Nsomba zokhala ndi Carp m'madzi am'madzi ndizomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu ya viviparous. Mulimonsemo, guppies, mollies, pecilia ndi malupanga amadziwika ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene - makamaka chifukwa cha kuphweka kosunga ndi kubereka.
Koma kutsegula cyprinids ndizochepa kwambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti kusamalira ndi kubereka ndizovuta kuposa viviparous. Koma ngati mumvetsetsa zamomwe nsomba zimakhalira, ndiye kuti mavuto amabwera pokhapokha magawo oyamba. Ndipo njira yosavuta kwambiri yoyambira kuphunzira spypning cyprinids ndi nkhaniyi.
Habitat
Malo obadwira pamtunduwu ndi madambo, nyanja ndi malo ena okhala m'chipululu cha "Wild West" ku USA kumapeto kwa Mtsinje wa Colado mdera la mayiko amakono ku California, Arizona, Nevada, komanso kumpoto kwa Mexico. Komabe? m'zaka zaposachedwa afalikira ku America konse - amagwiritsa ntchito kulimbana ndi udzudzu.
Izi ndi zakale kwambiri zachilengedwe, pali umboni wofukula kuti Karpozubiki adakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zamchere zam'chipululu. Pafupifupi zaka 10 zapitazo, mkati mwa Pleistocene, kumapeto kwa madzi oundana omaliza, nyanja zimayamba kuuma, ndikusandutsa malo ena ang'onoang'ono opatula. Pali mitundu 13 yodziwika, ndi mitundu ingapo. Ambiri aiwo amapezeka mu nkhokwe imodzi yokha, yomwe imawapangitsa kuti afike kuderalo.
Mwachilengedwe, amatha kukhala mozama kwambiri, yosavomerezeka ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsomba. Amadyanso udzudzu ndi mphutsi zina, masamba, ndi nkhono.
Kufotokozera
Thupi limakhala lalifupi, m'malo mopupuma, mutu wake ndi waukulu. Kapangidwe kam kamwa kamakhala kosavuta kuti kagwire nyama kuchokera pansi. Zipsepsezo ndizazikulu, zozungulira, kumapeto kwa fongo kumakhala pafupi ndi kumbuyo kwa thupi. Mtunduwu suodabwitsa - ndiw maolivi wopaka mautoto angapo wakuda, koma munthawi yotambalala wamwamuna amasintha mochititsa chidwi, ndikukhala utawaleza.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Ndi amitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, amalandira mosangalala mitundu yonse yauma (masamba, ma granules), achisanu ndi chakudya chamoyo (magazi am'mimba, mphutsi za udzudzu, tubule, brimp shrimp kwa achinyamata).
Amachokera m'madzi, machitidwe omwe amasintha mosinthika, chifukwa chake, sizovuta kusunga Desert Carpines mu aquarium yakunyumba. Chotenthetsera chimodzi chimatha kupereka kutentha kwambiri kupitirira 25 ° C, koma ngati kusweka ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa chotenthetsera chosatha, apo ayi nsomba imatha kulowa m'mazira kutentha akamatsika. Madzi apamwamba amapereka zosefera ndipo zimakhala zatsopano mlungu uliwonse. Aquarium iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chivindikiro kuti tipewe kutuluka mwangozi. Madzi osokoneza bongo amafunikira, kuchuluka kwa mchere wam'nyanja ndi masipuni atatu (opanda slide) pa malita 10 a madzi.
Kupanga pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. Nsomba zimayamika gawo laling'ono la mchenga lomwe mumatha kukumba. Monga zokongoletsera, miyala yambiri ndi mbewu zimayambira ndikuyandama), zosinthidwa ndi mchere, ndizoyenera. Kuwala kumakhala kofooka kapena kosapumira.
Khalidwe pamagulu
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amadziwo, oimira amtundu umodzi wokha ndi omwe amawerengedwa kuti ndi oyandikana nawo mu aquarium. Kusamalira bwino kumatheka ndi Carlos ina. Akazi ndi amtendere, amatha kukhala m'dera la anthu angapo, amuna, m'malo mwake, amakonda kukhala pawekha, kapena amuna awiri / akazi, amawonetsa malo, makamaka nthawi yakubzala.
Kuswana / kuswana
Nyengo ya kuswana imatha kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Okutobala. Kukonzekera kufalikira kumatha kutsimikizika pakusintha mtundu wamphongo. Munthawi imeneyi, akuyamba kuteteza mwamphamvu gawo lake kuchokera kwa onse koma akazi. Pambuyo pakupanga chibwenzi pang'ono, mkaziyo amaikira dzira limodzi nthawi. Mazira angapo adzaikidwa m'maola ochepa, nthawi yonse yoposa zana.
Kutambalala kumalimbikitsidwa mu thanki yapadera yokhala ndi madzi amodzimodzi, monga momwe zimakhalira m'madzi ambiri. Kuteteza mazira, perekani mbewu zazing'ono zomwe zimapanga chivundikiro chokulirapo ndipo zimatha kunyamula madzi akumwa. Ndi momwe mazira adzaikidwire, pamene chibwenzi chatha ndipo mkazi akasiya kuyikira mazira, makolo achotsedwe mwachangu kuchokera ku malo osambira omwe amakhala. Nsomba zimakonda kudya ana awo.
The mwachangu zimawonekera m'masiku 6-10, tsiku lotsatira kwambiri amatha kudyetsedwa ndi ma ciliates, ndipo akamakula amatha kusinthira ku artemia. Amakula msanga, amakula msanga pofika miyezi iwiri ndi itatu.
Mitundu ina ya mayina
The diabolical carpfish ili ndi dzina lasayansi - Cyprinodon diabolis. Okonda zachilengedwe amatcha nsomba zosowa - mdyerekezi hole ndi carp-dzino (lochokera ku chingelezi cha Chingelezi cha satana).
Kalipentala wa Mdyerekezi (Cyprinodon diabolis).
Mbiri yopezeka pamtunduwu
Demon-carp-dzino lidapezeka kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1890, dzina la wobululi silikudziwika. Kulongosola kwa sayansi kwa mitundu yapaderayo kunayambitsidwa ndi wasayansi wazomera Joseph Wales mu 1930. Carpenter wa Mdyerekezi ndi nsomba zakale kuchokera ku Pliocene komwe kumakhala kodzipatula ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Mtunduwu wakhala ulipo padziko lathu lapansi zaka 30,000 mpaka 50,000.
Zambiri paz nsomba za Killi
Killy ndi gulu lalikulu la nsomba, kuphatikizapo mitundu yaku America ndi ku Africa. Ambiri aiwo ndi nsomba zazing'ono (6 - 12 cm) zodziwika bwino. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo, adalandira dzina lachiwiri - "pike." Ngakhale, mwachilengedwe, ophera alibe ubale ndi piki weniweni.
Pazonse, pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya cyprinids yomwe imayamba. Koma zovuta ndi kubereka zakhala chifukwa chakuti m'mazithunzithunzi am'madzi mumatha kupeza mitundu yochepa chabe. Komabe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zotere ndi yokwanira kupeza mtundu womwe umapezeka m'mizinda yanu.
M'malo achilengedwe, ma kilion amakhala m'madzi otseguka, komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana: Mitundu ina imatha kuvomereza mosavuta kuchuluka kwa madzi am'madzi, ena amathandizira kutentha mpaka madigiri 50, etc. Palinso nsomba zomwe zimakonda kukhala m'madzi omwe amayenda munyanja - amasambira popanda madzi amchere.
Koma, mulingo waukulu wa killy ndi nyanja zazing'ono, ngalande, kapena mafinya. Kuchokera apa, panjira, mayina awo amabweranso ("kupha" kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Dutch - "dzenje" kapena "dziwe laling'ono"). Izi zikulongosola kuthekera kochititsa chidwi kuzolowera nyengo zovuta kwambiri kukhalapo, komanso mawonekedwe a kuzungulira kwa kili ambiri.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya killy
M'masitolo aliwonse a ziweto kapena msika wa mbalame, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cyprinids imakhala yotalikirapo. Koma ngati simutenga chidwi ndi iris ndi atherin, ndikungoyang'ana mtundu wamakedzana, muyenera kusankha, kuchokera ku mitundu ingapo.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamatumbo yomwe ndimatcha izi:
- Afiosemion Gardner ndi tinsomba tating'ono ku Africa. Thupi laomwe limayimira oyimira banja lino ndi lalitali, ndi mawonekedwe a mutu. Caudal kumaliza ndi maluwa ena awiri omwe amapitako ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe a lyre. Kukula kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu ndi masentimita 6.5. Akaziwa ndi amvi komanso osathandiza, koma amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala amtambo wonyezimira, okhala ndi mawanga ofiira komanso kukokana kwa chikasu. Sikovuta kukhala ndi ma amphiosemions; chinthu chachikulu sikukuwonjezera madzi (madigiri 25). Amathandizanso kuwonjezera mchere, ngakhale pang'ono.
- Notobranchius Rakhova ndi mtundu wina wa ku Africa womwe umapezeka ku savannah waku East Africa. Kuyanika kwakanthawi kwa nyanja zazing'onoting'ono ndi ngalandezi kunasiya chizindikiro pa moyo wa notobranchius (kumayikira mazira pansi, ndipo mazira nawonso amatha kupirira chilala kwanthawi yayitali). Kukula kwa nsomba sikamapitirira 6 cm, mawonekedwe amthupi ndi amtali, ndi pakamwa patali. Zachikazi sizimagwira, koma zazimuna zimatha kudzitama ndi utoto wowala bwino.
Mitundu iwiriyi yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi yabwino kudziwa luso la kusunga ndi kubereka ma cyprinid mu aquariums.
Amapha m'madzimo
Mitundu yosavuta ikhoza kusungidwa pafupifupi m'mizinda iliyonse - "njira yotetezedwa" yamakoloyi ndikwanira. Koma ngati mukufuna kupatsa nsomba nsomba zambiri, komanso makamaka ngati mukufuna kubereka, ndiye kuti muyenera kutsatira malangizowo:
- Makulidwe oyenerera kwambiri am'madzi amachokera ku malita 20 kapena kupitirira. Zophatikizira za Volumetric (kuchokera ku 100 l) zosunga nsomba za banja lino sizabwino kwambiri: mu kilous, nkhonya za intraspecific zimatchulidwa kwambiri, mwakuti ndi kudziunjikira kwakukulu, mikangano singapewe.
- Ndikofunika kuti dothi ndi khoma lakumbuyo kwa aquarium likhale lakuda. Chifukwa chake timakhala ndi chikhalidwe chosiyanasiyana chomwe anyani adzawoneka wokongola momwe angathere. Mu thanki yokhala ndi dothi lopepuka, ndizothekanso kukhala ndi ma killy, koma mwa izi 'zimatha'.
- Kuti muchepetse kusamvana ndikuchepetsa nkhawa, onetsetsani kuti mukuwonjezera pogona mu aquarium. Zomera ndizoyenera bwino - mwina kuthengo kapena ndi masamba akulu.
- Madzi samatenga mbali kapena pang'ono acidic, yokhazikika, ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20 mpaka 24. Pofuna kusamalira bwino mitundu ina, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mchere kumadzi.
- Ndikofunika kwambiri kulinganiza bwino kudyetsa. Killi pafupifupi alibe chidwi ndi chakudya chouma, motero muyenera kugula chakudya chamoyo (ma cellworm, tinthu tating'ono, daphnia, coretra), kapena achisanu. Mukamadyetsa ndi "kuzizira", ndikofunikira kuyatsa compressor kuti chakudya chizikhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi - amadya kili kuchokera pansi.
- Njira yabwino kwambiri yodyetsera ndi nthawi 2 pa tsiku, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono (zonse ziyenera kudyedwa m'mphindi 10). Pokonzekera kuwaza, nyamayi imadyetsedwa katatu patsiku, ndipo nsomba zazikulu zomwe sizikukonzekera kuti zizidulitsana zimatha kusamutsidwa ku nthawi imodzi.
Mwachilengedwe, mafundewo sakhala zaka zopitilira ndi theka. Koma ngati muwapatsa iwo malo abwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti moyo wa nsomba umakulira mpaka zaka 2-3.
Kupha nsomba
Fotokozerani mwachidule momwe mabungwe amafalikira m'magulu onse awiri:
- Poyambirira, malo ena ochepa (mpaka malita 10) amadzaza ndi mbewu zam'mera kapena zina zing'onozing'ono. Denga la peat crumb, lomwe limaphikidwa kale kwa theka la ora, limayikidwa pansi. Akazi amamera ndi amuna awiri, kenako mazira amadzilimbitsa thupi kwa milungu iwiri pamtunda wama 26 degrees. Ngati caviar yaikidwapo mzere wa peat, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kukhetsa madziwo, ndikusiya pafupifupi masentimita 2-3. Kuti mulimbikitse kugwiriridwa, mutha kupukuta peat, kenako ndikuidzaza ndi madzi atsopano ndi kuuma pang'ono.
- Pachiwiri, kuwaza kumadzodzanso ndi peat crumb. Thirani mphamvu ndi madzi ofewa pang'ono acidic pamlingo wa masentimita 15. Kwa milungu itatu kapena inayi, wamphongo mmodzi ndi akazi awiri azikhala pamalo owaza. Pambuyo pa izi, peat yokhala ndi caviar imasefa, kuyanika ndikusungidwa kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, mazira amadzaza ndikuthira peat m'madzi ozizira (pafupifupi madigiri 17) madzi ofewa kwambiri. Fry amaswedwa mazira amakula msanga, ndipo mwezi ukatha amatha kuphika kutulutsa.
Monga mukuwonera, kusiyanitsa ndi zomwe zapa killy, sizophweka kubereka. Koma njirayi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo popeza mwalandira ana kamodzi, mudzakonda banja laling'ono ndi lokongola kwambiri.
Kufalikira kwa Mdyerekezi
Zojambula zamtundu wa ziwanda zimakhala m'malo amodzi padziko lapansi, yomwe ili mu Chigwa cha Death ku USA. Nyanja yaing'ono ya Devils Hole Cave ili pakuya mamita 15.
Nsomba zapadera zimakhala pakati pa "ngalande yamadzi" - chizindikiro cha 20 mamitala ndi pamwamba pamadzi.
Kukula kwa nyanjayi ndizochepa ndipo ndi 5 × 3.5 × 3 mamita, kutentha kwa madzi kumasungidwa mkati mwa 32-38 ° C.
Dona la a Diabolo lili ku Death Valley National Park. Chigwacho chinalandira dzina loyipa chotere osati mwamwayi, chifukwa malowa ndi otentha komanso owuma kwambiri padziko lapansi, kutentha kwa chilimwe kumafika madigiri 50 Celsius.
The diabolical carpfish imangokhala mu nyanja yaying'ono ya Dyils Hole, yomwe ili mu Chigwa cha Imfa.
M'malo mwake, Satan's Hole ndi kaphanga kakang'ono komwe kamapangidwa zaka zoposa 500,000 zapitazo, kamadzaza madzi kuchokera kuma akasupe amadzi. Kuzama kwambiri kwa phanga ndi 91.4 mita. Mutha kulowa mmalo mwa Mdierekezi kuchokera padziko lapansi, malowa ndi 2 x 5 ndipo ndi waya wokhala ndi mita 2 wokhala ndi waya wotchingidwa ndipo umamangidwa ndi zomverera zoyenda. Chifukwa chake asayansi akuteteza zachilengedwe zomwe zatsala - mdierekezi za karpozubik.
Kubala kwa mmisiri wamatabwa
Mbedza zamtunduwu zimatulutsa chaka chonse, koma nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana, monga nsomba zomwe sizimayikira mazira zimakonda kudya kuchokera kwa abale awo.
Devil's Carpenties ndi mtundu wokhala pangozi wa nsomba zokhala ndi ray.
Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nsomba za mdierekezi
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha diabolical karpozubik kwathunthu zimadalira zochitika zachuma: nzika zam'deralo zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi a nyanjayi, kotero madziwo akumakhala akucheperachepera.
Palinso lingaliro la "botolo mu genetics," lomwe limakhudza molakwika kupanga nsomba. Kutsatira kukhazikitsidwa ndi Khothi Lalikulu Kwambiri ku U.S. pankhani yokhudza kusungidwa kwa malo okhala ndi mizimu yonyansa, mkhalidwe wazachilengedwe unasintha pang'ono.
Kuteteza zachilengedwe
Akatswiri amaganiza kuti dzino la Carp la Mdyerekezi wa Hole ndiwosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuzindikira izi kumveka bwino ngati tiganizira kuti pali anthu 38 okha omwe adakhala munyanjayi. Uku ndiye kutha kwa zinthu, ngati sichoncho.
Njira zoyambilira zoteteza nsomba zapadera za carp zinayamba mu 1952, pamene a Hole a Mdyerekezi adakhala gawo la Chigwa cha Imfa ndikukhala malo okongola. Mu 1967, nsomba zidaphatikizidwanso m'ndandanda wazamoyo zomwe zasowa. Ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri, Council for the Conservation of Desert Fish idatetezera khothi ufulu wa carp, poganiza kuti ndizosaloledwa kuti alimi azigwiritsa ntchito madzi othirira, omwe amawononga malo okhala nsomba.
Karpozubiki, osayikira mazira, amadya ndi abale awo mwakufuna kwawo.
Chiyambire ma 1970s omaliza, ntchito yakhala ikuchitika mobwerezabwereza kuti ipangitse kufananiza kwa Mdyerekezi (Hole) wa Mdierekezi kuti akhazikitsenso mano a carp mwa iwo. Koma kutha kwa mitundu yachilendo kunapitilira.
Ndipo m'chilimwe cha 2004, nsomba zidapulumuka tsoka lina lachilengedwe: munthawi yamadzi, kusefukira kwa zida za sayansi kudagwa munyanjayi, ndipo gawo lina la anthu lidamwalira.
Mu Novembala 2005, anthu 84 okha ndi omwe adapezeka, omwe anali atakonda kale nthawi imeneyo, koma akatswiri sataya chiyembekezo chobwezeretsa manambala.
The diabolical carpfish amalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Records ngati mitundu yowopsa kwambiri ya nsomba.
USFWS ku United States idagawa $ 4,500,000 kuti imange malo oteteza nsomba a Ash Meadows ku Nevada mchaka cha 2013 kuti abwezeretse nsomba zamoto. M'kati mwa phanga lotchingidwa, chilengedwe chinapangidwa momwe karpozubik imakhalira, kutentha kwa madzi kwa madigiri 34 Celsius, mpweya wambiri komanso mpweya wambiri m'madzi.
Poona akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe akuti nsomba ku Ash Meadows poyambirira zimayika mazira muukapolo. Kuyesera konse koyambira kwa mbadwa za Mdyerekezi wa Hole kunja kwa Cave Hole ya Mdyerekezi sikuchita bwino. Kuti achulukitse nsomba zamtundu wapadera, akatswiri a sayansi ochokera ku Ash Meadows Center amatola mazira mu kugwa, pomwe chiwerengerochi chikukula. Zojambula zamatsenga za satana zimapezeka chaka chonse.Koma nthawi yabwino yowoneka mwachangu ndi masabata 10 okha, ndiye kuti caviar imasonkhanitsidwa pazinthu zosakanikirana ndipo munthawi yomwe kupulumuka kwamwana wachinyamata ndi kotsika kwambiri.
Scuba divers kawiri pachaka amatsikira mu Hole ya Mdyerekezi kuti awerenge nsomba zapadera.
A Stephen Basinger, pulofesa ku yunivesite ya California, University of California, m'modzi mwa omwe adachita nawo ntchitoyi kuti abwezeretse kuchuluka kwa carpfish, akuti "kufunika koteteza ndikusunga nsomba zamtunduwu m'phanga la Devils Hole ndi kwina ndikokulirapo kuposa kale.
Mwanjira iyi, nsomba zocheperazi zimatha kupulumuka kwambiri nyengo yamadzi oundana, komanso m'malo ovuta a m'chipululu, komanso kutentha kwanyengo, patatha zaka pafupifupi sikisi sauzande. ”
A Terry Boldino, nthumwi ya park ya Death Valley, adanena malingaliro ake pankhaniyi, kutetezedwa kwa mitundu yachilendo kunali kopindulitsa kwambiri ngati nsomba zosowa zikadakhala zotchuka pakati pa anthuwa: "koma anthu omwewo akabwera kuno, mudzayang'ane m'chipululu ndikuyamba kuwona carp, akuti: "O, ndizosadabwitsa, pali nsomba pano!".
Chifukwa chake ntchito yathu ndikufotokozera kuti nsomba izi ndizofunika komanso zofunikira monga zimbalangondo zabwino komanso zowoneka bwino. ”
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.