Sonya Sadovaya (Wachilatini: Eliomys quercinus) ndiwofesi komanso wowoneka bwino wazotchuka. Mosiyana ndi abale amtchire, imatha kukhazikika osati m'nkhalango za oak, komanso m'minda yakale. Ali ndi dzina lake lodziwika chifukwa chakuti kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, atakhala ndi kulemera ndikukonzekera nkhokwe yozizira, Sonya amagwera m'maso.
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Pofala, lero makoko ochokera ku banja la Sonev agwera pansi pa gulu la nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kulembedwa, adalembedwa mu Red Book lapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo amatetezedwa. Ngakhale kuti m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi chiwerengero cha nyama chatsika kwambiri, makamaka kumalo komwe kuli kum'mawa, zimanenedwabe ngati tizirombo, ndipo m'malo ena zimangodyedwa.
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Kufotokozera
Kulemera kwa dormouse wam'munda kumayambira makumi anayi ndi kasanu mpaka zana ndi makumi anayi. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwamtunda ndi 10-17 masentimita, ndipo mchira wofiyira wokhala ndi ngayaye kumapeto umakhala wofanana. Phokoso laloledwa, ndi maso akulu ndi makutu.
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Chovala chimakhala chachifupi, chofewa komanso chofewa, chojambulidwa imvi kapena chofiirira. M'mimba, khosi, chifuwa ndi miyendo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera kapena zapinki. Mzere wakuda umalowa kuchokera m'maso ndi makutu, zomwe zimawapatsa mawonekedwe akuwoneka ngati wakuba, pomwe ali chizindikiro cha kugona m'munda.
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Mawonekedwe a chirombo Sony
Sony - nyama zazing'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo lozama ndi masentimita 6,5, mchira - 4-16,5 masentimita, iwo amalemera magalamu 15-200. Ubweya wawo ndi wofewa, wotikumbutsa agologolo, mtundu wake, kutengera mtunduwo, umasiyana kuchokera phulusa laimvi kukhala lofiyira komanso lofiirira. Mtundu wina, chigoba chakuda chimakongoletsa chizungulire. Mchira wake ndiwofewa m'mitundu yonse, kupatula womwe uli ndi mbewa, komanso gulu, hazel, dimba, nkhalango ndi agalu ogona ku Africa, mchira umatha kuthyoka ngati nyama yolusa ikudya.
Nyamazo zimakhala ndi zazikulu, zozungulira, zonyezimira, maso akuda ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira.
Zala zinayi za kutsogolo ndi zisanu pamiyendo yakumbuyo zimanyamula zala zazifupi zokhota. Pansi pamiyendo mulibe kanthu komanso zofewa ngati pilo.
Mitundu ya mitu ya kugona, yogawa
Ponseponse, mitundu 28 ya dormouse imadziwika mu 8 genera ndi 3 subfamilies.
Subfamily Graphiurinae
Ku dormouse ku Africa kuno kuli mitundu 14, kuphatikizapo Sonia Christie, Sonia Kellen, miyala, savannah, Angolan ndi sony ina.
Sonya Kellen (Graphiurus kelleni)
Subfamily Leithiinae
The dormouse subfamily imaphatikizapo dormouse m'nkhalango (mitundu itatu), dimba (mitundu iwiri) ndi mbewa yolumikizira (mitundu itatu).
Sonia Forest (Dryomys nitedula)
Dormouse (Eliomys quercinus), ngakhale ili ndi dzina, amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango za Central Europe, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala m'ma tchire kapena pamwala.
Subfamily Myoxinae
Dormouse yeniyeni yokhala ndi dormouse imaphatikizapo theka, Japan ndi hazel dormouse.
Wopakidwa utoto wokongola wa hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) amakhala m'mitengo ndikukula kwachilengedwe, ali wolumikizana kwambiri ndi hazel.
Mitu ya kugona imapezeka ku Europe, Africa, Asia, Turkey ndi Japan. Amakhala m'malo a nkhalango ndi miyala, maponda, minda. Mitundu ingapo amakhalanso ku Russia (alumali, dimba, Hazel yamtchire ndi mbewa).
Habitat ndi zizolowezi za m'zipinda zogona
Sony imatsogolera moyo wamadzulo, kugwiritsa ntchito maso akulu, ma ndevu ataliatali komanso lingaliro labwino la kununkhira poyenda m'malo. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zodalirika kuposa mbewa. Nyama zimatha nthawi yayitali kukwera mitengo ndi tchire, ndipo mitundu yokhala ngati dimba ndi dormouse nthawi zambiri imatsikira pansi, koma kuthekera kwawo kukwera mtengo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kothandiza, makamaka akafuna kuchoka kutali ndi adani. Mtundu umodzi wokha - the Trans-Caspian mouse dormouse - umangokhala padziko lapansi.
Pakati pa nthambi iwo akuyang'ana maluwa, mungu, zipatso, mtedza ndi tizilombo. Sonya amafunikira malo okhala ndi mitundu yabwino yazomera kuti zitsimikizike popezeka chakudya.
Madzulo, Sonya amagona pabowo lamtengo kapena chisa. Chisa cha nyamayi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowumbidwa pafupifupi 15 cm kudutsa, ndipo kuti chimangire, nyamayo imaphwanya kortex, ndikuyala ndi mpira ndipo imatha kuzungulira ndi masamba. Nyama imadyetsa zosaposa 70 metres kuchokera ku chisa chake.
Kuchulukana kwa ziweto nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopanda kuchuluka kwa makoko ena (pafupifupi anthu 0 mpaka 10 mpaka 10 pa hekita). Sonya amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Gulu lirilonse limakhala ndi malo amodzi payekha, omwe mulifupi mwake akhoza kukhala 100 mpaka 200 metres.
Nyamazo zimamva bwino, ndipo zimalankhula. Alumali, hazel, munda ndi dormouse mu Africa amatulutsa, mluzu ndi ma grunts.
Mu chilengedwe chilengedwe dormouse amakhala zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Zizolowezi ndi zizolowezi
Ngati tizingolankhula za kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m dormouse, ndiye malo awo okhala pakati, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa kontrakitala ya Europe, zigawo zapakati ndi kumwera kwa Africa ndi Asia Minor.
