Ufumu: | Nyama |
Lembani: | Chordate |
Subtype: | Vertebrates |
Giredi: | Amayi |
Chinsinsi: | Achimidzi |
Gulu: | Omwe amachokera |
Banja: | Marsupial Anteaters Myrmecobiidae Waterhouse, 1841 |
Jenda: | Marsupial Anteaters Myrmecobius Nyumba zamadzi, 1836 |
Onani: | Marsupial Anteater |
Mitundu yangozi IUCN 3.1 Zowopsa: 14222 |
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Marsupial Anteater , kapena nambat , kapena goosebump (lat. Myrmecobius fasciatus) - nyama zoyamwitsa kuyambira pagulu la nyama zodyera. Mitundu imadziwika mu banja lodziwika la Myrmecobiidae.
Mawonekedwe
Kukula kwa marsupial ndi kocheperako: kutalika kwa thupi 17-27 cm, mchira 13- 17 cm. Nyama yachikulire yolemera 280-550 g, amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Mutu wanyumba ya marsupial anangotsika, mutu wake umakhala wokwezeka ndikuwunikira, kamwa ndi laling'ono. Lilime la vermiform limatha kutuluka kuchokera mkamwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10. Maso ndi akulu, makutu amaloza. Mchirawo ndi wautali, wosathina, ngati gologolo, wosagwira. Nthawi zambiri nambat imagwira molunjika, ndipo nsonga iliyimilira pang'ono. Mawamba ndi afupiafupi, otambalala kwambiri, okhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu. Kutsogolo ndi zala zisanu, miyendo yakumbuyo ndi 4.
Tsitsi la Nambat ndi lolemera komanso lolimba. Nambat ndi amodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri ku Australia: amapenta utoto kapena utoto wofiirira. Chovala chakumbuyo chakumbuyo ndi kumtunda kwa chiuno chophimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima 6-12 kapena kirimu. Nambats Akumawa ali ndi utoto wofanana kuposa wa azungu. Mzere wakuda wautali umawonekera pakapukutira, kuchokera pamphuno mpaka diso mpaka khutu. M'mimba ndi miyendo ndi zoyera chikasu,
Mano a anteatte ya marsupial ndi ochepa kwambiri, ofooka ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala asymmetrical: Molars kumanja ndi kumanzere kumatha kukhala ndi kutalika kosiyanasiyana komanso m'lifupi. Pazonse, Nambat ali ndi mano 50-52. Khomo lolimba limatalika kwambiri kuposa zolengedwa zambiri zomwe zimayamwa, zomwe zimadziwika ndi nyama zina "zazitali" (painolins, armadillos). Akazi amakhala ndi ma nipples anayi. Palibe thumba la ana; pali gawo loyenda chabe lopingidwa ndi tsitsi lopotana.
Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi
Asanayambe ulamulilo waku Europe, nambat anali ofala ku Western ndi South Australia, kuchokera kumalire a New South Wales ndi Victoria kupita kugombe la Indian Ocean, kumpoto kukafika kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Northern Territory. Tsopano mtunduwo ndi wochepa kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Western Australia. Amakhala makamaka nkhalango za eucalyptus ndi mthethe komanso malo owuma.
Nambat amadya chakudya chambiri, zochepa nyerere. Amadya ma invertebrates ena mwamwayi. Uwu ndi mtundu umodzi wokha womwe umangodya tizilombo tokhala pagulu; muukapolo, mbalame zodyeramo zam'madzi zimadya pafupifupi zikwi makumi awiri tsiku lililonse. Nambat amafufuza chakudya ndi fungo lake labwino kwambiri. Amakumba dothi ndi zofunda za kutsogolo kwake kapena kuthyola mitengo yowola, kenako amagwira chithaphwi ndi lilime lomata. Nambat imeza chakudya chokwanira kapena zipolopolo zochepa.
Ndizachilendo kuti chilombochi sichimasamala za malo ozungulira panthawi yachakudya. Nthawi ngati izi, imatha kudulidwa kapena ngakhale kunyamulidwa.
Popeza miyendo ndi ziswankhono za tinyanga ta marsupial anteater (mosiyana ndi ma myrmecophages - echidnas, anteaters, aardvark) ndi ofooka ndipo sangathe kulimbana ndi chimwala cholimba, amasaka makamaka masana pamene tizilombo timadutsa m'mabwalo apansi panthaka kapena pansi pa khungwa la mitengo kufunafuna chakudya. Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku za Nambat zimayanjanitsidwa ndi zochitika za kutentha ndi kutentha komwe. Chifukwa chake m'chilimwe, pakati pa tsiku, nthaka imawuma kwambiri, ndipo tizilombo timapita pansi pamadzi, kotero nambats amasintha moyo wamadzulo, nthawi yozizira amadya kuyambira m'mawa mpaka masana, pafupifupi maola 4 patsiku.
Nambat ndi wokalamba kwambiri, amatha kukwera mitengo, pangozi pang'ono pobisala. Amakhala usiku m'malo obisika (pamata osaya, pamiyala ya mitengo) pabedi la masamba, masamba ndi udzu wouma. Kugona kwakeko ndizakuya, kofanana ndi makanema oimitsidwa. Pali milandu yambiri pamene anthu, limodzi ndi mitengo yakufa, adawotcha mwangozi ma nambats omwe analibe nthawi yodzuka. Kupatula nyengo yakuswana, anyani amtchire amasunga kamodzi, kumakhala gawo limodzi mpaka mahekitala 150. Agwidwa, nambat samaluma ndipo samakanda, koma mwadzidzidzi amaliza mluzu kapena kung'ung'udza.
Kuswana
Nthawi yakukhwima ku nambat imatha kuyambira Disembala mpaka Epulo. Pakadali pano, amphwayi amachoka m'malo awo osaka ndikupita kukafufuza zazikazi, ndikuwonetsa mitengo ndi nthaka ndi chinsinsi chamafuta, chomwe chimatulutsa chida chapadera pakhungu.
Tizilombo tating'ono (10 mm kutalika), ana obadwa amaso ndi amaliseche amabadwa patatha masabata awiri atakhwima. Pali zinyumba ziwiri mu zinyalala. Popeza chachikazi ilibe thumba la ana, amapachika mawondo ake, akumamatirira chovala chamayi. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, kubadwa kumachitika ndi mzere wautali wa 1-2 m. Mkaziyo amanyamula ana ake pamimba pake pafupifupi miyezi 4 mpaka atafika 4-5 cm. Kenako amasiya mbewuyo mwa dzenje kapena osaya, ndikupitilira kulowa usiku kuti azidyetsa. Pofika koyambirira kwa Seputembala, nambats zazing'ono zimayamba kusiya dzenje kwakanthawi. Pofika Okutobala, asinthana ndi zakudya zosakanizika za chimbudzi ndi mkaka wamawere. Kukula kwachichepere kumakhalabe ndi amayi mpaka miyezi 9, pomaliza kumusiya mu Disembala. Kutha msanga kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo.
Chiyembekezo chamoyo (wokhala mu ukapolo) - mpaka zaka 6.
Mkhalidwe Wopezeka ndi Chitetezo
Pokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha zachuma komanso kudula kwamtunda, kuchuluka kwa zoweta marsupial kunachepa kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepera kwake ndikutsata kwa omwe amadyera. Chifukwa cha njira ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ma nambats amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa anyani ambiri apakati; amawadyedwa ndi mbalame zamphongo, ma dingo, agalu onyanyala amphaka ndi amphaka, ndipo makamaka nkhandwe zofiira, zomwe zidapezeka m'ma 1900. wobwera ku Australia. Ankhandowo anathetseratu kuchuluka kwa anthu a Nambat ku Victoria, South Australia ndi Northern Territory; anangopulumuka mwa mitundu iwiri yaying'ono pafupi ndi Perth. Chakumapeto kwa m'ma 1970. nambats panali anthu osakwana 1000.
Chifukwa cha zochulukirapo pakusamalira, kuwononga nkhandwe ndi kubwezeretsanso nkhokwe, anthu anatha kuchuluka. Anthu ambiri a ku Nambat amabadwira ku Sterling Range, malo osungirako zachilengedwe ku Australia. Komabe, chirombochi chidaphatikizidwabe m'ndandanda wa Buku Lofiira Lapadziko Lonse wokhala ndi "pangozi" (Zowopsa).
Zizindikiro zakunja za Nambat
Nambats ndi marsupials ocheperako. Kulemera kwawo kumasiyana pakati pa 300 ndi 750 magalamu. Kutalika kwa thupi locheperako kumakhala kukula kwake kuyambira 12,0 cm mpaka 21,0. Mutu ndi lathyathyathya mawonekedwe ndi lingaliro lozungulira. Lilime ndi lilime loonda komanso lomata lomwe limatha kusiyanasiyana mpaka 100 mm.
Nambat (Myrmecobius fasciatus).
Chovala ndichachifupi, chopangidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba. Utoto wofiirira kapena wonyezimira. Mikwingwirima yoyera ya 4-11 yoyera kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo m'munsi imadziwika. Khalidwe ili lakhazikika pakudziwa kuyanjana kwamitundu. Mzere wakuda umadutsa muzizungulira, wopatulidwa ndi mzere woyera pamwamba pake.
Imadutsa mbali zonse ziwiri za nkhope kenako kudutsa diso lililonse. Tsitsi kumchira ndi lalitali, lofiirira komanso loyera.
Pansi pa thupi, mtunduwo umakhala mtundu wa lalanje. Chovala pamimba ndi choyera.
Kuyimilira auricles kumakhala pamutu, kutalika kwake kumakhala kochulukirapo kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa mulifupi. Kutsogolo kumaso kuli mikono isanu, ndipo miyendo yakumbuyo imanyamula zala zinayi. Zovala ndizowonda, zamtendere.
Manamba alibe mano, koma m'malo mwake mumakhala "chitsa", chifukwa chake nyama sizitha kutafuna chakudya. Wamkazi alibe thumba la kunyamula ana. M'malo mwake, pali makutu amtundu wa khungu omwe amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi, lopindika. Pali nipples anayi pamimba. Akazi ndi amuna a manambala a mankhwalawa samasiyana pakakhala ma khola, komanso amakulidwe ang'onoang'ono.
Nambats amagawidwa m'magulu awiri - ofiira komanso akumadzulo.
Kufalikira kwa ma nambats
Nambalaat ndi vuto ku Australia ndipo amakhala makamaka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Australia. Nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimasungidwa m'matanthwe a Dragon Nature Reserve, ku Batalling - nkhalango yamtundu wa boma, mu Tutanning Nature Reserve ndi Boyagin, Dryandra ndi Perup. Pali anthu awiri akutali - Yookamurra Sangment (South Australia) ndi Scotland ku New South Wales.
Malo ogawa
Kalelo, ukoloni ku Australia ndi azungu, nambat anali wofala kwambiri ku kontrakitala. Midzi yake idapezeka kwambiri kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Australia, kumapeto kwa nyanja ya Indian. Kumpoto chakum'mwera, malo okhala nyama zodabwitsazi zimafalikira patali, mpaka kukafika kumadera akumwera chakumadzulo. Chifukwa chake alendo ochokera ku Europe amabweretsa nyama zapakhomo kudziko lakutali, ndipo nkhandwe zawozo. Zonsezi zinali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nyama zam'madzi zazikazi. Nthawi yomweyo, malowa adatsikanso, ngakhale nyamayo ikhoza kukhala mwamtendere.
Masiku ano, Nambat amapezeka kumadzulo konse kwa Australia. Masiku ano, imachulukana kwambiri ndi mafupa a bulugamu, komanso malo omwe mapangidwe ake ndi owuma. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, anyani amtopoma amakopana ndi koalas, amagawana nawo malo omwewo.
Zojambula Zapadera
Zinadziwika kale, nambat ndi yaying'ono: c) kwakukulu, kulemera kwa anthu ochulukirapo sikupitirira 500 gr. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna ndi oimira akazi kapena amuna ambiri. Koma pafupi ndi malire oterowo, nyama yatsopanoyi imakhala ndi utoto wambiri kuchokera ku mikwingwirima yowala. Ndiwo mtundu wa nyama zomwe zimasiyanitsa nyamayi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yokopa kwambiri kwa nyama zonse zaku Australia.
Koma osati mtundu wachilendo womwe umayambitsa nambata, nyamayo imakhala ndi zina zosaiwalika. Choyamba, ndi chilankhulo chomwe chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Mdierekezi amafanana kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kazinthu kameneka, nyamayi imatha kusaka popanda kusowa chakudya.
Khalidwe lachiwiri losazolowereka la nambat kokha ndi mchira wake wapamwamba, wofewa kwambiri. Nyama yakale, imafika masentimita angapo kutalika kwake, mpaka 2/3 ya kutalika kwa thupi lonse la nyamayo.
Phokoso la anyani ndi wokongola kwambiri. Imakwezedwa pang'ono ndikuwonetsedwa. Pakamwa pa nyama yolusa imadziwika kwambiri, pomwe mano pafupifupi makumi asanu, osalimba, omwe, osapindulitsa, amalepheretsa nyama kusaka bwino.
Ziyenera kunenedwa za chinthu china chowonjezera cha nyama ya marsupial anteater, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi iyo ndi armadillos ndi oyimira ena omwe amalankhula kwa nthawi yayitali ku fauna aku Australia. Ichi ndi chilala cholimba kwambiri chotalikirapo kuposa zinyama zina.
Ndi mawonekedwe a chiwalo chogonana, ndikofunikira kulabadira kuti nyamayi imakhala ndi papillae inayi. Zowona, alibe chikwama cha ana. Izi zimalowa m'malo mwa chimanga, chochepa ndi ubweya. Mikono yakutsogolo ndi miyendo ya Nambat ndi mikono isanu, ali ndi zibowo zakuthwa, zomwe zimalola wina kupatsidwa chithandizo chokhazikika. Miyendo yakumbuyo yamphongoyo ili ndi mbali zinayi.
Ndipo kumapeto kwa kufotokozera kwa mawonekedwe anyama okongola awa, ndikufuna ndikhale pamtundu wowonjezera. Mikwingwirima yanyama ya nyamayo ndiyopepuka, matupi amitundu-yoyera, ndipo mithunzi yachikasu kapena yadyera imakhala yayitali pamimba.
Kodi moyo wa nambat umawatsogolera?
Mosiyana ndi zolengedwa zambiri zomwe zimayamwa, marsupial pangolin imakonda kukhala momwe imakhalirako. Chochitika chilichonse chimakhala ndi gawo lawolawo, lomwe nthawi zina limatenga nthawi yayitali. Nyerere. ndi mahekitala 150 kapena kupitilira apo. Gawo ili ndiye chakudya cha nyama yomwe imadyera. Ponseponse, Nambat amakonda kukhala mwamtendere ndi chitonthozo. Kuyesera kupanga malo abwino kuti azipewa, nyamayo, ili m'dzenje lake, apo ayi imatulutsa masamba owuma ambiri ndi udzu wofewa .. M'mikhalidwe yotere, munthu amagona mokwanira, ndipo m'mawa amapita kukagula chakudya.
Kukula kwa tsiku lililonse kwa nyama yolusa kwambiri kumatengera kutentha komwe kumakhalako. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha, nthaka ikatentha, tizilombo tonse timabisala pansi kwambiri, nambat imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa kusaka limodzi ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa. Poyenda nyengo yozizira, nyamayi imagwira ntchito mozungulira kuzungulira kuwala. Inde, kuchita koteroko kumakhala kofanana ndi akazi, ndipo amphongo amakhutira nawo pawokha, omwe amakhala osaposa maola 4. Nthawi yonseyi, kugonana mwamphamvu kumakondera kubera kununkhira kotentha.
Chochititsa chidwi! Asayansi apeza kuti masomphenya a nyamayo ali ngati boma. Chifukwa chakuti nyamayo "imagwera" kubisala, nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba kuposa zomwe imadya kwambiri. Panalinso zowawa zambiri pamene antchito adatentha mtengo wakugwa ndi nyama zomwe zidagonamo.
Koma, m'mawa kwambiri ngati nambat ili yakugalamuka, amanyamuka mosavomerezeka kuchokera ku ngozi iliyonse, akwere mitengo mwachangu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti, mukagwira chinyama chochepa, sichisonyeza mkwiyo ndipo sichothandiza. Wanyimbo akuwonetsa kuti sakhutira ndi mzungu kapena kukuwa kwachilendo. Anthu ambiri okonda nyama zosowa amasamalira nyama zokongola izi. Ali mu ukapolo, nyambo yazimbudzi imakhala kwakanthawi - mpaka zaka 6. Ndipo kuthengo, moyo wake ndi wofanana m'mawu amodzi.
Zizata Habitats
Manambala amapezeka m'nkhalango za eucalyptus pamalo okwera pafupifupi 317 metres. Madera ambiri okhala ndi mitengo yakale yakugwa, yomwe pakati pake imakhalapo. Usiku, nyamazo zimabisala mkati mwa thunthu ndipo masana zimadikirira kutentha. Nyengo yakuswana, zimphona zimakonza phanga lake mumiyendo. Chofunika kwambiri, pakati penipeni pa mtengo wogwera ndimadyedwa ndi chigwa.
Nambat ndi amodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri aku Australia.
Zokhudza mchitidwe wamtunduwu
Manambala amadyetsedwa masana ndi usiku. Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku zimachitika chifukwa cha chakudya chake chochepa. Nyamazo sizili zolimba kwambiri mpaka kukumba chithaphwi chonse pompopompo kuti zikagwire nyama, chifukwa pang'onopang'ono zimatulutsa zimbudzi zazing'ono.
Zochita za manambala zimasiyanasiyana ndi nyengo. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, amapeza chakudya kwa maola 24. Amayiadzipumule pakati pa tsiku, pomwe nyama zidzabisala mumtengo.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, manambala amagwira ntchito m'mawa ndipo amabwerera kumalo kwawo masana.
Manambala amatenga nthawi masana kuti asanthe chonde komanso kuti apulumutse mphamvu. Kunja kwa nyengo yakubereketsa, manambala ndi nyama imodzi.
Zidazi zikamadya, nthawi zina zimayang'ana malo ozungulira, kuwululira kupezeka kwa zilombo.
Akakwiya, manambawo amakweza mchira wawo ndi malaya awo kumapeto. Moyo ukawopseza, amathawa, amathamanga mpaka 32 km pa ola, mpaka kubisala mu dzenje kapena mumtengo wa mtengo wakugwa. Manambala amakakamira zolimba kukhoma lamkati ndikukumba nkhuni ndi zibwano, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kuzitulutsa. Anthuwo akangowopseza, amachoka m'makola ndikupitiliza kudyetsa.
Kwa moyo wabwinobwino, nyama imodzi imafunikira malo pafupifupi mahekitala 50. Nyama zamtundu womwewo zimatha kukhala ndi malo ochulukira. Chisa chomwe chili mumngalamo chimakhala ndi khungwa, udzu wowuma ndi masamba.
Chakudya chochuluka
Amanamba amadya chakudya chambiri. Unyinji wa tizilombo timene timadyedwa ndi 10% ya kulemera kwa nyamayi, yomwe ndi pafupifupi ma 15,000 mpaka 20,000 patsiku.
Pamodzi ndi chimbudzi, tizilombo tina titha kumeza.
Nambatas amayesa mabowo ang'onoang'ono m'nthaka kuti adziwe chimbudzi.Lilime lalitali, lopyapyala komanso lolimba limakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse chinsinsi kuchokera pamtunda wapansi pang'ono. Zowonjezera zomwe zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa zimathandizira kukumba nyumba zodzaza ndi chimbudzi.
Mkhalidwe wosamalira Nambat
Nambatas ali pa Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN - gulu lomwe lili pangozi. Mwachilengedwe, anthu osakwana 1000 okhwima ndi omwe atsalira. Ankhandwe ndi mbalame zodya nyama, amphaka amtchire omwe amadya zoperewera, athandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo okhala. Kuphatikiza poonjezera kuchuluka kwa zilombo, moto wowononga pafupipafupi komanso kuwononga malo m'malo ena kumawonjezeranso.
Njira zingapo zotetezera manambala zimaphatikizapo kuswana muukapolo, mapulogalamu obweretsanso, ndikuwongolera madera otetezedwa. Zochita zonse za pulogalamuyi zimathandizira kwambiri pachiwopsezo cha kutha kwa mitunduyi. Koma manambala amapitirirabe.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Chipatso cha rambay chamtunda.
Kunja, Rambai amatha kusokonezeka ndi chipatso china, chomwe chimakhala chofala kwambiri - langsatom. Komabe, rambay ndi a banja lina - euphorbiaceae, limadziwikanso ku Philippines monga ramby ndi mai-fi-farang ku Thailand. Mtengo wotentha uwu ndi mtengo wobiriwira pang'onopang'ono, womwe umatalika mpaka 13 metres, wokhala ndi thunthu lalifupi komanso chikwanje cholimba. Nthambi zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono.
Masamba a rambay ndi owoneka ngati mowonekera, ofika masentimita 33 kutalika kwake ndipo ali ndi mtundu wakuda wobiriwira, wosalala kuchokera kumtunda, wokhala ndi tsitsi laling'ono kumbuyo, lomwe limakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira. Chifukwa cha korona wowonda, mitengo imeneyi nthawi zambiri imabzalidwe m'malo osunthira ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukutira dzuwa.
Zipatso za rambay zimamera, zinasonkhanitsa angapo mumagulu ochititsa chidwi opachika nthambi zakale komanso mwachindunji pamtengo. Chipatso cha rambay ndichopanda mawonekedwe, mpaka masentimita 4.5 kutalika ndi 2.5 mulifupi. Imakutidwa ndi khungu loonda kwambiri ngati mtundu wa lalanje-pinki kapena lofiirira. Pulopu yoyera yoyera imagawidwa mkati mwa zipatsozo m'magawo atatu, pakati pa aliyense pali mbewu yofiirira, yoposa sentimita imodzi kutalika.
Momwe mungadye chipatso cha rambay.
Chipatsochi chimakhala ndi zokoma komanso zowawasa, chitha kufananizidwa ndikusinthasintha ndi mphesa. Akakhwima mawonekedwe, khungu la chipatso limayamba kuzimiririka, ndipo mnofu umayamba kupeza kukoma kwambiri. Rambai amagulitsidwa mwachindunji m'magulu, motero zipatsozo zimakhalabe zowerengeka komanso mawonekedwe atsopano kwa nthawi yayitali.
Rambai amadyedwa popanga mbatata, nthawi zina amatha kupezeka atagulitsa ena, nthawi zambiri nyama mbale. M'malo mwake amapanga vinyo, viniga komanso amasunga zipatsozi. Popeza njere zimangiriridwa zolimba pa pululu, kugwiritsa ntchito rambay ndikutengera nthawi, ndipo zogulitsa ndi mbale kuchokera pamenepo zingakhale zotsika mtengo.
Chakudya
Marsupial anteater amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yokhayo yamtundu wake, womwe umapereka kusiyana pakudya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Awa ndi malo ochepa. Oimira ena osavomerezeka nthawi zina amavomereza mwangozi. Idyani zambiri zomwe nambat imatha kudya tizilombo 20,000 tisanalowe, zomwe ndi pafupifupi 10% ya zolemera zolimbitsa thupi. Ndikovuta kwambiri kupeza chakudya nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chigwa chake chimalowa pansi. Zovala zofowoka sizimalola nyama yolusa kuti itsegule malo amtunda. Koma tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa zikaonekera chifukwa cha malire a nyumba zawo, nyama zomwe zimadya zipatsozo zimatha kuwapatsa mwayi kuti akhale thandizo la chilankhulo chawo.
Muziyang'ana bwino nyama zomwe zimapeza nyamayo imathandizanso kuyamwa. Nambat imeza chakudya chake kuyambira kumutu mpaka kuphazi, osavutika kutafuna kachilomboka.
Zowerengedwa zimawerengedwa ndi chidwi! Osangokhala akatswiri a nyama, komanso ngakhale mboni zina zodya nyamayi, zimati nyamayo imatayiratu chakudyacho ikudya. Ambiri owonera chakudya chake adayesanso kunyamula nyamayo pamwamba pamanja ndikumugunda. Pakuwonetsa kukhudzika koteroko, painonin sanatchule kusakhutira pang'ono.
Nthawi yakukhwima komanso mbadwa
Ngakhale nyengo yamtundu wa anyani ikayamba kumapeto kwa Disembala, abambo amayamba kupanga chinsinsi cha kugonana mu Seputembala chomwe chimakopa chachikazi. Mukudziwa kwanyengo ino, anyamatawa amakhala achangu kwambiri, akumapita kukafunafuna bwenzi, amakonda kuletsa chinsinsi chawo pachitsamba chilichonse ndi mtengo uliwonse. Koma nthawi ina msonkhano udzachitika, nthawi yake imatha osaposa masiku awiri.
Ngati msonkhano wa banjali udatha, chifukwa pali umuna, ndiye kuti pakangotha milungu iwiri mkaziyo amabala mwana. Makanda obadwa kumene a Nambat ndi nthawi yopanda chitetezo. Amabadwa opanda maliseche, ndipo amafanana ndi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi nyongolotsi, omwe kukula kwake sikungokhala (= osadzaza) kuposa 1 cm. Makanda mosamala amayang'ana matupi a amayi, amawagwira mwamphamvu. M'malo moyimitsidwa, ana a nkhandawo amakhala pafupifupi miyezi inayi. Munthawi imeneyi, kukula kwawo kumafika pafupifupi masentimita asanu. Pazaka izi, zazikazi zimasiya ana ake mu dzenje lake, ndikuwachezera usiku wokha. Nambats ali okonzekera moyo wodziyimira yekha ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi inayi, ndipo amatenga chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, mbewuyo imafika paukhanda.
Kulongosola Kwachilengedwe kwa Rambay
Rambai ngati chomera ndi mtengo wobiriwira, womwe umatalika mamita 12 ndi 60 mainchesi. Chimakula pang'onopang'ono, modabwitsa, chili ndi korona wandiweyani. Masamba nthawi zonse amakhala obiriwira, obiriwira, ophatikizika ndi nthambi zokhala ndi petioles lalifupi. Kutalika kwa masamba kuyambira masentimita 15 mpaka 33, m'lifupi ndi kuyambira masentimita 7,5 mpaka 15. Mawonekedwe, masamba ndi ovoid kapena lanceolate, ofunikira komanso amaso. Maluwa ndi achikasu obiriwira achikuda, alibe ma petals, omwe amakhala ndi mabulashi a inflorescence.
Chiwerengero
Zodziwika kale kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa nyama zodyetsera marsupial ndi kuwerengera pafupi kutha. Mavuto owopsa kwambiri adadziwika kumapeto kwa zaka za 70 za zana la makumi awiri. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthumwi za nyama zosowa kwambiri za ku Australia ndizochepera pazonse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zochita za anthu ankhanza, zomwe zidasinthiratu malo okhala nyama zazing'onozi. Pakadali pano, nambat, monga mawonekedwe osowa, akuphatikizidwa ndi Red Book.
Kufotokozera kwa chipatso cha rambay
Mawonekedwe, zipatsozo zimakhala zowulungika, zazitali masentimita 2,5 mpaka 4.5, kukula m'magulu, kukhala ndi peel yofiirira kapena yachikasu kapena mtundu wa lalanje, velvety, yomwe imakwinyika ikacha. Kuguza kwa chipatso ndi koyera kupindika, kumagawika m'magawo, makomedwewo ndi okoma komanso wowawasa. Mkati mwa zipatsozo kutalika kwa 3-5, nthangala zofiirira.
Kufotokozera kwa Nambat
Kutalika kwa nyamayi kumayambira masentimita 17 mpaka 27, ndipo mchirawo umakhala ndi kutalika kwa 13 mpaka 17 sentimita. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Kulemera kwa nyama imodzi kumatha 270 mpaka 550 magalamu. Kukula kumakwaniritsidwa pazaka 11 zakubadwa.
Chovala cha oimira a marsupial anteater banja ndifupi, koma chokulirapo komanso cholimba. Utoto ndi imvi, ofiira ndi tsitsi loyera. Mikwingulo 8 yoyera imakokedwa kumbuyo. Ponena za thupi, nyamazo zimakhala ndi mchira wautali kwambiri komanso wosalala. Mphuno yapamwamba kwambiri imasinthidwa kukumba pansi kuti ipeze chakudya. Lilime lalitali ndodo ndi msampha wabwino kwambiri kwa chiswe chomwe mumakonda.
Nyama yodyetsera marsupial imakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ndikadya chakudya chamadzulo amakonda kugona - nyowetsani dzuwa. Chithunzi choseketsa kwambiri chomuyang'ana: akugona kumbuyo kwake ndi miyendo yotambasuka ndi lilime lotulutsa, amakhala wamaso.
Potentha kwambiri, imabisala masamba kapena kabowo kamtengo. Amakhala ndi tulo kwambiri kotero kuti ngati mungagwire naye m'manja, sangadzuke. Popeza sakhala chilombo chotere, ali pachiwopsezo chofa chifukwa chosasamala. Izi ndizomwe zimachitika makamaka ndi moto wamitchi, womwe siwosowa kwambiri m'malo ake. Nato pang'ono pang'onopang'ono zimatayika pamoto, osakhala ndi nthawi yodzuka nthawi.
Zothandiza pa rambay
Zipatso nthawi zambiri zimadyedwa mwatsopano, koma zimaphatikizidwamo, zamzitini, madzi zimatsanulidwa mwa iwo, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimapangidwa pamaziko awo. Amakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa zipatsozo kukhala zothandiza kuti zikhale bwino zomwe zimakhudza m'mimba thirakiti, mtima ndi mantha.
Makungwa a mbewu amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, pamaziko omwe amakonzekera omwe amachepetsa kutupa m'maso.
Dziwani kuti rambay sanaphunziridwe mokwanira, chifukwa chake, tsatanetsatane wazambiri paz kapangidwe kazomwe zipatso zake, masamba, ndi mbali zina za chomera sizikupezeka. Amadziwika kuti zipatsozo sizisungidwa bwino, zomwe zimachepetsa kutumiza kumayiko akunja kwa Southeast Asia. Chipatsochi chimatha kulawa ngati mutapezeka mumsika wakomweko komwe kulimidwa mbewuyo.
Malo okhala nyama zaku Marsupial
Ndipo mbawala za marsupial zimakhala kuti? Titha kuyankha funso ili pansipa.
Kufikira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, anthu anali ochulukirapo kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Australia. Koma zitatha kulamulidwa ndi Europe kumtunda waukulu, nyama izi zidachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ndipo ambiri aiwo adasunga areola ya malo awo kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa mainland ku mainchekaya, nkhalango za mthethe ndi nkhalango zowala.
Kusankha kwamtunda kwa nyambo zam'madzi zotere sikungokhala kwangozi: Masamba a bulugamu amene agundidwa ndi chimbudzi amaponyedwa pansi. Ndipo izi ndi chakudya chake (mwa zifaniziro) ndi pogona pamtengo. Imatha kuwoneka ikuyenda pansi kapena kusuntha. Nthawi ndi nthawi, amayimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo kuyang'ana uku ndi uku. Akaona mbalame yakudya mlengalenga, afulumira kukabisala.
Chithunzi cha mbawala ya marsupial kwinaku ndikuyang'ana malo omwe chilipo chilipo kumathandizira kulingalira momwe nyamayo imawonekera.
Chinyama cha Nambat. Moyo wa Nambata komanso malo okhala
Zinyama zaku Australia zaka zambiri zimadziwika kuti ndizachilendo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. M'mbuyomu, pafupifupi nyama zonse zinali zogonera. Pakalipano, alipo ochepa.
Pakati pawo amatha kusiyanitsidwa nambata - nyama yaying'ono yam'madzi, yomwe ndiyomwe imayimira mtundu wake. Lero Nambat amakhala kumwera chakumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Australia.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za nyambo ya marsupial
- Murashed si nyama yachilendo ku Australia kokha, komanso yapadera. Amadzuka masana ndipo amagona usiku, zomwe sizichitika kawirikawiri kwa anthu okhala m'makomo.
- Ngati mutha kugwira nyama, ndiye kuti sikuwonetsa kukana, mosiyana ndi ena oimira nyama. Koma mudzalandira ulemu ndi kumuwukitsa, zomwe zidzapereka umboni ku kusakhutira kwake ndi kukondwa kwake.
- Lilime la marsupial la ku Australia lili ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, omwe sagulitsa nyama, komanso kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 10, omwe ali pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa thupi.
- Marsupial anteater amadya zojambula zingapo patsiku - 20,000 zidutswa.
- Kugona kwakeko nkwakukulu komanso kwamphamvu kotero kuti kumatha kufananizidwa ndi makanema oimitsidwa. Kumukweza ndikutheka.
- Mwa zolengedwa zomwe zimapezeka pamtunda, uyu ndiye woimira yekha wokhala ndi mano ambiri - 52 zidutswa. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti pafupifupi sakugwiritsa ntchito, amakonda kumeza chakudya.
Mkhalidwe wa nyama ndi chitetezo chake
Chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe, agalu onyentchera ndi amphaka adawonekera munkhalangomo momwe mumakhala nyama zakutchire, ndipo olosera zouluka sakhala tcheru, kuchuluka kwa anthu a nambat atsika kwambiri. Izi zinali makamaka chifukwa cha kubwera kwa nkhandwe zofiira pa kontrakitala m'ma 1900. Kumapeto kwa zaka 70 zapitazo, anthu pafupifupi 1,000 ndi omwe amapezeka kumwera kwa Australia ndi Northern Territory.
Komanso kufutukula kwa ntchito zaulimi waanthu zakhudza kutha kwa nyama zakuthengo. Mahuni ndi alimi adawotcha nthambi zowuma, nthambi, ndi zotsalira pamitengo yodulidwa. Zotsatira zake, ambiri omwe amagona tsekwe mu nthambi izi ndi zitsamba adawotchedwa chifukwa chosasamala.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumawasungidwa, komwe kumapangitsa kuti zinyama zizichulukirachulukira.
Kutalika kwa nyama kumafika zaka 4-6.
Nambat ndi nyama yomwe yatchulidwa mu Buku Lofiyira, ili ndi mtundu wa "osatetezeka", ndiye kuti watsala pang'ono kutha.
Pomaliza za nyama yodabwitsa
Lero tinadziwana ndi nyama yapadera kuchokera ku kontrakitala ya Australia - marsupial anteater. Ichi ndi nyama yosangalatsa potengera mawonekedwe ake. Sitha kuchita zachiwawa komanso kudziteteza. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ake a Red Book, mosakayikira, nkoyenera kuchitira chisangalalo chilombo ichi mosangalatsa komanso chisamaliro. Kupulumutsa miyoyo ya Red Book nyama ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu.