolimba kuti athandizike. Imakwera chimtengo, nthawi zonse kuyamba kuchoka pansi, mosazungulira, kuzungulira thunthu. Ikawulukira ku nthambi ina, nthawi zonse imakhala yotsika kuposa kale. Ndipo ayambanso kuwuka kuchokera pansi kupita m'mwamba.

Imasunthika mwachidule ndipo mulomo umalowetsedwa mumsalu uliwonse. Mbalameyi ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha mlomo wake wochepa thupi, pika imatulutsa mphutsi zomwe zimayikidwa ndi tizirombo ta mitengo. Koma samatsata tizilombo tothamanga komanso touluka.

Mbalame zomwe zimatha kuthamanga pamtengo mitengo.

Kuphatikiza pa nuthatch, palinso mbalame ina yamtchire yathu yomwe imatha kuyenda pamitengo yosalala - pika. Samasiyanso kwawo komwe amakhala ndikuyenda m'madambo nthawi yonse yozizira ndi titmouse, nuthatch ndi mbalame zina. Koma, chifukwa cha liwu lofuula komanso machitidwe ogwira ntchito, wopenga ndi wosavuta kupeza, ndiye kuti simungathe kuwona kufinya, ngakhale mutayang'anitsitsa gulu lodyetsa kwa nthawi yayitali, mbalame yaying'ono iyi imakhala mwamtendere komanso mwakachetechete. Pomwe, kuti mumvetse bwino pika, mupeza gulu la mbalame mu spruce, chinthu choyamba chomwe mungakopeke nacho kwambiri ndi zida zamagetsi - ma chubby imvi yoyera yokhala ndi zipewa zakuda. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ambiri pagululo, ndipo amakhala akusuntha nthawi zonse: mwina akudumphira panthambi za mtengo wa aspen wachichepere, amasanthula mbali zonse, ndiye kuti amagwera pansi kapena matalala, akuseka masamba oyamba kapena udzudzu wa udzudzu kuchokera pakokolola chipale chofewa kapena nthangala zosakhwima ndi mitengo ya payini. Muonanso ma tini ena: ma grenadi opaka ma bulauni okhala ndi nsapato zofiirira komanso maimili amtundu wamtali pamutu pawo, a Muscovites ang'ono akuda amtundu wowala kumbuyo kwa mitu yawo - amakonda kupenda shaggy spruce paws. Imvani "tweet-tweet" yabwino ndikupeza ndi maso a nuthatch kulumpha nthambi yayikulu kapena kuyenda pamtengo. Mbira yayikulu yodontha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayenda ndi gulu la mbalame, imadzipatsa liwu lokhala ndi mawu kapena kugunda mofewa.

Koma pika ili kuti iwe umafuna kuti uziwona ndi iti? Khalani oleza mtima komanso osamala. Nayi mbalame yaying'ono yopaka utoto yosawoneka bwino idawonekera kumbuyo kwa mitengo ndikugwera pamtengo wamtengo wa Khrisimasi pafupi ndi nthaka. Ndipo modzidzimutsa iye anakwatakwela thunthu, ndikumakulirakulira. Ino ndiye pika. Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi pafupifupi 14 cm, i.e. chimodzimodzi ngati mutu, zimangokhala chifukwa cha mulomo wautali ndi mchira wautali kuposa wamphongo. Ndipo kulemera kwa pika kumangokhala pafupifupi 8.5 g. Imakhala yopepuka katatu kuposa nuthatch.

Bwerani pafupi. Chakudyacho sichikhala chamanyazi, ngakhale kuti zingachitike, misewu, mbali zam'mphepete mwenimweni mwa thunthu. Koma munatha kale kupanga, kutalika komanso kupindika ngati kakang'ono kakang'ono, mulomo, bulauni, lalitali, komanso mikwingwirima pamapiko ndi yayitali komanso yotsikika, ngati mtengo, mchira, pomwe mbalame imapumira poyenda. Ndipo ikadzawonekeranso kumbuyo kwa thunthu, muona kuti mbali yakumunsi kuyambira pachimake mpaka mchira imayera.

Kuwona momwe pika imayendera pamtondo, ndikuyerekeza ndi kambuku, munthu angazindikire kuti kukwera kwa mbalamezi ndikosiyana. Chingwe, ngati chidole cha wotchi, chimathamangira pamtengo ndikutsika pansi ndikuwongolera pansi ndipo m'nthawi yochepa chimatha kuyang'ana zigawo zazikulu za thunthu ndi nthambi zazikulu. Pika, atakhala pa thunthu pafupi ndi buttara lokha, imayamba kukwawa pang'onopang'ono m'miyala yaying'ono, ndikumamatira ku khungubwe ndi malekezero a nthenga zolimba komanso zopindika za mchira. Ngati pika ikufunika kusunthira mbali, imayika malo ake mwamphamvu, ndikuwatsata, ndikusunthira njira yomwe idasankhidwa. Ngati mukufuna kupita pang'ono, musunthire pang'ono, mutatsamira mchira wake ndikukweza mutu wake. Iye sangathe kupita pansi ngati nutatch. Zowona, kukulira kunthambi yopingasa, pika imatha kuyendayenda kuchokera kumbali zonsezo. Pofika pafupi pamwamba, pika imawulukira pansi pa thunthu lina ndikuyamba kukwera chatsopano.

Pakuyang'ambika pamiyendo, pika wokhala ndi mulomo wowonda wowongoka amayang'anitsitsa khola lililonse kapena kakhwangwala nkhuni, ndikusankha ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono obisika kapena dzanzi kuchokera kuzizira.Ma pikas odyetsa kwambiri amatha kuwoneka pa conifers: spruces ndi pine. Koma amayang'ananso mitengo ina ndipo nthawi yozizira-yozizira imasamukira m'minda ya zipatso, ndikutsuka mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ya apulo, mapeyala ndi mitengo ina yazipatso kuchokera kuzilombo zowopsa.

