Alpaca - ndi chiyani? Nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zam'madzi za Llama Ambiri amakhala ku Peru. Zokhudza banja la ngamila. Amawetedwa kuti atenge ubweya. Kuchokera pamenepo amapanga ulusi wodula kwambiri padziko lapansi. Iyi ndi nkhani yosalala, yoterera, yofunda. Nsalu ya Alpaca ilinso ndi dzina lomweli, lomwe limawunikiridwa pansipa.
Kupanga kwa Alpaca
Tsitsi limachitika kamodzi pachaka kapena ziwiri. Makilogalamu atatu a ulusi wabwino amatengedwa kuchokera ku alpac pa nthawi. Makilogalamu asanu ndi awiri a ubweya ameta ubweya wa nyama yamphongo. Mukadula, onani mtundu wa chovalacho. Kenako imakonzedwa:
- kusakaniza ndi dzanja kutengera makulidwe, mtundu, wotsukidwa kuchokera ku udzu, mbewu, zinyalala, dothi, zisa, kuluka, kuchapa, kuti tichotseretu kuipitsa.
Pambuyo pokonza, ulusi wa alpaca umasungidwa nthawi yayitali, malo onse amasungidwa. Pambuyo pa masitepe onse, iye ndi wokonzeka kupenta, nthawi zambiri satero.
Mukamapanga nsalu, ulusi wama kemikali nthawi zambiri umawonjezeredwa: polyamide, viscose, acrylic. Mphamvu za mulu wachilengedwe zimakhalabe, koma mtengo wake umatsika. Maonekedwe a zinthuzo ndizosangalatsa. Alpacas nthawi zambiri amasakanikirana ndi merino kapena ubweya wina wachilengedwe. Ikaphatikizidwa ndi silika, nsalu yofewa, ya airy imapezeka.
Opanga mafashoni amagwiritsa ntchito ubweya wangwiro, nsalu zophatikizika popanga zinthu.
Nyama zimaweta ku USA, South America. Ubweya wawo ndi wotsika mtengo, woipa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ambiri amatha kugula malaya kapena chinthu china. Ubweya wabwino kwambiri ndi Peruvia. Chaka chatha, matani 4000 a tsitsi amasonkhanitsidwa ku Peru. Utoto ndi wofewa, wowoneka bwino, wolumikizika kuchokera kumtunduwu ndikosavuta.
Nyama zimakhala pamtunda wamapiri, pomwe masana kutentha kwa mpweya kumasintha madigiri makumi atatu m'mwamba kapena pansi. Chifukwa chake, chovalacho ndichotentha kwambiri, koma osati chotentha.
Mbiri yakale ya nyama
Ubweya wa Alpine unkadziwika ndi ma Inca akale kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi BC. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndalama zakomweko. Nyama zimasungidwa, zinayamba kubereka mwachangu. Pamene atsamunda achi Spain adabweretsa nkhosa ku kontrakitala, adayiwala za alpacas kwazaka zambiri. Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, adayambanso kutchuka. Cha zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu, ubweya unayamba kutumizidwa ku United States mwachangu.
Guanacos amadziwika kuti ndi makolo awo, omwewo monga makolo akale a lamas. Posachedwa zidadziwika kuti zidachokera ku vicunas.
Katundu wa Alpaca Wool
Mwapangidwe ndi zomverera, ndizofanana ndi tsitsi la munthu, losalala, loonda. Ndiwofunda, yofewa ngati ubweya wa llama. Ili ndi mphamvu zochiritsa ngati ubweya wangamila. Ndiwotentha kasanu kuposa mulu wa nkhosa, mwamphamvu katatu. Za ulusi zimapanga nsalu ya nsalu iliyonse, chifukwa sakumbukira mawonekedwe. Chovala ndichitali, m'mphepete pali 15-30 sentimita.
Alpaca - chomwe chiri: nkhaniyo ndi yopanda pake, yopepuka, yolimba. Chovala ndi chosalala komanso chosangalatsa kukhudza. Sichimayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa, zimakhala ndi antimicrobial. Zovala zopangidwa ndi Alpaca sizitambasamba, osakomoka. Sizipanga zofunkha, zonunkhira. Zovala izi sizigwirizana ndi kuipitsidwa, popeza zilibe mafuta, lanolin. Ili ndi katundu wowunikira, pambuyo poyesa ubweya wamtunduwu, adapereka kalasi yoyamba pakati pazogulitsa zapakhomo ndi zovala.
Nsalu ya Alpaca ilibe fungo linalake la nyama poyerekeza ndi chikopa. Pali kuwala kosangalatsa, kovala silika, komwe sikumveka. Ili ndi mtundu wosabwezera madzi, womwe umakulolani kuyenda mumvula popanda mavuto. Nthawi yomweyo amatulutsa madzi omwe adatha kutunga.
Alpaca safuna utoto. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu makumi awiri ndi inayi ya ubweya wotere. Pali matani oyera akuda ndi oyera. Pali zofiirira, zakuda, zofiirira, zakuda, zamtundu, zoduwa, zasiliva, zapinki. Chifukwa chake, sijambulidwa. Mithunzi ingapo imakuthandizani kuti muziphatikiza, kuti mupange zinthu zamitundu yambiri zoyipa kuposa za utoto. Ndikosavuta kuyera, maalubino siovuta kukula. Nthawi zambiri muyenera kusankha tsitsi loyera kuchokera ku nyama zingapo - mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pamimba.
Amatha kuluka, kusoka zinthu zamtundu uliwonse. Masamba amatentha pamoto, kuzizira, ndikukhalabe kutentha kwa thupi. Nyama zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi ubweya wosiyana. Wina ali ndi kutentha kuposa mohair.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsitsi
Mitundu inayi ya ubweya wa alpine:
- Royal Alpaca, masentimita awiri a tsitsi.
- Makanda a alpaca okhala ndi ma micron 22,5. Ubweya uwu ndiwopamwamba kwambiri.
- Alpaca wofewa kwambiri, fiber awiri 25,5 micrometer.
- Akuluakulu alpaca, kukula kwa tsitsili ndi ma microns 32.
Wocheperako nyama, yofewa, yamafuta, yabwino kwambiri. Mkhalidwe umawerengedwa ndi mainchesi 18 mpaka 25 ma micrometer. Tsitsi lomwe lili ndi mainchesi akulu kuposa 34 limapangidwa ngati ubweya wa llama. M'chaka, ulusi umachulukanso m'lifupi kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 5 micrometer. Zimatengera chakudya. Alpaca sadzalemera ndi michere yambiri, koma tsitsi limakhala lokhwima.
Zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthuzi
M'midzi yaku Peru, eni ake amadzipangira okha zinthu zosavuta zotsika mtengo. Ku United States, makampani ang'ono a ubweya akulumikizana kuti achepetse mtengo wopangira zovala ndikuwapangitsa kukhala otsika mtengo.
Zovala zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwa kuchokera ku alpaca: masokosi, jekete, jekete, malaya, sweti, otentha otentha yozizira. Chipewa, zopangira: zipewa, zipewa, nsapato, zovala zamkati, stoles, mittens. Zovala zapakhomo: makapeti, ma rug, zovala.
Opanga zovala zamasewera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo chifukwa cha katundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Chitani zinthu zochitira masewera aliwonse nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka. Osewera amadziwa kuti zovala ndizopepuka, zotentha, zabwino kuposa zina.
Ubweya wa nyama zazing'onoting'ono zimapita kukongoletsa, ndipo zachikale - kwa zopota, zofunda. Amapanganso ulusi wodzipukuta. Amayi amaluka zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu ulusi wa ana awo: mwana adzawotha, koma sakhala otentha. Mutha kuluka, kuluka.
Zoseweretsa zamtundu waubweya wa alpaca zotetezeka: