Chifaniziro cha chiwombankhanga chakongoletsera zovala za ku USA. Komabe, m'dziko lathuli mosakaikira mbalame yokongola komanso yopambana - chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller. Choyamba, imakhala yayikulupo kuposa wachibale wake wakunja, ndipo chachiwiri, mu kuchuluka kwa chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller, chofiirira chakuda ndi choyera ndichophatikizika bwino.
Komwe kumakhala
Chiwombankhanga cham'madzi cha Steller ndichilembo cha kum'mawa kwa Far, chimagawidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Bering ndi Okhotsk, kumapiri a Amur, Kamchatka, kumpoto kwa Sakhalin, Shantar ndi Kuril Islands. Kuchuluka kwa nyama yolusa imeneyi sikokhazikika. Mbalame zina zimangokhala phee, ndipo zina zimayendayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja kulowera chakum'mwera. Posunga nthawi yozizira, mtunduwu umapezeka ku Kamchatka, Sakhalin, ku Khabarovsk Territory, Primorye, North Korea ndi Japan (pachilumba cha Hokkaido).
Zikuwoneka bwanji
Chiwombankhanga cham'madzi cha Steller ndi m'modzi mwa oimira kwambiri pamtundu wake. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ena kumatha kufika 9 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 112 ndipo mapiko ake ndi masentimita 68. Mtundu waukulu wa mankhwalawo ndi wakuda. Pamphumi pokhapo, kumtunda kwa mapikowo, komwe kumatuluka ndi nthenga za mchira kumapiko kumakhala koyera. Inde, ndizovuta kusokoneza ndi mbalame zina! Mtengo wowala wachikasu wa chiwombankhanga cha m'madzi cha Steller ndi chachikulu kwambiri. Kupatula apo, limodzi ndi zibwano zake, ndiye chida chachikulu kusaka. Chovala chotere cha mbalame chotere chimapezeka pofika zaka zitatu. Zambiri mwa mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zowoneka bwino komanso zofanana.
Moyo
Chiwombankhanga cham'madzi cha Steller chimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chokhala ndi nkhalango zambiri, mitsinje yotsika ndi mitsinje yamadziwe omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nyanja. Zofunikira pa malo ake okhala ndi kukhalapo kwa dziwe lolemera nsomba ndi mitengo yayitali yomwe mbalame zimamanga zisa zawo.
Chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller chikuuluka
Ziwombankhanga zam'madzi za Steller zimamanga zisa zawo zazikulu pamtunda wa mamita 7 mpaka 20 kuchokera pansi. Danga la chisa limakhala pafupifupi 1.5 m, ndipo kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi mita 1. Chimango cha chisa chimakhala ndi nthambi zikuluzikulu zowuma (nthawi zambiri zimakhala larch), ndipo thireyi limakhala ndi masamba ndi thunthu la zitsamba za chaka chatha. Pafupifupi, chisa chimodzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndi zaka 15. Chaka chilichonse, mbalame zimasinthira zisa zawo ndi kuzimaliza ngati pakufunika. Zimachitika kuti gulu limodzi limakhala ndi zisa zingapo nthawi imodzi ndipo limazigwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.
Chiwombankhanga cha panyanja cha Steller nthawi zambiri chimagwira nyama, ikuuluka pamwamba pa madzi kapena kuitsata, ikakhala pathanthwe kapena pathanthwe. Kusaka kumayamba ndikuwuluka: mbalame yokhala pamwamba pa dziwe imalongosola mabwalo okhala ndi mulifupi wa 500-800 mamita pamalo okwera mamitala 20 mpaka 40. Atapeza nsomba, chiwombankhanga chimatsikira m'mbali modekha ndikuyesa kugwira nyama yake. Nthawi zina, mbalameyi imagwira nyama poyesera koyamba, koma nthawi zambiri imaponyera angapo mpaka teniyo isanathe kugwira nyama.
M'chilimwe, chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller chimadyera kwambiri ku Far Eastern salmon: nsomba za pinki, nsomba za salmon, nsomba za skeon ndi zina. Zimagwiranso mbalame (guillemots, abakha, gull, akhwangwala, mikanda yam'madzi, hares, muskrats, ma sables, zisindikizo zazing'ono, ndipo sizinyansidwa ndi zovunda. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yozizira ku Primorye, amadya zowononga zam'mafamu a nyama, nyama zopangira nyama, ndi manda a ng'ombe.
Amadziwika kuti ali mu ukapolo mbalamezi zimakhala zaka 44.
Kuswana
Pazaka pafupifupi zinayi, mbalame zimapanga magulu awiriawiri. Onse ali mu ukapolo komanso kuthengo, ziwombankhanga zam'madzi za Steller zimapanga awiriawiri moyo wonse. Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthawi yophukira, pomwe kusankha kwa mnzake kwachitika kale, mbalame zimamanga chisa chawo, pomwe, sizimaswana pambuyo pake. Uku ndi mtundu wa mayeso a nthenga, chifukwa adzayamba kubereka ana osachepera zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Mu clutch mumakhala mazira amodzi mpaka atatu, omwe amadzimbidwa ndi aakazi pafupifupi masiku 36. Makolo amadyetsa anapiye awiri kawiri pa tsiku. Chisa, chomwe chimasiyidwa posachedwa ndi mbalame za chiwombankhanga zam'madzi za Steller zitha kuwoneka kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Kuchulukana
Pafupifupi ma 500 agulu awiri ku Kamchatka, awiriawiri 400 ku Chigawo cha Lower Amur, ndi awiriawiri ku Sakhalin.
Chidani chachikulu chokongola chonchi nthawi ya chisanu ku Kamchatka chimafa chifukwa chotopa, ku North Sakhalin brown zimbalangondo zimawononga zisa zake. Kuphatikiza apo, zomangamanga zimaphedwa chifukwa chakunenedweratu kwa akhwangwala akuda ndi mapanga. Pali milandu yodziwika yokhudza kupha nsomba pamene mbalame zazikulu zimawomberedwa chifukwa chopanga nyama yokutidwa, ndipo anapiye amachotsedwa mu zisa zawo kuti atengedwe. Ku Japan, mbalame zimasautsidwa ndi poizoni.
Ndizosangalatsa
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti koyamba kwa zaka zambiri zamtunduwu zamtunduwu zidabwera ku Europe ndi a Natural Stchler, a George Steller. Ichi ndichifukwa chake dzina la Chingerezi la mbalame ya m'madzi a Steller limatanthauzira kuti "chiwombankhanga cha Steller." Adatinso mtundu wamtundu wa chiwombankhanga. Zowonadi, ndi diso lamaliseche zimatha kuwoneka kuti mtundu wa chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi utoto wa maula a nyongolotsi.
Gulu
Ufumu: nyama (Animalia).
Lembani: chordates (Chordata).
Giredi: mbalame (Aves).
Gulu: Falconiformes (Falconiformes).
Banja: hawk (Accipitridae).
Jenda: chiwombankhanga (Haliaeetus).
Onani: Chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller (Haliaeetus pelagicus).
Jiografia yokhala
Chiwombankhanga cha panyanja cha Steller chimakhala ku Penchula ya Kamchatka komanso gombe la Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Mbalamezi ndizofala kum'mwera kwa Koryak Highlands, m'chigwa cha Penzhina. Komanso, mbalamezi zimatha kupezeka m'munsi mwa Amur, kumpoto kwa Sakhalin, kuzilumba za Kuril ndi ku Korea. Chiwombankhanga cha panyanja cha Steller nthawi zambiri chimawulukira ku North America, Japan ndi North Korea. Komabe, kunja kwa gawo la Russia, nyama zodya Pacific zimatha kupezeka nthawi yachisanu yokha.
Mbalame zokhazokha zokhazokha pa gawo la Russian Federation, kusunthika kwakanthawi kumachitika palokha komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kawiri pachaka - kuyambira March mpaka Meyi komanso kumapeto kwa Okutobala. M'nyengo yachisanu-yozizira, mphungu zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo zimawulukira kwambiri.
Chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller chikuwuluka mlengalenga. Chiwombankhanga cha panyanja cha Steller chimadziphimba.
Mawonekedwe
Ziwombankhanga zazikulu kwambiri zimatha kutalika kwa masentimita 115, ndipo kutalika kwa mapikowo kumasiyanasiyana masentimita 57-69, mapiko ndioposa masentimita 250. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumadalira jenda, motero kulemera kwamphongo kumakhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 7,7,5, ndipo mwa akazi 8 -9, ena mwa "asungwana" anali ndi kulemera koposa 12 kg.
Mitundu yamitundu yambiri ya anthu akuluakulu imaphatikiza bulauni ndi yoyera, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mbalame zokhala ndi mitundu yayitali yakuda. Poyerekeza ndi nthenga zakuthwa zakuda, mapiko oyera pamapiko, malo oyera mchira amawoneka ngati malo owala, mphumi za mbalame ndi maula a tibia adazijambula utoto womwewo (mbalameyo imakhala ngati "mathala oyera"). Chovala ichi chikuwoneka mwa mbalame za zaka 4-5.
Ziwombankhanga zazing'ono za Pacific zimapaka utoto wonyezimira wopanda kuwala.
Matako ndi mulomo wa mbalameyo zimawoneka ngati malo owala poyang'ana mbali yakumaso - ndizachikaso chowoneka bwino, nthawi zina ngakhale lalanje lowoneka bwino, zikhadabo zakuda komanso zamphamvu zimawoneka bwino kumapeto kwa matako, ndizovala zapadera zogwirira nyama.
Kuonera zolaula pambiri sizikupezeka ndipo kumangowonetsedwa mu unyinji wa mbalameyo. Kukhetsa ziwombankhanga kumayambira pakati pa Meyi ndipo kumapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Nthenga zazing'ono zimasinthidwa nthawi imodzi ndi zazikulu.
Mlomo wa Chiwombankhanga cha Nyanja ya Steller. Chithunzi cha chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller. Steller chiwombankhanga cha mlengalenga. Chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller. Chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller.
Zopatsa Thanzi ndi Khalidwe
Kwa malo okhalamo, mbalame imasankha madera otsika a mitsinje ndi nkhalango komanso miyala yam'nyanja, imatha kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa nyanja zazikulu, kuzilumba ndi miyala m'mipata. Mbalamezi sizili za adani, koma zimangogwira masana.
Ziwombankhanga za ku Pacific sikuti ndizolusa chabe, koma zokongola kwambiri - zimangodya nyama yokha. Nsomba zazikulu komanso zazing'onoting'ono zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri m'zakudya, zimakonda kwambiri nsomba zam'madzi, ndipo mbalame sizimanyoza zilombo - mavuvu, nkhandwe za arctic, zisindikizo zazing'ono. Abale ena okhala ndi tsitsi amatha kukhala chiwombankhanga, nthawi zambiri amakhala capercaillie, madera ogulitsa, abakha ndi akhungu amakumana ndi mdani. Nthawi zina mbalame zimadyanso ma invertebrates a m'madzi - nkhanu ndi ma bollus. Carrion ndi osowa kwambiri pakudya kwa mbalame.
Mbalame izi zimasaka ngati aristocrats enieni. Poyamba, amawuluka modabwitsa panyanja, akudzifunira nyama yawo, ikapezeka, mbalameyo imatsika pansi mwachangu, imagwira madzi ndikuthawa. Mbalame imatha kugwira nsomba yolemera makilogalamu 4 ndi zibwano zake. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, chiwombankhanga sichitha kulowa pansi, mmalo mwake, chimatsika ndi parabola, mapulani, kuwuluka mumlengalenga, kugwa kwake kungafanizidwe ndi kuthawa kwa tsamba lakugwa. Mphungu imadya nyama yake popanda kuthamangitsa, imasweka ndi mulomo wolimba, ndipo zipsepse ndi mafupa.
Mphepo yamkuntho yam'madzi ya Steller. Chiwombankhanga cha nyanja cha Steller chokhala ndi nyama. Chiwombankhanga cha panyanja cha Steller chimasaka nsomba. Chiwombankhanga cha panyanja cha Steller "chimatenga" nsomba zomwe zidaponyedwa kwa iye, Vladivostok. Chiwombankhanga cha panyanja cha Steller chinagwira nsomba.
Zambiri zazikulu sizimalola kuti mbalameyo ikhale mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali, monga lamulo, nthawi yothawa sichidutsa mphindi 30 patsiku. Gawoli limapangitsa malo omwe mbalameyo imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti izitha kupeza chakudya mwachangu.
Ziwombankhanga zam'nyanja za Steller zilinso ndi adani achilengedwe - awa ndi akhwangwala, amangumi ndi zimbalangondo.