M'nyengo yotentha, kafadala ndimadongosolo azakudya za pikas, makamaka mavuvu, kafadala, ndi maudzu a masamba. M'nyengo yozizira - nsikidzi zomwezo, komanso utoto ndi nseru. Amawononga mazira ambiri a Lepidoptera: scoop, moths, bagpipes. Mbewu za conifers zimathandizanso kwambiri pakudya kwa nyengo yachisanu, makamaka pafupi ndi masika, pomwe ma cones amayamba kutseguka. Ku Siberia, ngakhale tizidutswa ting'onoting'ono ta mitengo ya paini nthawi zina amapezeka m'matumbo a ma pikes - mbalame zimazinyamula kumalo komwe zimadyetsa mitengo, mitengo ya paini ndi ma jay. Kunena zowona, zotsalira za gome la mbuyeyo.

Pamapeto pa tsiku, madzulo, pikas ananyamuka kuti akagone. Ndi okhawo, amakwera mumdzenje kapena kufinya pansi pa khungwa lotsala. Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo oterowo amabisala usiku, osati nthawi yozizira komanso chilimwe. Sizovuta kuti nyama zodya nyama, makamaka mbalame, kuti zikwere mtengo womwe wakhazikika pansi pa khungubwi, ndipo nthawi yozizira, zikuwoneka kuti usiku sizikhudzidwa ndi zilombo, koma ndi chisanu chachikulu. Pambuyo pausiku kwambiri chisanu, ndinapeza miliri yozizira pansi pa mitengo.

Mawu a squeak ndi mzungu wabata wokhala ndi zolemba zazing'ono za "tsii-tsii." Mutha kumva kuyimba uku pafupi. Ndipo nyimbo yanyengo, ngakhale yokhala chete, koma yosasangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa kwa khutu, imakhala ndi timapepala tothamanga.

Munkhalango za pakati panyimbo, pikas zimatha kumveka nthawi zina kumapeto kwa February. Amagawidwa pamitengo ikuluikulu ya Khrisimasi, mu korona wakuda momwe zingakhale zovuta kuzindikira woyimba pang'ono. Kumayambiriro koyambira, kukadali ndi nyimbo zina zingapo m'nkhalangomo, mutha kumvetsera mawu a anthu osokoneza mosasokoneza. Koma mu Epulo, mbalame zambiri zikamabwerako kuchokera nyengo yachisanu, kuyimba kwamayi kwamtendere kumataika mu kwaya wamba.

Pestling nthawi zambiri imayamba kukhala pakati pa Russia kuyambira theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Posankha malo a chisa, pika ndi choyambirira kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri samadwala mpikisano wokhala malo. Mbalameyi imatha kuwerengeredwa zisa zopanda kanthu pokhapokha pokhapokha. Kwambiri, ma pikas achikazi (ndipo amamanga chisa chokha) amakopeka ndi mitundu yonse yazing'onoting'ono. Uku ndi kuwonongeka kwakukuru mumtengo kapena mgawo wamtengo wosweka, malo ocheperako pansi pa khungwa lotseguka la chitsa chachitali cha birch, kapena kabowo kakang'ono koteroko komwe sikungatheke kukopa mbalame ina iliyonse.

Atapeza malo oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chisa, pika imayamba kubowola nthambi zanthete kapena nthambi za birch ndikupanga pansi pawo. Chifukwa cha kufupika kwa kholilo lomwe lidasankhidwira chisa, chisa cha ma pikes chimatha kuthinikizidwa mwamphamvu kuchokera kumbali, ndipo malekezero a nthambi zowuma nthawi zambiri amatuluka kuchokera pagawo kapena pansi pa khungwa. Pakati pa chisa amayiyika njerwa yaying'ono yozungulira 4.5-5 masentimita ndi 33,5 cm. Lokhala ndi zinthu zofewa zofunda: ulusi wazomera, ubweya wa anthu okhala ndi miyendo inayi m'nkhalango zam'deralo ndi nthenga zazing'ono zaz mbalame. Tidayendera m'nkhalangomo kumapeto kwa Epulo, katswiri wodziwa zachilengedwe atha kuzindikira momwe mbalame yaying'ono pansi pake imatulutsira kumbali ina ndi nthambi zouma kapena gulu lonse lazinthu zofewa mkamwa mwake.

Chifukwa chakumanga kwachilendo ndi komwe kuli, chisa cha agologolo, komanso chisa cha nuthatch, chimatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zisa za mbalame zina ngakhale mbalame zomwezo sizikhala pafupi kapena chisa sichinasiyidweko ndi anapiye akuluakulu.

Nthawi zambiri, pika yachikazi imayamba kuyikira mazira theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Nthawi zina, pazifukwa zina, monga nyengo yayitali, mbalame imasiya kumanga chisa, kenako kuyambirako kumachedwetsedwa pafupifupi mwezi. Koma mwachizolowezi, theka lachiwiri la Meyi, zisa za pikas zizikhala zodzala dzira kapena anapiye. Pestle imayikira mazira anayi mpaka 7 (nthawi zambiri 6-7). Mazira a pika kukula kwa 15 x 11 mm ndi kutalika pafupifupi 1.11.2 g ndi amodzi mwa ang'ono kwambiri omwe amapezeka mu zisa za mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Russia. Asitikali ndi mafumu okha ndi mazira ang'ono. Mazira ndi khungu loyera, lokhala ndi mawanga ofiira ochepa, omata pang'ono kumapeto. Mazira a mbalame zina zambiri zakutchire, monga ma tini, ali ndi utoto wofanana. Koma ma ripples ofiira pa iwo nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu komanso kukula kwa madontho ndi okulirapo.

Pikas yaikazi yokha imalowetsa zowonda ndendende masabata awiri, ndipo yamphongo imadyetsa nthawi imeneyi. Anapiyewo akamaswa, wamkazi amatulutsa zigamba za mazira ndikuwaponyera kutali ndi chisa. Ambiri odutsa amachita izi, koma sindinapezeko zigoba za dzira lamatumbo. Mwina sataya zipolopolo kunja kwake.

Pakadutsa masiku 15 atadulidwa, pikas achinyamata adachoka pachisa. Sanadziwe kuuluka ndipo, atatuluka m'nyumba yochepetsetsa, akunyamula thunthu. Malinga ndi utoto, ogwiritsira ntchito (dzina loti "puffs",, sialiwabwino kwambiri chifukwa iwo amasiya chisa poyenda) ndipo siosiyana kwambiri ndi mbalame zachikulire. Koma amazindikirika mosavuta ndi mulomo wamfupi wokhala ndi mulomo wachikasu wachikasu m'makamwa pakamwa. Mapiko ndi mchira wake zikuwoneka zazifupi, chifukwa nthenga ndi nthenga sizinakulirebe bwino ndipo zimatuluka m'zolemba za lipenga. Magulu amtambo wautali wowonekera amawoneka pamutu pa pika wachichepere, kupatsa anapiyewo mawonekedwe oseketsa komanso okhudza mtima. Nditawona koyamba pecker ikungotuluka chisa, zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri kwa ine pomwepo ndimafuna kuyiyimba. Koma anapiyewo sanangokhala phee kwa mphindi imodzi ndipo nthawi yonseyo amayesera kukwawa. Chifukwa chake chithunzi chabwino, mwatsoka, sichinagwire ntchito.

Pikas wamkulu amadyetsa ana awo aamuna kwa masiku ena 10. Panthawi imeneyi, nthenga zimakula m'miyendo yaying'ono ndipo mitolo yamwano pamutu imazimiririka. Posakhalitsa, anapiyewo amayamba kudziyimira pawokha.

Ngakhale atangoyamba kumene kugona nesting, ma pikas amakhala ndi kaseti kamodzi pa nyengo.

Kuphatikiza pa zofala (Certhia Familifris), ku Russia mutha kupezanso pika yaifupi (C. brachydactila). Mtunduwu umafalikira munkhalango za Western ndi Southern Europe, Asia Minor ndi North Africa (Algeria). Koma tili ndi pika wamtundu waufupi titha kuwoneka kokha m'nkhalango zowuma za Caucasus komwe kuli pafupi ndi Sochi. Komabe, kunja kwake ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi pika wamba kuti ndi akatswiri odziwa zachilengedwe kapena katswiri wazamaphunziro azitha kuzindikira izi. Pika wokhala ndi fupi fupi amasiyana ndi wamba poti chifuwa chake ndi m'mimba zimakhala zowala kwambiri, popanda ubweya wowonda, ndipo tint yofiirira imapezeka mu utoto wakumbuyo, komabe, imafotokozedwa mofooka. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa mbalamezi ndi mawu awo. Pecker yazala lalifupi limakweza mawu kwambiri komanso motsika - "tweet-tweet", ndipo nyimboyo ikufanana ndi nyimbo ya mphodza wamba.

Ku West, pika wamtundu waufupi nthawi zambiri amakhala m'makoma a nyumba zamatabwa ngakhale m'matabwa a mitengo.

M'mapiri a mapiri a Central Asia, a Tien Shan ndi a Himalayas, a Himalayan pika (C. himalayana) amakhala. Imakhala yayikulu pang'ono kuposa wamba, mpaka 15 cm, yokhala ndi mulomo wawutali ndi nthenga zopota zakumapeto. Imasungidwa bwino, malo amodzi, muming'alu ya mitengo ikuluikulu, ndi zisa.

Mwathunthu, pamtundu wa pikas weniweni (Certhia), pali mitundu ya 5-8. Onsewa amasiyana makulidwe ang'onoang'ono (10-15 cm kutalika ndi 8-10 g kulemera) ndipo ali ofanana kwambiri. Amapezeka munkhalango za ku Eurasia, North America ndi North Africa.

Ma Pisahuks ndi amodzi amtundu womwewo. Banjali lili ndi mtundu umodzi ndi mitundu 20. Nyama zimakhala kumadera ozizira ku Asia komanso kumapiri omwe amatuluka kugombe lakumadzulo kwa North America. Pizukhs amatulutsa mawu amitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera pamlingo wofuula mpaka pa twitter. Kapangidwe ka matupi awo, nyama zing'onozing'onozi zimafanana ndi nkhumba za Guinea. Amakhala ndi makutu amfupi komanso osiyanasiyana, tsitsi lalifupi komanso mchira wofiyira. Mtundu wa chovalachi ndi imvi mpaka bulauni. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 12 mpaka 25 cm, kutengera mitundu. Kulemera: 100-400 g.

Pikas ambiri amakhala m'chipululu, mchenga ndi miyala. Pikas ena amakhala kumapiri, ena kumapiri. Mitundu monga steppe pika imakhala, ngati akalulu, m'mabanja akuluakulu mu burows mobisa. Ma pikas aku America nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wawo pawokha m'madera awo, omwe malire awo amadziteteza mwachangu kwa oimira mitundu yawo. Madera amapezeka kuti amuna ndi akazi ndi oyandikana, nthawi zina ngakhale nyumba zawo zimagwirizanitsidwa. Altai pikas nthawi zambiri amasungidwa awiriawiri. Ma pikas onse amatsogolera moyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso amadya okha. M'nyengo yozizira, sakhala hibernate, chifukwa cha kugwa amapanga masheya nthawi yachisanu.

Nthawi zambiri pikas amapitilira kudya m'mawa kapena madzulo. Amadya mitundu yambiri yazomera, kumakudulira mano ndi mano onga chisel. Nsagwada yapansi imasunthira mbali ndi mbali. Pofufuza chakudya, nyama zimadutsa gawo lawo. Mukuduwa akuyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kusonkhanitsa zakudya zochulukirapo nthawi yozizira. Pikas ena, asanabisalire pobisalira pakati pa miyala, amawumitsa udzu padzuwa. A Pishukha amakonza "matumba" pamapeto, nthawi zambiri amawayika miyala kuti mphepo isawombere udzu. Alpine pika amadziwika chifukwa chakuti sumauma mbewu, koma "amatuta" mwatsopano. Monga maula ndi akalulu, pika amadya zinyalala zake, akumamwa mavitamini ofunikira komanso chakudya.

Pikas omwe amakhala m'malo obisika mobisa amakhala ndi ana ambiri. Ochulukira kwambiri mwa iwo ndi steppe pika. M'malo okhala ndi zomera zopanda nyama, nyama sizikhala ndi mwayi wobisala kwa zimzake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri achuluke. Munthawi ya kubereka, yomwe imatenga miyezi ingapo kwa chaka, ma pikas achikazi amakhala ndi ana 3-4, omwe amodzi amatenga ana awiri mpaka 2 mpaka 13. Pikas omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa mitundu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ana opitilira chaka chimodzi. Mimba ndi yochepa kwambiri, imangokhala masiku 25-30. Pazaka 5, ana ake amayenda mozungulira, ngakhale amakhala khungu, chifukwa maso amatha kutseguka masiku 8-9 atabadwa. Ng'ombe zimadya mkaka wa m'mawere kwa milungu itatu. Patatha masiku 3-4 atachotseredwa mkaka, achinyamata pikas kusiya chisa ndi kuyamba kudya udzu. Pikas achichepere amatha kulowa msinkhu wazaka 30.

"Haystacks" a pikas aku America amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Wapa pikitala aliyense amasunga msipu wa 16-20 kg yozizira. Ma pie, omwe amakhala ku Siberia, amapanga ngalande pansi pa chisanu. Mitsempha yamiyendo ya nyama imakutidwa ndi tsitsi, yomwe imayendetsa kayendedwe kake pamiyala yosalala. Ma pie, omwe amakhala ku Mongolia, amapanga mipanda yawo yamiyala mpaka mita imodzi.

Mpaka zaka za zana la 18, ma pikas sanafotokozeredwe, chifukwa amakhala kumadera akutali, opanda anthu. Masiku awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama zothandizira.

Zinthu Zofananira:

Pisukhs, kapena senostavtsy, m'malingaliro anga, ndi amodzi mwamtundu wonga hare. Sindikukumbukira ndendende nthawi yomwe ndidadziwa za iwo, koma kuyambira pamenepo sindinasiye malingaliro ofuna kupita kutchuthi kuti ndikadziwane ndi nyama izi. Ndipo nthawi yozizira ndi ma pikas akugona (ayi, sagona, koma zambiri pambuyo pake) mobisa, pali nthawi yophunzira mwatsatanetsatane zonse zomwe zimadziwika za iwo.

Chifukwa chake, ma pikas, amakhalanso senostavtsy kapena senostavki, genus Ochotona. Zoyenda kuchokera ku kalulu wotsogola (pagululi, kuphatikiza ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, adatinso mahatchi ndi akalulu). Pali mbalame zambewu (Certhia, nazonso, panjira, gulu losangalatsa kwambiri), koma za izo nthawi ina.

Habitus. Kutalika kwa masentimita pafupifupi sentimita 20, mchirawo ndi wocheperako komanso wosaoneka. Zikuwoneka ngati zazing'ono zokhala ndi ma hares kapena hamsters. M'chilimwe, khungu limakhala lofiirira, nthawi yozizira limawala.

Ma pie - zolengedwa zokongola

Kugawa. Senostavants amakhala ku North America (mitundu iwiri), Europe (1 mitundu) ndi Asia (mitundu yambiri, kuchokera kudera la Volga kupita ku Myanmar). Ku Russia, tili ndi mitundu 7. Pafupifupi kwa onse ochokera ku Moscow ndi mapiri a dera la Orenburg ndi Kazakhstan. Ndi za kumeneko ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndipite. Zingachitike, mapu ogawa, pikas mwadzidzidzi amakhala pafupi nanu?

Kugawa kwa Pikas ku Eurasia

Kudya. Timayandikira kwambiri. Zitsamba. Zomera zamasamba ake, nyama sizimangokhala zilizonse, koma kuwunika kuchuluka kwa udzu wamtundu uliwonse. Malinga ndi maphunziro apadera (Chapman ndi Flux, 1991, Fitzgerald, et al., 1994) Senostavtsy amakonda zitsamba zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri komanso lipids, komanso zowonjezera kalori. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zam'mimbidwe zimalemekezedwa kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe, pikas m'malo ena amatha kuchita popanda madzi konse. Zomera zokhala ndi poizoni sizimadyedwa ndi nyama, koma zimatha kusungidwa nthawi yozizira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito ngati zoteteza ndipo amathandizira kuti nkhokwe zizisungidwa nthawi yonse yozizira. Pakasungidwa, zinthu zapoizoni zochokera m'zomera zimasungunuka ndipo "zakudya zam'chitini" zimatha kusinthika.

Tizilombo tating'ono tisonkhanitsa udzu m'nyengo yachisanu
Makamu a Senostavki

Magwero a dzinalo. Chifukwa senostavtsy? Koma chifukwa amasunga zosowa zawo posunga masisitimu ang'onoang'ono! Hay imakololedwa m'chilimwe, mpaka mitundu 30 ya zitsamba imapezeka mu udzu. Kutalika kwa "hay" kotere kumatha kufika masentimita 30!

Chifukwa chiyani pikas? Chilichonse ndichosavuta: kuwona zilombo zolusa, kufinya kukugwedeza, kuchenjeza otsala onse za ngoziyi.

Senostavka akuyang'ana wofuna kudya.

Moyo. Pikas amakhala m'magulu m'miyala kapena m'ming'alu pakati pa miyala ndi mizu ya mitengo yayikulu. Banja lirilonse liri ndi gawo lawolawo, lomwe limawonetsedwa ndi zilembo zamankhwala ndipo, mwachidziwitso, ndi ma huts. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya pikas yaku America imakhazikika, imangokhala yokha ndikubwera palokha kuti ikaberekana.

M'gawolo, kuwonjezera pa mabowo okhalamo, zingwe zosakhalitsa zimapezeka, mwachidziwikire, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisala kwa adani. Amadzibisalira tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso timadya udzu wosungidwa. Nthawi ndi nthawi amayala mitsitsi pansi pa chipale chofewa, momwe amayenda, amatenga masamba oundana ndi chipale chofewa. Amathanso kudya makungwa ndi singano ngati zowonjezera chakudya.

