Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Bony nsomba |
Zolembetsa: | Chiyopro |
Zabwino Kwambiri: | Carp-ngati |
Onani: | Msodzi |
Msodzi, kapena chinyontho (lat. Vimba vimba), ndi mtundu wa nsomba zokhomedwa ndi ray zochokera ku banja la carp.
Monga gawo la mitunduyi, magulu amtunduwu amadziwika ndi malo:
Imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 60 ndi kulemera kwa 3 makilogalamu, msinkhu wopambana ndi zaka 17.
Nyama ya nsomba ndiyoyera ndi chokoma, yogulitsidwa yowuma ndi yosuta.
Nsomba zamtengo wapatali zamalonda. Usodzi umachitika nthawi yotchera mu Meyi-Juni. Asodzi a Nyanja Yakuda amagwidwa pachifuwa cha Don River, Mtsinje wa Kuban komanso Nyanja ya Azov.
Akugwira nawo ntchito yopanga nsomba m'mahatchi.
Habitat
Mukusodza ndimabuku a ichthyological, yaiwisi ili ndi dzina lachiwiri - "asodzi". M'mayiko a Baltic, momwe usodzi umakonda kwambiri, amatchedwa "wimba". Msodziyo amapezeka m'malo osungira kumadzulo ndi kumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Russia. Kumpoto ndi Siberia, zosaphika sizipezeka.
Chiwoko chachikulu kwambiri chimapezeka m'madzi:
Ku Russia, nsomba zakumpoto zamtunduwu ndizochepa ku Mtsinje wa Svir, womwe umapezeka m'chigawo cha Leningrad. Kugwidwa kwanyanjaku sikupezekanso ku Lake Onega. Nsomba zokongola za banja la cyprinid zimagwidwa bwino:
- kum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Ladoga,
- ku Narva
- in Volkhov,
- kumtunda kwa Gulf of Finland.
Wimba unyinji umakhala m'mitsinje kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe ndi madera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa Russia. Kwa asodzi omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa Dniester ndi Bug, yaiwisi ndi chinthu wamba chodziwika. M'mitsinje iyi, msodzi amafika usodzi wosasaka kapena wowotcha. Ndikothekanso kugwira nsomba zamtunduwu kumapeto a Dnieper, komabe, pakati ndi kumtunda kwa mtsinjewu, kuwedza kumangochitika mwachilengedwe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakwe kwa ma rap omwe amatseka njira ya nsomba.
Nthawi zina, asodzi omwe amasodza ku Don amatha kugwira nsomba zaiwisi. Mu mtsinje wa Kuban, pazaka 15 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa asodzi kwawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe mwina zikuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilengedwe kwa madera ozungulira. Chiwerengero chochepa cha nsomba chimapezeka munyanja zikuluzikulu zakumpoto, pomwe mitsinje monga Narva ndi Volkhov imalowa.
Vimba amasankha mtsinje wokhala ndi madzi oyera komanso ozizira osakhazikika, ndichifukwa chake samapezeka kwambiri kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa Russia. Nsombayi imamva bwino m'madzi amchere a m'nyanja ya Baltic. Mu Neman ndi Western Dvina, pali mtundu wapadera wa zinthu zosaphika zomwe sizimayenda nthawi yayitali ndipo umangokhala mumtsinje, osapita m'madzi oyimilira oyandikana ndi madzi.
Kuti azikhalapo kwina, mbalamezi zimasankha magawo amtsinje wokhala ndi mwala pansi, momwe kuya kwake kuli mita 2 - 2. Pakati pa miyala, nsomba ikuyang'ana chakudya chokhazikika:
- kakulidwe kakang'ono,
- osoweka
- mphutsi zazomera.
M'chilimwe, msodzi amatha kusinthana ndi chakudya chamadera otayirira. Nthawi yamadzi, wimba amabwera pafupi ndi gombe kapena kubisala m'makola ang'onoang'ono, pomwe madzi amayeretsedwa.
Pachala
Vimba vimba (Pall.)
Raw, mwinanso asodzi, ndiofunikira kwambiri kwa nzika zakumadzulo, kumwera chakumadzulo komanso pang'ono kumwera kwa Russia, koma kumpoto, komanso m'mbali mwa mtsinje. Samakumana ndi Volga, ndipo Pallas mwina adasakaniza ndi roach (cm. Roach). Mwa ofufuza a Volga otsatira, palibe amene amatchulapo za nsomba, ngakhale kuti kuyambuka sikungakanidwe. kupita ku Volga kudzera mu ngalande. Sanabwere ku Siberia, ngakhale Valenciennes akuti adapeza nsomba iyi kuchokera ku Ob. Mwina adasakaniza ndi tchizi.
Chith. 133. Raw, asodzi.
Chith. 134. Mano a pharyngeal ndi aiwisi.
