Ufumu: | Nyama |
Mtundu: | Chordate |
Giredi: | Amayi |
Gulu: | Mapulogalamu |
Banja: | Nyani |
Subfamily: | Amphongo abulu |
Jenda: | Pigatrixes |
Onani: | Roxellan rhinopithecus |
Henri Milne-Edward, 1870
- Rhinopithecus roxellanae
IUCN 3.1 Zowopsa: 19596
Roxellan rhinopithecus (koyambirira Rhinopithecus roxellanaetsopano Pygathrix roxellana) Ndi mtundu wa mbewa zaku China. Onani dzina roxellanae adapangidwa m'malo mwa mkazi wa Ottoman Sultan Suleiman kukongola kokongola Roksolana, wophatikizidwa ndi mphuno yake yoluka.
Amasiyana mu mawonekedwe osazolowereka kwambiri komanso owala: malaya ake ndi a lalanje-golide, nkhope yake ndi ya buluu ndipo mphuno imakhala yopanda mawonekedwe momwe ingathere. Mitundu yocheperako kwambiri, yomwe ili pangozi, yolembedwa mu Red Book.
Amakhala kumwera komanso pakati China. Ochuluka kwambiri ali ku Volun National Reserve (Sichuan).
Zithunzi za mbewa nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamakina akale aku China komanso kusindikiza kwa silika.
Moyo
Poyamba amakhala kumadera akumtunda, koma m'mapiri pamtunda wa mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka 3,000, pomwe aku China adawatcha "nyani anyani". M'nthawi yachilimwe amakwera m'mapiri (kutentha kumakhala kochepa pamenepo), nthawi yozizira amatsika mpaka pamtunda wamamita chikwi.
Ambiri mwa moyo wawo amakhala pa mitengo. Pangozi zochepa kwambiri amakwawa pamwamba pawo.
Amadyera makamaka makungwa a mitengo (pomwe kulibe zipatso), singano za paini, ndi lichens.
Mudziwa bwanji
Kutalika kwa thupi 50-83 masentimita, mchira kutalika 51-104 cm. Mphuno ndi yachifupi, yotseguka. Chingwe cha tsitsi ndizokwera komanso kwakukulira.
Tsitsi lakumbuyo limakhala lofiirira kapena la imvi lokhala ndi chingwe choyera pakati pamapewa.
pamwamba pa mutu, kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi mapewa amatha kukhala amtambo wakuda, pamphumi, mutu, mutu m'khosi komanso mbali yakumbuyo kwa thunthuyo ndi golide kapena mbali za mutu ndi m'mimba zimakhala zoyera kapena imvi.
Zolocha zamphongo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachikasu kapena zoyera, miyendo yakumbuyo kwake imachita imvi. Mchirawo ndi khungu la chikasu chakuda.
Komwe kumakhala
Kugawidwa ku Western China (Sichuan, Shanxi, Gansu, Yunnan ndi Guizhou). Mwina mulowetsenso Assam.
Pali mitundu itatu: R. roxellanae amakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri kumadzulo kwa Sichuan komanso kumalire a Tibet komanso kumpoto, kuphatikiza zigawo zakumwera kwa Gansu. R. G. bieti - kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Yunnan,
malire akum'mwera kwa masambawo mwachionekere amadutsa malo otsetsereka a Tibet, madamu a Mekong, kumpoto chakumadzulo amadutsa m'chigawo cha Tibet Autonomous ndipo mwina Assam. R. brelichi - m'chigawo cha Guizhou (108 ° 30 'E mpaka 109 ° 30' E ndi kuchokera 27 ° 40 'N mpaka 28 ° 30' N).
Kupezeka kwa rhinopithecus wa Roxellan
Wofalitsa mtundu wa anyaniwa ndi wa wansembe wa ku France Arman David. Adabwera ku China mu 1860 monga mlaliki, koma adachita bwino kwambiri mu zoology. Ndi David yemwe adapeza m'nkhalango zamapiri pristine m'chigawo cha Sichuan anyani agolide oyang'ana nkhope.
Katswiri wina wodziwika zachilengedwe, Milne-Edward, atakumana ndi zinthu zomwe David adabweretsa ku Europe, adaganizira za mphuno zodabwitsa za golide, zomwe zidawerama pamwambapa, mpaka kufika pamphumi pakati pa okalamba.
Mtundu wotchedwa Rhinopithecus watanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini kuti "nyani wakhungu", ndipo liwu lachiwiri linapangidwa m'malo mwa Roksolan, anali mkazi wokondedwa wa Sultan Suleiman I waku Turkey, yemwe nkhope yake inali yokongoletsedwa ndi mphuno.
Zizindikiro zakunja za Roxellan rhinopithecus
Roxellanus rhinopithecus ndi nyani wamkulu, kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira 0,57-0.75 m, mchira 50-70 cm. Amuna amalemera mpaka 16 kg, zazikazi - mpaka 35 kg. Chovalacho ndi lalanje-golide. Akazi ndi amuna akuwonetsa zizindikiro zakusiyana maonekedwe: Amuna amakhala ndi m'mimba, pamphumi ndi khosi la golide wagolide.
Nape, mapewa, mikono kumbuyo, mutu ndi mchira wamaso. Mwa akazi, ziwalo zomwezi za thupi zimapakidwa bulauni - zakuda. Mphuno yaphimbidwa, ndikutseguka kwamphuno pankhope. Zovala ziwiri za khungu pamphuno zotseguka zimapanga nsonga zokhala pafupi kugundana pamphumi.
Roxellan rhinopithecus (Pygathrix roxellana).
Malo okhala a Roxellan rhinopithecus
Malo omwe amakhala ndi Roxellan rhinopithecus ali m'malo otentha komanso otentha, ndipo amakhala m'mapiri pamitunda kuyambira 1600 mpaka 4000,000 metres. Anyani agolide amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zachilengedwe. Chotengera cham'munsi chimapangidwa ndi mphukira za nsungwi ndi mitundu yazomera zobiriwira.
Roxellanic rhinopithecus - anyani achi China adatchucha dzina lodzikongoletsera Roxolana, yemwe anali ndi mphuno.
M'nyengo yozizira, m'malo awa kutentha kumatera pansi pa zero ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kulira, komwe nthawi zina kumakhala pansi kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. M'malo ovuta ano, nyamazo zimalekerera kuzizira, ndipo chifukwa cha nkhosazo, amazitcha "anyani amtchire".
Kutentha kukayamba, ma rhinopithecus amapita pamwamba m'mapiri, amakhala m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino ndikufika kumtunda wofikira kwawo, ndipo sapezeka kumtunda kokha chifukwa malo awa alibe nkhalango. Kutayamba nyengo yozizira, anyaniwa amatsika m'zigwa ndi kumapiri kukafunafuna chakudya, ndipo matalala ooneka ngati chipale chofewa ayenera kukhala osakwaniritsidwa.
Roxellan rhinopithecus zakudya
Roxellan rhinophytes m'chilimwe amadya masamba achichepere, mphukira, zipatso, maluwa, mbewu ndi ma lichens. M'nyengo yozizira, anyani amasinthana ndi chakudya choyipa ndikudya makungwa a mitengo, singano za paini, ziphuphu. Ngakhale anyani agolide amapeza chakudya pamitengo, komabe amatsikira pansi kudzadya udzu wachichepere, anyezi wamtchire, mbewu, ndi mtedza.
Anyani agolide samatsikira pansi, amakhala, kupeza chakudya ndi kubereketsa pamitengo.
Roxellan rhinopithecus malo okhala
Roxellan rhinopithecus adazolowera kukhala m'mikhalidwe yovuta. Ubweya wotentha wokhala ndi undercoat yolimba komanso mawonekedwe amathandizidwe kuti asazizire kuzizira.
Nthawi zambiri, mamembala onse a banja la nyani amatha kugona, kugundana ndikusunga kutentha. Amuna amakhala usiku wonse payokha ndipo amakhala mosamala nthawi zonse, kuteteza banja lawo pangozi.
Moyo wonse wa anyaniwa umachitika pamitengo. Amatsikira pansi pongofotokozera ubale ndi abale awo kapena kudyetsa zitsamba zatsopano. Poopseza pang'ono, anyaniwo nthawi yomweyo amakwera pamwamba pa mitengo.
Zokhudza machitidwe a Roxellan rhinopithecus
Roxellanic rhinopithecus amakhala m'mitundu ingapo ya nyama 5-10, koma nthawi zina amasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu, omwe amapitilira nyani 600. M'magulu ambiri, mabanja ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa, kutsogoleredwa ndi wamwamuna wamkulu. Atsogoleri amakhala osadalira nyani wina, makamaka akapumula.
Ma rhinophytes a Roxellan ndi osowa kwambiri, ali pangozi, ndipo adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Amuna amatha kukhalapo limodzi kapena kumalumikizana ndi amuna anzawo. Akazi a Rhinopithecus ndi amphokoso, ochezeka ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama zoseketsa. Chifukwa cha gulu lovuta lotereli, mikangano imabuka nthawi zonse, koma ndewu zazikulu ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo zimayendera limodzi ndi kubangula ndi kubuwa kwa anyani okwiya. Ma rhinophytes a Roxellan amatha nthawi yambiri akusamalira ubweya wawo wagolide. Maubwenzi oterowo pakati pa achibale amathandizira mayanjano.
Kubwezeretsa kwa Roxellan rhinopithecus
Roxellan male rhinopithecus amatha kubereka, kufikira zaka 7, zazikazi zoyambirira - zaka 4-5. Matenga amatenga kuyambira mu Ogasiti mpaka Novembala, kutengera malo. Yaikazi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mwana mmodzi wa miyezi 7. Imadyetsa ana mkaka kwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, nthawi zina nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta komanso kusowa kwa chakudya. Amayi a ana ali ndi othandizira omwe amateteza gulu lonse la adani. Nthawi yomweyo, ana amayikidwa pakati pa gulu la nyani, pomwe anyani amateteza ana, omwe amakhala kunja.
Kwenikweni, mayi amasamalira khandalo.
Kutetezedwa kwa Roxellan rhinopithecus
Roxellan rhinopithecus adalembedwa m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red ngati mtundu wosatetezeka, walembedwa ku CITES (Zowonjezera I), ndipo adalembedwanso m'ndandanda wa Red List of Endangered Species ndi malamulo aku US. Nyani ya Monkey ndi nthano yachilendo kwambiri yomwe simatha kuphunzitsidwa mozama ndi akatswiri. Zambiri zimapezeka pomaonetsetsa anyani ali ku ukapolo kapena kuzidziwitsidwa zochepa kuchokera pamoyo wamtchire.
Kuletsedwa kwa kuwombera roxellan rhinopithecus kunathandiza kwambiri kubwezeretsa chiwerengero cha anyani osowa. Pakadali pano, pafupifupi 5,000 5,000 rhinopithecus amakhala m'nkhalango. Koma zambiri zikuyenera kuchitika kuti tipeze kugawikidwanso kwina. Malo ochepetsa zachilengedwe ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe akhazikitsidwa m'malo otetezedwa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Zambiri m'mbiri
Roxellan rhinopithecus ndi nyani wosemphana ndi golide. Komwe dzina lake lili ndi mbiri yosangalatsa m'malo mwake.
Wansembe wochokera ku France Arman David ndiye woyamba ku Europe kukumana ndi oyimilira apaderawa. Adafika mchaka cha 19 ku China ngati mmishonale kuti azikomera Chikatolika ku dziko lakutali.
Pambuyo pake, wansembe yemwe anali wokonda kwambiri zowerengera nyama adabweretsa zinthu ku Europe zokhudzana ndi mitundu yatsopano ya anyani, omwe katswiri wazam'madzi wotchuka Miln-Edward adachita chidwi. Anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi mphuno za nyama izi - zinali zowerama kwambiri mpaka zinafika pamphumi mwa okalamba ena. Chifukwa cha izi, wasayansi adapatsa nyama izi dzina lachi Latin (Rhinopithecus roxellanae), pomwe liwu loyamba limatchedwa generic ndipo limatanthawuza "nyani wosavomerezeka", ndipo lachiwiri ndi dzina la mtundu (roxellanae) m'malo mwa mkazi wa Suleiman the Magnificent (Ottoman sultan). Uku ndiye kukongola kwina Roksolana wokhala ndi mphuno yakukhazikika.
Malo ogawa, malo okhala
Ma Roxellan ma rhinophytes amakhala kumadera a Central and Southern China (Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu). Mwa mitundu itatu ya anyani amiseche ku China, iyi ndi yomwe ili ponse ponseponse m'boma. Amakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri zomwe zili pamalo okwera mamita 1,500 mpaka 3,400. M'malo awa, kuphimba matalala kumakhala mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pachaka.
Masamba amasintha ndi kutalika. Kuchera m'nkhalango zazikulu komanso zowala pamtunda wotsika kupita ku nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zambiri zotambalala pamalo opitilira mamitala 2200. Pamtunda wa 2600 metres, zomera zachilengedwe zamtunda zimakula. M'nyengo yotentha, anyani agolide amasamukira kumapiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira amapita pansi pa 1,500 metres. M'malo awo, kutentha kwapakati pachaka kumakhala pakati pa 6.4 ° C (-8.3 ° C - otsika kwa Januware, + 21.7 ° C - kuchuluka kwa Julayi). Mtundu wa nyaniwu ndi umodzi mwazosautsa kwambiri pakati pa anyani, chifukwa chake nthawi zina amatchedwa "nyani nyani" ku China.
Zambiri za rhinopithecus wa Roxellan
Amasiyana pakawonekedwe kowoneka bwino komanso kosamveka bwino: malayo ndi amtundu wagolide-lalanje kapena golide wonyezimira, nkhope yake imakhala yabuluu, mphuno yake ndi yopindika. Awa mwina ndi nyama zachilendo kwambiri zamagulu oyamba kudera lamapiri la China.
Nyani zagolide ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi masentimita 66 mpaka 76 ndi mchira wa kutalika kwa masentimita 72. Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi 16 kg, zazikazi - pafupifupi 10 kg. Utoto wa utoto umatengera zaka za nyani.
Amuna
Udindo wa amuna umatengera kupirira, kulimba mtima komanso kuchuluka kwa akazi, pomwe wamkazi amalemekezedwa kwambiri ngati ali ndi mwana.
Zomwe zimachitika pamasokonezo sizikhala nthawi zonse chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zazankhondo, chifukwa zimadziteteza. M'malo mobwezera mwakuthupi, amakhutira ndi zozizwitsa zowoneka bwino, kubangula ndi kubangula. Nthawi zambiri, silimenya nkhondo ndi nyama; wopambana nthawi zambiri amakhala wamwamuna yemwe mawonekedwe ake ndi owopsa kwambiri. Ndi zonsezi, anyani osokoneza bongo sangaonedwe kuti ndi amantha - anthu akuluakulu atha kudziteteza bwino ku akambuku, nyalugwe ndi adani ena.
Kutetezedwa ndi anyani aku China
Anyani ali ndi tsitsi labwinobwino amalephera kutentha pang'ono komanso ulesi, amatha kudyetsa pafupifupi chilichonse. Zimakula kwambiri m'masiku amenewo pamene mapiri a China adakutidwa ndi nkhalango zowirira zosatha. Komabe, alimi aku China, omwe amagwira ntchito molimbika, agonjetsa madera akuluakulu kuchokera ku zachilengedwe kwazaka zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ankasakiranso anyani, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri anthu.
Masiku ano, m'nkhalango za ku China, chiwerengero cha Roxellan rhinopithecus ndi anthu pafupifupi 5000. Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zasintha zomwe zakhala ndalama kwa nyama izi - zachilengedwe zomwe zawonongeka zatetezedwa ndi aboma. Malo okhala anyani agolide asintha kukhala malo osungiramo malo osungirako nyama, ndipo achitapo kanthu kovuta kwa ozizira. Zatsopano zoterezi sizinangoleketsa kuzimiririka kwawo, komanso kukhazikitsa bata, ndikuchulukitsa m'malo.