Kugula kumayamba pakati pa chilimwe

Kuswana amapezeka nthawi yotentha, wamkazi amapatsa malita awiri kwa pikas yaying'ono. Nthawi ya bere ndi pafupifupi mwezi. Ali ndi milungu isanu ndi umodzi, a Senostavians amakhala achikulire. Ndipo pikas amakhala zachilengedwe kwa zaka 3-7.

Malo okhala ndi malo okhala

Pisukha ndi mbalame yomwe imakhala mokhazikika. Ndizofala ku Europe. Komanso ku North Asia, Canada ndi America (USA). Ku Russia, pika amatha kupezeka ku Europe, kuyambira ku Arkhangelsk mpaka kumapeto kwa Crimea ndi Caucasus. Palibe mbalame yokhayo mokhazikika ndi malo omwe mitengo singakule. Pamaulendo osamukira, imatha kuuluka kudutsa malire a malo oswana. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono. Ku Asia, pika imapezeka munkhalango ya Siberia, kum'mawa kwa Sakhalin ndi Nyanja ya Okhotsk, kumwera kwa Tien Shan, Mongolia, Northern Iran ndi Kazakhstan.

Amakonda nkhalango zowuma, zophatikizira komanso zosakanikirana. Pisheha amakonda mitengo yakale. Nthawi yakudyaku, amasankha nkhalango zachikale zosakanizika ndi zosakanizika. Pafupipafupi, amatha kuwoneka mu conifers. Panthawi yoyendayenda imapezeka m'minda, m'mapaki, m'masamba - kulikonse komwe mitengo imakula.

Kodi mbalame ya pika imawoneka bwanji: mtundu

Kumbuyo kwa pika kumakhala kotuwa kapena kufiira, komwe kumakhala matuwa oyera. Zowonda ndi nadhvoste - zofiirira. Mimba ndi yoyera, yopyapyala. Mapiko auluka amauluka ndipo ali ndi bulauni komanso malo owala owala. Ma helmsmen ndi amtundu womwewo, koma ali ndi m'mbali komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba.

Limbani brownish pamwamba komanso zopepuka pansipa. Brown iris. Miyendo ndi mtundu womwewo, koma wonyezimira. Mu pikas achinyamata, mawanga kumbuyo ndi ozungulira, akuluakulu - atali. Mtundu wa achichepere umawuma, ndipo pamimba pake ndi chikasu.

Mbalame Pika: Kufotokozera za Kubereka

Nthawi ya mating ku pikas iyamba mu Marichi. Pakadali pano, mutha kuwona ndewu zazimuna ndi momwe zimayimbira. Zilombo zimapanga pikas pambuyo pake. Choyamba sankhani malo mosamala. Tizilombo timakonda mbewa zopendekera kapena khungwa lopendekeka. Koma chisa chimakhala chotsika nthawi zonse.

Pisas amamanga zisa kuyambira masiku eyiti mpaka khumi ndi awiri. Koma akazi okha ndi omwe amadzikonzera okha, amuna sasamala za obadwira.Pansi pa chisa nthawi zambiri pamakhala nsanja ndipo zimakhala ndi khungwa komanso nthambi zoonda. Amazungulira khoma la dzenje. Zimapezeka kuti chisa sichimakhalamo, koma chimalimbitsa pakati. Pamwambapa, nyumbayo imamangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wapamwamba wosakanikirana ndi timitengo ting'onoting'ono ta khungwa, nyemba, matabwa ndi timabowo ta moss. Mkati mwake, mumakhala nthenga zazing'ono zambiri zophatikizidwa ndi ubweya, ma cobwebs, ndi cocoon za tizilombo.

Pika wamba amaikira mazira asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri. Zisanu ndi zitatu kapena zisanu ndi zinayi ndizosowa kwambiri. Mazira amakhala ofiira, okhala ndi madontho ndi madontho. Iwo ali kumapeto kwenikweni. Nthawi zina m'mazenera kumakhala mazira oyera okhala ndi malo owoneka bwino.

Zachikazi zimanyamula zoweta kuyambira masiku 13 mpaka 15. Pambuyo pobadwa, anapiye amakhalabe chisa nthawi yomweyo. Akazi amawadyetsa ndi akangaude ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Anapiye a nkhwawa yoyamba kuyamba kuwuluka mu Meyi-Juni. Kuyambira lachiwiri - mu June-Julayi. Akalimbitsa, anapiye amayamba kuyendayenda, koma osawuluka kutali ndi chisa.

Molting

Pisukha ndi mbalame yosungunuka mchaka choyamba cha moyo. Amayamba kusintha maula mu Julayi. Moult amatha kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Mu mbalame zakale, nthawi imeneyi imayamba kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka August. Komanso, mapiko akuluakulu a contour ndi oyamba kusintha. Zing'onozing'ono - pambuyo pake, kumapeto kwa kusungunuka. Pambuyo kusintha kwa maula, kumakhala kowonjezereka. Ndipo mtundu wa nthenga ndi wofiira.

Khalidwe la Piku

Pika wamba ndi wosauka pang'ono ndikuuluka. Kwenikweni, awa ndi maulendo a ndege kuchokera pamtengo umodzi mpaka kumapazi a wina. Chifukwa cha zikhadabo zazitali komanso zopindika, mbalameyi imagwira ku khungwa mwamphamvu kwambiri. Pikas amakhala ambiri obalalika. Ndi osakwatiwa. Koma m'dzinja ikafika, iwo amalumikizana ndi gulu la nkhosa. Ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Mwachitsanzo, ndi titmouse.

Kuzizira, amatha kukhala mu mphete zowirira za mbalame za 10-15, kutentha. Mu yophukira, pikas amafufuza malo okhala ndi mitengo yambiri - mapaki, mabwalo, nkhalango. Koma nyengo zina zonse, mbalame zimakhala ndi malo ake odyetserako tulo ndi zakudya, zomwe amaziteteza.

Pisukha ndi mbalame yopanda mantha. Akakhala kuti akufuna chakudya, ngakhale atamuona munthu, sangathe kuuluka.

Amadziwanso kuyimba. Zowona, kupindika kwake kuli pawiri, ngati kubowoleza kubowoleza. Chachiwiri nthawi zonse chimakhala chotsika kuposa choyambirira.

Popeza mchira wa pika umathandizira pakasaka chakudya, umafafanizika ndi nthawi ndipo nthenga zimasokonekera. Chifukwa chake, mchira wa mbalameyi umasungunuka nthawi zambiri kuposa maula ena onse.

Kupeza pika sikophweka. Amakhala wonenepa nthawi zonse, ndipo maonekedwe ake amawoneka bwino. Koma nthawi zina, pozindikira china chake mu chipale chofewa, chimatha kudumphira pamenepo. Atagwira nyama, abwereranso kumutu.

Pakutha kwa nyengo yozizira, pika imayamba kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu. Pamiyendo, amayamba kukwawa mwachangu, ndipo akakumana ndi abale, amalimbana.

Mbalame yaying'ono yokondweretsayi idatchedwa dzina lothina. Nyimbo zomwe pika amapanga zimafanana kwambiri ndi kufinya. Ili ndi dongosolo la Passeriformes, banja la alpine. Mizere yake ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mwakuti nthawi zina nkovuta kuzindikira mbalame. Imayenda, monga lamulo, imakwera mozungulira ndikutsika mtengowo, komwe kwa masiku angapo imafunafuna nsikidzi, akangaude ndi mphutsi.

Kukula kwa thupi la mbalame yaying'ono ali kokha ma sentimita khumi ndi awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake sikumafika magalamu khumi ndi limodzi.

Amakonda kukhala ndi moyo watsiku limodzi. Usiku, pikas, monga lamulo, amagona usiku ndi nkhosa zawo, ndipo masana amafunafuna chakudya mumtengo uliwonse. Ana amenewa amakhala ndi zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi ziwiri, kawiri pachaka amapanga dzira likugawika zidutswa zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Habitat

Ku gawo laku Europe, mutha kupeza mitundu iwiri kuchokera ku banja la pikas. Ndi pika wamba komanso wamfupi . Kunja, nkovuta kuzisiyanitsa, ngakhale mutawunika mofatsa. Koma mbalamezi zimakhala ndi kuyimba kosiyanasiyana, kutengera komwe mitunduyi imagawana.

Ku Himalaya, kuli mitundu itatu ya pika, yomwe pika ya Hodgson idasiyanitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kunja, mbalamezi zimasiyana machitidwe ena. Chifukwa chake, pika ya ku Nepalese ndiyopepuka kwambiri, ndipo pika wokhala ndi mutu wakuda amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda pakhosi ndi mbali zofananira. Mitundu ya Himalayan imakhala yokongola kwambiri. Mulibe mtundu womwe umafanana ndi mitundu yonse.

Mbalame zaku America ndi ku Europe ndizofanana .

Mbalameyi imakonda moyo wokhazikika. Nthawi zina, ma pikas amayendayenda m'matumba mozungulira malowa, kuyesera kuti asayende mtunda wautali. Ku Russia, amapezeka paliponse pomwe mitengo imamera. Sangokhala mu gawo la steppe komanso Far North.

Pika wamba ndiye mitundu yodziwika bwino kuchokera ku pika yabanja. Amakhala m'nkhalango zonse zotentha, kuyambira kumpoto kwa Ireland kupita ku Japan. Mbalamezi sizisamukira. Ndiwo okhawo omwe amakhala kumpoto omwe amatha kupita kumadera akum'mwera kwambiri nthawi yophukira. Komanso ma pikas okhala m'nkhalango zamapiri nthawi yozizira amatha kutsika.

Zomwe zimadya

Zakudya zamasiku onse mbalamezi zimakhala:

• kafadala
• akangaude
• mphutsi
• mazira ndi tizirombo touluka,
• kubzala mbewu.

Dera la pikas wamba akunena kale zamphamvu zakutsogolo kwake. Pokhala m'nkhalangomo pamitengo, mbalameyi imafunafuna kwa masiku angapo ndi mulomo wake wakuthwa kwa tizilombo touluka. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka m'malo otsetsereka a mitsinje ndi nyanja. Komanso m'minda yosiyidwa ndi nkhalango zowongoka.

Chosangalatsa ndichotulutsa chakudya. Zimapuma ndi thupi lonse mothandizidwa ndi mchira wolimba ndipo zimakoka tizilombo ku ming'alu. Mosiyana ndi Woodpecker, yomwe imadikirira kuti wolakwayo adzigwera yekha, pika imapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yofulumira.

Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri mbalamezi ndi kachilomboka . Pachifukwa ichi, pika imatha kumatchedwa ochiritsa a nkhalango. Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, mbalame zolimbazi zimatha kuwononga tizirombo ta mitengo yambiri.

Tapeza mtengo wokhala ndi tizilombo tambiri, mbalameyo imabwereranso mobwerezabwereza ndikuyiyesanso kuyambira pansi mpaka pamwamba.

M'miyezi yozizira, sizotheka kupeza tizilombo, mbalame zimadya pa conifers kapena mbewu zingapo.

Mbalameyi imawuluka mtunda waung'ono komanso waufupi , amakonda kukhala tsiku lonse pamtengo womwe amakonda. Ngakhale kuti mbalame zimakonda kukhala m'gulu la abambo, ma pikas akadali okha. Ndikangoyamba kumene kuzizira ndiye kuti mbalamezi zimatha kuwonekera pagulu. Chofunikira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chimakhomereredwa ku magulu abuluu ndikukhala olimba nawo limodzi, kuthawa chisanu.

Pika wamba amakonda kulemba chizindikiro mdera lake ndikuwateteza molimba mtima kwa mbalame zina. Chodabwitsa, iye saopa munthu ndipo, kwakukulu, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mantha ena kwa nyama zonse ndi mbalame.