Mwambiri, kwawo kwa nsomba ndi Central Europe. Sali konse ku France ndipo, zikuwoneka kuti, ku Spain ndi Italy, koma ndi wamba ku Germany ndi Austria, ngakhale ku England ndi Sweden. Ku Russia, zopangira zimafika kumpoto chakumpoto kumene kumachokera Svir ndipo sikumapezekanso ku Lake Onega, kumtunda kwa Gulf of Finland, kumwera kwa Nyanja ya Ladoga, komanso ku Neva, Narova komanso makamaka ku Volkhov, ndi ya nsomba wamba ndipo imachokera kuno ku Meta, ndipo mwina ku Volga yapamwamba. Ku Lake Ladoga, komabe, imafika ku Kexholm, ndipo ku Gulf of bothnia, Biorneborg ndi gawo logawika kwambiri la magawidwe ake. M'maboma a Ostseey, kumpoto chakumadzulo, Russia ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Russia, kuchuluka kwa zopangira kuli kale zochulukirapo, makamaka ku Dniester ndi Bug, ku Dnieper kumadutsa kocheperako nthawi zambiri ndipo kumakhala kuli mitengo yaying'ono pamtunda, ngakhale ikufika ku smolensk. Ngakhale kawirikawiri, msodzi amafika kwa Don, koma, ngakhale izi, amagwidwa kwambiri ku Kuban. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zosaphika zimapezeka m'madzi ena akuluakulu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia, mwachitsanzo. munyanja Ilmen, makamaka kumpoto kwake, komwe imabwera pang'ono kuchokera ku Volkhov.
Mu mphuno zake zazitali, zotchuka, zomwe zimaphimba pakamwa, zosaphika zimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi nsomba zina zonse, ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza ndi phula, lomwe limaperekanso kufanana kwina ndi izo. Koma phula limakhala locheperako kuposa nsombazo, limakhala ndi utoto wosiyana ndi ulusi wopyapyala (wokhala ndi timiyala 15, 21-25 pazinthu zopangira), Komanso, pakamwa pa podust, pomwe utatseguka, sunakhale wozungulira, koma mawonekedwe a quadrangular, peritoneum ndi yakuda komanso yayikulu kukula. Mtundu wa zopangira zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri panthawi ya nyengo. Kutentha, asanaponyere caviar, ndimodzi mwa nsomba zathu zokongola kwambiri: msana wonse ndi wakuda ndi iye, pakati pamimba pake ndi zipsepse zam'munsi zimakhala zofiira, ndipo amuna amatulutsa zazing'ono zooneka ngati tirigu pamutu pawo, zotchingira gill ndi m'mphepete mwa sikelo. warts. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yachisanu, msodzi wa asodziyo ndiwotuwa, m'mimba mwake ndi loyera ndipo siliva m'munsi amapsinjika. Mwachidziwikire, otchedwa. bream-eyed bream (Abramis melanops) (1), yemwe anapezedwa ndi Nordman mu mitsinje ya Crimea (Salgir), samapanga mtundu wapadera, koma amangosintha nsomba wamba. Ili ndi mphuno yofupikirako komanso yodziwika bwino, yopanda thupi, yokhala ndi mutu wakuda komanso kumanzere kwamtambo kumaso kwake, ndipo zipsepsezo, kupatulapo anal komanso pectoral (yoyera), ili ndi mkanda wakuda. Sali wachilendo kuposa phazi lalitali.
Ngakhale yaiwisi ndi yayikulu poyerekeza ndi mitundu iyi yonse yotsalira, sikuti imaposa 7-9 oz. ndi mapaundi awiri, kulemera kwake, komabe, malinga ndi umboni wa asodzi a Pskov, adapeza zosaphika ndi mapaundi 5, koma izi ndi zosowa kale. Nsombayi ndi yokalamba komanso yamoyo: m'mitsinje imakonda kusambira ndi kusamala mwachangu, nthawi zambiri imakonda madzi ozizira komanso oyera, omwe mbali ina amafotokoza kusapezeka kwake mumitsinje ya Volga. Samawopa, komabe, wamadzi osakhalitsa ndipo amakhala mofunitsitsa m'mitsinje ndi m'malo akuluakulu, makamaka m'dzinja. Chakudya cha msodzi chimakhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tambiri, ma crustaceans, nyongolotsi, ma mollusks, pomwe nthawi zambiri zimadya pazomera zam'madzi.
Syrti inatuluka mochedwa - kumwera mu Meyi, komanso m'chigawo chakumpoto chakumadzulo - kumapeto kwa mwezi uno kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Izi zisanachitike, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, amasonkhana pagulu lambiri komanso lambiri ndipo kuchokera kunyanja ndi m'mitsinje nthawi zina amapita kumitsinje, kuti awerengedwa ngati nsomba zosamukira. Nthawi zonse amatulutsa mazira mumphepete, m'malo akuya pansi pamiyala, pamadzi othamanga kwambiri, kutuluka nthawi zambiri kumatha milungu iwiri ndipo, zikuwoneka, kumachitika usiku wokha. Tambala tinsomba tili tating'ono (ndi nthangala za poppy) ndi ochulukirapo: mu theka-mapaundi wamkazi pali mazira mpaka 30,000. Khola la nsomba nthawi zonse limakhala lolumikizidwa ndi miyala yomwe amaponyera, ndipo kudzera mu izi, nthawi zambiri, imakumana ndi ngozi zochepa komanso kugunda kwa nsomba zina, komanso mbalame zam'madzi, kuposa nsomba zomwe zimawuluka mu udzu komanso m'malo osaya.
Zambiri mwatsatanetsatane za moyo wa asodzi, ngakhale ali omwazikana, timakumana ndi a Terletsky, omwe adawona msodzi ku Zap. Dvina ndi Neman. Poganizira malongosoledwe ake, syrt ya mitsinje yotchulidwa m'njira zambiri imasiyana ndi syrt ya kumwera kwa Russia komanso madera ena kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia. Terarsky akuti, "Raw, nsomba za mumtsinje, makamaka ku West Dvina ndi ku Neman, sizipezeka m'madzi. Onse popaka magalimoto komanso nthawi yachilimwe, amasankha malo otsogola, apadera, omwe zimakhala zovuta kudziwa. Makamaka amasungidwa m'madzi, ndi pansi yokutidwa ndi jvira lalikulu kapena mwala yaying'ono, wokhala ndi mazama osiyanasiyana. Ndi kukwera kwamadzi kwakukulu, komabe, imasunga gombe ndikulowa m'madzi obwerera. Iye, panyumba komanso pamaulendo, omwe amachita pafupipafupi kuposa nsomba zina zamtsinje, nthawi zonse amatsata gulu. Mitundu ya syrti imangokhala m'magulu molingana ndi kufanana kwawo, ndipo achinyamata sapezeka m'masukulu a okalamba kapena azaka zapakati komanso mosiyanasiyana. Ma syrtinki ang'onoang'ono, mpaka zaka ziwiri, amabwerera m'madzi akuya kwambiri, akumakumba mumchenga komanso pakati pamiyala, kufunafuna ma testicles ndi mphutsi za tizilombo toyambitsa m'madzi, zomwe amadya. Chifukwa chake, sikuti zimagwira bwino osati kungogwira, komanso kukumana ndi nsomba zazing'ono, ".
Anawombera kumapeto kwa June kapena koyambirira kwa Julayi. Palibe nsomba yamadzi yatsopano yomwe imakonzekera chikondwererochi ngati pike kapena podust (yaiwisi). Masabata ena awiri asanakwane, phula limayamba kuderera ndipo limakhala lokongola, laluso komanso lokongola. Masikelo oyera ngati masikelo oyera amakhala ngati amtambo wachikasu ndi ofiira otsekemera m'maso mwa timiyala tating'onoyo. "
"Mu Zapadnaya Dvina, kusunthira kwapadera ndi kodabwitsa pakati pa maluwa amitengo yamaluwa, ndikutchetcha kwa utoto ndi utoto wa rasipiberi. Kaya madziwo ndi akulu kapena ochepa, chotupa chimakwera nthawi ino kulowa m'mabungwe akulu a Western Dvina. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kutuluka kumeneku kumachitika koyamba ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, ndiye, pakukola kwa rye, mitundu yapakatikati ndi rasipiberi ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Amati: "pali phula - cheryomovka, loboti kapena wowongolera apaulendo." Amaganiza kuti, pokonzekera kuponya kabokosi kanyumba, amafufuza malo abwino kuchita izi pasadakhale, ndipo ngati akudziwa bwino, amangochokapo, kotero kuti kusunthaku kumatenga masiku ochepa. ”
"Podust of kubowula samasonkhana m'ma gulu, koma, kumangokhala m'midzi yayikulu kapena yaying'ono momwe caviar adadziyipeza (?), Amayendayenda mozungulira, kufunafuna malo obowera, kenako, akuchita manyazi ndi mwala wawukulu womwe, zamakonozi zikupanga ngozi, kugundana, wina pambuyo pamzake, kumadumphira pamwala momwemonso, ngati akufuna kuwoloka. Zitsulo zawo zokhala ngati utawaleza zimawalira padzuwa, mwina zikupita kapena kusowa m'madzi akutsika, ndipo matayala ofulumira amasesa mitsinje yowala yosasintha. Nthawi zambiri podust amaponyera caviar ndi mkaka pakuyenda mwachangu, komaso, pomwe amawanyamula pansi. Kupeza malo abwino owombera, podust nthawi zambiri imapita m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya mitsinje m'midzi yofunika, komwe imagwidwa ndi Jacques (Zhokhs, snout), yomwe imakhazikitsidwa mwachangu.
Kuti ma Jacques asazindikirike ndikuti apange mozungulira ngati kamasewera kakang'ono, komwe panthawiyo kanakopeketse, ndimakopeka ndi singano (?) Kuchokera kunthambi zokutidwa ndi masamba kapena singano. ”
Moyo ndi kugwira nsomba zamadzi oyera. - Kiev: State Publishing House of Agriculture Literature ya Russian SSR. L.P. Sabaneev. 1959.
Mawonekedwe
Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa yaiwisi kuchokera kwa oimira ena a banja la cyprinid ndi mphuno yake yayikulu yomwe imatseguka pakamwa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa, nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi phula, lomwe limakhala ndi zofanana ndi uta. Zizindikiro zodziwika za kusiyana kwa asodzi ndi nsomba zomwe ndi:
- thupi lonse lokhala ndi mtundu wina,
- ma ray ochulukirapo mu anal fin (ngati pali malaya 15 pamalopo, ndiye kuti zopangira zowonjezera zimakhala ndi zoposa 20),
- mawonekedwe ozungulira mkamwa (pomwe pakamwa pamakhala chamkati m'mphuno),
- miyeso yabwino.
Mtundu wa wimba umatha kusintha chaka chonse. Asanatulutsidwe, thupi la nsomba'li lopakidwa utoto wowala, lokhala ndi matani ofiira ndi lalanje. Monga oimira ena ambiri am'banja la cyprinid, mutu ndi zophimba za wimba wamwamuna zimakhala zolimba pakukhudzana. Pambuyo pofalikira, mtundu wa zipsepizo umacheperachepera. Ndi madzi ozizira a yophukira, kumbuyo kwa zinthu zopangidwazo kumapeza chowala, chamtundu wamtambo. M ziphuphu zamkati ndi ma anal zimasanduka zachikaso.
Pa gawo la chilumba cha Crimea pali mitundu ingapo ya zinthu zopangira - phokoso lakuda. Mtunduwu umasiyana ndi omwe akuimira gulu lalikulu pakakhala kuti palibe mphuno yayikulu komanso thupi laling'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mutu wa kuphika kwamaso akuda ndi utoto wakuda, ndipo zipsepse zamkati ndi pectoral zimakhala ndi malire wakuda. Kutalika kwambiri kwa mtundu wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri kumapitirira masentimita 30. M'malo ena otsalawo pamakhala mtanda pakati pa wimba ndi bream. Zophatikiza zoterezi zimadziwika ndi mtundu wofiirira komanso concave anal fin.
Asodzi anakwanitsa kugwira nsomba za kukula kwa kilogalamuyo zomwe zimakula kuposa ma kilogalamu awiri, komabe, kukula kwakutali kwa nsomba imeneyi ndi kutalika kwa 30 cm ndi kulemera kwa 600-800 g.Magawo ambiri, nsomba zosaphika ndi zamtundu womwe nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa ndizoletsedwa, zomwe ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kwa asodzi omwe adasonkhana kuti agwire izi nsomba.
Kufalikira
Poyerekeza ndi ma cyprinid ena, kuwunda kwa wimba kumayamba makamaka mochedwa kutentha kwa madzi kukafika madigiri 1820. M'madera akumwera, nthawi yopanga zipatso imapezeka kumapeto kwa Meyi, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo koyambirira kwa mwezi wa June. Asanatulutse, asodziwo amapanga magulu akulu aminyama ndikuyamba kukwera m'mitsinje. Khalidwe lotereli limangobadwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba. Sukulu zotere zimapangidwa molingana ndi mfundo zaka, chifukwa chake, anthu ofanana msanga amapezeka m'gulu la nsomba zomwe zimayandikira kumalo odyetserako.
Ngati roach ndi crucian carp zitayamba kuzama, osayikira mazira pamiyala yamadzimadzi am'madzi, ndiye kuti kutulutsa kwa wimba kumawoneka kosiyana kwambiri. Raw imayikira mazira m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, pomwe kuya kuya kumatha kufika mita isanu kapena kupitilira. Mazira oikira, mothandizidwa ndi chinthu chomatira chovundikira, imakhazikika pamiyala yamiyala, yomwe imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwake ndi mtsinje wamphamvu wamadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mazira omwe adayikidwa m'miyala amayamba kukhala osagwirizana ndi mafoni am'madzi ndi nsomba zina zambiri.
Kuchekacheka kotereku kumatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, pomwe wamkulu kwambiri ndiye woyamba kuyikira mazira. Zowuluka zokha usiku. Mazira ake ndi ochepa kukula. Msodzi wapakatikati amatha kuyikira mazira 30,000, omwe amochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa oimira ena amtunduwu. Mwachangu amasungidwa mazira, zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo zimamatira m'dera lomwe adabadwira. Ngati ana a nsomba zina amathanso kuwawona m'madzi osaya ndi dzuwa, ndiye kuti nsomba zosaphika sizikhala zooneka ndi maso a angler.
Nsomba sizinthu zodziwedza nsomba, chifukwa anthu ake ndi ochepa. Msodziyu ndi amene amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zabwino kwambiri zam'madzi. Imakhala yabwino kwambiri mu mawonekedwe okazinga ndi owuma.
Njira zophera nsomba
Popeza zopangira zimatsata malo okhala ndi magetsi amphamvu, kuwedza kwake kuyenera kuchitika pa giyala yoyenera, kulola nyambo kuti izidyetsedwa bwino mumtsinje wamphamvu. Ndikwabwino kugwira Wimbu ndi Bologna zamakono komanso zida zama feeder. Zida zamakono zionetsa kudyetsa kolowako kopanira kumalo osambira ndipo kudzapatsa msodzi malingaliro abwino akasewera nsomba.
Ndodo ya Bologna
Kukumana kwa Bologna ndikwabwino kugwira wimba pamitsinje yaying'ono yokhala ndi mafunde othamanga, kumene kuponya phokoso la 15-20 m ndikokwanira kuti nsomba zipite kumalo awo oimika magalimoto.Bologna kuthana ndi kuwimba kwa wimba kumakhala zinthu zingapo:
- ndodo ya Bologna yosenda ya 6-7 m mulitali, yokhala ndi reeltia yopanda ma 3000 yolowera,
- mzere wophera kwambiri womwe ukuimilira ndi mulifupi wa 0.16-0.18 mm:
- ntchentche yowoneka ngati dontho kapena loyandama yokhala ndi 4-12 g,
- kuzama koyenda ngati mawonekedwe,
- kutseka mikanda ya silicone,
- kakulidwe kakang'ono
- chitsogozo kuchokera ku mzere wodziyimira monofilament wokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.12-0.16 mm,
- mbedza.
Mukasodza mumayendedwe olimba, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma alamu omwe ali ndi katundu wopitilira 10 g, kotero kuyesa kwa ndodo yosodza yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupendekera ndodo ya nsomba kuyenera kukhala 10-25 g, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuponyera zida zolemetsa ndikuwongolera kayendedwe kake nthawi yayitali. Popeza kusodza m'mawaya kumakhudza kulumikizana pafupipafupi ndi dothi lamiyala pathanthwe, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mopepuka kwambiri, chifukwa zimayamba kusinthika mwachangu. Chingwe chapamwamba kwambiri chokhala ndi mbewa wa monofilament wokhala ndi mulifupi wa 0.16-0.18 mm ndi chabwino kupangira ndodo yosodza ya Bologna.
Madzi oyandama ngati dontho kapena ozungulira sakhala otetezedwa ndi madzi othamanga ndipo amakhala osasunthika mokhazikika pakadali pano. Chingwe cha chipangizo cha Bologna choluma chiziwonetsa kuti chizikhala ndi zomwe chimagwira, chomwe chingalolere kuyika kwamtambo.
Chowala chowoneka ngati peyala chitha kuvulaza mzere wausodzi pakasodzi, chifukwa chake, silicone cambric iyenera kuyikiridwa mkati mwake mwa dzenje kuti isawonongeke monofilament. Chidanda cha silicone chomwe chilipo mu snap-block chimalepheretsa msonkhano wotsogolera kuti uswe msonkhano wolumikizana. Tsamba lokhazikika limalepheretsa kupindika kwa leash pakutumiza.
Iyenera kuwunika makamaka kutalika kwa leash, yomwe ikuyenera kukhala 60-90 cm. Kutalika kotereku kumapereka nyambo yowonjezera pamapeto, chifukwa choti chakudya chimazindikira chisangalalo mwachangu. Popeza tikulankhula za kugwira nsomba zazikulu ndi zazikulu, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zowonda kuposa 0.12 mm, popeza kugwiritsa ntchito mafinya ocheperako kumadzala ndimakola kawirikawiri komanso maphwando okwiyitsa.
Wimba nthawi zonse amalimbana mwamphamvu nthawi yamasewera, choncho oyimbira ayenera kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mbedza zosakwana No. 12. Pokomera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbedza zazikulu, kuti nsomba zimakonda kugwidwa ndi nyambo zazikulu zimayankhulanso. Njira yamsonkhano wogwiritsa ntchito zida za usodzi wa wimba ili motere:
- choyandama chimayikidwa pachikumbukiro chachikulu,
- ngalawa yotsamira ndiyika chingwe chowedza.
- mkanda wotsekedwa wavala chofukizira.
- pachimake pachomangira chimphepo chachikulu,
- kulumikizana ndi mbedza kumalumikizidwa ndi thonje.
Zipangizozi zimasinthidwa kotero kuti mtunda wochokerako mpaka pakuyandama ndi wa 0.5-1 m kuposa kuposazama kwenikweni pamalo asodzi. Mukatumiza, chishalo chimakokera pansi pa mtsinje, ndipo kulumikizana ndi mbedza kutsogolo kwake. Chifukwa cha kamangidwe kamakina osiyira pansi, kuluma kwa nsombayo kumatumizidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti kuyandama.
Zida zamagetsi
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika pamene ngakhale asodzi akuwedza pamtsinje wawung'ono, osapitirira 50 m, kuti afikire nsomba, msodzi ayenera kuponya zida za 30-40 m. Zoterezi zimatha kuchitika ngati bedi la mtsinje likadutsa pansi pa banki yonse ndikuwedza nsomba yonse gawo la njira. Poterepa, ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:
- 40-100 g mtanda wodyetsa ndodo, wa 2.7-,5,5 m, wokhala ndi 3000 mndandanda wamkati,
- chingwe chachikulu choluka ndi mainchesi 0,12 mm,
- theka-lotsekeka lodyetsa masekeli 30-80 g,
- mbedza.
Ndodo yodyetsa yamphamvu imakupatsani mwayi woponyera feeder wolemera mpaka 80 g mpaka mtunda wa 60. Wodyetsa wolemera mukamachepetsa chinyontho ndikofunikira kuti chotsekeracho chikhale pamalo pomwepo. Simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe choluka cha usodziwu, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti madzi azikhala ochepa komanso kuti achepetse chidwi chake.
Zofunikira zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito polumikizira ndi mbedza ngati mukuwedza zida za Bologna. Popeza kusodza kumachitika mumtsinje womwe nsomba imatenga nyambo kwambiri mozama kuposa m'madzi osasunthika, sizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yopingasa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mbedza zazing'ono kwambiri.
Anthu ambiri obwera kudziko lina amasodza nsomba zamawamba kuchokera ku ayezi. Kusodza kwa ayezi sikothandiza kwenikweni kuposa kuwedza m'madzi otseguka, komanso ndizosangalatsa. Gwira asodzi ku ayezi paulendo wozizira wodyetsa nyengo yozizira. Wodyetsa nyengo yozizira amasiyana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'miyezi yotentha chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa chida chopepuka cholemera kuyambira 10 mpaka 30. Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo mwa ndodo yayitali ya nsomba, ndodo yodziyimira yokhala ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 60 cm yokhala ndi nsonga yosinthira ya fiberglass imagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'malo mwa coil wamkati, mtundu wanthawi yachisanu wa "ochulukitsa" nthawi zambiri umakhazikitsidwa pazomwezi. Zida zina zonse zodyetsa nyengo yachisanu ndizofanana ndendende ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophera nsomba m'madzi otseguka.
Raw, ngati onse oimira cyprinids, amayankha bwino kusakaniza kwanyambo. Monga nyambo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zogulira ndi zapakhomo zomwe zimakopa kukopa kuphwanyaza kapena Roach. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti popeza kuwedza kumachitika malo olimba tsopano, dothi lolemera liyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi kusakaniza kwa nyambo, zomwe sizingalole kuti madzi azichotsa mwachangu tinthu tosungidwa m'deralo.
Pakusodza, mphutsi kapena mphutsi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kampango. Madzi a m'magazi ndi barele yophika ngale samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo.
Ngati asodzi anali ndi mwayi wokhala kumtsinje womwe kupezeka nsomba zowoneka, ndiye kuti ayenera kuyesetsa kugwira nsomba zosowa ndi zokongola izi. Musanapite kukasodza, muyenera kuwerengera mosamala malamulo asodzi amateur ndikuwonetsetsa kuti m'dera lomwe akuwedza akufuna, zophatikizidwazo sizikupezeka mndandanda wa nsomba zoletsedwa kusodza.
Kutanthauzira Kwansomba
Msodzi amafika kutalika kwa 60 cm ndi thupi lolemera mpaka 3 kg. Ikakhala zaka zosaposa 17.
Mbali yodziwika ndi nsombayi ndi mphuno yayitali, yomwe imaphimba pakamwa pa nsomba'yi. Ndiye chifukwa chake msodziyo ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi nsomba zina zonse zamadzi oyera (bream, scythe, ramams, etc.). Komanso, kamwa ya nsomba imatha kutembenukanso, mutu umakhala utadutsa.
Msodziyo amakhalanso ndi thupi lalitali, lomwe limakutidwa ndi mamba akuluakulu. Dorsal fin wamtali komanso wamfupi.
Ponena za mtundu wa nsomba, nthawi zambiri imakhala ya imvi. Komabe, mthunziwo umasintha malinga ndi nthawi ya chaka. Madzulo atatulutsa, kumapeto kwa chakudyacho, kumbuyo kwa msodzi kumakutidwa ndi tint wakuda, ndipo pakati pakati pamimba ndi zipsepse zapansi zimapeza tint yofiirira. Amphongo akamatambasulira m'mitu yawo, zophimba za gill komanso m'mphepete mwa masikelo zimakhala ndi "zovala zokhoma" ngati mawonekedwe a njere zazing'ono.
Pakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kumbuyo kwa nsombayo kumakhala khunguwa lotuwa, ziphuphu zakumaso zimasanduka chikaso, m'mimba mumakhala oyera.
Moyo wam nsomba
Kusodza kumachitika makamaka mchaka cha chilimwe. Pakadali pano, ambiri mwa nsomba amachoka kunyanjaku mitsinje, ndipo nthawi yozizira amakonda kubwerera kunyanja.
Asodzi amawedza nsomba zomwe zimayamwa ndikumangika. M'mitsinje, imatha kukhala m'malo okhala ndi magetsi amphamvu. Amakhala m'malo osungirako ndi madzi oyera, m'malo okhala mchenga kapena miyala. Nthawi zina chimasungidwa m'maenje kwambiri.
Izi nsomba zimatsogolera kusangalala. Gulu la nsomba limayimiriridwa ndi anthu pafupifupi saizi ndi msinkhu, nthawi zina ochulukirapo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo, ma mollusks, nyongolotsi, crustaceans yaying'ono imaphatikizidwa muzakudya za asodzi. Ndikudya koperewera, asodzi amatha kusinthana ndi algae.
Nsomba zikuluzikulu mu Meyi-Juni. Madzulo atatulutsa, nsomba zimasonkhana m'masukulu akulu ndikupita kumitsinje. Zachikazi nthawi zambiri zimazikira mazira pamilambo ya mitsinje, m'malo okhala ndi mwala wamphamvu komanso pansi pamiyala, ndipo nthawi zina mwakuya kwambiri. Kubzala kwa nsomba kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri, makamaka usiku.
Nsomba caviar ndi yaying'ono, monga mbewu za poppy, koma zambiri. Mkazi m'modzi wolemera 600 g amatha kusesa mazira 30,000.
Nsomba zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nsomba (100 g)
Ubwino wazakudya | |
Zopatsa mphamvu, kcal | 88 |
Mapuloteni, g | 17,5 |
Mafuta, g | 2,0 |
Madzi g | 70 |
Macronutrients | |
Chlorine mg | 165 |
Sulfa, mg | 175 |
Tsatani zinthu | |
Zinc mg | 0,7 |
Chromium, mcg | 55 |
Fluorine, mcg | 430 |
Molybdenum, mcg | 4 |
Nickel, mcg | 6 |
Mavitamini | |
Vitamini PP (niacin ofanana), mg | 2,905 |
Zothandiza nsomba
Asodzi amatha kukhala nsomba kuti ndi yofunika kwa anthu. Nyama yake imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, omwe si otsika poyerekeza ndi mapuloteni a nyama mu kapangidwe ka amino acid. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama ya nsomba ilibe mafuta omwe amakhala ndi mafuta, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda a atherosulinosis. Nsombazo zimasonyezedwanso kwa matenda oopsa, edema ndi mavuto ena okhudzana ndi matenda a mtima. Pokhapokha ngati izi ndizofunikira kudya ngati zimasungunuka kapena kuwiritsa, chifukwa kusuta, nsomba zouma ndi zouma zitha kuwonjezera vuto la odwala.
Zambiri zopatsa mphamvu za nsomba ndizochepa kwambiri, motero zimalimbikitsidwa muzakudya.
Kodi nsomba zimapezeka kuti?
Pali mitundu inayi yayikulu ya Asodzi, yosiyanitsidwa ndi malo okhala, ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono mawonekedwe:
- Msodzi Wam'madzi Wamtundu Wathunthu (amakhala makamaka mkati mwa Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov),
- Msodzi wa Caspian (malo a Nyanja ya Caspian),
- asodzi ang'ono (beseni Wakuda),
- yaiwisi (yofala m'zigwa za North ndi Baltic Seas).
Msodzi wosaphika, kapena asodzi, atha kukhala nsomba zamadzi oyera, kapena nsomba yosamukira kapena nsomba yosamukasamuka. Imapezeka m'matupi amadzi a pakati komanso kum'mawa kwa Europe, ku Russia imagawidwa kwambiri kumadera a South-Western ndi Southern, ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'masamba a Caspian, Baltic ndi North Seas. Kuchuluka kwa anthu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa madzi oyera, kumakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje, pomwe mulingo wamchere m'madzi mulibe kwambiri.
Kodi nsomba zimagwira bwanji?
Nsomba zimagwidwa (kutengera dera lomwe akukhalamo) nthawi zambiri ndikamayamba kutentha, nsomba zikamapita m'magawo ang'onoang'ono osungirako kapena kukwera mumtsinjewo kuti utulutse. Asanatulutsire, chinsalu chimayamba m'madziwo, ndipo nthawi imeneyi chimakhala bwino kwambiri.
Malo oti asodzi ayenera kukhala ndi madzi abwino. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosodza ndi m'mawa kwambiri, mpaka madzulo. Kukhala ndi ufulu wambiri posankha malo osambira (makamaka m'dzinja pamene nsomba ipita kumalo okuya), ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi bwato.
Amagwira pansi kwambiri (amadyetsa), ndipo amayandama (nthawi zambiri mawaya), ndipo ma rigs okhala ndi mphete nawonso adadzitsimikizira kuti ali bwino. Popeza Rybnik ndi nsomba zochenjera, asodzi ambiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali (kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 90 sentimita) kuti mukamatenga nozzle nsomba sizimamva kukaniza kwamtali.
Pakudyetsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo, zokhala ndi ma spikes ang'onoang'ono (kuti asakhale oledzera ndi omwe alipo), odyetsa. Pazakudya zowonjezera, payenera kukhala zidutswa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo (magazi owoneka, nyongolotsi, mphutsi, ndi zina).
Monga nyambo, ma feed ochokera ku nyama, monga nyongolotsi zamagazi, mphutsi, mphutsi, ndi mapira, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma nthawi yotentha kugwiranso ntchito kumathandizidwanso pa nyambo za mbewu (chimanga, nandolo, barele, mtanda, semolina, ndi zina). Mukasodza, muyenera kuganizira zakudyazo komanso zotsika za chakudya, motere, nyambo iyenera kukhala pansi kapena yosakweza.
Zambiri Zokhudza nsomba
Ngakhale nsomba izi zimachepa msanga pa kutentha kwambiri, mawonekedwe ake abwino amakonzanso kuti asanduke nsomba iliyonse. Zowonadi, nyama ya Rybtsa ndi ya zakudya, imakhala ndi puloteni imodzi komanso yokha 88 kilocalories . Ndi mafuta, achifundo, okhathamira kwambiri komanso okoma, amatha kuwaza, kuphika, kuphika khutu, koma amayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa chouma komanso kusuta. Chifukwa cha zomwe zimapezeka mu fluorine, vitamini PP, ma amino acid ofunikira komanso mafuta osapangidwira, zitha kuvomerezedwa muzakudya za aliyense, koma ndizothandiza makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mafupa, rickets, atherosclerosis, matenda oopsa a mtima komanso matenda amtima.
Ntchito zofunikira ndi kapangidwe ka nsomba
Nyama ya nsomba imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, omwe mu chakudya chake amatha kufananizidwa ndi mapuloteni a nyama, komanso zina - nsomba zamapuloteni sizimakhala ndi mafuta owopsa, okhala ndi ma amino acids, popanda zomwe kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa thupi kumakhala kosatheka. Amino acid amaphatikizapo lysine, methionine, taurine ndi tryptophan. Taurine ndi amino acid wothandiza kwambiri, yemwe, monga mpweya, amafunikira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la atherosulinosis, edema, matenda oopsa komanso mavuto ena ndi mtima. Chifukwa chake, zosaphika ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa. Kuphatikiza apo, mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu nsomba amatha kugaya mosavuta komanso akhoza kugaya mosavuta.
Monga anthu ena okhala m'madzi akuya, nyanjayi imakhala ndi mavitamini, zazikulu ndi zazikulu, zomwe phokoso limakhalapo. Monga mukudziwa, thupi limafunikira mphamvu ya minofu ndi mafupa a enamel, komanso thanzi laubongo ndi maselo amwazi. Fluoride imalepheretsa kutulutsa kwam'mano, mano ndi mano. Ma chromium ambiri amapezeka mu nsomba, zomwe zimathandiza thupi kuyamwa chakudya chamthupi, kukonza metabolism komanso kuyang'anira glucose, komanso molybdenum, yomwe imathandizira kupewa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
Mwa mavitamini omwe amapezeka mu nsomba, mavitamini PP okha, kapena nicotinic acid, alipo. Vitamini PP amatenga gawo pa chakudya ndi mapuloteni, imagwirizanitsa zochitika zamanjenje, imalimbikitsa ntchito ya ubongo, komanso imachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi.