Dzinalo meerkat limachokera ku dzina la makina a mitundu ya Suricata suricatta. Mu chilankhulo cha Chirasha, kugwiritsa ntchito dzinali mu chikazi kumaloledwa: meerkat. Dzina lachiwiri la nyama limagwiritsidwa ntchito: myrrhcat. Izi zikugwirizana ndi dzinalo mu Chiafrikana.
Meerkat ali ndi dzina lachilendo kwambiri. Nkhani yokhudza maonekedwe ake imalumikizidwa ndi chikondi cha nyama kuyimirira mzati. Ngati tsitsi losanjidwa limawunikidwa ndi dzuwa, mtundu wa areola umapangidwa mozungulira thupi. Chifukwa cha chomwe amatchedwa angelo a dzuwa.
Onani ndi mamuna
Meerkats ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zosangalatsa modabwitsa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimamwetulira. Anthu aku Africa ali ndi zikhulupiriro ziwiri zogwirizana ndi meerkat. Malinga ndi imodzi mwa izo, nyamazo zimatchedwa angelo akumwamba. Osati kokha chifukwa amakonda kulowera dzuwa la Africa. Amakhulupirira kuti amateteza malo okhala ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe ku ma werewolves am'mwezi, omwe amatsutsa anthu ndi nyama (mwina mileme ali mu gawo la ziwanda mwezi). Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba, meerkat amachotsa m'derali ndi zinkhanira ngakhale njoka zapoizoni, zomwe zimadyedwa. Meerkat amalekeredwa mosavuta, ndipo nthawi zina anthu wamba amayamba nyumba zawo kuteteza nyumba zawo kuzinyama zapoizoni.
Malinga ndi nthano ina, mizimu ya akufa imasamukira ku meerkat, chifukwa chake nyama izi zimakonda kucheza ndi anthu. Nyama yoyendera ikhoza kuyimirira miyendo yake yakumbuyo kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo kuchokera kutali gulu la nyama lomwe likuwonetsetsa phokoso la m'chipululu likhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anyamata otupa. Chifukwa cha ichi nthawi zina amatchedwa "anthu" ochepa. Ndipo chifukwa chokhala tcheru ndi banja la meerkat, adalandira dzina lina lachikondi: "sendinel desert."
Khalidwe
Meerkat ndi oyimira ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa mongoose. Mutha kuwona kufanana kwina ndi khwimitsa mtima - thupi lokwera.
Zachikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zazimuna, ndipo matriarchy amalamulira m'banja la nyama izi.
Mfundo yayikulu yakhazikitsa paketi ndi kuphatikiza - nyama zimasaka, kudya, kupumula limodzi.
Mwa zoyesayesa zambiri, ma mekitala, amene chithunzi chawo chimapangitsa kuti azimwetulira, amatha kuchita zankhondo kwambiri.
Gulu la nyama zazing'ono zokongola lino limasaka nyama yabwino kwambiri, yokulirapo.
Ngakhale ma mekeke, monga ma mongooses, amadziwa momwe angalimbanirane ndi njoka, ndikuluma mwachisawawa kuluma kwawo, ma fluffies samawonetsa changu chambiri pofunafuna zokwawa izi.
Amakonda kugwira nyama yaying'ono kapena yotetezeka.
Mfundo yayikulu yakhazikitsa paketi ndi kuphatikiza - nyama zimasaka, kudya, kupumula limodzi. Mwakuchita zinthu mogwirizana, ma mekitoni amathanso kugwira ntchito yankhondo yayikulu
Maonekedwe ndi morphology
Zinyama zazing'ono zabwino, zazing'ono kwambiri mu mongoose wam'madzi ochepa: kutalika kwawo ndi 50-60 cm, kutalika pafupifupi theka kumagwera mchira, ndipo kulemera kwa anthu akuluakulu makamaka kumafika 1 kg. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna. Kuchokera mongooses ena, meerkat amasiyanitsidwa ndi miyendo yayitali, manja opindika anayi, mchira wolimba, wokutidwa mofanananira kutalika konse ndi tsitsi lozungulira komanso kusapezeka kwa dzino loyambira lamizu. Miyendo ya nyama iyi ndi mawonekedwe kwambiri: ali ndi mikono yayitali komanso yolimba, yomwe, makamaka pamiyendo yakutsogolo, imakwanitsa kutukuka kotero kuti palibe membala wina wabanja. Mothandizidwa ndi zibwano zamphamvuzi, meerkat imakumba mosavuta malo okuya, ndikupeza chakudya ndikupangira nyumbayo.
Ubweya wa Meerkat ndi wowoneka bwino, wotuwa wonyezimira komanso wamtambo wachikasu, kumbali yakumbuyo yakumbuyo kumbuyo kuli mikwingwirima yakuda eyiti kapena teni yomwe ilibe chizindikiro. Pa miyendo, tsitsi limakhala lopepuka, pamimba ndi pachifuwa ndizosowa, silika, milomo, chibwano ndi masaya zimakhala zoyera, kupindika kwa muzzle, kumanzere kuzungulira maso, makutu ndi nsonga ya mchirawo ndi zakuda. Maso okhala ndi mwana wamkulu wozungulira komanso wachikuda wagolide.
Meerkat ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, ndikofunikira kufunafuna tizilombo tomwe timakumba mumchenga mpaka pansi kwambiri, makamaka panthawi yamvula. Ma vibrissae aatali kumaso amawathandiza kuyenda mumizere yakuda yamabowo.
Nyamazo zimakhala ndi maso owoneka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitha kuwona zilombo zazitali kutali. Masekondi akuda kuzungulira maso amatenga ma ultraviolet owonjezera, kotero kuti meerkat amatha kuyang'ana pafupifupi dzuwa. Ali ndi eyelid yachitatu yolimba, yomwe imateteza maso ndi mchenga.
Amasaka zinkhanira, amazidya pamodzi ndi ziphe.
Amasaka zinkhanira, amazidya pamodzi ndi ziphe.
Amasaka zinkhanira, amazidya pamodzi ndi ziphe.
Amasaka zinkhanira, amazidya pamodzi ndi ziphe.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Meerkat (kuchokera ku Latin Suricata suricatta) kapena myrrhcat wachikatikati ndi chinyama chachilengedwe chapakati kwambiri kuchokera pamibadwo yazakale ya banja lachi mongoose.
Ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula kwa nyama kuchokera kubanja lonse la mongoose, omwe ali ndi mitundu 35. Kutalika kwa matupi awo sikamafikira masentimita 35, ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 750. Mchira wa utoto wofiira ndi nsonga yakuda ndiwotalika kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka 20-25 cm.
Mutu umakhala wocheperako ndi makutu ozungulirazungulira omwe akuwonekera pa korona wakuda, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale wakuda. Mitsempha yamaso imakhalanso ndi mtundu wakuda pokhudzana ndi thupi lonse, lofanana ndi magalasi, omwe amapanga meerkat zoseketsa.
Mtundu wa tsitsi lalitali zofewa pamtembo wa nyama yodya tsikuli ndi wofiyira, nthawi zina pafupi ndi lalanje. Ili ndi miyendo inayi yakutsogolo, miyendo yakutsogolo ndi zibwano zazitali. Monga ma mongooses onse, meerkat amatha kubisa chinsinsi chakanunkhira chomwe chimachokera ku tiziwalo ta inguinal.
Asayansi agawa nyamazi m'magulu atatu:
- Suricata suricatta suricatta
- Suricata suricatta marjoriae
- Suricata suricatta iona
Habitat nyama zamagulu yogawidwa ku kontinenti ya Africa kumwera kwa equator. Amakhala malo otentha komanso owuma kumapululu komanso madera oyandikana nawo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chodyetsa
Meerkat ndi zilombo zolusa, ndipo chakudya chake chachikulu ndi tizilombo komanso mitundu invertebrates. Mosangalala amadya abuluzi, ndi mazira a mbalame, ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ndi ana awo. Kutha kwapadera kwama meerkat kudya nyama zomwe poizoni wake amatha kupha ngakhale anthu ndizodziwika bwino. Amasaka bwino zinkhanira, amazidya pamodzi ndi chiphe. Njoka zina zapoizoni sizitha kudziteteza ku nyama zam'madzi, ngakhale kuti nkhanu zikuluzikulu zimasokoneza nyama. Meerkat amamwa kwambiri kawirikawiri, kukhutitsidwa ndi chinyezi chomwe chili mgawo.
Ma Meerkat amakhala ndi metabolism yozama kwambiri: usiku amawotcha mafuta ambiri ndikupanga pafupifupi 5% ya kulemera kwawo, chifukwa chake amadya nyama kwambiri. Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti munthu wamkulu wamkazi amadya zakudya 30 mkati mwa ola limodzi.
M'chilimwe, nthawi yamvula, meerkat alibe chakudya: dziko lapansi limadzaza ndi tizilombo tomwe timakwawa pansi, ndipo ngati timakumba, ndiye kuti pakuya. Chifukwa chake, nyamazo sizifunikira kuyenda kutali ndi dzenje, ndipo zimasaka pafupi ndi nyumbayo. Meerkat iliyonse imalandira chakudya chake, achikulire sagawana zomwe ali nazo, koma ana ndi nkhani ina. Ana akhanda amayamba kutsagana ndi akuluakulu kukasaka ali ndi mwezi umodzi, ndipo onse m'banjamo amawadyetsa. Poyamba, meerkat akuluakulu amapatsa ana awo kukoma kwa mphutsi zofewa, pang'onopang'ono kuwaphunzitsa kusaka nyama zazikulu zam'madzi, kuphatikizapo zinkhanira, kenako ndi ma vertebrates.
Mukadyetsa, m'modzi mwa gulu liyenera "kuyimirira" Pofuna kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, meerkat amakwera miyala, zitsa komanso ngakhale zitsamba, ndipo amatha kupendekera panthambi zoonda, atayimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Zowopsa zikafika (adani kapena gulu lina la meerkat), wowonera amauza gulu lonse za icho ndi chizindikiro chapadera.
Ndikayamba nyengo yadzuwa, zimayamba kuvuta kwambiri ma mekitala kupeza chakudya chomwe chimabisala pansi pamtunda. Ayenera kusiya dzenje mtunda wautali - makilomita awiri ndi atatu kapena kupitirirapo, nthawi zambiri amabweretsa gawo la oyandikana nawo. Chibale pakati pa nyama pakudya imakhala yokhwima - imatha kudya chakudya kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso kuchokera kwa ana. Khalidwe lotere limadziwika kwambiri kwa mkazi wamkulu ngati ali ndi pakati. Ndi nthawi ino ya chaka nyama zomwe zimafa, zomwe zimakakamizidwa kusaka zakudya nthawi yomweyo, kuyang'anira olusa osagonja komanso kupewa kukumana ndi abale ankhanza.
Kulera ana
M'banja la meerkat, "nannie," i.e. ana onse amayang'aniridwa ndi achikulire awiri kapena atatu, pomwe ena onse akusaka. Ana akamakula pang'ono, amasinthidwira kwa "aphunzitsi" - anzeru, omwe amawaphunzitsa kusaka ndi luso lina lofunikira.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti ndi wamkulu yekha wamkazi yemwe amabala ana m'mabanja, kupatula zomwe zingachitike ngati banja ndi laling'ono komanso ngati pali ziweto zazing'ono. Nthawi zina, mkazi amene amayesera kubweretsa mwana amatha kuchotsedwa pa banja kapena kupha ana ake. Kuphatikiza apo, azimayiwa amakangana ndendende pa "nthawi yakupha", pakati paiwo nkhondo yolimba imatha. Koma mzimayi wa alpha akangochotsedwa pamtolo, amatha kusiya ana ake ndi munthu yemwe mwana wake wamwamuna wapha kumene kapena kuyamwitsa ana a mdaniyo mwakachetechete. Izi zimawonedwa m'magulu a meerkat okha.
Ntchito
Meerkat ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kusinthana: amakhala usiku m'makola, akumatseketsana wina ndi mnzake ndikudziwotcha ndi moto womwe. Kutuluka kwa dzuwa, nyamazo zimawonekera pamtunda ndipo zimatengedwa kuti ziyeretse nyumbayo. Nthaka yochulukirapo imatayidwa, zitseko za dzenje zimatsukidwa ndikukulitsidwa. Kuphatikiza pa kuyeretsa, ntchito yofunikira m'mawa ikupita dzuwa. Meerkat amayimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, amatembenuzira mitu yawo kuloza padzuwa ndikuyima, akumatsamira m'mbali mwake. Khungu pamimba pawo ndi lakuda ndipo chovalacho sichikhala chocheperako, motero zimawotha msanga. Pambuyo pa mawa, banja lonse limapita kukadyetsa. Ngati malo omwe meerkat amadya amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi bowo, amabwereranso kumadzulo, akupumula masana mumthunzi wa mitengo kapena pogona pang'onopang'ono pafupi ndi malo odyetserako. Chakudyacho chikakwanira pafupi ndi nyumba, nthawi yausiku imachitika mu dzenje lake.
Habitat, malo okhala
Malo amenewa ndi kumwera kwa Africa. Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, Angola, Lesotho. Nthawi zambiri meerkat amapezeka m'chipululu cha Kalahari ndi Namib. Amakhala m'malo momasuka, zipululu, zopanda mitengo ndi zitsamba. Mumakonda zigwa zobisika, ma savannas, mtunda wokhala ndi nthaka yolimba. Dera lotere ndilabwino kwambiri pomanga mabowo am'madzi ndikusaka chakudya.
Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa
Khalidwe pamagulu
Mpaka posachedwa, ma mekitchi adawerengedwa mosawerengeka, komabe, kuyang'ana kwautali wa nyama zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zomwera kumwera kwa Africa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zofufuzira, kwapangitsa kuti nyamazo zizidziwa bwino.
Gawo lalikulu la anthu okhala meerkat ndi banja lomwe machitidwe awo okhwima amalamulira. Yaikazi yonse imayang'anira moyo wonse wabanja: imasankha dzenje lomwe banjalo limakhalamo, malo odyetserako, ndipo koposa zonse, iye yekha ndiye woyenera kubala ana.
Wamphongo wamkulu amakhala wotsimikizika pakulimbana pakati pa amuna, monga lamulo, ndiamene amapanga banja ndi wamkulu wamkazi ndikukhala kholo la ana onse obadwa kwa iye. Awiriwo atha kulamulirana zaka zingapo, ndipo banja limakula chifukwa cha ana ake. Chiwerengero cha nyama mu banja nthawi zambiri chimafikira anthu 30, magulu ang'onoang'ono a meerkat amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zilombo, ndipo mabanja akuluakulu (nyama zoposa 40) zimawavuta kusunga umodzi.
Banja la meerkat limakhala ndi fungo la gulu linalake, lomwe limakwaniritsidwa pomanga nyama ndi mzake. Mamembala a gululi amachita zonse pamodzi - nthawi yomweyo amadyetsa ndi kupuma, kusamalira ana mogwirizana ndikuchita mogwirizana monga adani. Pakudya, banja liyenera kukhazikitsa “alonda,” omwe amayang'anitsitsa mosamala malo ozungulira ndikuwachenjeza panthawiyi za njira yomwe mdani angadye. Oyang'anira abere amasamalira ana, osati akazi achichepere okha, komanso amuna amatha kukhala ngati mwana. Kudzikongoletsa ndikofunikira kwambiri mdera la meerkat - nyama sizimangomasula wina ndi mzake kuchokera ku tiziromboti, banja limakumana mokulira kuchitanso izi.
Gulu lililonse la meerkat limatsata malo ena otetezedwa. Kukula kwa magawo a mabanja osiyanasiyana omwe akukhala, mwachitsanzo, ku Kalahari, kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 lalikulu ma mraba. km, iliyonse ili ndi mabowo osachepera asanu oyenera kubanja. Bowo, makamaka lomwe limakumbidwa panthaka yofewa, limatha kukhala malo a 25 × 32 m, ndi mpanda wolimba wazipinda zokhala ndi makamera ndipo uli ndi mazana akutuluka. Nthawi zambiri, burrows imakhala pamalo a 5 x 5 m ndipo ili ndi 15 yotuluka. Kuzama kwa dzenjelo kumapita 1.5-2 metres, motero kutentha kwake kumakhalabe kosasintha ndipo kumakhalabe kofanana ndi 22-25. Banja limatha kukhala m'mudzimo kwa miyezi ingapo, komabe, kuchulukitsa utitiri ndi nkhupakupa zimakakamiza nyamazo kuti zizisintha nyumba nthawi zonse. Kusintha kwa burashi kumachitika nthawi zambiri mbadwa za mkazi zisanachitike, pokhapokha pagulu limasuntha pakakhala khanda. “Mukasamukira ku nyumba yatsopano”, ana aang ono amatengedwa m'mano ndi anthu achikulire. Pafupi ndi mabowo amalembedwa mosamala ndi chinsinsi cha tiziwalo tambiri.
Ziwawa zam'chilimwe nyengo yachilimwe, chakudya chikakhala chochuluka, sichimachitika kawirikawiri. Mabanja amatha kudyetsa mtunda wa mamita angapo popanda kuzindikira, kapena kunyalanyaza wina ndi mnzake. Misonkhano m'malire a malire, magulu amakhala ndi malire azikhalidwe zina.
Ndi nyengo yozizira, chakudya chimayamba kuchepa, ndipo mabanja otsogola amatha kulowa malo a anthu ena. Alonda akazindikira alendo, amapanga phokoso lalikulupo, ndipo nyama zonse za gululo, ndimisomali yawo imakwezedwa ndikukonza tsitsi lawo. Pambuyo pakulimbana mphindi zochepa, m'modzi mwa mabanja'wo amathamangira kukazunza. Gulu lirilonse limakhala lolimba mdera lake, ndipo alendo osadziwika nthawi zambiri amathawa. Nkhondo zamagazi sizimachitika kawirikawiri pakati pama magulu okhazikika a anthu ofanana, koma ngati banja lakula kwambiri m'chilimwe, likufuna kuwonjezera gawo lake. Zikatero, ndewu zimatha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupha nyama zina. Meerkat sakhala odzikonda kuteteza mabowo awo ndi ana amkatiwo, chifukwa ana amphongo omwe atsalira adzaphedwa ndi alendo.
Ngati munyengo yamvula ambiri magulu angapo amakanema amapangidwa, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira kugawidwanso kwa magawo sikungatheke, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi nkhondo zoopsa.
Kodi meerkat amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Live Meerkat
Meerkat amapezeka makamaka kumwera kwa Africa.
Zitha kupezeka m'maiko monga:
Nyamazi amazisintha kuti zizikhala nyengo yotentha, yolekerera mkuntho. Chifukwa chake, amakhala m'madambo komanso zipululu. Mwachitsanzo, meerkat amapezeka ambiri m'malo a chipululu cha Namib komanso chipululu cha Kalahari.
Ngakhale amatha kutchedwa Hardy, koma ma mekitala sanakonzekere konse kuzimitsa pang'ono, ndipo sangathe kulekerera kutentha pang'ono. Izi ndizofunikira kukumbukira kwa mafani kuti apeze nyama yosowa kunyumba. Ku Russia, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mosamala kutentha kwa nyumba ndikuchotsa zolemba kuti zikhale ndi thanzi la nyama.
Meerkat amakonda dothi louma, lochulukirapo kapena locheperako, kuti athe kukumba pogona. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yolowera ndikulowera ndipo imalola nyamayo kubisala kwa adani khomo limodzi, pomwe nyamayo ikangotsika malowa, meerkat imathawa kutuluka kwina. Komanso nyama zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mabowo a anthu ena, zokumbidwa ndi nyama zina ndikusiyidwa.Kapena mungobisala mu ma dothi achilengedwe.
Ngati malowa ndi olamulidwa ndi miyala, mapiri, malo otsetsereka, ndiye kuti ma mekitala amagwiritsa ntchito mapanga ndi ma novu chifukwa chofanizira.
Kulera ndi kulera ana
Meerkat amatha kutha msinkhu ali ndi chaka chimodzi, koma m'chilengedwe amayamba kubereka pambuyo pake. Ubwino kwathunthu mu kubereka ndiye mkazi wamkulu. Mwana wa ana wamwamuna aliyense wamwamuna wamkulu akamwalira, iye amatha kuwapha, kapena kuthamangitsa mayi “wolakwa” m'gulululi, kapena kusamutsira gulu lina kubowo lina, ndikusiya mayi yemwe wangopangidwayo ndi ana.
Yaikazi imatha kubereka ana mpaka kanayi pachaka, komabe, nthawi zambiri, kubereka kumayambira nthawi yachilimwe, nyengo yanyontho ndipo kumachitika kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi. Chifukwa cha kutenga pakati, komwe kumatenga masiku 70-77, kuchoka pa ana awiri mpaka asanu mpaka 25-30 g.atatha kudyetsa ana, mayiyo amapita kokasaka ndi gulu lake, ndipo "nanny" amakhala ndi ana, omwe samawasiya mpaka kubwerera kwa mamembala ena a gululi. Ana amadyetsedwa mkaka osati ndi amayi okha, komanso ndi akazi ena a gululo, komanso kwa izi zomwe zimafotokozeredwa motere kufotokozedwa: mkaka umawoneka mwa akazi osabereka. Maso a ana amatseguka masiku 10 mpaka 14, koma amangochoka pakangotha milungu itatu yokha atabadwa. Kwa sabata lina, m'modzi mwa gululi amakhala nawo, ndipo atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, ana amapita kukasaka ndi akuluakulu. Akuluakulu amgululi amawayambitsa mphutsi yoyamba, kenako ndikubweretsa nyama zazikulu kwambiri. Meerkat amadziwika ndi kuphunzitsa achinyamata: ana samangoyang'anira kusaka, akulu amawawonetsa momwe angachitire. Nthawi yomweyo, akuluakulu amadziwa kukula kwa khanda kuti lizigwirizana ndi mawu ake. Zakudya za mkaka zimatha pa zaka 7-9 milungu.
Pakatha masiku awiri kuchokera kubadwa kwa ana, wamkazi amakhala wokonzeka kukhwima. Pakadali pano, wamwamuna wamkulu pagululi samachoka ndipo amateteza mwamunayo kwa amuna ena onse. M'chilimwe, kukakhala chakudya chochuluka, amuna okulirapo omwe amakhala m'magulu oyandikana nawo amatha kuzungulira banja lolera, amakopa akazi achichepere, koma wamkazi wamkulu amatha kubwera kwa iwo "patsiku". Akakwatirana, amunawa amabwerera m'mabanja awo, koma nthawi zina amatsogolera zazikazi zazing'ono kenako banja laling'ono la meerkat limakhazikitsidwa.
Adani achilengedwe a meerkat
Chithunzi: Meerkat Cub
Kukula kwa nyamazo kumawapangitsa kukhala ozunzidwa ndi adani ambiri. Pansi, ankhandwe amadula nyama za meerkat. Kuchokera kumwamba zimawopsezedwa ndi kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama, makamaka ziwombankhanga, zomwe sizimangodya ana ochepa, komanso pama megkaka akuluakulu. Nthawi zina njoka zikuluzikulu zimatha kukwawa. Mwachitsanzo, mfumu cobra imatha kusangalala ndi ana agalu okha, komanso ambiri akuluakulu pafupifupi anthu akuluakulu - omwe amatha kuthana nawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, meerkats samalimbana ndi adani okha, komanso abale awo. M'malo mwake, iwowo ndi adani achilengedwe. Amakhulupirira kuti ma meya ambiri amathanso kudya zakudya zopezeka m'bomalo ndikuwononga gawo lomwe amakhala. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, mabanja akukakamizidwa kuti azingoyendayenda kumalo ena kupita kwina.
Izi zimabweretsa nkhondo zapawiri pakati pa gawo komanso pamwamba pa chakudya. Nkhondo za nyama ndizowopsa kwambiri, zisanu zilizonse zamtundu wankhondo zimamwalira. Nthawi yomweyo, zazikazi zimateteza makhola awo mwankhanza, popeza mabanja akamwalira, adani nthawi zambiri amapha ana onse popanda kusiyidwa.
Meerkat amalowa mu ndewu kokha ndi oimira amtundu wawo. Kuchokera kwa olusa amayesa kubisala pobisalira kapena kuthawa. Nyama ikaoneka m'munda mwake wamasomphenyawo, nyamayo imauza abalewo mawuwo kuti gulu lonse ladziwike ndipo lingathawireko.
Meerkat ku Zoo ya Moscow
Meerkat adabwera nafe mu Julayi 2009, atafika kuchokera ku South Africa. Ndege yotsatsira chilengedwe: mchenga, kamakumba, nkhuni zomwe zimakonzedwa kuti zikafike pagulu la "Ungulates of Africa". Pa khoma lakumbuyo, malo ena am'madzi aku Africa adapakidwa utoto kotero kuti nyamazo zimakonda kukhala pafupi. Ndipo "anayamika" zoyeserera za akatswiri ojambula: adayamba kudumphira pakhoma, ngati kuti akufuna kuthawira ku expans awo.
Nyama zisanu ndi zinayi zaunyamata zimachokera m'mabanja osiyanasiyana. Meerkat ali ndi malamulo ovuta omwe samalola alendo kuti asalole gawo lawo, ndipo m'masiku oyamba okha malamulo awa adayamba kugwira ntchito. Nyama imodzi idaphedwa, ndipo enanso awiri adachotsedwa m'gululo. Anawafunikira kusiya, ndipo pokhapokha pomwe ena onse adakhazika pansi ndikuchira ndi nyumba yawo. Yaimuna ndi yayikulu wamwamuna idatsimikizika, ndipo posakhalitsa tidazindikira kuti kubwezeretsanso kumayembekezereka m'gululo.
Ana anayi adabadwa akulu ndi amphamvu, koma amayi awo anali akadali aang'ono kwambiri (mwachilengedwe, zazaka zazikazi sizibereka), ndipo thupi lake sakanatha kupirira. Anawo amayenera kudya chakudya chongopeka. Kudyetsa makanda olemera 30 magalamu si ntchito yovuta, koma ogwira ntchito ku zoo akudziwa zambiri, anali azimayi osamala ngakhale ochita kuluka kumene olemera 5. g. Meerkatiks adagwa m'manja aluso ndipo adadutsa nthawi yayitali yodyetsa mkaka. Kumapeto kwa Novembala, wamkazi, yemwe kale adathamangitsidwa m'gulululi, adabzala ndi ana. Panali chiopsezo chowoneka kuti chachikazi chimawazindikira kuti ndi alendo, kenako ana amatha kulipira izi poyesa moyo. Komabe, tidaganiza zokhala ndi mwayi, chifukwa mapangidwe oyenera a nyama zazing'ono amafunika kulumikizana ndi akulu akulu amtundu wawo. Mantha athu adasanduka achabe: nyama yachikulire idalakalaka kukhala yokhayokha kotero kuti idawona mwayi woyambitsa banja ngati chisangalalo. Koma ana, ali ndi zaka zisanu zamasabata, poyamba adayamba kuteteza gawo: ndi michira yawo yomamenyedwa mapewa, amatsutsana ndi "mdani". Komabe, wamkazi wamkuluyo adasankha njira yonyalanyaza ndipo, patatha ola limodzi, pamene anawo atakhazikika pansi, anagona pafupi ndi iye ndikuyamba kuwanyambita. Chifukwa chake tili ndi banja lachiwiri la meerkat.
Ndipo pakhomo ladzalo, banjali limakhalabe ndi moyo wake: nyama zimasewera, kupukutira ubweya wawo kwa wina ndi mnzake, beseni mu "dzuwa", kukumba mchenga. Ali ndi tulo tatsiku pang'ono, ndikupita kumalo a ndege, mudzawona nyama zoseketsa izi. Iwo ali achidwi kwambiri kuti akhoza kusokoneza tchuthi chawo kuti awone yemwe adabwera. Koma mawu okweza sakukonda kwawo: ma mekitala amawopa, ngakhale galasi lakuda limawalekanitsa ndi anthu. Koma ngati mungayime mwakachetechete, mudzamva momwe "amalankhulira". Muukapolo, nyama sizisintha machitidwe awo, ayenera kumamverana wina ndi mnzake.
M'nyengo yozizira, banja la meerkat limakhala m'malo otentha, nthawi yamasika, imatsegula njira yopita mumsewu wamawayilesi. Nyamazo zimayamba kupita ku dzuwa, kukafufuza malo ozungulira, koma usiku wozizira zimakhalabe mdzenje lotentha paphiripo. Ndipo pokhapokha nthaka ikatentha, meerkat amapita kukakhala kunja kwa chilimwe chonse. Zomwe zimachitikanso mu kugwa: ndikayamba chisanu, nyama zimasunthira pang'onopang'ono.
Meerkat amadyetsedwa katatu patsiku. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo tchizi chimbudzi, zinziri ndi mazira, nkhuku, koma nyama ndizopangidwadi makamaka zikaona mphutsi za ufa, mphutsi zaobobas ndi tizilombo. Meerkat amawagwira ndikudya nawo kuthamanga kwa mphezi, nthawi zina amakangana ndikukangana. Kabichi amakonda masamba, ndi nthochi. Akadzaza, amagogoda palimodzi, ndipo, atayiwala mikangano yonse, amatsuka.
Zofunikira
Monga tanena kale, ma mekakonde samakonda kuthamangira kunkhondo, kusaka nyama zoopsa.
Kanema ndi mafotokozedwe a nyama izi akuwonetsa kuti ali osamala kwambiri, osayesanso kuchita zoopsa.
Amasaka ndi mabanja onse, kuphatikiza gawo lililonse la gawo lawo.
Chifukwa cha izi, zakudya zimatha mofulumira, ndipo ma mekitala amayenera kupita kwinanso. Koma zilibe kanthu!
Nyamazo zimasamalira pasadakhale kuti pa kilomita imodzi ndi theka kupita mamailo atatu pazinthu zawo pazikhala maenje a 3-5, omwe nthawi zambiri amadzaza, ndikukula pang'ono chifukwa cha kukula kwachinyamata komwe kwawonekera.
Chilichonse chomwe gululo limachita, nthawi zonse chimakhala chongoyang'anira 1 - 2 alonda, kutambasula thupi ndi ulusi ndi kuyang'ana mtunda wautali.
Zosangalatsa! Meerkat amatha kuwona bwino, ngakhale akuwala mwachindunji m'maso dzuwa. Kuti azitha kuteteza khungu, ali ndi kope lachitatu, motero nthawi zonse amagwira zoopsa zakumwamba.
Mitundu ina imapezeka pamiyala, pomwe simungathe kukumba nyumba yabwino.
Pankhaniyi, akufunafuna phanga kapena korona woyenera momwe angakhalire otetezeka.
Chilichonse chomwe gululo limachita, nthawi zonse chimakhala chongoyang'anira 1 - 2 alonda, kutambasula thupi ndi ulusi ndi kuyang'ana mtunda wautali
Banja la nyama likukula pang'onopang'ono, kuti adyetse malo a meerkat amafunika kukulitsidwa.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kugawa magawo atsopano kuchokera kwa anzathu.
Pankhondo zakunyumba zotere, gawo lalikulu la chigonjetso limaseweredwa ndi momwe gulu limalumikizirana.
Nyamazo zimakhala m'mizere yowondera, kutukula michira yawo ndikuyesera kudumpha kwambiri momwe zingathere.
Ngati mdani sanayamikire "kuchuluka kwa zovuta", meerkat amathamangira kunkhondo.
Nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zotere pokhapokha zikamalimbana ndi mtundu wawo.
Ngati tikulankhula za zilombo zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa chiwopsezo, pali njira imodzi yokha yotuluka - kuthamangira.
Zosangalatsa! Pachilankhulo cha meerkats pamakhala matanthauzidwe omveka bwino momwe ngoziyo imayambira komanso komwe kukuchokera - "nthaka - mlengalenga" kapena "kupitanso" pafupi. Makanda a Meerkat amaphunzitsidwa kuti azitha kuzindikira phokoso "mopitilira", ndipo pokhapokha athe kusiyanitsa komwe mavutowo amachokera.
Mutu wa mabanja amasamalira adongosolo ndipo amasunga achichepere
Zaukhondo
Meerkat nthawi zambiri amafunika kusambira. Mwiniyo akayenda, pamenepa, petetayo azichapa mawoko ake nthawi iliyonse.
Mwezi uliwonse muyenera kusamba nyama ndi shampu yosakhala yankhanza kwa nyama. Pachifukwa ichi, bafa ndimatsamba loyenerera. Panthawi ya ndondomekoyi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi samalowa m'makutu a chiweto.
Meerkat samasambira kwambiri, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuwachotsa mu beseni lamadzi chifukwa chaichi.
Mukatha kusamba, pukuta nyamayo ndi thaulo ndikupukuta youma. Ndipo pokhapokha mungathe kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba.
Zochititsa chidwi pazomwe zimakhala zama meerkat
- Meerkat ndi achidwi kwambiri, motero amasangalala kulankhulana ndi anthu. Mafuko ena a ku Africa adakwanitsa kupha nyama zamtunduwu.
- M'mawa uliwonse dzuwa litalowa, banja la meerkat limasinthana zopangirana, monga kusangalatsa wina aliyense tsiku litayamba.
- Nyama izi zili ndi chilankhulo chawo: Ofufuzawo polankhulana ndi meerkat adawerengetsa mawu oposa khumi ndi awiri.
- Meerkat amakhalabe achimwemwe mpaka atakalamba. Amakhala anzeru komanso amakhudzana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwiniwakeyo azitha kulankhula nawo chilankhulo wamba. Nthawi yomweyo, meerkat sakhala osokoneza, samakakamizidwa kwa eni ndi alendo.
- Ndiwosangalatsa kucheza, amapanga mawu osiyanasiyana, kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, koma sakuwafuula, si nyama zopanda phokoso. Mphamvu zowononga zamagetsi ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa za galu kapena mphaka, chifukwa chake sangathe "kutembenuza nyumbayo".
- Amakonda kukwera kuseri kwa sofa, mipando, komwe ndi yopapatiza komanso yamdima, amatha kuyang'ana chilichonse, amatha kukwera mu chovala chotseguka ndikukhala pakati zovala, sangawononge chilichonse, koma amatembenuza muluwo pansi, motero ndibwino kuiwala kutseka zitseko. Zinthu sizikukula, musawononge, mawaya nawonso.
- Palibe munthu amene angalole malo ena kuti akhale ndi banja lalikulu, lomwe kuthengo limatha kufikira anthu 40.
- Komabe, meerkat amatha kuyanjana mosavuta ndi ziweto zina, monga mphaka ndi galu, ngati mphaka kapena galu alibe mawonekedwe oyipa, oyipa.
- Meerkat sioyipa, ndipo ngati alendo azibwera m'chipindacho, adzakumana nawo mosangalatsa. Amavala nsapato, zikwama ndi chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka m'gawo lawo, koma sakusonyeza ukali uliwonse.
- Zachidziwikire, ndibwino kuyamba osapanga meerkat imodzi, koma awiri nthawi imodzi, kuti athe kusewera ndi kusamalirana wina ndi mnzake, ngati simukufuna kubereka meerkat, ndiye kuti mutha kukhala ndi abale kapena alongo awiri omwe si amuna okhaokha.
- Meerkat mu nyumba amakhala m'malo opanda anthu. Palibe maselo! Monga chimbudzi, Meerkat imayenera kukhala ndi mphaka wamtundu kapena tambula tating'ono, tomwe mumasankha. Ndowe zawo komanso mkodzo wake umanunkhira kochepera kuposa kuphira kwa mphaka, ndipo ndikuyeretsa kwakhazikika komanso kwakanthawi, nyumba simanununkhira.
- Mutha kupita koyenda ndi meerkat, koma akumva bwino, akukhalabe kunyumba. Poyenda, zingwe zazing'ono zazing'ono ndizoyenera. Osaloleza aliyense kuyendetsa msewu wamsewu, atha kuthawa ndikusochera kapena kutsika mgalimoto!
- M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kupatsa meerkat mwayi wocheza nawo pawindo limodzi.
- Meerkats amakonda kuyang'ana pawindo zomwe zikuchitika, nthawi zambiri kumangolira anthu odutsa ndi magalimoto. Pazenera pazikhala maukonde a udzudzu, makamaka zitsulo, apo ayi meerkat ikhoza kutuluka pazenera! Sizovomerezeka kwa iye kuti aziyenda mozungulira ngati sanayang'ane!
- Pazakudya, Meerkat siosangalatsa kwambiri, amatha kudya chakudya champhaka, ndipo mutha kudyetsanso nyama, nsomba ndi mkaka. Komanso samakana agalu ndi nyama zina. Chinthu chachikulu mu chakudya chawo ndikupeza madzi akumwa nthawi zonse.
- Mwachilengedwe, meerkat amakhala m'mabowo, choncho ndibwino kuti azitola nyumba yodumphika, osati yayikulu kwambiri, kapena mutha kugula chitoliro chautsi cha meerkat kwa agalu, ndipo kumapeto kwa chitolirocho kuyala matiresi ofewa. Dziwani kuti nyama zamtchire sizimachoka “pogona” usiku, chifukwa chake zimbudzi zimawonekera nthawi ndi nthawi, simuyenera kulanga mwana chifukwa izi, mwanzeru sizimulola kupita mumdima ... olusa oopsa amatha kuyendayenda pamenepo. Koma meerkat satha kupirira mpaka m'mawa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi zinyalala zake.
Zochita kunyumba
Malinga ndi ndemanga, meerkats amamva bwino mu aviary komanso ngakhale m'nyumba. Zochita zawo, chisangalalo, kukondana zimakonda kwambiri obereketsa. Akakhala kundende, nyamayo imatha kukhalako zaka 12. Koma popeza mayi uja amakonda kwambiri banja, ndikofunika kupeza ma meya ambiri. Ngati mwiniwake safuna kulandira ana, mutha kutenga anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzanu. Chifukwa chake sangakhale otopa, ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala mwayi wosewera. Izi ndizofunikira kwa nyama. Chinyama chija ndi chibwenzi ndi mwini wake, koma chomaliza sichingasinthe banja ndi chiweto.
Zolemba
- Meerkat
- cholembedwa kuchokera ku Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - Wathunthu zojambula zithunzi. "Amayi" Prince. 1 = New New Mammals / Ed. D. MacDonald. - M: "Omega", 2007. - 464 p. - Makope 3000. - ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8. - S. 137.
- ↑ 1234Fuehrer T.
[Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/infform/Suricata_suricatta.html
Suricata suricatta
(meerkat)] - Animal Diversity Web - Akimushkin I.I.
Dziko la nyama. Zinyama, kapena nyama. - 3rd ed. - M: Kuganiza, 1994 .-- 445 p. - ISBN 5-244-00740-8. - S. 123. - Clark J.
[nyama.howstuffworks.com/mammals/meerkats-poison1.htm Kodi meerkat sikhala ndi poizoni?] - HowStuffWorks - [zmmu.msu.ru/files/images/musei/publication/divers_mammals-3.pdf Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama. Gawo III] / O. L. Rossolimo, I. Ya. Pavlinov, S.V. Kruskop, A.A. Lisovsky, N.N. Spasskaya, A.V. Borisenko, A.A. Panyutin. - M: Nyumba Yofalitsa ya KMK, 2004 .-- 408 p. - (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama). - ISBN 5-87317-098-3. - S. 719.
- [asonvar.ru/source-4536-BBC_-_ZHizn__mlekopitayushih.html BBC Mndandanda: The Life of Mammals. Nkhani 8]
Njira yodziwitsa meerkat ku threyi
Njira yodziwira chiweto kuchimbudzi ndi chosavuta ndipo sizitanthauza zovuta zilizonse. Nyama zimayankha bwino pophunzitsidwa. Choyamba muyenera kuyang'ana chiwetocho, ndipo akafuna kupirira, muyenera kuchisinthira ku thireyi. Ngati mulibe nthawi yosunthira chiwetocho pamalo oyenera, muyenera kuchotsa zomwe adachita ndikuyika thireyi, ikani meerkat pamenepo ndikuwonetsa zotsatira zake. Meerkat itatha kulondola njira y kuchimbudzi, onetsetsani kuti mwapereka nyama yoti idye. Maphunziro angapo otere, ndipo meerkat imvetsetsa komwe muyenera kuyang'anira zochitika zanu.
Nyama isanagone m'nyumba mwake, ndikofunikira kuyika phokoso pamenepo, chifukwa usiku, petayo sangapite kukakwaniritsa chosowacho. Khalidweli limadziwikanso ndi chilengedwe chake chomwe amakhala, chifukwa meerkat sidzasiya kabowo usiku, ndipo sidzadziika pangozi.
Malingaliro a obereketsa
Pafupifupi eni ake onse amangokhala ndi ndemanga zabwino zokhazokha za meerkat. Nyama yokongola iyi idakondana ndi anthu ambiri mdziko lathu. Amadziona nyamayo ngati wanzeru, wokonda, wopanda nkhawa.
Eni ake amakonda kuti sizowonongedwa ndipo sizivuta ndi chidwi chawo, sizimawononga zinthu zapakhomo. Amatha kukwera mu bulangeti ndikutembenuzira chilichonse pansi pamenepo, koma osang'amba kalikonse ndipo sadzaluma. Zovala za nyamayo sikuti zimangotulutsa chilichonse m'chipindacho.
Kusangalatsidwa ndi meerkat kumakhalabe naye moyo wake wonse. Nyama imayenda bwino ndi mphaka, ngati singakhale woipa. Meerkat amasamalira alendo mwachidwi, amapita kukawadziwa, samawonetsa kukwiya.
Utsogoleri wabanja
Moyo wamagulu ndi wofunikira kuti nyama zizipulumuka. Gulu lotero nthawi zina limatchedwa "gulu" kapena "gulu" la meerkat. Imatsogozedwa ndi mbali ya alpha yomwe mkazi amalamulira. M'magulu opangidwa, ambiri mwa mamembala ake ndi ana kapena abale a alpha.
Alfa-awiri (komanso awiriawiri "am'manja" kwa iwo) chaka chilichonse amabwezeretsa banjali ndi ana a 2-4 pachaka. Otsala a gululi amasamalira ana ndipo nthawi zina amadyetsa ana mkaka. Zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa kupulumuka kwa makanda ndikofunikira kuti chiwerengero cha anthu chikhalebe chokwanira.
Zosangalatsa! Akuluakulu achikulire nthawi zambiri amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe kuti ateteze ana ang'ono a mabanja awo.
Mafunso okhudza chitetezo
Malinga ndi ndemanga, ma mekitchu kunyumba amawonekera ngati nyama zokonda kudziwa, kusaka ming'alu yonse, kumatha kukwera pasofa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mwiniwake azitsimikizira zachitetezo cha chiweto chake:
- Malo onse owopsa azitsekedwa kwa chiweto.
- Nyama sikuyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wololeza kapena khonde lomwe silinadziwike.
- Mankhwala apakhomo ayenera kubisika mosamala.
- Zinthu zazing'ono (mabatani, misomali, ulusi) siziyenera kufikiridwa ndi meerkat. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito ku zinyalala zakukhitchini.
- Musanagulire makina ochapira, onetsetsani kuti nyamayo singayikemo.
- Mukatseka zitseko, onetsetsani kuti nyamayo isazungulira pafupi nayo.
Palibe mankhwala kwa munthu amene ayenera kuperekedwa kwa chiweto. Pankhani ya matenda a chiweto, veterinary ayenera kuchisonyeza.
Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wa meerkat kunyumba zimatengera mwachindunji chisamaliro chomwe mwiniwake amasamalira nyamayo.
Malingaliro
- [Animalbox.ru/animals/surikata-suricata-suricata Surikata]. Animalbox.ru - Buku lakale la nyama. - Kufotokozera, zithunzi ndi makanema zida. [www.webcitation.org/65WFsP5Th Zosungidwa kuchokera koyambirira pa February 17, 2012].
- [terramia.ru/photo/surikat-solnechnyj-angel-afriki/ Meerkat - solar angel of Africa]. terramia.ru - magazini ya intaneti yokhudza chilengedwe. - Chithunzi, mafotokozedwe. [www.webcitation.org/65WFtDO2A Zoyambira kuyambira pa February 17, 2012].
Chithunzi chosavomerezeka kapena chosowa | Kusintha nkhaniyi, ndikofunika:
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Moyo
Meerkat amatsogolera njira yokhazikika: kumadzuka m'mawa, amapita kukafunafuna chakudya, kenako nkukhala kanthawi kuchimbudzi kwawo ndikuyamba kukumba mabowo. Amakumba pafupifupi nthawi yawo yonse yaulere, akukhazikika ndikukulitsa malembawo, kubwezeretsanso zojambula zowazidwa ndikakonzanso mizere yatsopano. Mizere yatsopano imasungidwa m'malo osungirako akale, nthawi zina ma mekitala amasiya burashi wakale chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi majeremusi ndikuyenda mtunda wa 1-2 km moyandikana. Kusunthira kutali ndi ntchito, meerkat amatha kugula pang'ono: kutentha kwambiri kumakhala kugona m'mabowo, nthawi zina amatenga dzuwa, amatambasulidwa potuluka, koma zimachitika kuti kupukutira kumawaphimba pamalo pomwe akumenyera, ndiye kuti meerkat yemwe wayimilira mzere amatha kupumula ndikugwa. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti ma mekitala samasamala. Izi ndi nyama zotchera khutu kwambiri komanso mosamala, zikuyang'ana nthawi zonse. Madzulo, meerkat amapitanso kukasaka chakudya ndikupita kukagona, usiku sanathere.