1. Mbendera ndi nyama zazikulu zokwanira omwe ali nthumwi zabanjayi.
2. Nyama izi zimakhala m'ma kontinenti onse, kupatula ku Antarctica: ku North America, Europe (kupatula kumpoto kwa Scandinavia peninsula ndi Finland), Africa, kumadzulo kwa Canada. malo amakhala ndi Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, Asia Minor ndi Western Asia.
3. Zikwangwani zimapezeka kumapiri a Alpine, m'nkhalango, pagombe, malo otseguka komanso minda.
4. Badger amakonda osakaniza ndi taiga, nthawi zina nkhalango zamapiri, kumwera amakhalanso gawo la mapiri ndi chipululu chocheperako.
5. Iwo akusowa adzauma, m'madera bwino chatsanulidwa ili pafupi amatunga kapena otsika m'madambo kumene mungapeze kwambiri chakudya.
6. Woyipa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe odziwika bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuti azisokoneza ndi nyama iliyonse. Kutalika kwa mbendera yayikulu kumatenga 60 mpaka 90 cm, kutalika kwa mchira wake ndi 20-24 cm, kulemera mpaka 24 makilogalamu, ndipo nthawi ya hibernation isanakule, imakwera mpaka 34 kg.
7. thupi chachikulu, achilendo mu mawonekedwe, omwe akufanana ndi mphero imatsogoleredwa patsogolo, ndi zikuchepa mwapang'ono elongated kuipanikiza woonda. Khosi limakhala lalifupi kwambiri, limakhala losaoneka.
8. miyendo ndiyifupi, yayikulu. Zala kutha ndi zikhadabu yaitali yosamveka bwino yosayenera kukumba.
9. Tsitsi lonyansa ndiloyipa. Kumbuyo ndi mbali zake ndi zofiirira zokhala ndi tint yasiliva, thupi limakhala lakuda pansipa.
10. Nkhope ya yoongoka ali chokongoletsedwa ndi awiri mikwingwirima mdima kuti Tambasula ku mphuno ndi makutu.
Badger wamba
11. Mu chikwama cha ku Europe kapena cha wamba, mtundu wa ubweya ukhoza kukhala wosiyana: yoyera, yofiirira kapena yakuda, kulemera kwake kumachokera pa 4 mpaka 12 kilogalamu.
12. dimorphism kugonana si mmene kwa yoongoka; akazi ndi amuna a mitundu amaoneka mofanana kunja.
13. Badger pafupifupi alibe adani achilengedwe. Zowopsa zake ndi nkhandwe, lynx ndi galu, zonse zapakhomo ndi zakuthengo. amphaka Wild, mphungu, ndi anthu komanso ke kuwononga yoongoka.
14. Woyipa amakhala m'chilengedwe kwa zaka 10-12, ali mu ukapolo, chiyembekezo cha moyo chikuchulukitsa mpaka zaka 16.
15. Kuti awopseze mdani wawo, ma badger nthawi zambiri amawaza madzi onunkhira kuchokera kumisempha yawo. Iwo akhoza athamangitse nyama ndi lalikulu monga nkhandwe, coyote ndi chimbalangondo.
16. Badger ndi nyama yosangalala kwambiri. Nthano kuti iye “adzakhala wopanda chiyembekezo,” sizomveka. Akatumbu amakonda kusewera ndi abale ake, ndi kuwonera "maphwando abwenzi."
17. Mbendera ndi nyama zopatsa chidwi, koma chakudya cha nyama ndizambiri mu zakudya zawo. Izi ndi: makoswe onga mbewa, achule, abuluzi, mbalame ndi mazira, tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake, anyani, nyongoloka. Komanso, yoongoka kudya bowa, zipatso, mtedza ndi udzu.
18. Kusaka, chikwangwala chimazungulira gawo lalikulupo, kudutsa m'mitengo yodulidwa, ndikudula makungwa a mitengo ndi zitsa, pomwe zoboweka ndi mbozi.
19. Mbendera ikakhala nthawi yayitali ikasaka achule 50 kapena 70, mazana a tizilombo ndi mphutsi. Pa tsiku amafunika 500 ga chakudya, akudya kwambiri yekha pamaso hibernation, pamene akudya ndi kuyamba kuyenda pa mafuta, tsogolo gwero la zakudya kwa dzinja lonse.
20. Badger alibe masomphenya abwino, amakakamizidwa ndi fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala ndikumva.
21. Mwambiri, woipa amakhala kunyumba - pabowo. Kwawo ndi zabwino kwambiri, woyera ndi umenewu nsikidzi. Mwambiri, chilombochi chimadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwa oimira gulu loyera kwambiri.
22. Mbendera zimakhala m'malo okumbika kwambiri pansi pa mapiri amchenga, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'malire a nkhalango. Iwo amagwira kwambiri kwa mtunda limene iwo akukhala, komanso pochitika minks awo ku mibadwomibadwo.
23. Kapangidwe kakale kakang'ono ndi kachulukidwe kokhala ndi mapando apansi panthaka pomwe pamakhala mipata 40-50 yolowera ndi mpweya wabwino, imakhala ndi mitsinje yayitali (5-10 metres) yomwe imatsogolera kuzipinda zazikuluzikulu za 2-3. Zotsalazo zimayikidwa pansi pa chitetezo cham'magazi osagwirizana ndi madzi, pakuya pafupifupi mamitala 5, kuti mvula ndi madzi apansi asatayikemo, ndikuyika ladzala ndi zinyalala zowuma.
24. anthu osakwatira kapena osakwatiwa, kamakumba una ali ophweka, zida ndi khomo limodzi ndi chipinda kukaikira mazira. Zikwangwani zimasunga dongosolo lawo ndikumatsuka, ndikusintha zinyalala nthawi zonse.
25. "Makongoletsedwe" amtundu woyipa amatha kukhalapo pawokha komanso kumbali ndi ena. Nthawizina bowo limodzi mungapeze mabanja 2-3. Ndipo, mwa njira, "m'modzi" aliyense amakhala mwamtendere.
Badger Honey Badger
26. analibe mantha ndi woimira yoongoka - uchi akatumbu. Kodi amapanga zovuta ziti mu nyama? Amaba ana a nkhumba, kudya chakudya chamkango, kumadya njoka zapoizoni "zokoma".
27. yoongoka amakonda kukumba kamakumba una yaikulu ndi Mipikisano tiered; ngati inu kupita mwakuya mu nthaka poyerekeza mamita asanu, mungapeze zipinda kukaikira mazira komwe oposa 20 yoongoka moyo.
28. Thupi loyipa limakonda kukumba, zala zake zimakhala zowoneka bwino komanso zibwano zazitali, khosi limakhala lalifupi kwambiri ndipo chifukwa cha thupi lalikulu, limatsamira miyendo yayifupi, limakankhira thupi pansi.
29. Ana onse amabadwa pafupifupi tsiku lomwelo. Ana mu yoongoka zambiri anabadwa wosawona, ndipo masomphenya awo ayamba kukhala a zaka zapakati pa masabata 4 kapena 6.
30. Badger samangolekerera kukhazikika nyengo yachisanu, koma amadzidyetsanso okha. Chifukwa chake, zabwino zawo ndi uchi. Kukonzekera bwino nyengo yozizira, kulemera kumawonjezera kangapo. Osangokhala chifukwa cha kukoma uku. Chilichonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono, nyama ndi zomera.
31. Mu autumn, yoongoka kupanga awiriawiri, koma nthawi mating ndi umuna zosiyana, chifukwa mu kusintha mu nthawi ya mimba, amene amakhala ndi nthawi siteji zobisika. Mimba, chifukwa chake, imatenga masiku 271 (ngati matulani amachitika nthawi ya chilimwe) mpaka masiku 450 (ngati matulani amachitika nthawi yozizira).
32. Akazi achichepere amafika msinkhu wazaka 2, amuna amuna azaka zitatu.
ana 33. Kuchokera 2 mpaka 6 amabadwa: ku Europe - kuchokera December kwa April, mu Russia - kuchokera March kuti April. Ndipo zazikazi zimangoyambanso nthawi yomweyo.
34. Masomphenya a ana achichepere amadulidwa ali ndi zaka 35- 35, pakatha miyezi itatu achinyamata atha kudzipezera okha chakudya.
35. akatumbu toyesa apasuke pamaso hibernation, m'dzinja.
36. Kuwona chikwangwani si ntchito yophweka. Ndipo zonse chifukwa nyamayi imakhala ndi moyo wosangalala usiku ndipo imakonda kukhala maola ake onse mugawo. M'mawa, iwo zingaoneke mpaka 8 koloko madzulo - kuchokera 17-18.
37. Badger amasankha wokwatirana naye yemwe amakhala moyo wake wonse.
38. Mphamvu za anthu pa nyama iyi ndizosadabwitsa ndipo zitha kukhala zabwino komanso zoipa. Chifukwa cha ntchito zachuma, zakudya ndi chilengedwe cha kamakumba una akatumbu angathe bwino.
39. Koma kugawanika kwa malo achilengedwe ndi misewu kumabweretsa kuti ambiri mbendera amafera m'mabande. Mosasamala zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa zoyipa zomwe zimasaka ndikuwonongeka kwa mabowo.
40. Izi ndi mitundu pakati marten kuti hibernates kwa dzinja. Kumpoto, kuzizira kwa nyengo yozizira pa badger kumayamba mu Okutobala-Novembala ndipo kumatenga mpaka Marichi-Epulo, kumwera kwa mtunduwo nyengo yachisanu yofatsa, nyama zimakhalabe zogwira chaka chonse.
41. Badger imatha kuthamanga kuthamanga pafupifupi makilomita 30 pa ola limodzi.
42. ntchito akatumbu kwa anthu kuti zakudya zimapezekanso invertebrates, tizirombo wa mitengo ndi ulimi Mwachitsanzo, mphutsi wa May kachilomboka.
Zikopa za akatumbu sizofunika kwenikweni; ubweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga brisili ndi maburashi, mwachitsanzo, kutsuka.
44. Tizikumbukira kuti ma bebi amatha kuvomereza matenda owopsa monga matenda a chiwewe komanso chifuwa cha ng'ombe.
45. yoongoka si aukali zilombo zolusa ndi anthu, nthawi zambiri amangokhala ndi chikopa m'maenje, koma choipa akatumbu adzadziguguda pachifuwa ndi mphuno yake ndi kuluma wopalamulayo ake pamaso kuthawa.
Badger mu heraldry
46. Badger ndi chizindikiro chotchuka. Choncho, nyama za pa chovala mikono ya Meghreg kuthetsa kumidzi mu Republic of Karelia (a toponym "myagra" amatanthauza "akatumbu"), komanso pa chovala mikono ya Kuytezh kuthetsa kumidzi a Republic of Karelia. Mbidzi yofanana ndi nkhumba imawonetsedwa pamakhalidwe akumzinda wa Shenkursk.
47. Badger akusintha kwambiri chilengedwe. complexly anamanga ake kamakumba una zimakhudzanso nthaka, komanso majeremusi amene amakhala mu izo.
48. M'malo omwe muli mabowo ambiri oyipa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera imayamba kukula, yomwe imakulitsa mtundu wa biogeocenosis.
49. Kuphatikiza apo, mabowo amiyala imakhala phokoso la ankhandwe, agalu achimbudzi ndi mitundu ina ya nyama momwe amathawira nyengo, kuwopsa ndi kuswana.
50. Mu Red Book of Union la International kwa Conservation ya Nature (IUCN), katumbu ali pa mndandanda wa mitundu ndi kuopseza osachepera kutha. Ndiye kuti, zamtunduwu ndizofala, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo ndikokhazikika.
Badger
Akatumbu ndi nyama zolusa yekha woimira mtundu wa mitengo yoongoka. Chilombo chaching'ono chomwechi chimakhala ndi chovala chachitali, chomwe chili ndi mtundu wamtunduwu. Maonekedwe a thupi lake amafanana ndi dontho kapena gawo: thupi laling'ono kumapeto kwa mutu limakulikira mchira. The akatumbu ali miyendo lonse lalifupi, zomwe zili ndi yosamveka chiombankhanga yaitali, kupanga zosavuta kumasula nthaka wandiweyani. Mukamayenda, mbiyayo imapumira kumapazi ake onse. Kuwona bwino komanso kununkhira kwakanthawi kumalola wochita zoipa kuti azikhala moyo wachisangalalo.
M'litali, nyama ukufika 60-90 masentimita, osati kuwerengera kutalika kwa mchira, ndiwo za masentimita 20. The akatumbu akulemera ku makilogalamu 24 ndi 34, ndipo amuna amakhala akuluakulu kuposa zazikazi. Kuchuluka kwa nyamayi kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nyengo: madzulo a hibernation, kulemera kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, popeza pofika nthawi yachisanu nyamayi imapeza mafuta ochulukirapo. Zikwangwani zimakhala ndi khosi lalifupi komanso phokoso lalitali ndi maso ang'onoang'ono komanso makutu ang'onoang'ono. Chirombo ali chigaza chachikulu, arches ake zygomatic bwino anakamba. Chiwerengero cha mano ndi 34 kapena 36, ma fangayo sanapangidwe bwino, zomangira zakumbuyo zapindika malo omwe amalola kutafuna chakudya chomera. Pamiyendo yachitetezo pali zala zisanu zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali zopindika.
Chirombo ali coarse yaitali odula ndi zofewa lalifupi undercoat. Ubweya wammbuyo ndi mbali zakepi lake ndi zofiirira zofiirira, m'mimba mwake mumakhala utoto wakuda, ndipo pamizere yoyera yayitali ya nyamayo, yolowera pamphuno mpaka m'makutu, ikuwonekera bwino. Tsitsi lomwe lili kumapeto kwa khutu ndi loyera. Pakhosi ndi pafupifupi wakuda. Malekezero akuipa ali ndi khungu lakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimawoneka zowala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa chilimwe. Kukhetsa akuyamba m'chaka ndi kukupitirirabe chilimwe: choyamba undercoat kugwa, mu June ena odula abwera mkati, ndi mu August nthawi ifika yakuti kukula kwa tsitsi akunja atsopano. Pomaliza, ubweya wozizira umapangidwa mu Okutobala.
Makhalidwe & Khalidwe Lamagulu
Zikwangwani zimakonda nthawi yausiku, ngakhale nthawi zina zimatha kukumana dzuwa lisanalowe kapena m'mawa kwambiri. Ndi usiku kuti nyama amapita nyama yake, ndipo masana amabwerera obisalamo ake omasuka oversleep likamalowa. Chiwembu chilichonse chimakhala ndi kukula kwa mahekitala 525. Akalonga okhala kumpoto kwa mtunda nthawi zambiri amagwa. Chifukwa mitundu moyo kum'mwera mu bata nyengo iyi si kofunika. Asanakhale hibernation, the badger plugs ndi lapansi ndikusiya zolowera zonse ndikutuluka kupita kunyumbako. Nthawi zambiri amagona ndi chisanu choyambirira, koma izi sizowona kubisalira: kutentha kwa thupi kumasintha pang'ono, kugona nthawi zambiri kulibe mphamvu kwambiri podzuka nthawi ndi nthawi. Hibernation akamaliza nthawi zimasiyanasiyana ndi dera. Ku Central Russia, mwachitsanzo, zimachitika mu Epulo-Meyi.
Badger ndi zolengedwa zachikhalidwe. Gulu la banja akatumbu akhoza kudabwa ngakhale connoisseur odziwa za chilengedwe. Msonkhano wa anthu awiri ochokera kubanja limodzi umayenderana ndi kupatsana moni nditakhomerana kumbuyo, ndikuwonana ndi kununkhira kwawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zosavuta kuzindikira achibale. Banja limakhala ndi malo apadera pazomwe zimayikidwa pa badger. Pali mtsogoleri m'banja - wamwamuna lalikulu, monga ulamuliro, kwambiri mwawathila ndi Hardy. Ali pafupi kusamala nthawi zonse, amakhala ndi ma mask osonyeza gawo lonse komanso achinyamata. Udindo wake umaphatikizapo kuteteza banja. Komanso, iye amatithandiza zosangalatsa olowa moyo, amaphunzitsa amuna achinyamata ndi asathabusa amene satsatira malamulo ammudzi. Ngati pazifukwa zina nyamayo idachokapo masiku opitilira 5-7, ndipo fungo lovinidwa lomwe lidasiyidwa pamsonkhanowu limasowa, ndiye kuti mlendo sangaloledwe kulowa m'nyumba.
Mabowo oyipa ali machitidwe pansi panthaka. Mwakuya, ndi kapangidwe Mipikisano storey nthambi, ali ambiri makomo, makamera, ntchito mabowo mpweya wabwino. Tawuni ya Badger imatha kufikira makumi angapo ngakhale mamitala mazana m'litali ndi m'lifupi. Kuzama kwa nyumba zotere kumatha kukhala kwamtunda wamitunda isanu. Ngati yoongoka mwasankha malo okhala, ndiye mu zaka zingapo izi gawo inasanduka kukhotakhota yaikulu ndime mobisa. M'makampaniwo pali zipinda zosiyana zosungiramo chakudya, zotchingira mpweya wabwino.
Osati ma badger onse amakhala m'matawuni otere. Pali anthu ambiri amene mumakhala nokha ndi ntchito kamakumba una chosavuta, ndi imodzi yokha kukaikira mazira chipinda. Chilombochi chimakoka udzu wouma ndikusiya m'nyumba yokhazikika. Choweta ndi nyama yoyera kwambiri, imasinthiratu zomwe zalembedwa dzenje, ndikuchotsa zonse zosafunikira mmalo mwake, m'malo mwa zinyalala. Wakonza ndi chimbudzi osati mu dzenje, koma pa mtunda wina kwa izo.
Kuyenda nyama
Mbidzi imakonda kumangirizidwa ndi malo omwe imakhala ndikuchokapo kuchokera ku bowo pokhapokha ngati kusaka ndikusonkhanitsa chakudya. Anthu ena kapena mabanja a yoongoka akufunafuna malo atsopano moyo palokha, wosiyana ndi ena ammudzi. Kenako amasamukira, kudzikonzera okha nyumba zazing'ono zosakhalitsa.
Mawu a nyama
Yoongoka amatha kupanga phokoso zosiyanasiyana. Amachita chibwibwi posaka. Amatha kulira, kuwuwa, kufinya, kufinya kapena kuwulutsa. Nyama pangozi, komanso akazi, pamene mating, akhoza kupanga rattling phokoso kapena chinachake monga makungwa a. Pakachitika mantha, ma badger amafuula mokweza. Nthawi zina mbuto imakhala ngati ikumasulira, ndipo ikagona tulo timatha kubuluma. Mungathe kusiyanitsa phokoso yeniyeni mkati Ulenje, interspecific kulimbana kapena nyengo mating.
Mitundu yamathumba
Mitundu yoyambira ya ma badger imaphatikizapo mitundu itatu: yoyipa, teledu, ndi zolemba zolimba. Common akatumbu ndi mitundu yekha yoyamba ya genera ali. Zosiyanasiyana zingapo za badger zimadziwika zomwe zimapanga magawo osiyanasiyana okhala. Mmodzi wa iwo ndiofala ku Western Europe, enanso ku Spain ndi Portugal, oyimira mabungwe ena achitatu amadzaza dziko la Russia. Palinso subspecies ya nyama zimene zimakhala mu Japan, Western Asia, China ndi Tibet.
Makulidwe komanso malo okhala
Baaukov ikhoza kupezeka paliponse ku Europe, kupatula zigawo zakumpoto kwambiri, pomwe nthaka yake ndi youma ndipo siyabwino kukumba mabowo - ku Finland komanso kumpoto kwa Scandinavia. Akatumbu anthu amakhala Transcaucasia, mu Caucasus, mu Asia Minor ndi m'madera ena a Western Asia. Imodzi mwazosungidwa zimapezeka ku Japan. Popeza ma badger amatha nthawi yayitali m'miyoyo yawo, amasankha malo okhala ndi nthaka yofewa komanso pansi. midzi kawirikawiri pa malo otsetsereka, ovuta ndi malo ndi pamwamba m'goli.Phokoso lopyapyala ndi miyendo yayikulu yoluka imalola chikhomo kuyendetsa bwino ngakhale dothi louma ndikupanga nyumba pamenepo. Akatumbu amakhala makamaka nayonso ndi nkhalango losanganikirana. Itha kupezeka munkhalango zam'mapiri, ngakhale pang'ono. Kummwera, ma badger amakhalanso kumapeto ndi kumapiri. Koma chofunika kwa iwo ndi moyandikana wa posungira - pa mtunda wa osaposa kilometre pamalowa.
Kodi ma badger amadya chiyani?
Madzulo, olemba anzawo akatundu amachoka m'nyumba zawo kuti akapeze chakudya chawo. nzeru kununkhiza, kumva chidwi ndi masomphenya, kulola yoongoka kutsogolera moyo mwachinsinsi. Zitsa zowola, mitengo yakugwa - zonsezi ndizinthu zomwe zimafunikira kusaka usiku. Pakapita kamodzi, chilombochi chimatha kugwira achule angapo kapena abuluzi. The akatumbu ndi omnivorous nyama, adya chirichonse chimene iye asamalira edible, ngakhale wakonda chakudya nyama. Zakudya zomwe anthu amakonda kudya ndi nkhono, mavinidwe, tizilombo tokhala ndi mphutsi. Imatha kudya phwando la nyongolotsi, mazira mbalame ndi akamba. pang'ono A zochepa zambiri, adya achule, mbalame, nyama zing'onozing'ono, kuphatikizapo makoswe, abuluzi. Mwa zakudya zam'mera, nthiti imakonda zipatso zouma ndi zipatso, mababu, mtedza ndi bowa.
Poyerekeza ndi mamembala ena am'banja lachipembedzo, monga wolverines, badger uchi, dongosolo lodyera la badger silingafanane ndi chakudya chamafuta. Kulumidwa ndi ndi bwino akupangidwa ndi pamalo masticatory wa molars ali ndi bwino ndinazolowera zakudya zomera. Mbendera sizimenyera nyama zazikulu, koma zimatha kudziteteza bwino ndi gawo lawo, kuthamangitsa ngakhale zilombo zazikulu kutali ndi nyumba zawo. Pofika nthawi yozizira, mbuto imadziunjika ndi mafuta abwino, ofunikira kukonzekera kubisala nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa mafuta anasonkhanitsa, thupi lake kulemera akhoza pawiri.
Zoopsa ndi adani a zoyipa
Chifukwa cha moyo wamadzulo, wojambulayo ali ndi adani ochepa, amatha kubisala m'mabowo, ndipo chilombo sichimamudikira masiku angapo. Komabe, ogwirira, monga mimbulu, lynxes, amagwiritsa chidwi zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pamene hibernation ali pachiopsezo ku akatumbu. Agalu osochera amatha kubweretsa ngozi pachithunzicho. Komabe, ma badger amakhala m'mabanja akuluakulu, ndipo amatha kusonkhana m'magulu athunthu, zomwe zimawathandiza kuteteza gawo lawo ngakhale kwa mdani wamkulu. Khalidweli ndi zofunika kuti tipitirize kuthengo.
Mawonekedwe afupi, otambalala okhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali kumapeto kwake amathandizira kumasula dothi lowala ndikumanga malo okhala. Mukakumana ndi anthu kapena zodyera, wowimbayo amakonda kubisala m'malo mwake, koma nthawi zina amatha kuluma wowombayo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nsapato zake zazitali, kenako ndikubisala.
Yoongoka akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto helminthiases ndi matenda opatsirana. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimakhala ndi trichinosis. Chowopsa chingakhale chonyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a matenda a chiwewe komanso chifuwa chachikulu cha bovine.
Ngozi ina kuti mwina mukam'bisalire chirombo akusaka. Cholinga chakusaka chimatha kukhala tsitsi la nyama kapena nyama ya nyama. Koma nthawi zambiri kuwonongeka kwa nyama ndi mabowo awo amakonzedwa kuti azilamulira anthu awo chifukwa choopa kufalikira kwa matenda. M'mayiko European, nyama sanaphedwe, koma katemera matendawa mu zinthu zachilengedwe. Zochita za anthu zimapweteketsa mbendera: zimatha kufa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena m'misewu ngati njira zambiri zikuwoloka malo achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zimakakamizidwa kuzolowera moyo watsopano atawonongedwa nyumba zawo.
Kubereka ndi ana a yoongoka
Badger ndi zolengedwa zoyipa zomwe zimadziphatika kamodzi kwa zaka zambiri. Nthawi zambiri matching mu badger imagwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambilira kwa chilimwe. Ndi isanayambike nyengo mating amuna, ntchito ya kooneka wapadera m'tsinde mwa mchira kumatheka, kumene madzi ndi yeniyeni fungo adzamasulidwa. Kugawanika kumayambitsa tsitsi lowala wachikasu pansi pa mchira. Malo okhala ndi zolemba zoyipa ndi chinsinsi ichi, kumatsatizana, kupanga mawu omveka pamasewera a chibwenzi.
Mating ndi kubereka ana angayambe pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi dera lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, ma badger aku Europe amakhala ndi ana kuyambira Disembala mpaka Epulo, ndipo ku Russia ana amabadwa osati kale March. Kutalika kwa mimba yoongoka zimasiyanasiyana masiku 271 450. Mukamakhwima nthawi yotentha, nthawi yokhala ndi pakati imakhala yochepa, koma ngati mayi adatenga nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti nthawi yoyembekezera kubadwa kwa ana imakulitsidwa kwambiri. Kusintha kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha kuthupi kwanyama - kukhalapo kwa gawo lotchedwa kubereka.
Nyama ndi kusamala kwambiri ndi ana awo. Mwana akangobadwa kumene, ana osaphatikizidwa samasinthidwa kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Alinso akhungu komanso osathandiza, amangolemera gramu 70-80 zokha, ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika kuchokera kwa amayi awo. Only mwezi atabadwa, yoongoka kutsegula maso awo ndipo mkaka mano kuonekera. Akalulu amadyetsa ana, kuwatulutsa kuti akatulutse, alonda ndikuwathandiza anawo kuti akhale akulu komanso odziyimira pawokha, aphunzire momwe angapangire chakudya ndi kuthandiza banja kuti likhale ndi moyo.
Pofika mwezi wachitatu, mayiyo amaleka kudyetsa ana mkaka, mano awo amatha, ndipo amasintha kuti adyetse okha. Panthawi imeneyi, mlingo kukula kwa yoongoka amachepetsa, koma kunenepa ndi wambirimbiri wosanjikiza mafuta ndi nyengo yozizira. Pakuthwa kwawo koyamba, kakulidwe kakang'ono kali ndi amayi ake m'dzenje. Akazi amatha kutha msinkhu pofika zaka ziwiri, ndipo amuna amadzakwanitsa zaka zitatu. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, kawirikawiri theka la achinyamata moyo. Otsalawo amakhala pazachilengedwe mpaka zaka 10-12. Ali mu ukapolo, nthawi imeneyi ndi yayitali ndipo ndi pafupifupi zaka 16.
Udindo akatumbu ndi phindu nsomba
Mwambiri, momwe mtundu wamtundu wamtundu wotere umadziwika sukubweretsa nkhawa. Koma makumi angapo zapitazo, kukhudzana kwa anthropogenic kunayambitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nyamazi ku mayiko aku Europe. Komanso, ndi posachedwapa, ambiri yoongoka anagwira epizootics wa matenda a chiwewe, koma tsopano milandu nthendayi pakati pa nyama zimenezi kuli wamba. M'mayiko angapo ku Europe, kunakhazikitsidwa lamulo loti azisamalira anthu oyenda moipa, omwe amalola kuti mitunduyi isungidwe. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa chilombocho ku maiko aku Europe kwabwezeretsa ndikupitilizabe kukula, koma m'malo ena zochita za anthu tsopano zikuchititsa kutsika kwa chiweto cha nyama izi.
Ngakhale ubweya akatumbu a nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala kusoka ubweya, ndi m'malo waukali ndiponso sikukutanthauza mtengo kwambiri. Zovala zazikatoni zimapanga maburashi ndi burashi kumeta. Asaka ambiri amasaka nyama makamaka kuti apeze nyama ndi mafuta. Akatumbu mafuta mankhwala zina amaona zothandiza chifukwa lili mavitamini ndi zinthu biologically yogwira.
Badger amathandizira kwambiri ku biogeocenosis. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabowo chimakhudza kapangidwe ka dothi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala momwemo. Yoongoka kuchita ntchito zabwino ndi tizirombo ambiri ulimi monga Maybug mphutsi ndi zina invertebrates zoipa. Koma nyama imathanso kuvulaza banja pokwera pa mavwende kapena m'munda wamphesa. Amadziwikanso kuti ma badger nthawi zambiri amawononga zisa za mbalame zomwe zimakhala pansi.
Makhalidwe zakudya za akatumbu ndi
Woweta amadyera ndi nyama yake, ndipo nyamayi imakonda kudwala matendawa, kuphatikiza trichinosis. Nthawi ndi nthawi mawailesi amakampani pamakhala nkhani za osaka - okonda ma badger, omwe amapezeka kuchipatala ali ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa za matendawa. Nyama akhoza kukhala chonyamulira cha matenda a chiwewe. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito nyama ndi mafuta pamakatikati popanda ukatswiri wapadera ndikosayenera kwambiri. Ngati zili choncho, ngati chisankho chapangidwa kuti chidya nyama yachilendo, mbaleyo ayenera kulandira chithandizo chokwanira, nthawi zambiri kuphika kwa maola atatu.
Anthu amene ayesa akatumbu nyama amaona edible ndithu, ngakhale ankhanza. Popeza kuti kusaka nyama kumachitika nthawi yagwa, chilombo panthawiyi chimapeza mafuta ochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, nyama yake imakhala yopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso mafuta, nthawi zambiri ngakhale ochulukirapo.
Akatumbu kusaka
Badger ikhoza kusakidwa kumalo osungira nyama kuyambira pa Seputembara 1 mpaka Novembara 15. Tikumbukire kuti baji idakhazikitsidwa pa badger iliyonse m'chigawo chilichonse ndipo chiwerengero chovomerezeka chavomerezedwa. Anandilola nsomba ku njira, njira ya pansi, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kuwala, misampha, kusaka agalu. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito maovala, maukonde, amaloledwa kukumba chitsime chopapatiza mpaka dzenje la bere kuti athandize galu. Pambuyo pake, malowa ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Tisanasankhe njira wosaka, m'pofunika kuti anthu amvetse malamulo kuti chomveka mu chigawo chomwe mufuna.
Pakusaka chikwangwani, mfuti yaubweya wautali wosalala ndi chida chamfuti chopanda (chotengera - mpaka 8 mm, chipinda - mpaka 51 mm) chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chidacho chikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi migolo yosinthika. Pamene migodi ndi akatumbu, ndi likungosonyeza wa 5.6 mamilimita si ntchito mu katiriji mphete poyatsira.
Badger si nyama yokongola yosaka kwa osaka. Chovala cholakwika chimakhala chovuta komanso chosakondweretsa kukhudza. nyama zimenezi, ngakhale kuti amagwiritsa chomera zakudya, ndi chilombo, kotero nyama yake ndi lolimba ndithu ndipo nthawi yomweyo mafuta kwambiri. Vuto lalikulu ndikuti nyama yoyipa imatha kupatsiridwa ndi Trichinella. Chosangalatsa kwa alenje amathanso kukhala mafuta onenepa, omwe amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi zofunikira ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe.
Nsonga mwawathila akatumbu kusaka
Njira zikuluzikulu zodziwirira kanyumba kachakudya ndi kuba, kutchera, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobisala ndi kugwira nyama. Pakusaka koyamba kokasaka, dachshund kapena imodzi mwanjira zamtunda ndizoyenera. The galu ayenera kukhala aukali zokwanira, wamakani ndi Hardy kupirira kukumana yaitali ndi akatumbu. Musanazungulire dzenje, muyenera kuyang'ana gawo ndikuonetsetsa kuti chilombo chimagwiritsa ntchito pobisalira. Zokwawa zatsopano za dothi komanso kupezeka kwa matumbo oyenda pafupi atha kulankhula za kukhalapo kwa nyamayo.
Kumvetsa nthawi kukumba dzenje, muyenera kumvetsera phokoso anapanga ndi galu. Nthawi zambiri amayamba kukhazikika akapeza chilombo, koma amafunika kukumba pomwe galuyo amkayendetsa chilombocho kumalo komwe kumakhala kufa ndipo kubangula kwake kumamveka kumalo komwe. Chimbudzi chikuyenera kukumbidwa kumbuyo kwa galu, ndikuchotsa mosamala. Inu sayenera kutenga akatumbu moyo ndi manja anu. Kuluma kwa chilombocho n'koopsa, chifukwa kumanyamula matenda a chiwewe.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito misampha, ayenera kupangidwira mankhwala kuti muchepetse fungo. The mafuta kuchokera samovol atachotsedwa ndi kafungo kabwino, ndiye yophika msuzi coniferous. Mbidzi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito msampha wa No. 5 wokhala ndi akasupe awiri. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndege pafupi ndi khomo lolowera dzenje, m'malo a njiramo zomwe wapaulendo amapita kuchimbudzi kapena malo odyetserako chakudya. Akatumbu "chimbudzi" nthawi ili ndi mamita zana kuchokera nyumba ndi ali kuoneka ndi maganizo yaing'ono.
Kukhala kofunikira kwa mlenje kudziwa mawonekedwe omwe ali panjira ya badger. Imakumbukira pang'ono chimbalangondo, ngakhale yaying'ono kwambiri kukula kwake. Kuda akatumbu amakhala tcheru kwambiri (5-6 cm), muli Fingerprints asanu ili ndi Arc Mphepete kutsogolo kwa kusindikiza. Zovala zazingwe zimawoneka bwino. Chilombochi chikasunthidwa, kumbuyo kwake kumaphindikiza kutsogolo. Ndi kuyenda pang'onopang'ono Kuphunzira koteroko ndi tsankho, kotero mizere iwiri ya chiombankhanga, zala ndi amaonekera mmodzi wa callus chidendene adzakhala kuoneka bwino.
Kusaka ndi ma huskoy kumayambira munthawi yodziwikiratu ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi gulu la osaka. Agalu amabwezeretsedwera nyama zomwe zimabwerako kudyetsa usiku. alenje ena akuyembekezera nyama m'dzenje. Imasunthidwa m'maenje ndi burashi kapena nthambi za spruce. Kuukira kwa galu kumapangitsa kuti wochita zoipa azikhalabe m'nyumba mwake. Pamene mlenje wakumva kuti galu kukuwa akukhala zonse, iye amapita ndi mawu ake ndi mphukira lotengeka nyama.
Momwe chimachotsa chikwangwani pa hitche chimapangidwa mutapeza bowo lomwe anthu amakhala. Mlenje amakonzekeretsa pobisala panjira yolowera kuphanga la badger. Muyenera kuchita masana pamene chirombo tulo pambuyo usiku kusakasaka. Monga njira, mutha kukonza malo ogulitsa pamtengo. Izi zikuwunikira mwachidule ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopezeka osadziwika. Mu khumbi chisanadze okonzeka muyenera theka la ola pamaso madzulo. Usiku wopanda mwezi umakhala bwino kuti ubisalire; kuwombera kusanachitike, malo osaka amawunikiridwa ndi nyali kapena chida china chowala. Izi sizingothandiza kuyendetsa bwino, komanso zimasokoneza woipa yemwe wachoka kwawo.
Kusaka ndi akatumbu amafuna njira yaikulu Choncho, ngati si alenje ambiri odziwa ntchito nsomba, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo kwa huntsman kapena katswiri wa m'deralo amene anaphunzira zizolowezi za chirombo ichi bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse za zovuta zina pazoyang'anira ndi zovomerezeka, chifukwa kuwedza kanyumba sikuyenera kupitilira malire okhazikitsidwa.