Amauza kuti mandimu amayenda zaka zingapo zilizonse, amatengedwa ndi achibadwa osadziwika, kupita m'matanthwe ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti agawane ndi moyo wawo modzifunira.

Omwe amapanga filimu yolembedwa "The White Wasteland" yoperekedwa kwa anthu a ku Canada adathandizira kwambiri kufalitsa izi.. Makina ojambula pamalopa omwe ali ndi tsache adayendetsa unyinji wamadzimadzi omwe adagulitsidwa kale m'madzi amtsinje, ndikuyamba kudzipha. Ndipo omvera filimuyo adachita manyazi kwambiri.

Komabe, zolembedwazo, mwina, zidasocheretsedwa ndi nkhani zosadalirika zakudzipha, zomwe mwanjira inayake zidathandizira kufotokozera kuchepa kwakwe kwa mandimu.

Akatswiri azamakono apeza chodabwitsa cha kuchepa mwadzidzidzi kwa kuchuluka kwa mandimu, zomwe zimadziwika kutali ndi chaka chilichonse.

Achibale a hamster awa akakhala kuti alibe chakudya, amakhala ndi kuphulika kwa anthu. Ana obadwira kudziko lapansi nawonso amafuna kudya, ndipo posakhalitsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumatsalira, komwe kumakakamiza mandimu kuti apite akafunefune masamba.

Zimachitika kuti mayendedwe awo samadutsa osati pamtunda kokha: kawirikawiri madzi amtsinje wakumpoto ndi nyanja amayalidwa pamaso pa nyama. Ziphuphu zimatha kusambira, koma sizingawerengere mphamvu zawo ndikufa. Chithunzithunzi chotere, chomwe chikuwoneka pakusamukira kwanyama zochuluka, chimakhala chifukwa cha kudzipha kwawo.

Kuchokera ku banja la hamster

Nyama zakunyumba izi ndi abale apafupi a ma pie ndi ma voles. Makongoletsedwe a ma lemmings samakhala osiyanasiyana: nthawi zambiri ndimtundu wa bulauni kapena mtundu wa motley, womwe umayera kwambiri nthawi yozizira.

Zopota zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono (zolemera 20 mpaka 70 g) sizimakula kupitilira 10-15 cm ndikuwonjezera masentimita angapo pa mchira. Pofika nthawi yozizira, zovala za m'manja zimawonjezeka, amasintha kukhala ziboda kapena zolowa. Zovala zosinthidwa zimathandizira kuti ma lemmings asagwere m'chipale chofewa ndikuwang'amba kufunafuna moss.

Mitunduyi imakuta zilumba za Arctic Ocean, komanso tundra / nkhalango-tundra ya Eurasia ndi North America. Ma lemmings aku Russia amapezeka ku Chukotka, Far East ndi Kola Peninsula.

Ndizosangalatsa! Zokongoletsera zimakhala ndi moyo wokangalika popanda kuzizira nthawi yozizira. Pakadali pano pachaka, nthawi zambiri amapanga zisa pansi pa chisanu, kudya masamba oyambira a mbewu.

M'nyengo yotentha, mandimu amakhazikika m'malo otsetsereka, momwe mumakhala zovuta zosiyanasiyana.

Zizolowezi

Makoswe a kumpoto amakonda kukhala kwayekha, nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi lemmging akuwunjikira malo ake.

Mitundu ina ya mandimu (mwachitsanzo, nkhalango) imabisala moyo wawo mosamala kuti asamayang'anitsidwe, kutuluka mumisasa mumdima.

Mlendo kwa iye ndi kuwonetsera chisamaliro cha makolo: atangogonana, amuna amasiya akazi kuti akwaniritse njala yawo yonse.

Ngakhale ali wamkulu moseketsa, ngozi yomwe ili mumawonekedwe a munthu imakumana ndi kulimba mtima - amatha kuwopseza kuti alumpha ndikuyimba mluzu, atakweza miyendo yakumbuyo kwawo,, m'malo mwake, kukhala pansi ndikuwawopseza wolowererayo, ndikugwedeza kutsogolo kwake ngati nkhonya.

Poyesera kukhudza, amawonetsa mkwiyo mwa kuluma dzanja lotambasulidwa. Koma njira "zomenyanazi" zamphamvuzi sizitha kuwopseza adani achilengedwe a lemmings: pali kuthawa m'modzi yekha - kuthawa.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Ma lemoni onse amapangidwa kuchokera ku zosakaniza azitsamba, monga:

• msipu wobiriwira
• chimanga,
• Maluwa ndi zipatso za buliberries, lingonberry, blueberries ndi ma Cloudberry,
• Birch ndi msuzi wa msondodzi,
• dzaza,
• tundra zitsamba.

Ndizosangalatsa! Kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira, ma lemme amafunika kudya chakudya chophatikiza kawiri polemera. Pakuposa chaka, makulidwe achikulire amamwa masamba pafupifupi 50 makilogalamu: sizosadabwitsa kuti tundra, pomwe phwando la mandimu limayamba kuwonekera.

Moyo wa nyama umakhala ndi ndandanda yokhazikika, pomwe nthawi iliyonse ya maola awiri ogona ndi kupumula imatsatiridwa, nthawi zina kumalimbana ndi kugonana, kuyenda ndikuyang'ana chakudya.

Kuperewera kwa chakudya kumakhudza bwino psyche ya mandimu. Samanyalanyaza mbewu zapoizoni ndipo amayesera kusaka nyama zomwe zimaposa kukula kwake.

Kuperewera kwa chakudya ndikomwe kumayambitsa kusuntha kwamphamvu kwa makoswe pamtunda wautali.

Amur Lemming

Sikukula kupitirira 12 cm. Utoto uwu ukhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi mchira wake, womwe ndi wofanana ndi kutalika kwa phazi lakumbuyo, ndi phazi lamiyendo lamiyendo. M'nyengo yotentha, thupi limapakidwa utoto, limapukusika ndi mawanga ofiira pamasaya, pansi pamizere, mbali ndi pamimba. Mzere wakuda ukuwoneka kuchokera kumwamba, womwe umakulira kwambiri kumutu ndikusunthira kumbuyo.

M'nyengo yozizira, mzerewu suwoneka, ndipo chovalacho chimakhala chofewa komanso chachitali, ndikupeza utoto wofiirira komanso wopanda tanthauzo la imvi komanso kufiyira. Mitembo ina ya Amur imakhala ndi zilembo zoyera pachidebe komanso pafupi ndi milomo.

Lemming Vinogradova

Mtunduwu (mpaka 17 cm kutalika) umakhala m'malo otseguka a tundra pazisumbu. Nyama zimasungira chakudya chochuluka cha nthambi, zimakonda kudya udzu ndi zitsamba.

Zingwe zazingwe ndizodabwitsa kwambiri ndipo zimafanana ndi mizinda yaying'ono. Mwa iwo, zazikazi zimabereka ana a 5-6 kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 pachaka.

Maimidwe opindika

Wokhala ku Arctic ndi subarctic tundra kuchokera kugombe lakummawa kwa Nyanja Yoyera kupita ku Bering Strait, kuphatikiza Novaya ndi Severnaya Zemlya. Rentoyi ndi wa 11 mpaka 14 cm ikhoza kupezeka komwe moss, birch wofunda ndi msondodzi amakula, m'malo onyowa ndi m'miyala tundra.

Dzinali linaperekedwa chifukwa cha zibwano ziwiri zapakati pazitseko zam'maso, zomwe zimawoneka ngati chisanu.

M'nyengo yotentha, nyamayo imakhala imvi. Pamimba, chovalacho ndi imvi chakuda, chingwe chakuda chakuda chimathamangira kumbuyo, ndipo pali "mphete" yowoneka bwino pakhosi. Pofika nthawi yozizira, mtundu wa ubweya umayamba kuzimiririka.

Amadya masamba / mphukira za birch ndi msondodzi, mbali zam'mlengalenga / ma buliberries ndi ma toroweru. Amakonda kusungira chakudya m'makola, momwe mandimu nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yonse yotentha. Apa ana (5-6) amawonekera katatu pachaka.

Amatenga causative othandizira a leptospirosis ndi tularemia.

Kudula mitengo

Utoto wakuda wonyezimira womwe umalemera mpaka 45 g wokhala ndi banga lofiirira kumbuyo. Amakhala mu taiga kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku Kamchatka ndi Mongolia (kumpoto), komanso ku North North. Amasankha nkhalango (zophatikizika ndi zosakanikirana), pomwe mbewa zimamera zochuluka.

Ma mandmings amtchire amapatsa malita atatu pachaka, mwa iliyonse yamtunda uliwonse wamtunda 4 mpaka 6.

Amadziwika kuti ndiwotengera wa chilengedwe cha tularemia bacillus.

Norming Lemming

Akuluakulu amakula mpaka 15 cm. Amakhala paphiri la mapiri a Kola Peninsula ndi Scandinavia. Kusamukira, kumayambira mu taiga ndi nkhalango-tundra.

Chomwe chimatsimikizidwa kwambiri pazakudya ndizobiriwira moss, chimanga, reindeer moss ndi sedge, osapereka lingonberry ndi buluu.

Imakutidwa ndi utoto, ndipo mzere wakuda wowala umakokedwa kumbuyo kwa taye. Woseketsa kukumba mabowo, amayang'ana malo okhalamo achilengedwe, kumene amabala ana ambiri: mpaka ana 7 mu zinyalala chimodzi. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yotentha, maimoni amtundu wa ku Noriko amabweretsa malita anayi.

Lemming waku Siberi

Poyerekeza ndi mandimu ena apakhomo, imadziwikiratu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo: mkazi amakhala ndi malita asanu pachaka, lirilonse lomwe amabereka ana awiri mpaka 13.

Amakhala m'malo a tundra a Russian Federation kuchokera ku Northern Dvina kumadzulo kupita kummawa Kolyma, komanso zilumba zosankhidwa za Arctic Ocean.

Ndi kulemera kwa 45 mpaka 130 g, nyamayo imafika mpaka masentimita 14-16. M'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe imapakidwa chimodzimodzi - mumtundu wachikaso chofiira ndi chingwe chakuda chikuyenda kumbuyo.

Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo masamba obiriwira, sedge, zitsamba za tundra. Monga lamulo, amakhala mu chisanu mu zisa zofanana ndi mipira yopangidwa ndi masamba ndi masamba.

Ndiwonyamula pseudotuberculosis, tularemia ndi hemorrhagic fever.

Chida chamagulu

Kuzizira, mitundu ina ya mandimu imaponda pakhosi pakukhumba kwawo kuti azikhala okha ndikuwunjikana. Akazi omwe ali ndi ana amaphatikizidwa kudera linalake, ndipo anyani amphongo amayenda m'nkhalango ndi tundra kufunafuna masamba abwino.

Ngati pali chakudya chochuluka ndipo palibe matalala akuthwa, anthu okhala ndi mandimu amakula ndi kudumphadumpha, kubereka ngakhale pansi pa chipale chofewa komanso kusangalatsa nyama zolusa zomwe zimadyera makoswe a kumpoto awa.

Nyama zam'mimba zambiri zimabadwa, zimalemera kwambiri ndi nkhandwe ya arctic, ermine, ndi kadzidzi yoyera.

Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati makoswe aperewera, kadzidzi sayeseranso kuyikira mazira, podziwa kuti sangadyetse anapiye ake. Nyama zing'onozing'ono zimakakamiza nkhandwe ya arctic kuti ichoke ikufuna nyama kuchokera ku tundra kupita ku taiga.

Makoswe othana ndi chisanu amakhala zaka 1 mpaka 2.

Kuswana

Njira yochepa yamoyo imathandizira chonde chambiri komanso chonde cham'mimba chambiri.

Akazi amalowa m'mabere akatha miyezi iwiri, ndipo amphongo amatha umuna atakwanitsa milungu 6. Mimba imatenga milungu itatu ndipo imakwaniritsidwa pakubadwa kwa michere yaying'ono ya 4-6. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinyalala pachaka ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Mphamvu zakulera zamakolo a kumpoto sizimadalira nthawi yazaka - iwo amabweretsa ana awo pansi pa chipale chofewa kwambiri. Pansi pa kutundira kwa chipale chofewa, nyama zimamanga chisa, kuyiyika ndi masamba ndi udzu.

Mmenemu, m'badwo watsopano wa mandimu umabadwa.