Crested Palamedea (Chauna torquata) osati ngati nthumwi zina za ma Anseriformes oderawo. Mbalame yayikuluyi (kutalika mpaka 90 cm, kulemera kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 kg) imawoneka ngati nkhuku. Kwambiri kwambiri, miyendo yopanda chala, zala zazitali, kupezeka kwa chala chakumbuyo komanso kusapezeka kwa ziwalo zosambira pakati pa zala kusiyanasiyana ndi Anseriform palammedia. Mlomo wa pelamen ndi wocheperako komanso wokhota kumapeto kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale ngati nkhuku. Zambiri mwa mbalame zachilendozi ndizofewa, thupi limakutidwa ndi nthenga ndikukulira pansi pake. Mapiko a ma palametes ndiwotalika, khola la mapikowo pali spurs awiri amphamvu - iyi ndi njira yawo yotetezera.

Kugawa ndi zakudya

Zagawidwa adalamulira palamedea m'malo otentha komanso madera a South America: ku Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil ndi Uruguay. Amakhala m'malo otentha, nyanja zam'madzi komanso zithaphwi. A Palamede samasambira kapena kudumphira m'madzi. Amanyamuka kwambiri, koma amatha kukwera pamwamba pa nkhalango ndikuwuluka kwa nthawi yayitali. Pelamedeans amadya zakudya zam'mera, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa m'madzi ndi pamtunda.

Kuswana

Kwa nthawi yayitali chaka chatha, mitundu yodabwitsayi, imakhala m'magulu akulu, ikumagawika pawiri pokhapokha pakubzala. Zisa zamadzimadzi zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzomera zimamera pamwamba pamadzi pamtunda wambiri. Mchenga wawo umakhala ndi mazira 6 amtundu wachikasu amtundu wachikasu, womwe mkazi amakhala nawo masiku pafupifupi 45. Chingwe chokhala ndi chikasu chakuda chachikuda chimachoka pachisa masiku angapo atanyamuka, ndipo pakatha masiku 60-75, mbalame zazing'ono zili kale pa mapiko.

Zizindikiro zakunja za paramitia zochokera

Paramitia wokondedwa ndi mbalame yayikulu. Thupi lake limakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 19 mpaka 22, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafikira magalamu 36-61.

Nthenga zodzaza ndi mawonekedwe a passerines amadzuka pamutu, ndikupanga mawonekedwe oyimbidwa. Masanjidwe R. m. olivacea amadziwika ndi crest yayitali komanso kupezekapo pang'ono kwa nthenga zoyera pamutu.

Tufted paramitia (Paramythia montium).

Kukhazikika kwa oyendetsa parates

Ma paramitia okhala ndi mapiri okhala amakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira zazipatso zobiriwira. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, nkhalango zazikulu zam'mapiri, nkhalango zazitali za zitsamba. Imakwera m'mapiri kuchokera kutalika kwamamita 2150, koma makamaka pamtunda wa 2450 metres.

Crested paramitia ndi mbalame yolimba komanso yamphamvu.

Subspecies Crested Paramitia

R. m. olivacea amagawika ku New Guinea. R. m. Alpina amakhala kumapiri kumtunda kwa mapiri a Snowy komanso ku New Guinea. R. m. Montium amakhala kumapiri a New Guinea. R. m. brevicauda amapezeka kumapiri a Huon Peninsula kumpoto kwa New Guinea.

Ngakhale ndizambiri zowala, ma paramitala sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nzika kapena alendo kuti apange miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi komwe sikunakhalepobe, koma palibe chomwe chikuwopseze padziko lonse lapansi.

Mtunduwu uli ndi magawidwe osiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Ma paramitia omwe awonongedwa samayandikira kufalikira kwamitundu yambiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu sichikuchepa mwachangu kuti ayandikire chisonyezo (> 30% kuchepa m'zaka khumi kapena mibadwo itatu). Pazifukwa izi, paramitia odutsa amawerengedwa kuti ndi amtundu omwe alibe zoopsa zambiri.

Nthawi yomweyo, pali malo ena otayika, koma osafunikira kotero kuti angayambitse kudera nkhawa kwa anthu omwe akuchita ziwonetserozo.

Crested (Collared) Palamedea - Chauna torquata

Kutalika kwa 94 masentimita, kulemera kwa 4.4 makilogalamu, mapiko a masentimita 170. Mtunduwo ndiwosavuta kumaso ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika kapena mapiko ake, mapiko ndi nsana wake amakhala abulauni pamwamba, mapiko akuwonekera pansipa, kuthawa kwawo kumawoneka akuda ndi oyera. Kola yakuda ndi yoyera ya nthenga zazifupi imapangidwa, ndikupanga "kuzindikira" pakati pa khosi.

Amakhala kum'mwera kwa kontrakitalaku kuyambira ku Bolivia ndi kumwera kwa Brazil mpaka pakati pa Argentina. Mbalame yodziwika bwino ya papas. Pa kulira kwamitundu iwiri, palamedea iyi imatchedwa "tiyi", "chunya" kapena "tacha".

Nthawi yobereketsa imayamba kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Novembala; ndipo nthawi zambiri mazira 3-5 amakhala ochepa. M'madera ena nomadna, nthawi ya nomadism imatengera chilala.

11.10.2019

The crested palamedea, kapena tiyi (lat. Chauna torquata) ndi mbalame yayikulu yochokera ku banja la Spur atsekwe (Anhimidae) wa Anseriformes a dongosolo. Wachibale wake wapamtima amaonedwa kuti ndiye tsekwe woposa theka la miyendo (Anseranas semipalmata). Ali munthawi zowopsa kapena kusangalala kwambiri amalira kukuwa mokuwa kwambiri komwe kumamveka patali kwa 3 km.

Chaya, dzina lodziwika ku South America, amachokera ku chilankhulo cha ku America cha Native American cha guarani. Amatuluka ngati onomatopoeia kulira kwa mbalame, ndipo m'Chirasha amatanthauzidwa kuti "run" kapena "atas". Chifukwa chake mbalame nthawi zambiri zimadziwitsa nzika zawo za momwe zimadyera ndi kuwalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kuti athawe. M'mabuku achingerezi amatchedwa "akukuwa".

Mtunduwu udayamba kufotokozedwa ngati Chaja torquata mu 1816 ndi Lorenz Ocken, katswiri wachilengedwe waku Germany waku Swiss.

Khalidwe

Crested palamedei amatsogolera moyo wokhala padziko lapansi. Amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri kapena m'magulu ochepera anthu osapitilira 10.

Mbalame zimatha kuuluka, koma pokhapokha. Masana masana, amasunthasuntha mosasamala kufunafuna edigles. Madzulo amasonkhana kuti akhale m'mitengomo kwa usiku umodzi.

Pansi, mbalame zimayenda mosavuta ndipo zimatha kuthamanga mwachangu ngati zikufunika. Alibe ziwalo zosambira pakati pa zala zawo, zomwe sizimawalepheretsa kuti akhale osambira abwino.

Masana, ma palamede okhala ndi chisamaliro amalipira chidwi kwambiri ndikuyeretsa maula awo. Amatsuka nthenga zawo ndi milomo yawo.

Mbalamezi ndizobiriwira ndipo zimateteza mwamphamvu malo otetezeka kunyumba kuti zisagwidwe. Pakakhala zoopsa, amaloza makosi awo ndikuyamba kuzungulira mozungulira, ndikuwonetsa mivi yawo yakuthwa. Kudziteteza, amawasenzetsa mabala ngati lumo.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Maziko a chakudya ndi masamba, mbewu ndi mbewu za m'madzi am'madzi. Zakudya zamasamba zimakwaniritsidwa ndi tizilombo, akangaude, centipedes ndi crustaceans yaying'ono. Ana aang'ono amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Kudyetsa kumayamba m'mawa kwambiri ndikutha kumapeto kwa tsiku. Nthawi zambiri imapangidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'madzi osaya.

The psteded palamedea amakonda kuyang'ana moyo m'matope kapena kusefa madzi akuda. Tsiku lililonse limapita kumalo othirira kuti muchepetse ludzu lanu ndi madzi akumwa oyera.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi 75-95 cm, ndi mapiko a 150-170 masentimita 150. Kulemera 2700-4400 g. Amuna ndi akulu komanso olemera kuposa zazikazi. Kuwala kwa dimorphism pamtundu wa manambala kulibe. Zowonjezerazo ndi zofiirira komanso za mtundu wakuda, mbali yamkatiyo imapangidwa utoto kapena wazungu. Mphete zazikulu zakuda ndi zopyapyala zimawonekera pakhosi.

Mphamvu yokhala ndi miyendo yayitali imasinthidwa kuti iziyenda mu marshland kapena zomera zam'madzi. Malangizo a mapiko amakhala otambasuka mpaka 5 cm.

Mutu wocheperako umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, owongoka pang'ono. Pafupifupi maso muli khungu loyera. Mlomo ndi waufupi, wopindika komanso wowoneka bwino. Mchenga ndi wachikasu kapena lalanje, ana amakhala amdima.

Miyendo yayitali yapakidwa utoto. Mawamba ndi imvi.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa palamedea wopusitsidwa ndi zaka 9 mpaka 12.