Burbot imakhala ndi thupi lokwera komanso lotsika, kumbuyo kumapanikizidwa mwamphamvu kuchokera kumbali, kutsogolo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosiyana - kozungulira. Pakamwa ndi yayikulu, pamakhala ndevu zapachibwibwi, ndipo pamakhalanso timiyendo tambiri pamapewa apamwamba. Maso ndi ochepa, mutu ndiwosalala. Mtundu wa burbot ndi wosiyana, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zofiirira zakuda kapena zakuda komanso imvi. Ndi zaka, burbot imawala. Pali mawanga owoneka bwino m'mbali, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake amathanso kukhala osiyanasiyana. Zipsepse, monga m'mimba, ndizowala.
Mtundu wa burbot umatengera magawo amadzi (kuwonekera, kuwunikira), mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka, ndi zinthu zina zosafunikira kwenikweni. Mulimonsemo, sizingatheke kusokoneza burbot ndi nsomba ina, popeza ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi aliyense.
Malo omwe amakhala ndi ochulukirapo - awa onse ndi masitepe, kumpoto kwa 40 latitude. Amakhala pafupifupi gawo lonse la Eurasia, lomwe limapezeka ku Alaska. Komabe, chakum'mwera burbot imakhala, ocheperako, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zake, zomwe tikambirana pansipa.
Burbot ili ndi zipsepse ziwiri za dorsal: kutsogolo kuli kochepa, kumbuyo ndikwakutali, kumatha kufanana ndi theka kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba. Ma anal anal nawonso amakhala aatali komanso ofanana kumapazi. Maluso a caudal ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Moyo & Habitat
Burbot ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri pabanja la ma cod. Asodzi asodzi amadikirira nyengo yachisanu chaka chilichonse kuti ayambe kusaka chete. Inde, nsombayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwapadera komanso kulemera kwake, monga zikuwonekera ndi ambiri chithunzi cha burbot, ndipo nyama yake siyotsika mtengo, zomwe zimapatsa asodzi mwayi wabwino wopanga ndalama zabwino.
Habitat ndi mawonekedwe
Nsomba za Burbot ali ndi thupi lopyapyala lopanda miyeso ndi malo owala, abulauni. Kukula ndi maonekedwe a mawanga m'modzi aliyense ndi apadera ndipo sabwereza. Kutsogolo, thupi limakhala lokwera komanso lopindika, ndipo kumbuyo limakulungidwa mwamphamvu.
Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuthana ndi madzi pang'ono mukamayenda mwachangu komanso zimapangitsa kuti burbotyo iziyenda mozungulira ngakhale mkuyenda komwe kukubwera komanso kubisala mosabisa m'miyala yamiyala ndi m'miyala.
Mutu wa burbot ndi wopapatiza komanso wotsika, uli ndi mawonekedwe osalala. Pakamwa ndi yokulirapo. Izi ndichifukwa choti munthu wamkulu amadya nsomba zazing'onoting'ono. Mano a Chitinous amalola kutafuna chakudya asanameze.
Chitin antennae amachita ngati ziwalo zowonjezera kukhudza. Pali zazifupi ndi zazitali; zonse zitatu zili kutsogolo kwa mutu. Izi zimawathandiza kuyenda mumdima, osakhala ndi masomphenya. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu akuluakulu ali ndi kukula kochepa kwambiri kwamaso, motero nsomba zamtunduwu ndizosatha kuwona.
Burbot - Iyi ndi nsomba yomwe imangokhala m'madzi oyera. Mwa njira, iyi ndi nsomba yokhayo ya banja la ma cod yomwe ili ndi katunduyu, chifukwa chake burbot nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa mkati mitsinje. Koma simungapeze burbot m'thupi lililonse lamadzi: ndikofunikira kuti madziwo azikhala oyera, omveka bwino komanso osinthika nthawi zonse.
Pansi pamatope mulinso cholepheretsa pamoyo komanso kupanga burbot: ndikofunikira kuti ikhale ndi mchenga, miyala komanso osadetsedwa ndi zinyalala, mabotolo ndi zina zomwe zimapezeka pamaso pa anthu.
Zakudya za Burbot ndi moyo
Burbot imakhala ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana chaka chonse. Ntchito zake mwachindunji zimatengera kutentha kwa madzi ndi malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dzinja lidayamba kukhala lotentha kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhala yotentha modabwitsa, simungathe kungoyembekezeranso kutuluka chaka chomwecho.
Pakakhala zovuta zina, burbot imatha kukhala yochepa kwambiri mpaka kutentha kwamadzi kumatsika. Komabe, ngakhale pakupuma, burbot imapitilirabe kudya, osakhala mwakhama ngati nthawi yayitali.
Monga momwe mungaganizire, kumadera akumpoto nthawi yogwira ntchito imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa ena onse. Nthawi yodyetsanso ndi yayitali kwambiri, chifukwa chake amakula kumpoto mwachangu ndikuchulukirachulukira.
Chimbudzi chogwira ntchito mu burbot chimangoyambira kutentha kwa madzi osachepera madigiri khumi, motero, ntchito yayikulu kwambiri burbot ziwonetsero M'nyengo yozizira. M'malo mwake, chifukwa cha kugaya chakudya kwambiri, njala imayamba kale kwambiri, ndipo burbot imapita kukasaka chakudya.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kutentha kumatentha nsomba ikagona pansi ndikuyembekeza nthawi yabwino, ndipo pamadzi otentha pafupi madigiri 30, imafa kwathunthu.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Kutalika kwa burbot kumatenga zaka 24. Zaka zochepa zoyambirira za moyo zimadalira mwachangu, plankton yaying'ono ndi zina zazing'ono zam'madzi.
Kenako imayamba kusinthika kwa chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, kusaka kumachitika nthawi zambiri usiku, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokopa nsomba kwambiri ndi mawu ndi nyambo.
Ponena za kuswana, burbot imabereka kawiri mpaka kasanu pamoyo wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, zaka zoyambira kubereka zitha kukhala zosiyana ndipo zimatengera dera lomwe zakhazikika ndipo zimayambira zaka 2 mpaka 8. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pali gawo lolunjika pakati pa malo amderali ndi msinkhu wakutha msinkhu: kumpoto kwa malo okhala, okwera m'badwo uno.
Kubala kwa Burbot Zimakhala mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndipo zimadutsa makamaka pamene kutentha kwa madzi kuli kochepa komanso pafupi 0 degrees, motero zimakhala zotheka kuti zizisungunuka kumadera akumpoto ndi zigawo. Kuphazikika nyengo yachisanu kumachitika m'malo okhala ndi madzi oyera otuluka, mchenga woyera kapena miyala yambiri komanso pansi pamwala.
Usodzi wa Burbot
Kulanda burbot kumayendera mofunitsitsa nthawi yozizira komanso yotentha. Za, momwe angagwirire burbot, asodzi odziwa bwino asodzi amadziwa bwino: muyenera kudziwa malo omwe nthawi zambiri nsomba zimatha kugwira. Kenako, malinga ndi iwo, kuluma kumachitika kawirikawiri, mosasamala mtundu wa nyambo ndi zida zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Palinso lingaliro lokhazikika loti mtengo wogwira ntchito ngati msodzi ndi mtengo wogula, umakhala mwayi wopambana.
Kudziwa mawonekedwe a burbot, ndikokwanira kungoganizira zochepa zomwe zingathandize msodziyo kuti amvetsetse zomwe azisodza nsomba. Malangizo oyamba - kugwira pakakhala kuzizira.
Monga zikudziwika, anthu amakumana ndi zochitika zapamwamba ndipo makamaka amakhala ndi njala kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Meyi. Komabe, kumadera akumpoto, komwe ngakhale chilimwe kutentha sikamakwera m'munsi mwa ziro, ngakhale mu Julayi pamakhala mwayi wogwira.
Nthawi yabwino masana ndi usiku. Mukayamba kuwedza ndi kuyamba kwamdima, kuzizira ndikubwera, phokoso latsikulo litasiya, nsombayo imatuluka m'khola mukusaka chakudya ndikumeza nyambo mwachangu. Chiwonetsero cha ntchito chimawonedwa mpaka 5 m'mawa, ndiye kuti usodzi uyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Komanso mphindi yofunika ikhale kusankha koyenera kwa zida zofunika. M'nyengo yotentha, kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo zodziwika pansi kudzakhala kotchuka kwambiri pakati pa asodzi. Komabe nthawi zambiri kuwedza burashi kumapitiliza kuluka ndipo ngakhale kuyandamitsa wamba.
Mutha kugwira burbot nthawi yonse yophera nsomba nthawi yachisanu komanso masika.
Burbot wamkulu amakonda kusodza nyambo yokhala ndi moyo, koma ngati pakufunika kukopa achinyamata, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu kapena nyongolotsi ngati nyambo. Njira yina yakunyanja ikhoza kukhala mormyshka kapena baubles. Chachikulu ndichakuti amatsata nyambo yamoyo mokwanira momwe angathere ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu.
Usodzi wa nthawi yozizira ndiyo njira yayikulu komanso yopindulitsa kwambiri pa usodzi. Ngati nthawi yotentha nthawi zambiri zimachokera m'bwatolo (popeza ma baubles amagwiritsidwa ntchito), ndiye burbot yozizira amagwidwa ndi nyambo yokhayo, kudzera m'maenje oyikiramo madzi oundana.
Monga ndodo za usodzi zimagwiritsa ntchito ndodo kapena chomangira cha nyambo. Kuchokera pagombe la burbot, mutha kukopa belu kapena kuwala kwakuthwa kuchokera nyali. M'chilimwe, moto wamoto ungapangidwenso pazolinga izi.
Mtengo wa Burbot
Malo okhala burbot amafunikira zinthu zambiri zokwanira, zomwe, zimaphatikizika, nyengo yabwino kwa moyo wa nsomba. Komabe, mtundu wamadzi ndi ukhondo wapansi pafupifupi kulikonse umasiyidwa kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, posachedwapa, ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma burbot ku Russia kangapo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti burbot monga gwero la chakudya ndi chophatikizika chofunikira m'zakudya zambiri za nsomba ikuyamba kukhala chinthu chosowa komanso chodula.
Nyama ya Burbot ndi yamtengo wapatali komanso imapereka mavitamini ambiri. Momwe mungaphikire burbot Ndizowona, okhawo akatswiri ophika ndi omwe amadziwa. Burbotyophika mu uvuni - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mbale zotsika mtengo kwambiri m'malesitilanti. Ngakhale kwa wogula wogulitsa, kilogalamu imodzi imadya pafupifupi ruble 800.
Chowonadi chenicheni ndicho chiwindi chotupa. Izi zimakoma makamaka ndipo zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi okonda mbale zam'madzi. Chiwindi cha Burbot chimagulitsidwa mumatumba ang'onoang'ono aini mu mafuta apadera ndipo chimasungidwa nthawi zonse.
Mtengo wa chinthu choterocho ndiwokwera kwambiri mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa burbot yokha ndipo pakadali pano umayima ma ruble pafupifupi 1,000 mumtsuko umodzi wokha.
Ichi ndiye gwero la kutchuka kwa asodzi aku Russia mu maiko akunja. Kugulitsa nsomba zotere nthawi zonse kumakhala kopambana, ndipo pogwira bwino ntchito, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa nthawi zambiri kumapitilira malipiro apakati pamwezi a Russia wamba.
Chachikulu ndichakuti musankhe nthawi yoyenera komanso luso la usodzi, kenako kuwedza burashi inde opambana, ndipo asodziwo adzakhala ndi mwayi.
Khalidwe la Burbot
Nsomba izi zimangogwira m'madzi ozizira, kutulutsa nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu Disembala, Januware kapena Febere. Kwenikweni, ndi nthawi yachisanu pomwe ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri ya burbot imachitika. Uku ndi nyama yomwe imatsogola ndipo imakonda kusaka pansi. Amakhala momasuka m'madzi, kutentha kwake osapitirira 12 digiri Celsius. Madzi akatentha, burbot imakhala yowopsa kwambiri ndipo mkhalidwe wake umakhala ngati kubisala. Chifukwa chake sangadye kwa milungu ingapo.
Burbot si gulu la nsomba, koma ngakhale anthu angapo amatha kukhala malo amodzi. Komabe, zitsanzo zazikulu zimakonda kukhala kwayekha.
Pofika nthawi yotentha, burbot imayang'ana mabowo kapena kubisala m'miyala, imakonda malo omwe muli makiyi ozizira. Kwathunthu kumaleka kudya nyengo yotentha kwambiri, pamasiku opanda mitambo komanso ozizira kufunafuna nyama, koma usiku zokha. Izi nsomba sizimakonda kuwala, kotero ngakhale pausiku wopanda mwezi samakhala womasuka.
Burbot imayang'ana nyama mothandizidwa ndi kukhudza, kumva ndi kununkhiza, sikuti imadalira mawonekedwe amaso. Chakudya chokhazikika ndi nsomba zomwe zimakhala pansi, izi ndi zigamba ndi ziguduli. Amatha kudya ana awo. Amayesa nsomba zina mosavuta, koma nthawi yozizira, tikaphulika "mawonekedwe" ake abwino kwambiri, ngakhale nsomba yayikulu ndi yolimba imatha kukhala chakudya chake.
Kubalanso komanso kukula kwa burbot
Monga tidalemba pamwambapa, tikhala mu Disembala, Januware, kapena nthawi zina mu Okutobala. Sichigwidwa pakubzala, komabe, mumatha kugwira burbots zomwe sizimaletsa kudya. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kusesa mazira miliyoni, kutuluka nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'madzi osaya. Ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala yotentha, ndiye kuti kuphukira kumatha kutalika kwa masiku 30, nthawi yozizira kwambiri nthawi imeneyi ndiyifupi.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi mphutsi zokha zimawonekera mwa 0,5 peresenti ya masewera. Amakula msanga, pofika nthawi yotentha amatha kufikira masentimita 10. Kukula kwa burbot kumadalira momwe akukhalira, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti amathamanga kwambiri matupi am'madzi akumpoto. Mwambiri, burbot imatha kulemera makilogalamu 30 kapena kupitirira apo komanso kutalika kwa thupi lopitilira mita imodzi.
Pafupifupi, chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, burbot imafikira masentimita 35 kutalika ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 600. Chaka chachisanu, amafika masentimita 50 ndipo amalemera mpaka 1.6 makilogalamu. Komabe, tikubwereza kuti kuchuluka kwa burbot m'matupi osiyanasiyana amadzi amatha kusiyanasiyana ndi dongosolo la kukula.
Momwe mungagwire burbot
Mutha kuwerenga zambiri zokhudzana ndi burbot nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chaka pazinthu zina zachigawo chino, koma apa tidzangopereka malingaliro onse.
Pali magawo atatu mchaka chomwe nsomba iyi imagwira kwambiri. Nthawi yoyamba kuyambira mwezi wa Okutobala mpaka kuzizira, yachiwiri ndi kuyambira pa Disembala mpaka Epulo, yachitatu kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Epulo. Kutengera ndi moyo wa burbot, amazigwira makamaka nthawi yozizira pa ndodo za nthawi yozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, yophukira ndi masika imagwidwa pankhuni. Mutha kugwira nsomba iyi pa ndodo yopota kapena ndodo yosambira yoyandamitsa kupatula mwa mwayi wabwino.
Zotulutsa zing'onozing'ono zimatha kugwidwa ndi nyongolotsi, chifukwa nyambo yayikulu, nyambo yamoyo ndiyabwino. Mutha kugwiranso nthabwala za chisanu. Pazakusankhidwa kwa baubles yozizira posuta burbot ikupezeka munkhaniyi.
Gulu
Burbot ndiye mtundu wokhawo wamtundu wake burbotwa mwa omvera Lotinae. Ofufuzawo ku Russia amati banjali ndi banja burbot (Lotidae Bonaparte, 1837).
Ofufuza ena amati mitundu yomwe ilipo yodwala, ina imasiyanitsa mitundu ina iwiri:
- Lota lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758) - munthu wamba wopanga burashi wokhala ku Europe ndi Asia mtsinje wa Lena,
- Lota lota leptura (Hubbs et Schultz, 1941) - burbot-wochepa thupi wokhala ndi mitsinje yambiri yomwe imaphatikizapo Siberia kuchokera ku Mtsinje wa Kara kupita ku Bering Strait, gombe la Alaskan Arctic kum'mawa kukafika ku Mackenzie River,
- Lota lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817) ndi anthu ena okhala ku North America.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Burbot imagwira ntchito kwambiri m'madzi ozizira. Kutulutsa kumachitika nthawi yozizira ya Disembala - mwezi wa February; usodzi wopambana kwambiri umachitika nthawi yoyamba chisanu kuyambira m'bandakucha mpaka m'bandakucha. Zimadyanso ma invertebrates ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Anthu achikulire amadya nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi, komanso achule, nsomba zazinkhanira, ndi mbewa. Tizidya nyama zowola. Imagwira pa zherlitsy, makamaka imakonda ruff. Pali mitundu yonse yokhalapo (wokhala m'madzi amtsinje ndi mitsinje yaying'ono), ndi mitundu yocheperako (mwachitsanzo, burbot wa Mtsinje wa Ob).
Mitundu ya Sedentary nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono komanso yolimba.
Mafomu olowera amasamuka nthawi yayitali (makilomita chikwi pachaka). Amakhala akuluakulu (nthawi zambiri amapitilira mita kutalika, kulemera koposa makilogalamu 5-6 ndi zaka mpaka zaka 15-24). Zachikazi sizimatulutsa chaka chilichonse, kudumpha nyengo imodzi kapena ziwiri kuti zibwezeretse mphamvu zamthupi. Amuna ambiri amatenga nawo mbali pachaka.
Western Europe ndi Britain Isles
Pa gawo la British Isles, zotsalira za burbot amalembedwa paliponse, koma pakadali pano, burbot sikupezekanso m'malo osungira. Kugwidwa komaliza kwa mitunduyi kudalembedwa pa Seputembara 14, 1969 kumapeto kwa Mtsinje wa Great Uz. Zoterezi zachitikanso ku Belgium, komwe mitunduyi idawonongedwa mu 1970s. ndipo iyenera kuchira. M'madera ena a Germany, burbot idachotsedwanso, koma imapezekabe m'mitsinje Danube, Ruhr, Elbe, Oder ndi Rhine, komanso ku Lake Constance. Mapulogalamu obwezeretsa Burbot akupitirirabe ku Germany ndi UK.
Ku Netherlands, burbot ilinso pachiwopsezo cha kutha ndipo chiwerengero chake chikuyenera kutsika. Nthawi zina, anthu amapezeka m'mitsinje ya Bisbosch. , Volkerake ndi Krammer, munyanja za IJsselmeer ndi Ketelmer. Ku France ndi Austria, burbot imadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wosauka, ndipo anthu ake amakhala m'madzi a Seine, Loire, Rhone, Maas, Moselle ndi nyanja zina zazitali. Burbot imapezekanso m'madzi ndi mitsinje ina ku Switzerland, komwe anthu ake amakhala okhazikika. Ku Italy, burbot amakhala ku Po bas.
Kumpoto kwa Europe, Scandinavia ndi mayiko a Baltic
Burbot ndiofala m'malo osungirako ku Finland, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, Latvia ndi Lithuania. M'malo obisalamo a Finland, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kumawonedwa, kukuphatikizidwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwa malo okhala, makamaka, eutrophication yawo. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa burbot m'madzi aku Sweden ndizakuwonongeka kwawo ndi acidization, komanso mawonekedwe a mitundu yakunja mwa iwo, kuthamangitsa omwe abadwa.
Kummawa kwa Europe
Kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ma burbot a Slovenia kumakhala mozama ku Drava River ndi Lake Tserknitsa, ku Czech Republic - m'mitsinje ya Morava ndi Ohře. Kuwononga ndi kuyang'anira mitsinje kumabweretsa vuto lodziwika bwino m'maiko aku Eastern Europe kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa burbot. Chifukwa chake, ku Slovenia, kugwira burbot koletsedwa, ku Bulgaria amapatsidwa mwayi wokhala mitundu yachilendo, ku Hungary - mitundu yosatetezeka, ku Poland kuchuluka kwa burbot kumatsitsidwanso.
Ndi Russian Federation
M'dera la Russia, burbot imakhala m'malo obiriwira a Arctic komanso malo otentha, m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Baltic, White, Barents, Black ndi Caspian komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yonse ya Siberian kuyambira ku Ob kupita ku Anadyr kutalika konse. Dera lakumpoto la malo okhala burbot ndi gombe la Ice Sea: limapezeka pa Yamal Peninsula (kupatula mitsinje yakumpoto), pa Taimyr (zigawo za mitsinje ya Pyasina ndi Khatanga, Nyanja Taimyr), ndi zilumba za Novosibirsk. Mchenga wa Ob-Irtysh, umagawidwa kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba (nyanja za Teletskoye ndi nyanja ya Zaysan) kupita ku Gulf of Ob. Mu Nyanja ya Baikal ndi chigwa cha Yenisei ndizambiri. Imapezeka kudera lonse la Amur, komanso kumapeto kwa mtsinje wa Yalu (chigwa cha Yellow Sea). Ndizofala ku Sakhalin komanso ku Shantar Islands. Imasiyidwa m'malo osyanasiyana a nyanja ndi mchere wambiri mpaka 12 ‰.
Mafotokozedwe ambiri
Cod (Gadiformes) amatanthauza mitundu yosodzi ya m'madzi yofunika kwambiri zachuma. Woyimira yekha wamadzi abwino a banja lama cod omwe amakhala m'madzi aku Russia ndi burbot (Lotalota).
Magawo ake amagawa kumpoto ndi pakati pa Europe (komwe amafikira gombe lakumwera kwa France komanso gawo lakumpoto kwa Balkan Peninsula), kumpoto kwa Asia ndi North America.
Oyimira mitunduyi ali ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Mulingo woyesedwa bwino. Onsewa okhala ndi chopondera chachikulu, chachikulu komanso choyenda, kuphatikiza nthawi zonse ndi maziko amiyala.
Uwu ndi mtundu wamagazi ozizira. Imakhala m'madzi akuya kwambiri ndi madzi oyera komanso yolimba yokutidwa ndi miyala kuchokera pansi. M'nyengo yozizira, amatsogolera moyo wokangalika, ndipo nyengo yotentha imagwera mkhalidwe wamadzimadzi, popeza salola kutentha ndi kuwala.
Kuwona kwa Lot Lot kuchokera ku banja la a Lotidae amakhala m'mitsinje yozizira ndi nyanja ku Europe, Asia, North America ndi Alaska. Amatha kukhala m'madzi atsopano komanso opanda madzi ndipo amatha kutsika mpaka 700 metres. Uwu ndi khungu lowoneka bwino kapena lofiirira, lomwe limatha kufika mita 1.5 kutalika.
Ili ndi miyeso yaying'ono kwambiri yomanga, nyerere zazikazi, mphindikati wautali ndi zipsepse ziwiri zamkati. Izi ndi nsomba zazitali kwambiri, zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ku Alaska nthawi zambiri sizimafika pa msinkhu mpaka zaka 6 kapena 7.
Chomwe chimawasiyanitsa ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi ena ndizakuti zimatuluka pakati kapena nthawi yachisanu.
Kugawidwa kwamtundu wamtunduwu kumakhalabe nkhani yotsutsana ndi olemba misonkho. Olemba ena amapezeka m'magulu a anthu ochepa a Lotinae a banja la cod Gadidae. Kuphatikiza apo, ena achthyologists amaika oyimilira ku Siberian ndi North America a mitundu ku Lotamaculosa.
M'malo mwake, mtunduwu ndi mtundu wokhawo wamadzi ku North America.
Kufotokozera ndi kukula kwake
Kusiyana pakati pa burbot ndi mphaka ndi nsomba zina kungapangitse kuti chizindikiritane chosagwirizana ngakhale ndi omwe samadziwa:
- thupi lokwera ngati lunda,
- mbali zokutira ndi mchira wosalala,
- Ziphuphu zachiwiri ndi maini amakhala ndi kutalika kwa theka la thupi,
- yaying'ono, yokhala ndi masikelo osalala a m'mphepete (cycloid) m'malo osokoneza bongo ndi ntchofu,
- masharubu atatu: m'modzi pachibwano, awiri pachiwono chapamwamba choyang'ana kutsogolo,
- mutu wophimba ndi maso ang'ono
- pakamwa lalikulu ndi mano ambiri odaluka,
- zipsepse zamkati zimapezeka pansi pa mmero ndipo zimakhala ndi chovala ngati-ray chowongolera ngati ziwalo zowonjezera.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa nyama zolusa ndi 60-80 cm (3-6 kg). Boti lalikulu kwambiri lolemetsa linali lolemera makilogalamu 25 kutalika kwake kuposa masentimita 120. Utoto umatengera momwe moyo uliri, zaka, mtundu wa pansi komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi. Muyezo umatengedwa kuti ndi mimba ya azitona, mbali zakuda zofiirira, zamtambo zakuda za zipsepse. Kukula ndi kukalamba, anthu amtunduwo amawala.
Kodi burbot amakhala kuti?
Malo ogawikawa akukhudzana mwachindunji ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba, zomwe sizimatha kumva bwino m'madzi ofunda komanso osayenda kwambiri. Ziweto zazikulu kwambiri ndizodziwikiratu zakum'mwera kwa kumpoto kwa nthaka: Dera lozungulira nyanja ya Arctic, Siberia, madera aku North-Western ndi North-Eastern Russia. Komabe, nyama yolusa inakhazikika kum'mwera kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo. M'mitsinje yomwe imayenda mu Nyanja Zakuda ndi Caspian, kulemera kwakanthawi kofananira sikupitirira 0.6-1.0 kg.
Ngakhale m'madzi akuya akumpoto, burbot imayang'ana malo ozizira, nthawi zambiri ikukhazikika pamakiyi a pansi pamadzi. Ngati izi sizingatheke, maenje, milu yamiyala, snags amasankhidwa ngati malo okhazikika. Pankhaniyi, mawonekedwe apansi ndi osafunikira, amatha kukhala mchenga, miyala, dongo, etc. Kupatula kumeneko ndi malo okhawo osungunuka chifukwa choopsa cha kupangika kwa nyansi, komwe nyama zolusa sizingayende.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Malinga ndi gulu lamakono, burbot ndi gawo limodzi la a Lotinae subfamily (kwenikweni amapanga taxon iyi. Ichoncologists aku Russia amati gulu la burbot ndi banja losiyana ndi burbot. Ponena za mitundu ya subtypes, asayansi ali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, chifukwa ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti mitunduyi ndi monotypic, ena mosemphanitsa.
Gawani ma subspecies awiri mpaka atatu:
- burbot wamba wokhala m'madziwe a Eurasia,
- burbot wochepa thupi - wokhala m'madziwe a Alaska ndi Far East,
- Lota lota maculosa ndi mitundu ina yopezeka kum'mwera kwa North America.
Makina onse a burbot amangokhala usiku - kusaka, kusamukira, kubereka ndi zina zowonetsera zochitika zimachitika kuyambira 22:00 mpaka 6:00. Chifukwa chake, mgonero wa burbot umachitika kokha usiku.
Zizolowezi
Nsomba zam'madzi zimangokhala usiku. Mphamvu (masomphenya, kukhudza, kumva, kununkhiza) zimapangidwa kuti zifufuze nyama mumdima. Dzuwa limakwiyitsa maso a burbot, motero masana silisaka, koma limabisala m'mizu yamitengo, pansi pa miyala, driftwood, crustacean burrows ndikuyesa kutulutsa mutu wake. Zomwezi zimawonedwa ndikutentheza kwamphamvu kwamadzi, zimamupangitsa kukhala ndi masiku ambiri otopetsa, kusakonda chidwi komanso kusowa kudya. Pakakhala nyengo yozizira komanso yamitambo basi, pomwe matenthedwe a madzi amasungunuka pang'onopang'ono + 15 ° С, pomwe owotchera amawonongeka kwakanthawi ndikuwonetsa kususuka kwapadera, nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ndi maukonde asodzi odzaza.
Chodabwitsa china cha burbot ndi chidwi chake chopanda malire mumawu osiyanasiyana. Ndi khutu lokhala ndi chidwi, nsomba zodabwitsazi nthawi zambiri zimayenda mtunda wautali kuti zimveke phokoso.
Kodi burbot amadya chiyani
Maziko a nyama yomwe amadya ndi omwe amakhala pansi. Anthu osakhazikika (a zaka 1-2) amafunitsitsa kudya nyongolotsi, mphutsi, mphutsi, crustaceans, mollusks, mwachangu, mazira nsomba ndi amphibians. Akamakula ndikukula thupi, burbot amadya kwambiri zazikulu:
- mauna, ruff, nsomba,
- m'chiuno, pofinyira, m'chiuno,
- lampry, achule, crustaceans.
Pakamwa pakamwa ndi pakhosi pamakhala mwayi woteteza nyama popanda chovuta kukula ngati gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi la mlenje. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mano owumbidwa ndi bristle, njirayi imachitika popanda kusuntha kowothamanga, ndipo kuluma kwa burbot kumakhala kolimba mtima, koma kosalala komanso kosasunthika. Mkhalidwe wofanana ndi mkangazi womwe unkapatsidwanso mphamvu zotere ku mtunduwu, makamaka m'malo osungirako nyama zokhala ndi vuto losauka la benthic. Fungo lodziwika bwino limakupatsani mwayi kununkhira chakudya chokhazikika cha makilomita angapo, zomwe ndi zomwe asodzi odziwa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito pamene akoka nyambo yakufa ndi nyambo inanso yofukizira.
Ndi kuyamba kwa kutentha kwa chilimwe, nsomba zimasiya kudya ndikuwononga nthawi yambiri. Mu kugwa burbot imatuluka m'makomo ndikuyamba kudyetsa kuyambira madzulo mpaka m'bandakucha, kubwezeretsa mphamvu ndikukonzekera kutuluka.
Zowulutsa
Kudzipatula kwa nyama yomwe imakonda kuzizira kumakhudza nthawi yoikira mazira. Kutengera ndi dera komanso malo okhala burbot, kuwonekera kumachitika pakati pa kumapeto kwa Disembala ndi February. Kuti mazira akule bwino, kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala + 1 ° С. M'mitengo yakumpoto, zinthu zotere zimapangidwa mwachilengedwe ndipo zimatha miyezi ingapo. Munthawi yotentha, izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake nsomba yayamba kupanga gawo la manthanogenis ("kubereka kwa namwali") - kukhazikika kwathunthu kwa ubweya wosabereka. Makhalidwe odabwitsawa amalola kuti akazi athetsere bwino vuto la kubereka m'masiku osowa ozizira kwambiri, osataya nthawi yochulukirapo kufunafuna amuna okalamba ogonana.
Kutulutsa kwa Burbot kumachitika m'malo osaya pang'ono komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono: mwala, zipolopolo, miyala, mchenga. Chifukwa chaichi, nsomba zimasunthira nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri kupita kumadera komwe zidabadwira. Oyamba kubwera ku malo osangalalawa ndi anthu akuluakulu omwe amaikira mazira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a 15-20. Kenako zoyerekezera zapakatikati zimayambanso kutuluka, komanso zazing'ono. Omaliza omwe akubwera ndikukula kwachinyamata (wazaka 3-5), komwe kumapunthwa kukhala "makampani" ampokoso a 50-100 iliyonse.
Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi zatsopano, ma cod roe amakhala ndi zabwino chifukwa cha kuphika kwamafuta, kotero gawo lina lamayendedwe omangira limayendetsedwa momasuka ndipo limatengedwa ndi mtsinje kupita kumadera ena osungiramo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakulitsa mwayi wopulumuka mtunduwo.
Pakukula, nyama yolusa imadya mwachangu, m'malo okhala ndi anthu ochepa, kumakhala koletsa pang'ono kapena kosamalitsa kwausodzi wa dzinja.
Nyambo ya Burbot
Nthawi yosodza imatha kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa mvula. Nthawi yabwino yoluma imayamba madzulo ndipo m'mawa kwambiri (mpaka maola 5). Choyimira chachikulu chikugwa mu Novembala -February. Monga nyambo pa burbot, nsomba nyambo imagwiritsidwa ntchito (yopanda kukula kuposa 8-15 cm): gudgeon, blak, ruff. Mchitidwe wophera nsomba zidutswa za carp, achule ang'onoang'ono, gulu la mphutsi zazikulu, chiwindi cha nkhuku ndizofalikira. Nthawi zambiri mdani angakopeke ndi masewera osangalatsa a sipinache kapena nyambo.
Monga njira yayikulu yosodza, ma donks osintha osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zida zochokera ku ndodo yayifupi yokhala ndi mphete, chingwe cholowera mkati, chingwe chokhala ndi nsomba zokulirapo za 0,5-0.40 mm ndi chosamira mozama, chomwe sichinayendetsedwe ndi zomwe zilipo, koma sizipanga kupindika kolimba, zatsimikizira bwino. Ndikwabwino kuphatikiza leash ndi mbewa pansi pa katundu kuti nyambo ili pafupi ndi pansi.
M'nthawi yachisanu, ma girini ozizira (ozizira) amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe chimbudzi ndi mzere wasodzi chimakonda kukhala m'madzi, zomwe zimapewe kuzizira kwa zida.
Kugawa ndi malo
Dera lokhalamo nyama zamtunduwu ndi mitsinje yozungulira ya Arctic Ocean, ndipo imakhala kumwera mpaka 40. Koma chakum'mwera mitsinje ili, wosaya chotupacho adzakhala. Ku Middle Urals burbot amakhala m'madzi okhala kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Ural Range: m'misili ya Ufa, ku Chusovaya, Sylva, Tur, Tavda ndi m'milandu yake, mu Nyanja ya Tavatuy ndi madamu ena ambiri, m'madziwe ozizira komanso oyenda.
Burbot ndiye woimira yekha wa cod, wokhala mumtsinje wamadzi oyera. Ndiwosankhika, amakonda madzi abwino ndipo salola kuti pakhale magetsi.
Pokhala wothamangitsa pang'ono, burbot imakonda madzi ozizira komanso owoneka bwino okhala pansi. Burbot imakonda kupezeka m'mabowo akuya, okhala ndi mabatani, m'miyala yam'mphepete mwa nyanja, pansi pamiyendo ndi mizu yopanda mitengo. Kuchokera pamitsinje yomwe mitengo yomwe imadutsa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje imadulidwa mwadongosolo, burbot nthawi zambiri imatha. M'nyengo yotentha, burbot siyigwira ntchito, imangokhala bwino pokhapokha kutentha kwa madzi kuli pansi pa madigiri 12, ndipo madziwo akamatentha kwambiri madigiri 15, amabisala m'makola, m'maenje, pansi pamiyala, pansi pamiyala, pansi pamiyala, n kumawasiya akakhala nyengo yozizira kapena yamvula basi. usiku. Nthawi yotentha kwambiri, amabisala ndipo pafupifupi amasiya kudya. Munthawi imeneyi, sizovuta kugwira burobot yobisalira m'dzenje (lomwe, mwanjira, mosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zofala, iye satero) kapena pansi pa zibowo ndi miyala. Akayamba kumutenga, samayesa kuti atembenuke ndikuthawa, koma amayesera kubisala mwakuchulukirapo. Zimakhala zovuta kuti zizisungidwa chifukwa choterera, komanso yokutidwa ndi khungu la ntchofu. M'nyengo yozizira, yophukira ndi koyambirira kwa masika, burbot imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri, imasiya malo ogona ndikuyamba kuyendayenda ndikuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira. Amachepetsa kutentha kwa madzi, amagwira ntchito kwambiri komanso kususuka (amadya nsomba zochuluka).
Kanema: Burbot
Pokhala nyama yolusa yozizira, burbotyo sikhala m'malo obisalirako, kudikirira nyama yake, koma mwachangu imatsika ndikuyamba kudumphadumpha, ndikuwona malo omwe chakudya chingakhalepo pakumva, kununkhiza komanso kukhudza. Koma sitidalira kwenikweni pa chosanthula chathu chowoneka, ndizomveka. Ganizirani nokha - mutha kuwona chiyani usiku, pansi pa mtsinje? Chifukwa chake, timawathira m'maso athu ndipo sitikhulupirira.
Tsopano pali chizolowezi chakuchepa kwakukulu pamlingo wamba wa anthu komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nsomba izi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka mwadongosolo kwamalo okhala (pakati pawo, madzi ndi kupha nsomba, kuphatikiza kuba, ndizofunikira kwambiri).
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a burbot
Chithunzi: Kodi burbot imawoneka bwanji
Kutalika kwa nsomba sikumaposa 1 m, kulemera kwa thupi - mpaka 24 kg. Kunja, burbot imafanana ndi nsomba ina yapansi panthaka - nsomba. Maonekedwe amthupi ndi amtali, ozunguliridwa, opindika pambuyo, komanso mbali zina. Mamba a burbot ndi ochepa kwambiri, koma mbali inayo amaphimba thupi mwamphamvu paliponse - imapitilira pamutu, zofunda zamkati komanso ngakhale pamipanda ya zipsepse.
Maonekedwe a mutu ndiwotambalala, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Nsagwada yapamwamba ndiyotalika pang'ono kuposa m'munsi. Pa nsagwada ndi masanzi pali mano ang'onoang'ono owoneka ngati mkombero. Pafupipiri wosakhazikika pamakhala chibwano, 2 zazifupi pafupi ndi mphuno.
Zipsepse zamtchire ndizochepa komanso zazifupi. Malingaliro oyamba a zipsepse zamkati ndi njira zowonekera zamtambo. Pali zipsepere ziwiri kumbuyo, ndi yachiwiri imatsala pang'ono kufalikira, koma osaphatikizika nayo. Mzere wotsatira ukufika kumapeto kwa anal fa.
Pali mitundu yambiri yosankha burbot. Nthawi zambiri, kumbuyo kwa nsomba kumeneku kumakhala kubiriwira kapena kubiriwira maolivi, komwe kumakhala magawuni akuda bii, masamba ndi mikwingwirima.
Khosi ndi m'mimba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera. Achinyamata nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda (pafupifupi wakuda). Amuna ndi amdima pang'ono kuposa akazi. Kuphatikiza apo, yamphongo imakhala ndi mutu wokhuthala, ndipo wamkazi amakhala ndi torso. Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala akulu.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Burbot nthawi yozizira
Kutentha kwa chilimwe kumafooketsa nsomba - burbot imayamba kugwira ntchito. Koma kutentha kwa madzi kukayamba kufika pa 12 ° C, burbot imayamba kugwira ntchito, kumapita kukasaka nyama ndikugona usiku wonse. Koma madzi akangotentha pamwamba pa 15 ° C, nsombazo zimangobisala m'makola, pansi mabowo, pansi pamiyala, m'miyala ndi m'makola m'mphepete mwa miyala, komanso m'malo ena obisika omwe amabisa kuti kutentha. Ndipo amawasiya kuti angopeza chakudya chofunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo.
Burbot amapita kukasaka kutentha kokha m'masiku amoyo, ndipo usiku wokha. Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, kutentha mukadziwika, burbot hibernates, pafupifupi imasiya kudya. Nsombazo zimakhala zowopsa komanso zopanda chitetezo kotero kuti panthawiyi mutha kuzigwira ndi manja anu! Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndi nthawi yomwe burbot limamenya dzenje (lomwe, mosiyana ndi zonama zabodza, silikumbanso). Ndipo pansi pa zigamba, miyala, ndi "pobisala" ena burbot ndiwosavuta kuyigwira.
Zowonadi, panthawi yomwe amayamba kutenga, nsomba siziyesera konse kutembenuka ndikuthawa, popeza idayenda panyanja momwe ingathere. Osatengera izi, zimapanga lingaliro lolakwika, kufunafuna chipulumutso mu malo othawirako, koma mwakuya kwambiri. Chovuta chokha ndikusunga burbot, chifukwa ndiyoterera kwambiri. Zima, nthawi yophukira komanso koyambirira kwamasika ndi nthawi zazikulu kwambiri zotulutsira burbot. Ndi kuyamba kuzizira, nsomba izi zimayamba kukhala ndi moyo wosokera. Pali kudalirika kodziwika - komwe kumazizira kwambiri madzi, kumakhala kosavuta kuchita ntchito ndipo burorotala limayamba (limadya nsomba zazing'ono).
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Burbot m'madzi
Kuchepa kwa Burbot kumayamba pa zaka zapakati pa 3-4, pomwe kulemera kwa thupi kufika pa 400-500 g. Koma m'malo abwino okhala, nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti amuna amakhala okhwima kale.
Mu Novembala - Disembala (kutengera nyengo ya dera), madziwo ataphimbidwa ndi ayezi kutumphuka, burbot imayamba kusamuka - kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa malo ophulika (kumadera ena). Nsombazi zimatumizidwa kuti zizibowoleka zazing'ono, zomwe zimaphatikizapo chachikazi chimodzi chachikulu komanso amuna 4-5. Kuchokera m'madziwe amadzi osefukira, burbulo limagwera pamibedi yamtsinje. Nyanja zikuluzikulu komanso zozama zokhala ndi madzi ozizira, burbot sichichoka, ikuyenda kuchokera pansi kwambiri pafupi ndi pamalo pomwe pali pansi pake komanso pamiyala.
Nthawi yowerengeka ndiyambira zaka khumi zapitazi za Disembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Njira zake nthawi zambiri zimachitika pansi pa madzi oundana, kumadzi a T m'chigawo cha 1-3ºº. Burbot imakonda kuzizira, chifukwa chake, kuzizira kwambiri, kuwuma kumachitika mwachangu kuposa nthawi yamawombero - kumapeto, njira yofalikira imatambasuka. Mazira okhala ndi droplet yamafuta (m'mimba mwake ndi 0,8-1 mm) amasuliridwa m'madzi osaya ndi mwala pansi ndi mphamvu yapano. Kukula kwa mwachangu kumachitika pansi pa chosungira. Chimodzi mwazinthu za moyo wa burbot ndichachonde chake chachikulu - zazikazi zazikulu zimayikira mazira opitilira miliyoni.
Kutalika kwa mazira kumasiyana masiku 28 mpaka miyezi 2.5 - kutalika kwa njirayi kumatsimikizira kutentha kwa madzi m malo osungira. Kutalika kwa mwachangu komwe kumawunikako ndi 3-4 mm. The kuwaswa mwachangu isanayambe madzi oundana asanayambe kapena kusefukira. Izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pakupulumuka mwachangu, chifukwa mtsinje ukamadzaza, mwachangu nthawi zambiri umatengedwera kudambo lamadzi, pomwe, litagwa madzi, amasowa msanga ndikufa.
Adani achilengedwe a burbot
Chithunzi: Burbot River Fish
Chobisika chachikulu kwambiri sichimapanga mtundu uwu wa nsomba zochuluka. Kuphatikiza pa kumwalira kwa mwachangu nthawi ya kusefukira kwamadzi, mazira ambiri amaphulika panjira. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zina zimakondanso kudya burbot caviar ("opha" oyamba ndiwotulutsa, owonda, opindika, komanso kwakukulu - gudgeon "wokondedwa" wa burbot). Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, gawo la caviar limatsalira m'miyendo ndipo limadyedwa ndi burbot lokha. Zotsatira zake, pakufika kumapeto kwa dzinja, kuchokera mu mazira ochulukitsa, palibenso 10-20% yotsalira.
Ngati titenga munthu wamkulu, burbot wokhwima, ndiye kuti ali ndi adani ocheperako. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amayesetsa kuwedza nsomba kutalika kwa mita 1. Chokhacho ndikuti nthawi yachilimwe (nthawi yotentha, yomwe burbot, pokhala nsomba yakumpoto sichimalekerera konse), ngakhale anthu otulutsa buroboti akuluakulu sagwira ntchito kwenikweni, imatha kukhala chakudya za nsomba zamkati, zomwe zimakulitsa kukula kwake.
Choopsa chachikulu chimakhala pakudikirira burbot yaying'ono. Ndi chifukwa ichi kuti ndi ma burbots ochepa okha omwe amakhalapo mpaka kutha msinkhu. Kukhalapo kwa caviar, mwa njira, ndi "zakudya zabwino" zam'madzi ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Koma mwachangu amakonda kudya ma ruffs, mitundu yoyera ndi ma parches, komanso nsomba zina zomwe zimakhala chakudya cha burb okhwima.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kodi burbot imawoneka bwanji
Mitundu ya burbot ndi yotakata kwambiri - nsomba zimapezeka m'matupi amadzi oyera a kumpoto kwa Europe, Asia ndi North America. Ku Europe, burbot imagwidwa ku New England (nsomba sizipezeka ku Scotland ndi Ireland), ku France (makamaka ku Rhone basin, nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri kum'mwera kwa Seine ndi Loire), ku Italy (makamaka mumtsinje wa Po), komanso ku ma cantoni akumadzulo a Switzerland, mu beseni la Danube (pafupifupi konsekonse) komanso m'matupi amadzi a beseni la Nyanja ya Baltic. Sichimachitika (kuyambira pakati pa zaka zapitazi) pagombe lakumadzulo kwa mayiko a Scandinavia, komanso kumapeto a Iberian, Apennine ndi Balkan.
Ku Russia, burbot ndiyobiquitous - m'madzi oyenda madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic komanso yotentha, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Siberia - kuchokera ku Ob kupita ku Anadyr, ndi kutalika kwake konse. Ku gawo la ku Europe ku Russia, burbot sapezeka ku Crimea, Transcaucasia (kupatula malire otsika a Kura ndi Sefidrud), nthawi zina nsomba izi zimagwidwa ku North Caucasus - mu beseni la mtsinje. Kuban. Malire a kumpoto kwa malowa ndi gombe la Arctic Ocean.
Kummwera, burbot imapezeka m'mphepete mwa Ob-Irtysh basin, ndipo imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana - kuyambira kumtunda (Lake Teletskoye ndi Zaysan) kupita ku Gulf of Ob. Palibe nsomba iyi ku Central Asia, ngakhale kuti mzaka zana zapitazo nsomba zam'madzi zimapha nsomba mwachangu mu beseni la Nyanja ya Aral. Ku Yenisei ndi Baikal, burbot imagwidwa pafupifupi kulikonse. Mu beseni la Selenga, mtunduwu umatsikira kumwera, mpaka ku Mongolia. Burbot imapezeka kudera lonse la mtsinje. Cupid ndi othandizira ake akuluakulu - Ussuri ndi Sungari. Imapezeka kumapeto kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa Yalu.
Ponena za gombe la Pacific Ocean, burbot imapezeka ku Sakhalin ndi Shantar Islands, ndipo imagwera ngakhale m'malo ovuta a nyanja (momwe madzi amchere samapitilira 12).
Chitetezo cha Burbot
Chithunzi: Burbot kuchokera ku Red Book
Burbot ili m'gulu loyamba la kuwonongeka - mitunduyi ili mkati mwa malire a Moscow poopseza kutha, chifukwa chake imaphatikizidwa ndi Zakumapeto 1 za Buku Lofiyira la Chigawo cha Moscow. Komanso, palibe burbot mu International Red Book.
Pofuna kuteteza kuchuluka kwa burbot, akatswiri azachilengedwe amayendetsa zochitika zingapo, ndizo:
- kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa anthu (mwadongosolo, ngakhale munthawi yochita zinthu zochepa),
- kayendedwe kaukhondo wa chilengedwe cha malo obisalamo a chilimwe ndi malo omwe malo ophulika ndi burbot,
- kuzindikira malo atsopano omwe angaoneke kuti ndi oyenerera kubowoleza burbot,
- kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa njira zothandizira kupewa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe m'madzi a Chigawo cha Moscow ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi, zomwe zimakwiyitsa maluwa komanso kuyambiranso. Tsamba lomwe chidwi chake chimayang'aniridwa - kuchokera ku Road Ring Road kupita ku chigwa cha Filevskaya,
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiletso cholimbitsa mabanki amitsinje ndi malo osungiramo malo omwe adalipo kale ndi omwe adakonzedwa kudzera pakupanga nyumba za konkire, ma galion ndi makhoma a mitengo. Ngati pakufunika kulimbikitsa gombelo, ndi magawo okhawo oyang'ana kumtunda komanso obzala mitengo omwe amaloledwa,
- Kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe zam'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zili pafupi ndi madera omwe ali ofunika kwambiri kwa burbot, ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndi zosangalatsa,
- Kupanga malo okhala ndi chilimwe komanso zigawo zazing'ono zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri kuti zitheke. Kufikira izi, "mapilo" amchenga "amakonzedwa m'malo opaka bwino a matupi amadzi,
- Kubwezeretsa kwachilendo kwa anthu ndikuwonjezera khansa yayitali m'matumbo am'madzi - iyi arthropod, pamodzi ndi minnow, ndichakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri cha burbot,
- kukhazikitsa zowunikira mosamalitsa pakutsatira lamulo loletsa kupha nsomba zotulutsa burbot (makamaka mukamabzala) monga mtundu wolembedwa mu Red Book of Moscow.
Samalani kachiwiri - njira zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizothandiza pokhapokha pokhudzana ndi dera la Moscow.
Burbot - Uku ndi kugwiriridwa kotsika, komwe kumatsogolera moyo wamadzulo. Imakonda madamu ndi madzi ozizira, kutentha kumakhumudwitsa. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi malo ochulukirapo, koma kuchuluka kwake sikokwanira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe, komanso zodziwikiratu pazomwe zimachitika pakubala komanso kutha.