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Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango komanso m'minda yabwino kwambiri, ndipo amakonzekeretsa nyumba zawo munthambi zazitali, m'maenje, kapena m'malo okhala zisa.
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Nyengo yachisanu isanayambike, malo osungirako malo amakhazikitsidwa pobisalira mizere pakati pa mizu yamitengo, kusamalira chitetezo cha kutentha m'nyengo yozizira. Pa nthawi ya kugwa, kunenepa kwambiri ndi katatu kuposa momwe zimakhalira, motero kuphatikiza mafuta ofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo nthawi yayitali.
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Kugona nthawi yayitali
Ku Europe, matalala amakhazikika kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Nyama zimagona m'maenje kapena zisa, zopangika, mwachitsanzo, mu stumps. Amayala zisa ndi udzu, ubweya, masamba, etc. Nyama isanadutse, nyamayo imakonza chakudya chochepa ngati ikudzutsa ndipo imafuna kudya, ngakhale kuti nthawi yozizira imayesetsa kudya yokha ndi kudziunjikira mafuta ochulukirapo. Kukonzekera nthawi yachisanu kumatha, Sonya amapindika ndipo amagona.
Kutalika kwa hibernation kutengera nyengo ndipo kumatha kufika miyezi 9 (pafupifupi, hibernation kumatha miyezi 7). Pamagona, kutentha kwa thupi kumatsikira kutentha, ndipo kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupuma kumatsitsidwa ndi 90% kapena kupitilira - izi zimapulumutsa mphamvu ndikulola nyama kuti ikhale ndi moyo pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yamafuta amthupi. Kutentha mumsewu kumawonjezeka, matenthedwe a thupi m'chipinda chogona nawonso amayamba kukwera, ndipo kuti adzuke kwathunthu, zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Minda yogona maluwa ndi yam'munda. Masana, nthawi zambiri amagona, ndipo nthawi yamadzulo amasaka. Zakudya zake zazikulu ndizakudya za nyama. Ngakhale atakhala ndi zipatso ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, patatha sabata limodzi atakhala zakudya zamasamba amatha kugwa. Akatswiri ena adziwa zowona zamatsenga pomwe achoka hibernation. Koma tiyeni tizilongosole.
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Zakudya, zimadalira malo. Sony, wokhala m'minda, osanyoza chilichonse. Amakonda maapulo, mapeyala, mapichesi, mphesa komanso ngakhale yamatcheri mosangalatsa. Mukalowa m'chipinda chomwe amasungira, amalawa mkate, tchizi, mkaka ndi nyemba zomwe zimapezeka malo opezeka.
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Komabe, chipatso chimakhala chokoma. Chakudya chachikulu ndi kafadala, mphutsi, agulugufe, akangaude, centipedes, nyongolotsi, nkhono. Monga chakudya chotsekemera, amatha kusangalala ndi mazira.
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Ma Sony ndiwosaka bwino kwambiri mwanjira yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, anyani ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikiza mbewa ndi mbalame, nthawi zambiri amakhala chakudya chawo.
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Asanakhale hibernation, nyama sizipanga masheya, kupatula nthawi zina.
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Chotuluka
Atatuluka hibernation, dormouse imayamba nyengo yakukhwima. Udindo wofunikira panthawiyi umachitika ndi mawu. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, amuna achizungu amalira akathamangitsa zazikazi, ndipo akazi aku dimba achikazi amakopa amuna ndi azungu.
Mimba imatenga masiku 21 mpaka 32. Alumali ndi dormouse dormouse amabweretsa ana 1 pachaka, ndi hazel ndi nkhalango - mpaka atatu.
Atatsala pang'ono kubereka, wamkazi amayamba kumanga chisa, nthawi zambiri chozungulira, pakabowoleza mtengo kapena mphanda m'nthambi. Zomwe zimapezeka pachisa ndi udzu, masamba ndi mbewa. Chipinda chosanja ndi alumali pochepetsera nthenga ndi tsitsi.
Mu ana, pali ana awiri kuyambira 9 mpaka 9, kukula kwa ana pafupifupi onse m'chipinda chogona ndi ana anayi. Ng'ombe zimabadwa zamaliseche komanso khungu. Mu sabata yoyamba ya moyo, amayamba kusiyanitsa zonunkhira, ngakhale, mwachiwonekere, kusinthana kwa malovu pakati pa mayi ndi ana ndiyo njira yayikulu yodziwirana. Pazaka pafupifupi 18, achinyamata amayamba kumva, ndipo nthawi yomweyo maso awo amakhala otseguka. Pambuyo pobadwa, amakutidwa ndi imvi, ndipo pakatha milungu inayi amakhala amtundu wofanana ndi akulu. Ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 6 ndi 6 milungu, unyamata umayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Mpaka nthawi ya hibernation ifike, ogona amakula mwachangu, kenako chitukuko chimachepa. Amakhala okhazikika pazaka pafupifupi chimodzi.
Adani ndi zokuopseza
Pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo, Sony anali ochulukirapo ndipo nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ngati ziweto kumidzi. Tsoka ilo, lero ndi mitundu yosowa komanso yokhala pangozi, ndipo owerengeka anali ndi mwayi kuwawona kuthengo.
Pakadali pano, theka la mitundu ya Sonya adalembedwa m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red: Mitundu 4 monga yomwe ili m'malo okhudzidwa, 4 yokhala osatetezeka ndipo asanu monga omwe ali pafupi kuti awopseze.
Zoyang'anira monga kadzidzi, mbidzi, nkhandwe, nsapato ndi zozungulira zimasokoneza nyama, komabe, kuchepa kwa kugona kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala nkhalango ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe oyang'anira nkhalango.
Moyo
Zochita zodzikongoletsera ndizochepa kwa miyezi 4.5 pachaka ndipo zimachitika munyengo yotentha. Ulamuliro wa kudzutsidwa kochulukirapo kumayambukira madzulo ndi usiku, Sonya akapita kuderalo kufunafuna chakudya choyenera. Nyama yodumphanso imakwera mitengo ndikuyenda pansi, koma njirazo sizimapezeka kawirikawiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga mitu yonse yogona tulo, makoko a dimba nthawi zambiri amasuntha mosasamala (pagulo), nthawi zina amasunthira kukanjira. Munjira yachiwiri yosunthira, miyendo yakumbuyo imakwezedwa pang'ono panjanji kuyambira kutsogolo.
Munda wapa dimba umakonda kusungulumwa, kwa nthawi yayitali nthawi zina umalumikizana ndi zomwezi. Amanga zisa m'makumba onse osafunikira, mwachitsanzo:
- m'maenje, nthawi zambiri zipatso (thundu, linden ndi aspen),
- mkati stump akale
- pansi pa mitengo yobayira
- m'maenje apansi panthaka
- m'nyumba zopikira mbalame,
- mu zisa zakupanga.
Nthawi zambiri zisa zakale za nthabwala, matsenga kapena zokondweretsa zimakhala chida chogona. Makoko ake amaphatikizira ndi nthambi zatsopano, kuzungulira mawonekedwe a chisa ndikuthandizira kutuluka kwa gawo lake lakumunsi.
Ndizotheka kumvetsetsa kuti dormouse idakhazikika mu chisa / nyumba yofikira mbalame chifukwa cha fungo linalake, kupezeka kwa zinyalala pansi / padenga ndi zotsalira za chakudya wamba (zopaka zikopa, ubweya, nthenga za mbalame ndi utinitin wa tizilombo).
Kutetezedwa
Chipinda chokhacho "chakumpoto" chomwe chimagweramo ndi ena: kum'mwera kwa malo, kubisala kumakhala kochepa komanso kochepa. Ndodo zomaliza zomaliza zimawonedwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala: pofika nthawi iyi ndi zonenepa kwambiri, katatu kulemera. Sony imatha kuchita popanda kupereka nthawi yachisanu, koma nthawi zina imakoka zidutswa zazingwe kuti zikwere.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kugwedera nyengo yachisanu kumakhala kofanana kwa achinyamata, nthawi zambiri kukwera m'misasa yopanda chitetezo, komwe mchipinda chogona chimagona mpaka kufa kapena kugwidwa ndi agalu ndi nkhandwe.
Panthawi ya nyumba yozizira nthawi zambiri amakhala:
- zotchinga ndi makoswe ena,
- mizere pansi pa miyala / mizu,
- ming'oma ya njuchi
- chitsa chowola
- m'mbali ndi zovala,
- nkhokwe ndi poyambira.
Ataganizira zam'zipinda, Sonia amapanga mpira (pafupifupi 20 cm), ndikuwuphimba ndi masamba / ubweya kuchokera kunja, ndikuwumanga ndi moss, udzu, nthenga ndi nthambi zazing'ono kuchokera mkati.
Habitat, malo okhala
Chipinda chodyeramo maluwa chasankha nkhalango zomwe zili kumapeto ndi kumapeto kwa North Africa, Europe ndi chilumba cha Mediterranean.
Imapezeka m'dziko lathu kumadera ake akumadzulo, kumayambira kummawa ndi kumpoto. Sonia adawonedwa kumadera a Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, ku Southern Urals ndi Lower Prikamye.
Imakonda nkhalango zowirira komanso zophatikiza pomwe mitengo ya oak, hazel, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, mapulo, linden, phulusa la mapiri ndi duwa lakuthengo limamera.. Nthawi zambiri amasankha malo pafupi ndi munthuyo - nkhalango, minda, m'mbali ndi nyumba zakale pafupi ndi nkhalangoyi.
Adani achilengedwe
Ma drowsies a m'munda amasakidwa ndi:
- kadzidzi (owungu, kadzidzi komanso yoyenda),
- agalu ndi amphaka
- mbozi ndi buluzi,
- cunyi (marten, polecat ndi ermine),
- nkhandwe.
Pomenyera chakudya cham'malo, sony mopanda chiyembekezo amataya kwa omwe akupikisana nawo - makoswe otuwa.
Zakudya, dimba sony chakudya
Utoto uwu, chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake chodabwitsa, sudzafa konse ndi njala, chifukwa umadutsa mosavuta kuchokera kuzomera kupita ku chakudya chanyama, ndikupatsa chidwi ndi izi zomaliza.
Dimba lodyeramo munda limayenda mosatakasaka padziko lapansi kufunafuna chakudya, kunyamula mtedza wamphesa, zipatso za ma acorn, mbewu za elm, mitengo ya linden ndi mitengo yotentha. M'makomo a chilimwe, mapeyala, yamatcheri, maapulo, mphesa, zipatso zamapichesi zimadyedwa ndipo masamba (pafupifupi mosiyana ndi Sonya onse) samadyedwa.
Kumenya ma invertebrates ku zinyalala za m'nkhalango, kuphatikizapo tizilombo. Orthoptera amakonda kuchokera kumutu, koma samadya mapiko ndi zodontha. Mollusk amayamwa, ndikupanga dzenje lakuzama. Munjira yomweyo mumamwa zomwe zili mazira a mbalame. Osawopa kuukira nyama zing'onozing'ono ndi mbalame.
Ndizosangalatsa! Munda wapa dimba uchepetsa kwambiri mbalame zazing'ono. Zowonongeka zazikulu zimachitidwa kwa iwo omwe amakhala mumabowo. Amadziwika kuti kubowo amapanga mosavuta nyenyezi yofanana ndi yolemera kwa iye.
Kulowera m'malo okhala anthu, makoswewo amapanga zinthu - zipatso zouma, zipatso, chimanga ndi nsomba zouma.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Popeza anali atatseguka kuchokera ku hibernation, dormouse akuyamba kubereka, kuyiwala za kupumula kwa nthawi masana. Nyama zimathamanga kwambiri, zimasiya zikwangwani pa stumps, mizu ndi miyala. Kubala kumayambira pa Meyi mpaka Okutobala: munthawi imeneyi, mkazi amabweretsa zinyalala chimodzi, kawirikawiri - ziwiri.
Mzimayi wokhwima amaliza mwamuna. Olembawo amamuyankha ndi mawu ofanana ndi madzi otentha mu teapot, osayiwala kuthamangitsa ndikuluma otsutsana nawo. Maanja amapanga masiku angapo, kenako mnzawoyo amawatulutsa kapena kusiya mwamunayo, nasiya yekha mnyumbayo.
Mchitidwewo umatenga pang'ono pasanathe mwezi (masiku 22-28) ndipo umatha ndikuwoneka kwa ana 2-7 akhungu, amaliseche komanso ogontha omwe ayamba kuwona kumapeto kwa sabata lachitatu. Pofika mwezi womwe amakhala akudya okha ndipo akungoyang'ana kwa amayi awo, akumamatirira ku chovala chake komanso wina ndi mnzake.
Pakatha miyezi iwiri chibadwire, amayi amasiya ana awo omwe amakhala limodzi kwakanthawi. Pambuyo nyengo yachisanu yoyamba, nthawi zambiri ana ogona amakhala okonzeka kukhala makolo. Kutalika kwa moyo wokhala ndi makoswe pafupifupi zaka zisanu.
Makoko awa amafunikira kolowera (osati yayitali kwambiri, koma yotakata) yokhala ndi snag, chidutswa cha thunthu, nthambi zazikulu ndi gudumu loyenda. Poyesapo ndi sod anagona pansi, nyumba yosanja (makamaka ziwiri) imapachikidwa pakhoma ndi chivindikiro chowachotsa.
Zofunika! Nyumba yachiwiri ya mbalame imagwiranso ntchito, pomwe yoyambayo ikuyeretsa pang'onopang'ono ndikuyeretsa zinyalala, zinyalala za chakudya ndi zinyalala zina. Ndipo mudzayenera kuyeretsa nyumba za mbalame nthawi zambiri chifukwa chokonda kwambiri Sonya kuzakudya zamagulu, zomwe zimatha kuwola msanga.
Zakudya zamakutu ogona ali ndi:
- zipatso ndi zipatso (kuphatikizapo zouma),
- mtedza ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa,
- mavwende (chivwende, vwende ndi dzungu),
- Zomera zamtchire, makungwa ndi masamba,
- m'chiuno mwake, phulusa la kumapiri, ndi viburnum,
- agogo ndi mitengo,
- nyongolotsi ndi ufa wa gulugufe,
- mazira, mkaka ndi nyama yaiwisi.
Kutentha kwa madigiri 0 mpaka +5, nyama zapakhomo zimadzaza. Kuti muchite izi, adzafunika bokosi losiyana, lomwe pansi pake pali zisanza, udzu ndi masamba owuma. Mutha kuyika njere ndi mtedza pafupi.
Mitundu ya kuchuluka
Kwazaka makumi awiri kapena zitatu zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa makoswe awa (makamaka kumadera akumadzulo kwa masanjidwewo) kwatsika kwambiri, ndipo m'malo ena madera am'munda athera kwathunthu. Izi zikufotokozera mtundu wa zolengedwa zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha Mndandanda wa IUCN Red. Zowona, pambuyo pake nyama zimayikidwa m'gulu loopsa, lotchedwa "pafupi kwambiri", chifukwa kuchepa kwa anthu ambiri.
Munda wapanja. Mbewa ya agologolo otuluka
Kanyama kakang'ono kokongola kokhala ndi nkhope yowonekera kumayeretsa dzina lake. Wokonda kubisala kwa miyezi ingapo atadzuka atadabwa ndi zochitikazo komanso kusinthasintha kwa moyo.
Mtolo wa mamalia sudzadzipatsa wokha, koma umasiya kukuwonekeratu kuti ukakhala m'munda wamaluwa kapena nyumba yachilimwe. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, tulo tating'ono tulo tili zolengedwa zokongola komanso zopanda pake.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Sonya, kapena mouslov, ndi yaying'ono, yaying'ono ngati khoswe. Awo banja lawo lakale adatchulidwa ndi Aristotle. Kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 80 g pofika pakati pa chilimwe, kutalika kwa munthu mpaka masentimita 15. Mchira wautali wamitundu itatu mpaka masentimita 13 mpaka 14. Mapeto, burashi lathyathyathya la tsitsi loyera.
Phokoso losongoka lomwe limakhala ndi tinyanga ta tsitsi losiyanasiyana limafotokozeratu. Makutu ali ndi mawonekedwe, amazungulira mozungulira phokoso. Maso akuda okhala ndi eyeliner yakuda pamakutu pa ubweya wofiirira wofiirira umapereka chizungulire pang'onopang'ono.
Mimba, chifuwa ndi masaya ziphimbidwa ndi ubweya woyera, ndipo kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira. Ndi zaka, chovala cha ubweya wa nyama chimangokhala chokongoletsera, chimakhala chokongola. Miyendo yakumbuyo munda sony zokulirapo kuposa kutsogolo.
Izi zimasiyanitsa abale ambiri a sonyeva am'banja. Tizilomboti tikhala patsogolo. Wolemba Kufotokozera za dormouse wam'munda chofanana ndi mbewa yayikulu ndi mchira wakuda.
Sonya amakhala m'minda yosiyanasiyana ya Russia, ku Belarus. Garden ogona mutu ku Ukraine komanso zachilendo. Imapezeka m'minda yakale ndi m'mapaki a anthu okhala ku Europe ndi America. Ndimakonda kuponyedwa ndi alendo popanda chilolezo m'nyumba zanyumba. Kuyandikana ndi anthu kumawoneka ngati makoswe.
Achibale a Sonya regiments komanso chimbudzi cha m'nkhalango ndi mokweza, ndipo wokhalamo m'munda sakonda mawu ake. Chifukwa chake, nkovuta kuzindikira kukhalako kwa nyamayo. Sonya akakakamizidwa kuti "alankhule", ndiye amapanga mawu oseketsa, ofanana ndi kubangula kwa tizilombo.
Mutha kugwira Sonya m'nyumba zopangira mbalame: nyumba zopikira mbalame, matebulo. Makoko amakwera m'maenje, zisa za mbalame. Amakonda malo othinana ndimatayala, komwe zimakhala zosavuta kubisala kuti asayang'anitsidwe ndi phindu.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala pali kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa makoswe, m'malo omwe anangosowa. AT Red Book Garden Dormouse amadziwika ndi mitundu yovuta. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa anthu sizinakhazikike bwino.
Amaganizira kuti nyamayo imasinthidwa ndi khoswe wamphamvu kapena imvi yamoto, kudula mitengo, komwe ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya Sonya ikugwirizana. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri amawona kusinthasintha kwa mitundu yamtunduwu kusiyanasiyana kwa chakudya ndi malo okhala.