M'nyengo yozizira, pika imagwera mu ulesi, koma ndikayamba masika kumayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri . Kuwona chakudya panjira kapena pamsewu, imathyola mtengo ndikuigwira, koma pambuyo pake imabwerera kunthambi.

Nthawi zambiri mutha kuwona mawonekedwe amtunduwu komanso mchira pang'ono wa mbalame yaying'ono iyi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza, mchira, monga mukudziwa, umathandizira, nthenga zimasweka ndikugwa. Chifukwa chake, mu pikas, kusungunula kwa mchira nthawi zambiri kumachitika.

Iliys Pishukha: Kufotokozera

Gawani mitundu 31 ya pikas. Lalikulu kwambiri silikhala malo okwanira m'manja mwa munthu wamkulu, koma ochepa kwambiri amatha kumasuka ngakhale pa mwana wakhanda. Maonekedwe a "kalulu wamatsenga" ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi hamsters.

Nyama izi zokhudzana kwambiri ndi mng'oma zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 8-10 cm ndi kulemera kwa 75-290 g, kutengera mitundu. Mchira wa pikas ndiwotsimikizika kwathunthu, kutalika kwake sikupitilira masentimita awiri. Makutu awo ndi ozungulira, afupi. Miyendo ya pika ndiyofanana kutalika, kupatula kuti miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyotalika pang'ono kuposa yakutsogolo. Amagwira ntchito yosuntha molumikizana, nthawi zina osakhazikika pamiyala, ndipo amafunikiranso kukumba mabowo.

Zilala zazala zazing'ono zimakhala zopanda, nthawi zina zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi. Ubweya wa Chilimwe umakhala ndi utoto wofanana: imvi, bulauni, yofiira, mchenga. M'nyengo yozizira, chovalacho chimakhala chopepuka, matupi amvi amapezeka.

Kodi pikas amadya chiyani?

Mbalamezi sizimapezeka pa feeders, monga chakudya chake ndi tizilombo komanso akangaude. Akuwafunafuna, akuwunika ming'alu yam'madzi, mothandizidwa ndi mlomo wautali woonda wokhotakhota ndi chikwakwa. Mlomo wake ndi wokumbutsa za singano yopindika. Ndi mbalame yokha yomwe imabalalitsa mitengo ikuluikulu.

Pisukha imatulutsa tizirombo ta mitengo, yomwe singathe kuchotsedwa ndi titmouse. Komabe, mosiyana ndi ma tini, omwe amathanso kukoka mbewu, ma pikas ndi mbalame zosatetezeka, ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsira ntchito kwa mbalameyi poyeretsa tizirombo m'nkhalango, paki, ndi mundawo sikukula kwenikweni. Koma mwachilungamo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mbewu zazing'ono za spruce kapena za paini zimapezeka muzakudya za pikas, kotero ndikosavuta kuwona pikas m'minda ya paini ndi spruce, nkhalango.

Chifukwa chiyani pika adatchulidwa choncho?

Mwina chifukwa chofinya, mukuganiza. Ndipo mudzakhala olondola. Kuti munthu akhale ndi smakak, sikuti mbalame yokha yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi squeak, koma hare. Chimakhala ngati kalulu kakang'ono, kokha popanda makutu aatali. Komabe, kubwerera ku ngwazi yathu.

Mbalameyi yatchulidwa chifukwa cha kufinya kwamphamvu mu nyimbo. Khutu la munthu siligwira mawu omwe limamveka. Chifukwa chake, pika nthawi zina amatchedwa mbalame yokhala chete kwambiri. Kuti mumve mawu omwe akupanga, muyenera kuyandikira kwambiri. Ndipo pika amafinya mosalekeza, akufufuza khungwa. Ndimakayikiranso kuti mkokowo umamupangitsa kuti azindikire pansi pa khungwa.

Pezani kufinya.

Pikas kuchokera ku dongosolo la odutsa, okhudzana ndi mpheta, ma wrens ndi udzudzu. Fikirani kukula kwa masentimita 10-11. Mbalame pamwamba ndi zofiirira, zokhotakhota, ndipo pansi pake zimakhala ndi mimba. Maphalawo amabisala mbalameyo mwaluso. Yesani kupeza mbalame pamakungwa a birch pachithunzi pamwambapa.

Tizilombo ndi zisa zimakonzedwa mu khungwa la mitengo, nthawi zambiri mumiyala. M'mwezi wa Meyi-June, mkaziyo amaikira mazira 6. Tsiku limodzi mbandakucha, ndipo limadzikhomerera kwa masabata awiri. Makolo onsewa amadyetsa anapiye. Masabata awiri atasokoneza, ana amakhala. Malinga ndi likhweru la mayiyo, amatha kubisala kumbuyo kwa khunguyo mchisa, kapena kubalalika pobisalira, ngati nandolo zotsamira.

Iliys Pishukha: moyo

Ndikudabwa chifukwa chake pika Iliysky ali ndi dzina lachiwiri Senostavka? Izi zinapangidwa ndi gawo limodzi lodziwika mwa anthuwa - kupanga haymaking nyengo yachisanu. Njira yonse yogulira zinthu ndi yosalala komanso yanzeru. Choyamba, pikas amadula udzu, kenako ndikuyika kuti ipukutenso, ndikusankha malo okhala ndi dzuwa. Mvula ikamagwa, timitengo ta udzu timabisidwa. Udzu womalizidwa umayikidwa mu mipata pakati pa miyala, nthawi zina imayikidwa m'matumba. Nyama sizigwera.

Kodi tikudziwa zochuluka motani za nyama zazing'onozi? Kodi amafanana chiyani ndi maashe? Kufanana kofunikira kwambiri kumatha kuzindikirika: kwa chimodzi ndi china, chakudya chachikulu ndichopanda matope, udzu, nthambi za zitsamba ndi makungwa a mitengo. Nthawi zambiri, onse hare ndi Iliys pika amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya ndi lichens, moss. Kwa iwo, kudya koteroko ndikofanana.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe Ilya pika ali nacho ndi kufinya kwake, komwe kumachenjeza ena onse za kuopsa. Pisukha idadzipatsa dzina chifukwa cha zizindikiro zakutsogolo. Kutalika kwa moyo wawo kumakhala kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi moyo wa mitundu ina yotsala ya nyama zazing'ono.

Chakudya cha Iliysk chilipo masana komanso usiku. Yaikazi imayamba kukwatiwa kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa June imabweretsa nyambo yoyamba. Ana amakula pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake ndi chakudya. Pali zazikazi zomwe sizimakwatirana, zina zimangotaya nyambo imodzi yokha nyengo yonse.

Ogwira ntchito zachilengedwe adapereka dzina loti "kalulu wamatsenga" kwa pika chifukwa nthawi zambiri limabwera kuchokera kwa anthu. Izi ndiye kwambiri padziko lapansi pakadali pano atatsala pang'ono kutha.

Kasitomala - Nyukiliya (Eukaryota)

Ufumu - Nyama (Metazoa)

Mtundu - Chordata (Chordata)

Wopanda ulemu - Vertebrates (Vertebrata)

Gulu - Mammals (Mammalia)

Wogwirana - Zinyama (Theria)

Kalalak - Dongosolo (Eutheria)

Kufikira - Hare (Lagomorpha)

Onani - Pika Wakumpoto

Ma Pisces kapena haylords ndi abale akutali ndipo amagwirizana ndi kalulu-wonga, ndipo ngakhale ali kunja kwambiri ngati hamsters, sikuti makoswe. Kamodzi mu banja la pikas panali 11 genera, koma pakadali pano yatsala imodzi yokha. Iagawidwa kukhala mitundu ya 14-16, pomwe 7 mwa iyo imapezeka mdera la USSR yakale. Zinthu zakale zimatsimikizira kuti pikas adakhalapo padziko lapansi zaka 15 miliyoni zapitazo. Zithunzizi adadzipatsa dzina chifukwa cha kufinya kwamtundu womwe amasindikiza akulumpha. Pikas amakhala kumapiri, mapiri komanso ngakhale zipululu za Europe ndi North America, makamaka pamiyala yamitunda yoposa 6000 m, ndipo imodzi mwazinyama zomwe zikufotokozedwa pano ndi Northern pika (Ochotona hyperborean) - amazindikira ngakhale gombe la Arctic. Pika kumpoto ndi ena mwa oimira banja la pika, onse m'njira komanso momwe amakhalira. Amakhala m'mapiri a Northern Urals, Eastern and Southern Siberia, main Far Far, Kamchatka ndi Northern Sakhalin, m'miyala tundra kuyambira Yenisei mpaka Chukotka. Miyoyo yaikidwa m'miyala yamiyala yam'mapiri a taiga ndi tundra. Ku Chukotka, nthawi zina amakhazikika pamipanda yamsewu, milu ya zinyalala zazikulu.

Pika kumpoto ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya banja la pika. Kutalika kwa nyamayo mpaka 25cm, kulemera ndi 250 g, kutalika kwa phazi lakumanzere kuli mpaka 25 mm, kutalika kwa kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakutsogolo kuli pafupi. Mchirawo ndi waufupi kwambiri komanso wowoneka kuchokera kunja. Makutu ndi ofupika mpaka 15 mm, okhala ndi ziwalo zozungulira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi malire mphepete. Vibrissa (masharubu) mpaka 55 mm kutalika, bulauni. Mtundu wa ubweya wa chilimwe umachokera ku ubweya wonyezimira wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira kapena wachikasu. Ngakhale akuwoneka, ma pikas ndi okalamba kwambiri ndipo amayenda molowera m'malo otsetsereka.

Pisas amatsogolera moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, zochita zawo zimakhala ndi nsonga ziwiri - m'mawa ndi madzulo, zimayamba ndi zoyamba zizindikiro zam'mawa ndikupitilira mpaka nthawi yamdima. Masana, ambiri a iwo amakhala osasunthika pamwala, amakumbukiranso za ma Egypt omwe amakhala kumapeto kwa mapiramidi. Amakhala m'madela omwe amakhala kutali kwambiri, osapangika malo okhala. Pazinyumba, amakumba mabowo kapena kukhazikika m'miyala pakati pa miyala, koma nyama imodzi kapena banja lokha lomwe limakhala mumakungu, patali patali ndi oyandikana nawo. Kupezeka kwa ma pikas kumatha kuzindikira ndi kufuula kwakukulu komwe amapereka. Pali mitundu itatu ya ma audio amawu: yayitali, yochepa komanso yofiyira. Nyama nthawi zambiri zimafa, kukhala mbalame zodyedwa ndi nyama zina zolusa nyama.

M'chilimwe, pikas amadya kwambiri udzu wobiriwira. Nyama zolimbikira sizimangodya zokha zokha, komanso zimangokhala ndi chakudya cha dzinja, chifukwa sizibisalira, kuti zizipulumuka nthawi yanjala, ziyenera kuphika chakudya chokwanira. Amakolola udzu poyika udzu m'malo mobisa kapena m'malo ambiri, omwe amawaika pansi pamiyala mumipweya yokwanira, nthawi zambiri sakhala patali ndi miyala. Stozhki amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 45 ndipo kuti magetsiwo sangatengeke ndi mphepo, amanjawo amawaphwanya ndi miyala. Banja lililonse limapereka zakudya zingapo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ma pikas amasuntha matumba ndikutembenuzira, kugwedeza ndikuyala udzu kuti uume chimodzimodzi ngati anthu wamba alimi (kuchokera apa pamabwera dzina lina pikush - senostavki ) Pikas akumpoto amabisa udzu wokonzeka kukhalamo nyengo yachisanu. Amakhala osamala kwambiri pakusintha kwanyengo ndipo, mvula isanatenge nthawi, amachepetsa kwambiri ntchito zawo, kusiya kukolola kwa chakudya tsiku limodzi kapena awiri nyengo isanachitike.

Mbadwa za pika chakumpoto zimabadwa kawiri pachaka. Nthawi yokhala ndi pakati ndi masiku 28. Pali malita 4-7 mu zinyalala.