Serval amatanthauza mitundu Leptailurus serva kapena shrubby mphaka. Mokwanira pali magulu 14 achidwi a mdani uyu. Amakhala zachilengedwe ku Africa, pafupifupi kudera lake, ndipo ndizofala ku West ndi East ku kontrakitala iyi. Kwa moyo, ma servals amasankha steppe ndi savannah, m'mapululu kapena m'malo omwe amakhala ndi kotentha komanso kotentha satha kupezeka.
Kukhala ndi moyo wapayekha komanso nthawi yamadzulo. Pachimake pa zochita zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku zimachitika m'mawa kwambiri ndi madzulo. Sadziwa kukwera mitengo, amasaka udzu wautali, kulumpha kwawo kuli pafupifupi mikono itatu. Satha kuthamangitsa nyama zawo, makoswe ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono, sichimakonda mbalame.
Amakhala pafupi ndi madzi, amasambira bwino, amatha kusaka nsomba ndi mafoni amadzi.
Pathupi, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amadya limodzi masiku angapo. Zikafika pakubereka, zazikazi zimagwiritsa ntchito zotchingira kapena kumanga zisa mu udzu. Nthawi zambiri kulibe malitwana opitirira atatu mu zinyalala. Amuna okwatirana ndi anthu ena a pabanja. Mwachitsanzo, ma hybrids achilengedwe okhala ndi caracal amadziwika - Cervicals and Caravals.
Seral anaphedwa kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo mpaka pano khungu lake lowoneka nalo limayamikiridwa kwambiri, ndipo m'malo ena a mu Africa nyama yake imadyedwa.
Mapulogalamu apamwamba akumpoto Leptailurus serva amalembedwa mu Red Book ngati mtundu wowopsezedwa. Kutengera ntchito yachiwiri ya CITES - Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse mu Zinyama Zakutchire ndi Zomera Zodwala. Kupezeka kwa chilombo chogwiritsa ntchito nambala yachiwiri ikuwonetsa kuti kugulitsidwa kwa njirayi kumaloledwa, koma kuli m'manja mwa boma.
Katundu waku Africa anachitidwa ku Egypt. Anatenga nawo mbali posaka nyama zazing'ono limodzi ndi anthu, kuteteza nyumba ku njoka ndi makoswe.
Mbiri yakuwonekera kwa nkhwangwa iyi ku Europe ndi America idayambira zaka zoyambira zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, iwo adabweretsa kumeneko ndikuzembetsa.
Amuna okwatirana mosavuta ndi amphaka wamba, omwe akhala nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi anthu. Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Savannah, lero wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi (m'mbuyomu anali Maine Coons), adawachotsa pakuwoloka ndi Abyssinian.
Maonekedwe
Nyamakazi ya ku Africa kuno si nyama wamba, ndi nyama yakuthengo. Awo. awa si amphaka amphaka, monga ambiri amakhulupirira. Ikasungidwa mnyumbamo, machitidwe ena achinyengo, mwachitsanzo, TICA, imatha kupereka chikalata ku serval chomwe ndichofunikira kwa opereka. Koma amphaka awa sangatenge nawo mbali pazowonetsera, zowoneka nthawi zambiri zopanda maulendo oyenda, alibe mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe.
Kufotokozera kokwanira ka mawonekedwe a Serval:
- Kukula kwakukulu - mpaka 65 masentimita kufota.
- Kutalika kwa thupi limodzi ndi mchira wake kuli mpaka 1.5 m.
- Mchira wake ndi wocheperako - mpaka 45 cm.
- Kulemera kutengera zachikhalidwe komanso mawonekedwe makamaka - kuchokera pa 7 mpaka 20 kg.
- Miyendo ndi yayitali, yopanda minyewa, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyitali kuposa yakutsogolo.
- Thupi limakhalanso lokwera komanso lopanda minofu.
- Mutu wake ndi wocheperako, wamapangidwe atatu.
- Khosi limakhala lochepera komanso lalitali.
- Makutu ali okhazikika, akulu, pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzake. Malamba oyera, omwe amatchedwa "maso", amawonekera kumbuyo kwa khutu, ana amphaka amawayang'ana akayenda mumdima kuti atsatire amayi awo.
- Maso ndi ozungulira, apakati kukula, achikasu kapena obiriwira.
- Chovala chimakhala chachifupi komanso chonyezimira, chimagwirizana ndi thupi, popanda undercoat.
- Mtundu wowala. Kuwala kwake kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wake, motero nyama yolusa ya steppe ili ndi kamvekedwe ka khungu la lalanje, malo akuda ndi okwera kwambiri, m'mimba mwayera. Munkhokwe zamtchire, mtundu wake ndi wambiri. Ma serval osowa kwambiri amasungunuka, i.e. amphaka ndi akuda kwathunthu ndipo ma alubino ndi oyera.
- Amakhala zachilengedwe pafupifupi zaka 15, koma zikasungidwa mnyumbamo, nthawi imeneyi imatha kutalikitsa.
Chithunzi chaching'ono cha ojambula:
Mr. Cat akutsimikizira: Kukwiya kwa kudzipereka
Serval ndi amodzi mwa amphaka ochepa omwe amakhala osinthika komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino. Izi zimangogwira ntchito yokhazikitsidwa, kubadwa ndi kuleredwa muukapolo waukapolo. Kuti aletse nyama yotereyi, abusa odziwa ntchito, atalandira kittens kuchokera kumalo obisalamo, amakakamizidwa kuti awachotse kwa mayi wawo ali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Kuperekanso zakudya kumachitika kuchokera ku botolo ndikusintha pang'ono pang'ono kupita ku chakudya china.
Nthawi yonseyi, mphaka amazolowera manja ambuye wawo, amanunkhira komanso mawu a nyumba ya anthu. Nthawi zambiri, mwa kuleredwa moyenera, ana amakhala ochezeka ndipo amakhala ndi luso lomwe limawapangitsa kukhala abwenzi abwino a mwiniwakeyo.
Ziweto zochokera ku Africa kuno zimakhala ndi zosiyana:
- Wamtendere, samazunza munthu.
- Zosewerera komanso mafoni, makamaka m'mawa ndi nthawi yamadzulo.
- Onetsetsani kuti mwadzuka nyumba yonse ndi masewera ake mpaka 5 mpaka 7 m'mawa. Chifukwa chake, kugona.
- Ochenjera kwambiri, anzeru kwambiri kuposa agalu ndi amphaka ambiri.
- Amakhala wolimba mwamphamvu ndi eni ake.
- Amakonda kulankhula komanso kusewera ndi anthu onse pabanja.
- Wosamala komanso wamanyazi pokhudzana ndi alendo. Pakadziwika anthu osadziwika, iye amachoka ndikabisala.
- Simuyenera kuyambitsa chizolowezi chotere ngati muli ndi ana ang'ono mnyumba mwanu omwe amatha kuwopa pet ndi mawu akulu ndipo samamvetsetsa akakhala kuti akupweteka. Mwana akakhala bwino ndi mphaka, ndiye kuti adzakhala abwenzi abwino ndi othandizirana nawo pamasewera.
- Zimakhala bwino ndi ziweto zina zomwe zimakhala mnyumbamo, ochezeka kwa aliyense.
- Kuti muzolowere nyumba yatsopanoyo ndi mwini wake, serval imatenga nthawi yambiri, nthawi zina mpaka mwezi. Mwiniwakeyo ayenera kukhala woleza mtima.
- Amakonda masewera am'madzi ndi masewera akunja.
- Nthawi zambiri amakonda kukwera ndi kugona pamalo okwera, chifukwa chake amafunika nsanja zazitali.
- Osaganiza mokwanira, sangayime mokweza komanso kuwononga kwakuthupi.
- Amakonda kusewera ndi kugona ndi mwiniwake, kudya kuchokera m'manja mwake.
- Amakonda kuyenda maulendo ataliitali, kuyambira ali aang'ono bwino.
- Zosowa mosalekeza - chiwetocho chimafunikira kukwatulidwa ndikakanda kumbuyo kwa makutu, poyankha chidzakhala chachikulu komanso chambiri.
- Imatha kudumphira pamtunda kuchokera pamtunda (mpaka mamita atatu), pofuna chitetezo cha chiweto, zinthu zonse zong'ambika ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Chifukwa cha kupsa mtima komanso kukula kwake, serval iyenera kusungidwa mnyumba yokhala ndi malo akulu komanso apamwamba. Nyumba wamba simalo abwino koposa chiweto chotere, eni ake ndi nyamayo adzavutika.
Zapakhomo: chisamaliro ndi maphunziro
Zoyenera kukonza pokonza chiweto chodetsa nkhawa ngati izi:
- Dera lalikulu la nyumbayo, kudenga lokwera. Mphaka wamkulu uyu sangathe kukhala m'chipinda chaching'ono. Ndipo popeza imakonda kugona pamalo apamwamba, chinyama chachikulu chimafunikira kukonzekeretsa chisa chodalirika komanso chokhazikika pamtunda wa mamita awiri kapena atatu. Madzulo, chiweto sichisangalala kugona pamenepo.
- Mphaka uyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chomwe mulibe makabati akuluakulu komanso mashelufu momwe iye amatha kudumphira. Mwambiri, simuyenera kusiyira khanda lanu osakondedwa.
- Ndikofunikira kugawa chipinda chocheperako kwa serval chogona - ndibwino kukhala ndi chipinda chonse. Ndi nyama zamadzulo, amadzuka kunyumba m'mawa kwambiri ndikuzilepheretsa kugona mochedwa. Ndi maora awa pomwe pachimake pazomwe amachita tsiku ndi tsiku kuthengo kugwa. Komabe, simungachisiye chiweto chokha kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuti chitukuko chikuyenda bwino, ayenera kukhala ndi anthu nthawi zonse. Ngati alendo abwera, simuyenera kuytseka nokha - mphakayu adzazindikira izi ngati chilango ndipo adzakhumudwitsidwa.
- Mumsewu pamayenera kukhala chiwonetsero chazoyenda pawokha nthawi yachisanu. Mphaka uyu, ngati galu, amakonda kuyenda ndi mwini wake atangotuluka, koma nthawi yotentha kapena masiku a masika, amasangalala kusewera m'mphepete mwake mumsewu pafupi ndi nyumbayo.
- Muyenera kugula zimbudzi zazikuluzikulu ziwiri. Kwa wamkulu wamkulu, tray yayikulu kwambiri iyenera kuperekedwa - pafupifupi mita imodzi masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Mwanayo amazolowera tray mwachangu, koma amagwiritsa ntchito ziwiri nthawi imodzi pazosowa zosiyanasiyana. Mwachilengedwe, mphaka wa ku Africa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi malo awiri achimbudzi.
- Sikoyenera kumangotukwana, kumangoleketsa kumenyedwa, akapanda kukumba pansi pake, mwina chimbudzi chinali chodetsedwa. Amphaka awa amamvetsetsa bwino ngati afotokoza zolakwa zawo modekha, mosadukiza.
- Zinyalala, nyumba, nyumba zamagetsi ziyenera kulamulidwa palokha. Kwa amphaka achikululi, malonda athu sapereka chilichonse.