Kulowera mu mchenga ndi masitolo ambiri, kusinthanso ma shets ndi ma attic sikusiyira nyama popanda chakudya. Malo osangalatsa, oak, nkhalango zosakanikirana, mapiri mpaka 2000 m - malo okongola a kukonzanso kugona.
Chikhalidwe komanso moyo wamunda wam'munda
Zochita za nyama zimawonjezeka madzulo komanso usiku. Koma nthawi yakukhwima, palibe nthawi yokwanira, choncho ogona amakhala otanganidwa masana.
Amamanga nyumba zokhala ndi zisa, nyumba zakale, nyumba zopikira mbalame, zimbudzi zopanda kanthu, pansi padenga la nyumba kapena malo obisika a zomangapo zakale. Sizikwera pamwamba kwambiri, sizikhazikika pansi kapena kumera pamizu yamitengo, m'malo obisalamo pansi pamiyala, zitsa zowola.
Chisa chopangidwa ndi mpira chimamangidwa kuchokera ku udzu, nthenga, moss, nthenga ndi nthambi. Mkati, Sonya amakhala ndi ubweya kuti azimangirira pogona, ndipo kunja kwake amaphimba ndi masamba.
Mukugwa, ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira kumapeto kwa Seputembara-Okutobala, iwo amakhala mnyumba mwawo kwa miyezi 6-7. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa nthawi imeneyi, Sony idapatsidwa ufulu wotenga nawo gawo paz eyapoti pakati pa oimira nyama.
Kutetemera kumachepetsedwa kokha kumagawo komwe kumatentha. Mafuta ochulukitsidwa amathandizira kupulumuka nyengo yachisanu, kulemera kwa nyama kumachulukanso pafupifupi kawiri. Kuchokera kudalirika kwanyumba zimatengera momwe chimbudzi chamagulu adzapulumuka mpaka kuphukira. Tsoka ilo, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nyamazo amafa chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa chisa.
Achinyamata a ana omwewo nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira amakhala limodzi, akukwera chisa chimodzi. Amagona ndi miyendo yawo kukakamira thupi ndikudziphimba ndi mchira wawo. Nyumba zoterezi ndizokongola kwambiri kwa adani a Sonya, omwe ndi nkhandwe, martens, agalu. Ndizosangalatsa ngati nyama yolusa yomwe ili ndi mbewe: kadzidzi, kadzidzi, akambuku.
Chapakatikati, moyo wa nyama umabwereranso ku njira yogwira ntchito. Amasiya zolaula. Nthawi yofulumira imayamba. Pokopa abwenzi pali Zosangalatsa.
Munda wapanja itanani awiri akuimba mluzu mu positi. Manjawo amakankhidwira pachifuwa ndipo, achisanu, mverani. Ngati chikwangwani chalandiridwa, timayankhula momveka.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Nthawi yoswana kwa dormouse wam'munda imayamba mu Meyi ndipo imatha mpaka kumapeto kwa June. Awiri amapanga ndikugwirizana pokhapokha ngati ana akuwonekera. Mimba imatenga masiku 25-30, ndiye kuyambira ana atatu mpaka 7 amawonekera.
Makanda oyamwa, akhungu, ogontha amadya kaye mkaka wa amayi. Wamkazi amasamalira ana. Pakakhala vuto, amasamutsa ana ndi otetezedwa kumalo otetezeka. Patsiku la 21 la moyo, maso amatseguka, ndiye kuti amalimba mwachangu.
Ana amwezi mwezi amayamba kusintha kukhala zodzithandiza zokha. Ana okalamba amayenda kuseri kwa amayi atsekwe. Zoyamba zimamatira ku chovala cha mayi, ndipo zotsalazo zimamatirana ndi mano kapena mano.
Mlendo weniweni wa kugona. Chithunzi Kuyenda koteroko kumawonetsera chiwonetsero cha chibadwa cha amayi ndi chikondi cha ana aang'ono.
M'chaka, mbewuyi imawonekera kawiri. Achinyamata omwe ali ndi miyezi iwiri amakhala odziimira pawokha. Fecundity yaying'ono poyerekeza ndi makoswe ena imalipidwa ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa zaka mpaka zisanu ndi zinayi.
Mu nthawi zachilengedwe, pamakhala zoopseza zambiri komanso mayesero, koma nyumba zapanja zimawonjezera nthawi yayitali. Amayamba kulemera msanga, kuchepa, komanso ana amabwera munthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Gulani mutu wogona m'munda Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, malo ogulitsa ziweto ndi nazale. Amadziwika kuti mbewa za agologolo kuti azisamalira panyumba. Ziweto zimasinthasintha mwachangu, zimakhala zosasangalatsa ndikugonjetsa eni ake ndi chisangalalo.
Chifukwa chakuchenjeza, ndibwino kulankhulana nawo mutavala magolovu, koma ngati nyamayo idakulitsidwa pakati pa anthu, nyamayo sikuwonetsa kukwiya, imakhala yosawopa m'manja mwake, ndikukulolani kuti mugwire ndi kumenya chovala chake.
Kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, Sonya amafunika khola lalikulu, mita yokwera. Pansi limakutidwa ndi utuchi kapena lansani ndi moss, yoyikidwa mkati mwa mitengo yotumphukira, mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ikuluikulu yomwe m'maenje, nthambi zosiyanasiyana.
Sonya asankha nook pomanga nyumba yogona. Mutha kusunga nyama zingapo pamodzi, zimakhalapo mwamtendere, ngakhale zogonera pambali pa mbiya. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwachilengedwe, chidwi chochulukitsa ndi kuweta nyama chikukula.
Malingaliro
- Pezani ndi kuyika mawonekedwe amawu amtsinde kumayendedwe odziyimira pawokha kutsimikizira zomwe zidalembedwa.
Izi ndi nkhani za makoswe. Mutha kuthandiza polojekitiyo mwa kuiwonjezera. |
Chitetezo Pafupi ndi osatetezeka IUCN 3.1 Pafupi kuwopsezedwa: 7618 |
Alonda manambala
Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mapanda a dimba ndikuchepetsa malo - kudula mitengo, kuyeretsa kwa mitengo yopanda pake. Chofunikira ndikulimbana ndi makoswe, pansi pa mphero zomwe zimagwera osati zolengedwa zazikulu, komanso mitundu yovuta.
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Amalembedwa mu Red Book, IUCN database ndi Appendix III ya Berne Convention.
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Kuphatikiza apo, njira zapadera zoteteza ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu sizitengedwa.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Garden Dormouse
Sonia dimba amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa oyimira akale kwambiri amitundu mitundu ya makoswe. Aristotle adatchula izi m'mabuku ake. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki chakale, dzina lake limatanthawuza "nyama yokongola, yokongola, yokongola".
Ofufuzawo akuti makolo akale akale a nyama zokongola izi zidabadwa zaka zopitilira 6,000,000 zapitazo pa nthawi ya Eocene. Woyambitsa makoswewa anali mtundu wa Gliravus. Oimira izi adakhalapo padziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 20,000,000. Pambuyo pake, adakhala ndi banja lanyumba yama dondo. Awa ndi oyimilira oyamba kwambiri a banja la Sony.
Kanema: Dimba Lapanja
Malinga ndi zowerengera zoyambirira, makolo akale a dormouse wam'munda ankakhala kudera lakummawa kwa Europe ndi Africa. Asayansi a akatswiri a zanyama akuti heyday komanso kufalitsa kwakukulu kwambiri kwamtundu wa Sonia kumagwera pa nthawi ya Miocene. Inali panthawiyi kuti mtundu wa Soniaceae unagawika m'mabungwe oposa khumi ndi awiri. Pakadali pano pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha ya nyama zomwe zidalipo kale. Nyama zili m'gulu la zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, makonzedwe a makoswe. Ndi nthumwi za banja la dormouse, mtundu wa dormouse wam'munda.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Chinyama cha dormouse
Mawonekedwe awo amafanana kwambiri ndi mbewa za imvi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 14.5-15.5. Kulemera kwa thupi 55-150 magalamu. Nyama zimakhala ndi mchira wautali kwambiri, wowonda. Kutalika kwake kuli kofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi ndipo ndi mainchesi 11-13. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, wogawanika moyang'anana padziko lonse lapansi. Mapeto ake, ubweya umasonkhanitsidwa bulashi yaying'ono, yosalala. Mchira nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi utoto utatu. Pansi pake, ndi yoyera, yoyera ya pinki. Mbali zonse ziwiri, imvi, ndi zofiirira kumunsi.
Miyendo imakhala ndi kutalika kofanana. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo. Zala zinayi kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Chala chachitatu ndi chachinayi chikuwonekera pazenera - ndizachitali. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo, chala chachinayi ndichitali kuposa zina. Mapazi ndi opapatiza, otalika. Tizilombo tazungulirazungulira. Garden Dormouse ili ndi makutu akulu owazungulira ndi maso akulu akuda. Wina, wamtunda utaliitali.
Chovala ndichachifupi, chambiri komanso chofewa. Mitundu imatha kusiyanasiyana malingana ndi nyengo yomwe ikukhala. Kwenikweni, amasiyana tsitsi la imvi kapena la bulauni. Dera lam'mimba, khosi, chifuwa ndi miyendo imakutidwa ndi mthunzi wopepuka wa ubweya, pafupifupi yoyera. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi dormouse wamtambo ndi chingwe chakuda chomwe chimayambira m'dera lamaso kupita kumbuyo kwa khutu. Ana audzu ang'onoang'ono ali ndi mitundu yowala, yosalala. Ndi zaka, mithunzi ya ubweya imazirala.
Kodi mchipinda chamaluwa chimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Garden Dormouse Red Book
Chipinda cham'munda chambiri chimakhala m'nkhalango, makamaka m'malo otetezeka, kapena mapiri pang'ono. Titha kukhazikika m'minda yomwe yatsala.
Pomwe malo okhalamo dimba:
- Madera akumpoto kwa Africa,
- dera la kum'mawa kwa Europe,
- Altai
- pafupifupi zigawo zonse za Belarus,
- pang'ono gawo la Russia - Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov madera, gawo la m'munsi a Urals, Lower Prikamye,
- madera ena a Asia Minor
- China,
- Japan.
Dimba lodyeramo maluwa limakonda gawo la nkhalango, komwe mitengo yotambalala imakhala. Zochepa pakati pa nkhalango ndi conifers. Nthawi zambiri, madera osiyidwa kapena malo olimapo amasankhidwa ngati malo okhala. Kondani malo omwe ali ndi zitsamba zazitali, zazitali. Nthawi zambiri, minda yazipatso, malo okhala m'matauni amasankhidwa ngati malo.
Samawopa anthu, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala. Palinso milandu ya kugona kwantchito. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi achinyamata okha omwe amatha kusinthidwa ndi munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndodo zazing'ono izi sizimakonda kwenikweni munthu wina akazikhudza.
Kodi mchipinda cham'munda chodyeramo amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Rodent Garden Dormouse
Munda wapa dimba amaonedwa ngati wopatsa chidwi. Chimadyanso pa zakudya zam'madzi komanso zanyama. Akatswiri a zanyama akuti gawo lalikulu la chakudya ndilofanana ndi chakudya chamtunduwu.
Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za nyama:
- mazira mbalame
- anapiye omwe agwera pachisa,
- Mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana,
- dzombe,
- mbozi
- zipatso,
- zipatso
- njenjete
- kafadala, akangaude, mphutsi, mphutsi,
- Nkhono
- masamba,
- chipatso,
- mbewu
- mizu
- mphukira zazing'ono zamitundu mitundu.
Pokhudzana ndi hibernation, anthu ambiri amadya kwambiri chilimwe chonse, ndipo kwa ena amakhalanso ndi zambiri. Minda yam'minda yotsekemera m'munda, monga dormouse wa hazel, imawonongeka kumayambiriro kwamasika. Kapangidwe ka nthambi za m'mundawo kumalimbikitsa chakudya padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, amaonedwa kuti ndi alenje aluso. Amatha kugwira mbalame yaying'ono, kapena gulugufe. Wokhoza kukwera mitengo posaka zisa za mbalame.
Amamwa mazira a mbalame popanga mabowo mumazira ndi mano ake. Momwemonso, nkhono zimadyedwa ndikuluma kudzera zigamba. Munthawi ya njala ndi kusowa kwa chakudya, milandu ya kusaka ngakhale mbewa za imvi imadziwika. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti ngakhale ndi chakudya chambiri, mbewu ndi zipatso, amafunikira kudya zakudya zachikhalidwe. Ngati makoswe samadya nyama kwa masiku 5-7, amayamba kugwera.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Garden Dormouse
Kugona m'munda kumatsogolera moyo wachisangalalo. Nyama zimasaka ndikudya, nazonso, usiku. Komabe, nthawi yaukwati, yomwe imagwera nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yachilimwe, amathanso kukhala otakataka masana. Zovala zonunkhira zimawonedwa ngati nyama zokhazokha. Awiri-osakhalitsa-awiri amapangika nthawi yakukhwima. Komabe, ndi aafupi kwambiri.
Monga nyumba, komanso dormouse, amatha kusankha mabowo opanda mbewa, agologolo osagoneka, zisa za mbalame, mitengo yozungulira. Nthawi zambiri khalani pansi pamadenga kapena ming'alu ya nyumba zogona. Nyumbayo ili ndi mawonekedwe. Mwa makonzedwe ake, m dormouse amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana. Nthambi, udzu, mbewa, tsitsi la nyama kapena nthenga za mbalame ndizoyenera izi.
M'chilimwe chonse, nyama zimadya kwambiri, kuwonjezera mafuta minofu, komanso zimapangira nyumba zawo. Kupulumuka kwa nyamayi panthawi yomwe hibernation imadalira momwe khosolo limakhalira lodalirika komanso lodzipatula. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu la anthu amafa chifukwa cha kuzizira kwambiri, ngati pogona siikwanira mokwanira. Achinyamata ochokera ku zinyalala zomwezo nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake nchosavuta kwa iwo kuti azitha kukhala m'malo amodzi, kutenthetsana. Anthu ogona m'munda amagona, kupindika, kukoka miyendo, ndikubisa mchira wawo.
Pakati pa yophukira, amagwera hibernation, yomwe imatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pa hibernation, nyama zimachepetsa njira zonse za metabolic, kupuma, komanso zimachitika. Pa hibernation, m'munda wamaluwa umatsika pafupifupi theka la kulemera kwake.
Amadziwika kuti ndiwosaka bwino kwambiri. Kutengera zomwe zimachitika mwachangu komanso kuthamanga. Sony imatha kupanga mawu okumbukiza kulira kwa tizilombo. Banja lomwe lidayenda ndikufanana ndi chingwe chaching'ono. Amayenda motsatizana.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wam'munda wamaluwa
Pambuyo povomerezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi yaukwati imayamba. Popeza takhala tikulankhula, nkofala kuti nyama zizindikire malo omwe akukhalako. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mkatikati mwa Epulo ndipo imatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Julayi. Zachikazi zimakonda kukopa amuna pogwiritsa ntchito mawu apadera ofanana ndi whist.
Amunawo, poyankha mawu akokoma kwambiri, okoma mtima, amatulutsa china chilichonse chokhala ngati chipokoso chosamveka. Amuna ambiri akamanamizira wamkazi nthawi imodzi, amathamangitsa wina ndi mnzake, nthawi zina amatha kuluma. Kwa nthawi yayitali kugona m'minda kumatha kupanga banja. Akakhwima, anyaniwa amathamangitsa amuna kapena kusiya okha mnyumbayo.
Mimba imatenga pafupifupi milungu itatu. Pomwe kubadwa kumayandikira, mkaziyo amayamba kufunafuna malo obadwira mwana. Kuchokera pazazilingaliro izi, amapanga chinyezi, nthawi zambiri zingapo nthawi imodzi. Wamkazi mmodzi amabala nthawi imodzi kuchokera pa ana atatu mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi. Ana obadwa ali opanda thandizo. Ana ake ndi akhungu, ogontha ndipo alibe chovala.
Onse osamalira ana amagona ndi amayi. Amawasamalira, amawadyetsa mkaka. Ngati akuwopsezedwa ndi ana, amawasamutsira kumalo osungirako odalirika kuti khosalo lakhosalo.
Pakupita milungu itatu chibadwire, ana ake amatsegula maso awo. Pambuyo pake, amakula mwachangu ndikukula thupi. Patatha mwezi umodzi, kuyambira nthawi yobadwa, kukula kwachinyamata kumayamba kupeza chakudya ndikusaka. Ana okulirapo amapita koyenda ndikuyenda limodzi mwa amayi. Ana oyamba kumamatira ku tsitsi la amayi ndi mano. Pambuyo pake zimamatira paws kapena mano wina ndi mnzake.
Pazaka zambiri, mkazi wokhwima amatulutsa ana kawiri. Akafika pamiyezi iwiri, amakhala ndi moyo wosiyana. Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe munthu amakhala munthawi yachilengedwe ndi zaka 4.5-6.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Panja tulo tofa nanu
Posachedwa, anthu okhala m'munda wamaluwa watha kwambiri. M'madera ena, mtunduwu udatha. Nyama zidalembedwa mu Red Book lapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuyika mitundu ya "mitundu yomwe ili pangozi". Kuukira kwa makoswe am imvi, komanso mbalame zodya nyama, nkhalango ndi zimbudzi zapakhomo zimabweretsa kutsika. Choyambitsa chachikulu chakupulula chimatengedwa ngati zochita za anthu. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuyeretsa mitengo yomwe ili ndi mitengo.
Poyerekeza ndi mtundu woyambirira, malo awo adachepetsedwa ndi theka. Munthu amaziwononga zochuluka chifukwa zimawopseza kwambiri, ngati onyamula matenda opatsirana. Chifukwa china chowononga anthu ndi kuvulaza komwe amabweretsa chifukwa cha ulimi.
Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ambiri amafa chifukwa cha kuzizira kwambiri panthawi yobisika. Makamaka owopsa makoswe amtundu wa fluffy ndi kadzidzi, omwe amatsogolera moyo womwewo wausiku. Amapita kukasaka m'dima, pomwe nyumba ya dimba imagwirapo ntchito kwambiri. Mpaka pano, anthu ambiri ali kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe. Makamaka, Germany, Czech Republic, France. Zodzikongoletsera ndizofala ku Belarus.
Kutchingira Dimba Lamasamba
Chithunzi: Pogona tulo kuchokera ku Bukhu Lofiira
Kutetezedwa kwa mitunduyi kumatanthauza kutetezedwa kwa dormouse mundawo ku zochita za anthu. Nyamayi idalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse. Pankhaniyi, chiwonongeko cha nyama pa chifukwa chilichonse chimaletsedwa mwamphamvu.
Kuphatikiza apo, palibe njira zapadera zosungira ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwonetsero zomwe zimapangidwa ndikuchitidwa.
Munda wapanja kunja kwambiri ofanana ndi mbewa imvi, zomwe zidasintha mtundu wa chovalacho. Nthawi zambiri chimayerekezeredwa ndi gologolo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo komanso kuthamangathamanga kudumphira nthambi ndi kukwera mitengo.
Pazipinda zosanja
Chipinda cham'munda chambiri chimakhala nthawi zambiri mu nkhalango zowuma za mapiri ataliatali, koma zimapezekanso m'nkhalango zowonongera kumpoto. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda kukhazikika m'minda, pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo dzinalo lidawonekera - dimba.Sony imadzaza kwambiri Asia Minor, North Africa, Altai, China, Japan.
Zambiri mwa nyamazi zimagona masana, ndipo pafupi kutuluka dzuwa zimatuluka ndikutuluka. M'nyengo yozizira, iwo amabisala, ndi nthawi iyi kuti kagayidwe kake kamachepa, kutentha kwa thupi lawo kumatsika. Ambiri aiwo samasungira nyengo yozizira, koma amakhala ndi moyo wambiri ndi mafuta omwe, pomwe ena amalimbikitsidwa ndi nkhokwe zawo pomawonda. Nyama izi zimakonda kukhala ziweto, koma ngati mungagwire nthito, ndi wachichepere wokhayo amene amachepetsa. Chofunika kudziwa ndikuti sony sindimakonda kukhudzidwa, koma kuwotcherera, mwina makoswewo amakhala mwamtendere m manja mwake.
Zosangalatsa zanyumba yam'munda
Kuti akope mnzake, wamkazi amadzilengeza kuti ndi mzungu wamtundu umodzi kapena mawu angapo apamwamba. Atapereka chikwangwani, wogona m'mundayo amatenga malo mu "mzati", ndikakanikiza miyendo yakutsogolo pachifuwa chake, chikuwunda ndi kumvetsera. Mwana wamwamuna amene amva kuyitanidwa kwa "mzimayi" wokonda kugonana amayankha modandaula.
Poyenda, banja la agalu ogona limasunthidwa ndi gulu losawoneka bwino, logwirizana - kakhara, komwe ana amakakamira ndi mano kapena mawondo awo mpaka ubweya wa wachibale wakutsogolo.
M'chipinda chosanja alendo okongola ndi okalamba amatha kukhala pafupi ndi inu, koma simudzamuwona.
Pakutha kugwiritsa ntchito chaka chonse hibernation, ndi Sony amene atenga nawo mbali poyesa asayansi aku Russia pamlengalenga.
Sony imapanga phokoso loseketsa, nthawi zina lofanana ndi mawu a tizilombo.
Momwe mungasungire Sonya
Kunyumba, makoko oterowo amayenera kusungidwa kokha mu chitsulo chachitsulo ndi thireyi yamphamvu yachitsulo. Izi ndizosautsa kuposa kusunga nyumba za makoswe ena, odziwika kwambiri.
Zofunikira za khola zimayendetsedwa patsogolo kwambiri, chifukwa Sonya adzakumana ndi mitengo mosavuta komanso pulasitiki. Chifukwa chake, khungu limayenera kukhala zitsulo zokha. Itha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa ziweto, yolamulidwa mosamalitsa kukula kwake kapena yopanga nokha. Chingwe chikapangidwa, makoko amatha kusungidwa nthawi zonse, chachikulu ndichakuti chipinda choterocho chimakhala ndi mpweya wabwino.
Khola lanyamayi liyenera kukhala ndi chodyetsa ndi chakumwa cha nipple. Zinthu zomwe amapangira ziyenera kukhala zitsulo zomwezo. Nthawi zonse pazikhala chakudya mu ufa, ndipo madzi ali modyamo. Mukadzuka amadya ndi kumwa kwambiri.
Sawdust kapena nkhuni za granular zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinyalala mumkhola. Iyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kuti isanyowe. Mukakhala chingwe muyenera kukonzekeretsa pabwino kumene kugona tulo kumatha kubisala. Pogona pokhapokha pomwe amatha kugona.
Pogona pompopompo, nyumba yamatabwa kapena nyumba yopangidwa ndi inu nokha kuchokera pabokosi lamatoni ndiyabwino. Pobisalira lidzakhalapo kwakanthawi, monga pentolo adzaiwononga mwachangu. Koma ndi bokosi la makatoni, monga nyumba, mutha kuyesa, ndipo nthawi iliyonse muchita zonse bwino komanso mokongola.
Mu khola la makoswe, muyenera kupanga zinthu zonse, monga chilengedwe. Amayenera kukhala ndi makwerero, alumali, mtengo womwe angathamangepo. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizike kuti thanzi labwino. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyamayo siyilamulira chilimbikitso chake, ndipo metabolism yapadera imathandizira kuti mafuta azisungidwa. Amangofunika kusunthira zina.
Popeza makoswe amakhala oyera kwambiri, "nyumba" yawo iyenera kukhala yoyera nthawi zonse. Sambitsani pafupipafupi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zowadyetsa, masiku onse atatu aliwonse muyenera kusintha zinyalala mu khola. Zokongoletsera zimapereka chidwi kwambiri ndi ubweya wawo wofewa komanso wosalala - amazitsuka kangapo patsiku. Pomwe pali khola, sipayenera kukonzedwa. Payenera kukhala ndi dzuwa lokwanira, ndi kutalika kwa malo ake - pamlingo wamaso aanthu.
Zowopsa
Pazaka 30 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa malo ogulitsa kum'mawa kwa Europe kwatsika kwambiri ndipo tsopano akukhalamo ochepera 50% omwe anali kale. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti izi zithere sizimamveka bwino, koma amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha ndi kuwononga malo. Mwamwayi, kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Western Europe kumawoneka kokhazikika. Komabe, akuti mpikisano wokhala ndi makoswe amtundu (Rattus norvegicus) umawopseza kugona m'munda m'malo ena, monga Corsica. Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo ena, makoko awa amawonedwa ngati tizirombo.