- Ma mbale a madzi ndi chakudya ayenera kugulidwa m'makakulu, makamaka m'matope kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
- Kuphika kwapadera kwapakati kwakukulukulukulu pakayendera kachipatala chazinyama. Sikuti amangolola kuti galuatsegule pakamwa pake, komanso kutseka maso ake. Mu chipangizo chotere, kuchuluka kwa nkhawa pomwe dokotala adzachezera chiweto kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
- Collar, harness, leash. Kuyambira ali aang'ono, ndikofunikira kuzolowera kitikazi ku izi, ndiye kuti amasangalala kuyenda ndi mwini wake.
- Mufunika mufiriji yayikulu yosungirako chakudya. Wantchito amadya nyama yaiwisi, ndipo imayenera kukhala yozizira. Zabwinonso, khalani ndi kamera yomwe imatha kuziziritsa pa kutentha kwa madigiri seshasi makumi anayi. Pankhaniyi, pafupifupi mabakiteriya onse omwe amapezeka mu nyama yaiwisi amafa.
- Palibe chisamaliro chapadera chokhala ngati choko chomwe chimafunikira. M'chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika chidebe chachikulu ndi madzi pamalo otetezedwa; potentha, chiwetocho chimakhala chosangalala kuphatikiza.
Zakudya zoyenera komanso thanzi la Wantchito wanyumba
Kuthengo, Seral imagwira ndikudya nyama zing'onozing'ono: makoswe osiyanasiyana, maula, asayansi, mbalame, ngakhale mbalame zamoto. Inde, amadya nyama yake limodzi ndi khungu, ubweya, milomo ndi zibwano, motero amapeza zinthu zofunika kuzichita bwino.
Kunyumba, muyenera kudyetsa chiweto chanu ndi nyama yaiwisi basi, pamodzi ndi mafupa ndi khungu - mitembo ndi mitu ya mbalame zilizonse, komanso nyama yamwana wamchere, ndi yangwiro. Palibe chifukwa choti muyenera kuphika nyama. Nyama yophika ndi nyama yakudya siyingatengeke, ndipo mafupa okwanira amakhala owopsa m'mimba.
Nyama yaiwisi, kuti muchepetse kuthekera kwa matenda opatsirana m'matumbo, iyenera kukhala oundana, nadzatsuka ndi madzi ambiri atatha kutha. Nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kuphatikiza nsomba zam'madzi kapena zam'mtsinje pazakudya.
Nthawi zina, chakudya chamoyo chizipatsidwa - mbewa, zinziri, ndi nkhuku zatsiku ndi tsiku. Pambuyo pamathandizidwe otere, momwe zimasinthidwira petulo zimamera kwambiri, zimakhala zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa.
Osayesa kudyetsa chakudya chouma cha serval kapena zakudya zam'chitini. Iye sangawadye. Kudya kwamkati wamtchire sazindikira zakudya zotere.
Zinyama zakutchire ku Africa, monga amphaka onse, zimayenera kulandira udzu nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugula mbewu zapadera ku malo ogulitsa ziweto kapena nthawi zina perekani kabichi ya masamba ndi masamba letesi.
Mavitamini, monga zakudya zowonjezera calcium ndi taurine, ndizofunikira kwa mphaka komanso mphaka wachikulire. Gwero labwino la calcium ndi mazira a zinziri, ndipo amaphatikizidwa kuchakacho ndi chipolopolo. Calcium, magnesium, potaziyamu ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa kitten. Ngozi yokhayo yomwe Seral akukula ndi kusowa kwa miyendo yosalimba. Pazifukwa zomwezo, muyenera kuteteza chiweto chanu kuti chisalumphe kuchokera kumtunda waukulu. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa eni omwe amphaka azaka zomwe amaphwanya achinyamata.
Gwero lathanzi la mwana wokula msanga ndi vitamini D. Kuyenda mlengalenga tsiku lotentha dzuwa ndiye gwero lake labwino. M'nyengo yotentha, chiwetocho chimakhala nthawi yayitali pamavuto ake.
Kupanda kutero, amphaka awa samadandaula za thanzi. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kumakhala kosavuta kulekerera.
Monga mphaka aliyense, chiweto cha ku Africa chimayenera kuswedwa pafupipafupi, kamodzi kamodzi miyezi itatu. Katemera pachaka polimbana ndi matenda a chiwewe komanso matenda. Katemera woyamba amaperekedwa m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, pakatha mwezi umodzi kubwezeretsanso. M'tsogolomu, ma servi amatemera katemera kamodzi pachaka. Werengani za katemera wa amphaka ndi amphaka, komanso ana amphaka.
Amakhala wokhumudwa kwambiri kuchotsa zopeka za nyama iyi (njira yotchedwa zofewa za paws). Izi ndizopweteka kwambiri ndipo zimangovulaza petayo. Ngati zolakwika za mphaka zikuvutitsa, muyenera kudzipatula, kapena kukaona oyang'anira veterinarian kawiri pamwezi pazolinga izi.
Mtengo wa Kitten
Kupeza ndikusamalira a Seral ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Muyenera kudziwa izi musanagule. Kutumikiridwa m'nyumba ndi chizindikiro cha chuma komanso ulemu. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti awa si chidole chopanda moyo, koma cholengedwa chokhala pangozi.
Mtengo wa mphaka wa nyama zodya ku Africa kuno ndi wokwera. Ku Russia, imayamba kuchokera ku ruble theka miliyoni. Ku United States, komwe malo okulera ambiri amakhala, amatha kukhala apamwamba.
Ndi zoletsedwa kugula galu kuchokera kwa anthu osawerengeka - pali kuthekera kwakukulu kokweza nyama yodwala yomwe ikubweretsedwa ndikugulitsa. Kuti musankhe mphaka, muyenera kubwera ku nazale inunso, lankhulani ndi woweta, onetsetsani thanzi la makolo ndi mwana, ndikuthana ndi mavuto azakudya zoyenera komanso kukonza.
M'dziko lathu, malamulo osungira nyama zakuthengo kunyumba akutsatiridwa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chiweto cham'tsogolo chimabadwa chachikazi ndi chachimuna chopezeka ku Russia. Pamodzi ndi mwana wamphaka muyenera kulandira pasipoti yake ya Chowona Chanyama ndi satifiketi yoyambira.
Mbiri yakale yakubadwa
Kugwira ntchito panyumba ndikofunika chifukwa imawoneka ngati mphaka wamtchire. Inde, kwenikweni, ndi mphaka wamtchire, yemwe adaganiza zokhala m'nyumba yabwino kwakanthawi. Komwe kubadwa kwa mphaka wa Serval ndi Africa. Pa kontinenti yotentha, katundu wawo, woyamba kwambiri, watsika m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa ubweya wokongola wa amphaka umakopa ozembetsa.
Masiku ano pali mitundu 14 ya zomera zamtchire, zomwe zimasiyana mitundu. Osati kale kwambiri, obereketsa anapeza kuti amzawo ndi okhazikika mwanjira iliyonse (ngati mungafikire nkhaniyi mwanzeru).
Chifukwa chake panali mautumiki apanyumba.
Muthanso kukonda nkhani ya mphaka wa ku Bengal.
Kufotokozera kwa mtundu wa antchito
Ogwira ntchito zapakhomo, ngati nthumwi yonyada ya kontinenti "yakuda", adapatsa mafani ake mwayi wosilira kukongola kwawo ku Africa komanso maonekedwe awo. Inde, iye ndi wadyera, ndipo mawonekedwe ake onse adapangidwa kuti azitha kusaka ndi kuukira. Mulingo wofuna kubereka sunakonzedwenso bwino, koma chilengedwe chomwechi chimakhala ndi zina.
- Makanda amtundu wokhala ndi mutu wawung'ono. Koma makutu, poyerekeza ndi thupi lonse, ndi akulu komanso apamwamba, omveka bwino mkati, kunja kwake amakutidwa ndi mikwaso yakuda ndi yoyera:
- mphuno ndi mphuno ndi zokulirapo,
- maso ooneka ngati amondi kuchokera pansi ndi mawonekedwe a boomerang pachikuto chakumaso,
- vibrissa mapiritsi amatchulidwa, vibrissa ndizokakamiza, ndiwotsika komanso lalitali.
- Kukula kwa thupi la serval ndikochepa. Makamaka tikayerekeza ndi amphaka ena akuthambo ku Africa. Koma poyerekeza ndimphaka wamba wamphaka, servals ndi zimphona. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kukhoza kufika mita.
Mchira wake ndi wokulirapo komanso wamfupi (25-25 cm).
Amphaka awa ndi zitsanzo zapamwamba. Miyendo yawo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa mzere wonse (molingana ndi thupi), miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyitali kuposa kutsogolo.
Kusiyana komwe kwatchulidwa ndikuwonekeratu, koma iyi si mndandanda wonse wazomwe zikuchitika. Kulemera kwa "ana" kuyambira 8 mpaka 18 kg.
- Kutanthauzira kwa chovala cha serval ndi chofanana ndi cha cheetah. Chilombocho chimakutidwa ndi malo owoneka bwino omwe amaphatikiza kumbuyo kukhala mikwingwirima. Pa chifuwa, pamimba ndi pakapukutira utoto wowoneka bwino. Utoto wa ubweya pawokha umatha kukhala wosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pamchenga mpaka bulauni.
Chovalacho chimakhala chachifupi, chachilendo, chofewa komanso chonyezimira.
Zaumoyo
Ngati mwana wamphaka wokondedwa wanu ali m'manja mwanu, onetsetsani kuti salumikizanso kuchokera kumtunda waukulu - miyendo ndi miyendo yake ndi yosalimba ndipo pali kuvulala kwamiyendo kwambiri.
Yang'anani pamipando ya chiweto chanu. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti nthawi yakumveka kulira kwa alamu? Ngati zopweteka zowirikiza kawiri ngati matenda am'mimba zikuchitika, ndiye kuti mungalumikizane ndi veterinarian wanu nthawi yomweyo.
Amphaka awa ayenera kulandira katemera, komanso chilichonse cham'nyumba chamiyendo inayi.
Zofunika! Katemera wa serval sayenera kukhala ndi ma virus omwe amagwira ntchito. Mtengo wa cholakwika ndi moyo wa nyama!
Ntchito zimagwira gawo. Nthawi zina mpaka nthawi 50 pa ola limodzi! Inde, njirayi imayendetsedwa ndi fungo losasangalatsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake kuponyedwa, pamenepa, ndikofunikira. Amphaka amakomedwa ndi zipsera azaka 1, ndipo amphaka - pa miyezi 7-8.
Ogwira ntchito zapakhomo amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa mnzake wakuthengo. Kutalika kwa moyo wa khungwa yanyumba ndi zaka 15- 20.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Pali zidule zingapo zosavuta zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza nyama yabwino komanso yotetezeka ku mphaka ya akapolo. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudyetsa mphaka kuchokera m'manja - chifukwa chake, mphakayo amaphatikiza mawonekedwe anu ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa ndipo adzamva kukhala otetezeka pamaso panu.
Cinyengo cina cabwino ndikusewera ndi mwana wagona pansi. Maso anu akakhala pamodzimodzi, seva sikukuwona kuti ikuwopsezeni.
Akatswiri azindikiritsa malamulo atatu oyambirira a maphunziro a masewerawa:
- musalole iwo kusewera ndi mikono kapena miyendo,
- Osamakalipa kukati, amamvetsetsa gululi. Ndipo NGAKHALE samenya chiweto. Sadzakhululuka
- ngati zachitika kuti mphaka wa galuyo adasewera kwambiri ndikuvulaza kwambiri, ndiye m'malo momutsutsa, ingomusiyani. Adzalowa ndikubwera ndi kulapa.
Kudyetsa
Muyenera kudyetsa masewerawa kuti asakhumbe ku savannah aku Africa. Kuthengo, akapolo amadya makoswe (ambiri chakudya), akhwangwala, mbalame, ndi njoka zochepa, abuluzi, ndi tizilombo. Zachidziwikire, simuyenera kugwira ziwala za mphaka.
Ndikokwanira kupanga mndandanda wabwinobwino wa nyama yaiwisi yokhala ndi mafupa (itha kukhala nkhuku, zinziri, zochotsa) komanso monga kuyamika kuchokera kwa ophika kuti apereke mavitamini apadera ndi calcium. Komanso, perekani zakudya zamafuta abwino kwambiri.
Zakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku zomwe munthu wamkulu sangapeze zimafikira pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 0.5 a nyama.
Pomaliza ponena za mtundu
Kuti mumve bwino za mtundu wa amphaka amtundu wa Africa Serviceal, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mtundu uwu umawoneka bwanji ngati agalu!
Amayamba kuyenda mosavuta, atapirira, amatha kuchita malamulo ovuta komanso amakhala ochezeka ndi nyama zina ... ngati ali ofanana nawo. Mwanjira ina, musatchule galu kapena mphaka - kusaka zokhazokha ndizotheka ndipo ndi okhawo omwe angatsalire m'nyumba mwanu.
Oimira mtunduwu, chifukwa cha kuvulaza mipando, ali okonzeka kugwirira ntchito pamodzi ndi kafadala wamakungwa - kotero chikondi cha serval kutafuna zonse. Komanso kubudula, kutembenuza ndikuphwanya. Mwambiri, mphakayu amafunika malo ndi malo oti "ayende". Palibe chifukwa musalangize wogwiritsa ntchito khate lake - chifukwa chake mudzakwaniritsa zotsalazo, ndikwiyitsanso zida zapamwamba.
Khalani okonzekera kuti mphaka wa ma serval amatenga gawo pafupifupi ma 50 pa ola limodzi ndikuganiza zakuponyedwa munthawi.
Mwa kukakamizidwa, titha kulangizani kusamba kwa serval nthawi zambiri - amakonda madzi. Koma zotukwana - sizimakonda, chifukwa chake sungathe kuyitanitsa ma servs kuti asagonje.
Wantchito alibe matenda obadwa nawo.
Ndemanga za eni a mtundu wotchedwa Seral
Yulia: "Ndine woweta ma seva ndipo ndimathamangira kunena kuti sindinawone mtundu wowoneka bwino komanso wokongola kwambiri. Amphaka ndi amphaka anga amamvetsetsa bwino malamulo. Ndi mawu olimba mtima okwanira kuti tinene: idyani, yendani, chimbudzi, simungathe - ndipo amphaka amatsata malangizo. Amphaka aku Africa timagona nafe pabedi lomwelo ndipo ndi ochezeka. Nthawi zonse, mtundu wachifumu! ”
Olya: “Amphaka athu amphaka woyamba amandichititsa mantha. Tidamutenga ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndipo nthawi zonse ankangokhalira kulira komanso kukalipira kwa ine ndi kwa mwamuna wake. Koma kenako kuleza mtima ndi kupirira kwathu zidasokoneza machitidwe ake oyipawo. Lero wayimilira kubisala m'makona a nyumba, kusewera zonse ndi zoseweretsa zake ndipo nthawi zina amapitanso kumalo odyera ndi ife! ”
Ilya ndi Elena: "Asya wathu ndi mwana wathu. Timam'pukuta mosalekeza, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito. Posachedwa, ndidamupangira, zikuwoneka, mzinda wonse m'malo mwa nyumba imodzi. Awa ndi gulu la magawo angapo momwe mphaka wathu amathandizira luso lake losaka. Timamupitanso pamaulendo ndipo Asya adakonzedwa bwino m'mahotela onse. Palibe vuto ndi mphaka uyu akamayenda - modekha amayenda mopupuluma, amazolowera tray yatsopano. "
Kodi kugula mphaka?
Kuti abweretse mnzake weniweni kuchokera ku maofesi, obereketsa amalimbikitsa kutenga mphaka pakati pa wazaka 1 mpaka theka mpaka miyezi isanu. Mwana wakhanda akakula, zimakhala zosavuta kukulitsa bwenzi lokhulupirika pompano.
Kuti mugule, kulumikizana ndi malo ogulitsa makola ogulitsa kapena oswetsa mbiri yabwino, chifukwa simupeza hamster, ndipo mtengo wake si "mbewa".
Mtengo wofiira ndi ma ruble 450,000. Kodi ndingagule zotsika mtengo? Inde, ndizotheka, koma osati kuti mphaka wogula amadzakulitsa mphaka wokhazikika bwino.
Ku Ukraine, ku Russia, komanso mdziko lapansi, serval ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yosowa kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe amtunduwo, komanso machitidwe a zomwe zilimo.
Sankhani Nursing Yantchito
Ku Minsk, zikuwoneka kuti ma servals sanakhale mafashoni ndipo mulibe malo olera apadera ku likulu la Belarus.
Miyeso
Seral ndi mphaka wochepa thupi komanso wautali wamtundu wapakatikati. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 65-100 cm, kuphatikiza mchira wochepa 25-25 cm, kutalika kwake kufota mpaka 60 cm, kulemera mpaka 16 kg. Seral ali ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri komanso makutu akulu (okhala ndi kukula kwa thupi) pakati pa amphaka. Mutu wake ndi wocheperako. Malinga ndi zochitika zingapo zaumbanda, a Serval amadziwika kuti ndi msuweni wapamtima wa lynxes komanso nyama, ngakhale utoto wake umafanana ndi cheetah - mawanga amdima ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu chakuda. Chifuwa chake, m'mimba ndi nkhope yake ndi zoyera. Makutu akunjawo ndi akuda ndi achikasu kapena oyera oyera.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa Seral kuthengo ndi zaka 10-12, kunyumba zaka 15-20 ndi bwenzi lalitali.
Kufotokozera kwa amphaka a Mtundu
Ntchito Yanyumba imakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati nyama, mawonekedwe ake onse adapangidwa kuti azisaka ndikuwukira wozunzidwayo. Mtundu wankhokwe sunapangidwebe bwino, koma mawonekedwe ake ndiwowona:
- Mutu wogwirizana ndi thupi umawoneka wochepa,
- makutu ndi akulu, apamwamba, ozunguliridwa kumapeto kwake, kunjaku atakutidwa ndi mikwaso yakuda ndi yoyera.
- mphuno yopyapyala, yakuda, yokhala ndi mphuno yayikulu,
- mchira ndi wokulirapo komanso wamfupi,
- Maso ndi okongola modabwitsa, ali ndi mawonekedwe a amondi pansi ndi mawonekedwe a boomerang pamwamba, utoto - wobiriwira wonyezimira,
- mapepala otchulidwa kwa ma vibras, omwe amayenera kukhala ochulukirapo komanso aatali,
- kukula kwa matupi akulu nkofanana ndi mitundu ina ya amphaka, kutalika kumafika pa 1.35 metres, ndipo kulemera kumatha kufika 18 kg,
- miyendo ndi yayitali kwambiri pakati pa amphaka onse, ndikayerekeza molingana ndi thupi, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyitali kuposa yakutsogolo, komwe ndikofunikira pakusaka ndi kudumpha,
- Mtundu wa chovalacho ndi wofanana ndi cheetah, umakutidwa ndi malo osiyanasiyana osakanikirana kumbuyo, chifuwa, miyendo ndi mchira kukhala malovu, m'dera la chifuwa, pamimba ndi kupukutira ubweya ndi zoyera, ndipo utoto waukulu umatha kukhala kuchokera kumchenga kupita pamtambo wofiirira. Zimatengera malo omwe a Serval kuthengo - nyama zamtchire zamtundu wakuda wokhala ndi timadontho ting'onoting'ono, ndipo mtundu wa steppe ndi wopepuka komanso wowonekera. Chovala chawo ndichachifupi, chosalimba, chopanda, chonyezimira komanso chosangalatsa kukhudza.
Chiyambi
Ntchito zimagawidwa pafupifupi mu Africa monse, kupatula Sahara, nkhalango za equatorial zone ndi kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa mainland (Cape). Kumpoto kwa Sahara (Algeria, Morocco) chilombochi sichachilendo kwenikweni, koma chafala kwambiri ku East ndi West Africa. Kuchuluka kwa amphaka amphaka ambiri m'khola lotchuka la Ngoro-Ngoro (Tanzania), kuchuluka kwa amphaka kuli mpaka 40 pamakilomita 100 a mraba.
Pafupifupi Nthawi zonse Atumiki amakhala pafupi ndi malo amadzi. Chifukwa chake, pakusunga a Serval kunyumba, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za chikondi chawo chamadzi ndikubisa mipesa yokhala ndi maluwa nthawi, komanso kutseka chivundikiro chimbudzi. Kutuluka mumsewu ndikwabwinonso kutsekedwa, ngati kunenedweratu kunalonjeza kuti kudzakhala mvula. Kupanda kutero, Mtumiki wanu m'mphindi zochepa adzafalitsa madzi onse mozungulira nyumbayo, wogawana litsiro m'malo omwe mumawakonda.
Tumikirani kunyumba kwanu
Amphaka amphaka, ndibwino kuti musatenge zaka zakubadwa 1.5, koma osapitirira miyezi isanu. Ngati mwana wanu wamphaka ali wakhanda, amakulungirani mwachangu. Sikoyenera kutenga mphaka yaying'ono kwambiri ndikudyetsa kuchokera ku botolo kuti mukhale ndi mgwirizano wolimba pakati panu. Koma izi mosakayikira zimawonjezera ndikuwongolera izi zomangirizika.
Ogwiritsa ntchito amakonda kusewera komanso masewera. Mwachilengedwe, amagwira mbalame zomwe zimayenda pansi pamtunda, zimadumphira pamtunda mpaka mamita atatu, kotero amatha kudumphira pafupifupi chilichonse m'nyumba ndi kukonda kukhala m'malo okwezeka. Zinthu zonse zomwe zikumenyedwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa mumashelefu ndi matebulo m'malo osavutikira mpaka Serval atakhazikika m'nyumba mwanu.
Monga mphaka wapakhomo, a Serval amawerengera madera ake, motero tikukulimbikitsani kukhala ndi chosunga / kutulutsa, kuti akupulumutseni ku fungo losasangalatsa komanso lamphamvu. Njira imeneyi imachitika kwa anyamata azaka 7 mpaka 8, kwa atsikana pachaka.
Lezani mtima ndi Serval - amafunika nthawi kuti azolowere chilengedwe chatsopano. Kumbukirani, ngati musamalira Samagi molondola, imakulumikizani kuposa nyama ina iliyonse yomwe mudawonapo. Ngakhale pali nkhani zakuti amphaka ali “paokha”, mukapeza chikondi cha a Seral, mumalandira chidaliro komanso chikondi chotere kotero kuti simukhulupirira kuti Serval ndi "nyama" zanyama.
Kubala ndi chisamaliro
Seral ndi nyama yakuthengo yomwe imakonda kulumpha, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti chiwetocho sichimalumpha kuchokera kumtunda waukulu ndipo sichimavutika, makamaka mphaka, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi miyendo yawo imakula ndipo amakhala osalimba. Mwambiri, kusamalira amphaka aku Africa kumakhala mukusamba, komwe amangolemekeza, kuphatikiza ndi kutsuka makutu awo. Amazolowera threyi, chosindacho ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni, thireyi yoyeza 60 * 100 cm.
Amphaka a ku Africa amakonda kwambiri kupachika pazingwe ndi zingwe, ngati zingatheke ayenera kuchotsedwa momwe angathere, chifukwa nyamayo imatha kukodwa ndikugundika. Seral amakonda kutafuna ndi kutafuna chilichonse, kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito msipu wa apulo wogulitsidwa m'masitolo azinyama. Ndikofunikira kuphunzitsa amphaka awa mu kolala kuyambira ubwana, popanda chifukwa muyenera kuwasiya pa tabu popanda kuyang'aniridwa.
Popeza mudagula a Serval, muyenera kuionera ndi veterinarian ndikuchita zonse zofunika, koma choyamba muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti katemera alibe ma virus omwe atha kugwira ntchito, izi zitha kuwononga nyamayo. Pazonse, thanzi la amphaka ndiabwino, koma ndikofunikira kulabadira ngati chiweto chili ndi matenda otsegula m'mimba, omwe angayambitse kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa mphaka ndi maola angapo, ndikutulutsa chimbudzi nthawi zopitilira kawiri motsatana, muyenera kufunsa wowona zanyama. Mukamapereka chisamaliro choyenera, chiweto ichi chitha kukhala ndi zaka 20.
Nyama izi zimakonda kudya nyama yokhala ndi mafupa. Nthawi zonse mphaka wachikulire wa mtundu wa serval amafikira kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka ya nyama. Simungadyetse amphaka awa, muyenera kuwadyetsa nthawi yomweyo, kupeza chakudya sikuyenera kukhala kosalekeza. Kangapo pamwezi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti azikonza masiku anjala.
Kutha kwaunyamata kumafika chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Amuna amtunduwu amatha kumalumikizana ndi nyama, komanso amphaka wamba, zomwe zimapangitsa ma hybrids. Mimba m'kati mwa ku Africa imakhala masiku 65-75, mu malo amodzi osaposa ana atatu obadwa.
- Mtengo ku Russia ndi wochokera ku ruble 500,000.
- Mtengo ku Ukraine ndi wochokera ku 200,000 h pantnias.
Kugula Pantchito Yanyumba ndikofunikira kokha mu nazale, pomwe pali chitsimikizo cha komwe adachokera, thanzi komanso kuti adazolowera anthu. Pali nazale zochepa ku Russia ndi Ukraine, nazi zina mwa:
- "Lunicorne" Moscow.
- "SavanahPremium" St. Petersburg.
- "Savannah Golden Star" St. Petersburg.
Mtengo wamtchire wokongola wamtchire umayambira ku ruble 500,000, kotero si aliyense angathe kugula nyama yotero.
Chikhulupiriro Chowopsa Cha serval
Tikufuna kuyang'anitsitsa mwatsatanetsatane nkhaniyi, ndikupereka lingaliro loti Atumiki ndi owopsa komanso nyama zakutchire. Ndizachilendo kuti nthano iyi imafalitsidwa ndi anthu omwe sanakhalepo ndi kulumikizana kwenikweni ndi ziweto izi kunyumba. Timamvetsetsa kuti zinali zovuta kudziwa zoona zisanachitike - sitikhumudwitsidwa ndi atolankhani achikaso, chifukwa awa ndi "ntchito" yawo komanso anthu omwe alibe chidziwitso chokwanira pa Serval.
Osadodometsa zosowa za serval (zoweta) ndi zoweta zomwe zakhala zikulankhulana pafupipafupi ndi anthu. Tiyeni titsegule chinsinsi chaching'ono, tikadasewera kwambiri ndi Akuluakulu athu othandizira okalamba ndikuwasangalatsa munjira iliyonse, sibwenzi tikuwona ana oterewa. Amakhala ziweto zokhazokha, monga mwa chizolowezi, amathamangirani pambuyo panu ndipo purr amafunsira kuti aponye mpira, akungosewera kapena kumenya.
Mwachidule, kupezeka kwa a Seral siowopsa kuposa kupezeka kwa galu wamtundu wapakati.
Mwatsatanetsatane, ndiye:
-Atumiki akugwira nyama yakudya yamakolo ndi mbalame zazing'ono, munthu amakhala wotsutsana naye, chifukwa chake akamachita mantha, zochuluka zomwe amachita ndi zake.
- Powopseza mwachindunji, ngakhale mwachilengedwe, amathawa ndipo sakonda kupitilira kuukira, mwachitsanzo, chitetezo champhaka chaching'ono chimatha kukhala mayi wachikulire wa Serval.
Kuchoka kuthengo:
-Atumiki amaopa kwambiri "wolanda ana" amene amatchera makutu awo, ndikukoka mawaya, mchira, kugwira chovala chamkwiyo ndikulira mofuula kwambiri, kuwamenya, kuwathamangitsa, kuwawombera makamaka a Wodzipereka - koma muyenera kuvomereza palibe chiweto chilichonse chomwe chingafune, ngakhale galu kapena galu wamba. Mosakayikira, ngati a Serval aphatikizidwa pazinthu izi, akhoza kukanda kapena kuluma kuti adzipulumutse ku zoopsa, motero sikulimbikitsidwa kuti azisunga a Setal mnyumba yokhala ndi ana osaposa zaka 5, ndiye kuyambira m'badwo uno, monga lamulo, kuti ana amatha kumvetsetsa kale momwe angakhalire gwirani chiweto chanu. Kupatula apo Seral amawopa, ndipo mwina sangachotse mantha awa. Ma akapolo ndi anzeru kwambiri ndipo amatha kusiyanitsa mawu a mwana kuchokera kwa wamkulu motero amabisala kwa ana.
Koma ngati mwana waleredwa ndipo amadziwa kuyang'anira nyama, pozindikira kuti akumvanso zowawa, ndiye kuti izi zikhala chitsimikizo cha mtendere ndi mgwirizano mbanja lanu.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukumbukira malamulo atatu agolide mu maphunziro a Serval:
1. Osasewera "masewera ndi mkono kapena phazi" ndi mphaka - chifukwa ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zoseweretsa zake, pokhapokha akamakula azindikira manja ndi miyendo yanu ndi zoseweretsa zake, kumakanda ndikuluma.
2. Musafuule kapena kumenya a Serval - mwachitsanzo, ngati Wopereka wanu akukwera patebulo lodyera, koma simukulikonda, kenako "dziwitsani" ndi mfuti yamadzi kapena mfuti ya maluwa. Kunena momveka bwino kuti "ayi!" ndikuthira madzi mmenemo, Wopereka wanu akaphunzira msanga panjira zina "Ayi" lamulo lokhalo likhala lokwanira!
3. Ngati a serval amakwatila, akukukwapulani, ndiye ingomusiyani m'chipindacho pakadali pano, ndikhulupirireni, posakhalitsa azindikira kuti akuchita zolakwika, popeza adatsala yekha. Atumiki ndi anzeru kwambiri ndipo amafunikira maphunziro a pulaimale, ngati agalu.
- Atumiki, amazolowera kwambiri omwe amamulera, ndipo ngati alendo (achipani chachitatu) samawonekera mnyumbamo, nthawi zambiri amathawa ndikabisala akabwera.
- Ndikofunikira kuti mabanja onse azikhala ndi chidwi ndi a Seral nthawi iliyonse yomwe mungathe, ndinu makolo kwa iye (paketi yake) komwe amakhala wotetezeka ndipo amayenera kuchita izi ndikuthokoza, akumakupukusirani mutu ndi makutu, kwinaku mukung'ung'udza.
Mwinanso izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, ngati kukhazikitsa kwawo kumakhala kovuta kwa inu, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kugula chiweto chotere, koma ngati ili ndi vuto ndipo muli okonzeka kupereka chikondi chanu ndi nthawi kwa chiweto chanu, mudzakhala odabwitsa komanso odzipereka kuposa galu bwenzi!
Pafupi ndi ziweto zina
Zodyerera pakati zimasewera bwino ndi ziweto zina zambiri. Komabe, Wothandizira wamkulu ayenera kuperekedwa kwa nyama zazing'ono mosamala, popeza amatha kuzilakwitsa chifukwa cha chidole ndikuvulaza. Kumbukirani kuti chakudya chawo chachilengedwe ndi nyama ya nkhumba, nkhumba zozungulira, mbalame, zodzikongoletsera zazing'ono ndi zina, motero ndibwino kusiya ntchito zawo m'nyumba. Seral ali ndi chibadwa champhamvu kwambiri chinyama ichi, ndipo amalimbikira komanso ndiwofunitsitsa - Seral amatha kutsegulira chitseko ngati aphunzira mbalameyo, ndikwabwino osamunyengerera.
Nanga bwanji agalu? Zimatengera galu! Ngati muli ndi wodwala wodekha, galu woyenera wamakhalidwe oyenera osathamangitsa amphaka, muli pamsewu wolondola ndipo palibe mavuto omwe angakumane.
Seral amakhala bwino ndi ziweto zina ngati zibweretsedwa mnyumbayo ndi ana a mphaka ochepa kwambiri.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Gawo loyamba pakupanga chakudya cha Serval ndikuwunika zomwe amadya kuthengo. Kafukufuku wa zinyalala ku Camberg Nature Reserve akuwonetsa kuti chakudya cha serval m'derali chili ndi makoswe 80%, 13.5% mbalame, 5% mbalame, 0.9% repitles ndi 0.7% tizilombo.
Zakudya za serval kunyumba ndizosavuta, zomwe sizimabweretsa zovuta kwa mwini wake, zimakhala ndi nyama yaiwisi yokhala ndi mafupa - nkhuku ndi ng'ombe (mwachitsanzo, ntchafu za nkhuku kapena zinziri, mapiko, mitima, makosi) ndi mavitamini apadera okhala ndi calcium zowonjezera, zina zabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi amatengedwa kuti Apperon (USA).
Akuluakulu Omwe amadya 0,45 mpaka 1.36 kg ya nyama patsiku.
Kuchita chimbudzi
Kutumiza sikovuta kuzolowera kuchimbudzi ndi chosefera, tikupangira chojambula. Nthawi zambiri samakwirira maliro ngati chimbudzi.
Ngati Mtumiki wanu akapita kuchimbudzi pamalo olakwika, musamamukalipira, ingofotokozerani mawuwo, ndikuwonetsa malo oyenera. Mwachilengedwe, a Serval amakhala ndi mpando wa chimbudzi chimodzi kapena ziwiri pachigawo chake, ndichifukwa chake posakhalitsa Seral akazolowera chimbudzi m'nyumba mwanu. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito Mphamvu Yachilengedwe, njira yofungozera ngati fungo labwino, ngati a Seral adapita pamalo opanda chimbudzi. Kwa ma kittens, zimbudzi wamba za mphaka ndizoyenera, kwa Maofesi Achikulire, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito thireyi yoyezera 60 masentimita 100. Yeretsani chimbudzi kukhala choyera.