Cuneiform paring wobadwira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Pars ndi nyumba zimakhala m'madziwe ndi m'mitsetse ndi madzi ofunda, omwe amakhala ndi asidi pang'ono. Kuwona kwa Cuneiform kudabwera ku Europe mu 1906, ku Russia mu 1911.

Kusemphaku kunanenedwa kuti ndi kotopetsa ndipo kunali kovuta pakubala. Popita nthawi, mawonekedwe a cuneiform adasinthika bwino mikhalidwe yam'madzi ndipo idawonekera koyamba ku Western Europe, ndipo kumapeto kwa fifite ku Russia.

Komabe, mpaka pano, kuswana kosakhazikika kwa matenthedwe ophatikizidwa kumalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zina. Kuti tipewe kuzipewa, tiyenera kuganizira kaye za mndende. Madzi akale okhala ndi kutentha kwa 24-25 ° C, kuuma kwa 12-15 °, ndi pH ya 6.5-7 ndi oyenera nsomba.

Cuneiform chowonera

Madzi ayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi (kamodzi pa sabata kotala la voliyumu), kutulutsa kozungulira ndi kosefera ndikofunikira. Ngati ndi kotheka, nthaka iyenera kukhala yamdima. Kuunikira kumakhala kuzimiririka. Zomera zimasankhidwa mogwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka madzi ndi kuyatsa. Awa ndi ma cryptocorynes, Thai fern, hygrophil, cinnema, Javanese moss, etc. Payenera kukhala malo okwanira mu Aquarium posambira sukulu ya nsomba (zosachepera zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri), zomwe zimasungidwa m'madzi apamwamba ndi apakati.

Momwe mungadyetse kusanthula

Kuwunikira kwa heteromorph pakuyenda kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi anthu okhala m'madzimo monga zebrafish ndi barba, omwe ayenera kukumbukiridwa pakudya. Izi nsomba chosasamala mu chakudya: zimatenga zonse ziume komanso zokhala ndi moyo, koma zimanyamula mosasamala kuchokera pansi. Chakudya chizikhala chosiyanasiyana. Ndidyetsa daphnia, ma cyclops, chakudya chopatsa thanzi, tchizi chofufumitsa yamtundu wofatsa, tchizi chokhala ndi mafuta ochepa, artemia yaposachedwa. Tinthu ndi ma nyini am'magazi sayenera kuperekedwa kangapo kamodzi pa kawiri pa sabata.

Kudyetsa ndi zakudya zamasamba ndikofunikira: mkate Woyera, oatmeal otentha, semolina yophika, scalded ndi masamba osankhika, dandelion, etc.

Zoyenera kumangidwa

Mukamayang'anira ndi kusamalira mawonekedwe a cuneiform, ganizirani momwe nsomba zimakhalira munyengo yachilengedwe. Amakonda kukhala m'mizere yamadzi yokhala ndi malo ambiri okhala ndi masamba owuma. Kusanthula kopanda chidwi kumatha kuzolowera moyo watsopano. Kutengera izi, ndizofunikira kukonzekeretsa ma aquarium kuti muwoneke.

Aquarium

Njira yabwino yosungira nsomba ikakhala kuti ndi malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 40 kapena kupitilira apo. Ngati mukufuna kukonza chikho chachikulu cha nsomba kuchokera pazidutswa 15, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa chidebe chokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa malita 80 kapena kuposerapo. Kuti anthu okhala pansi pamadzi asangalale, sankhani aquarium wama kotala. Nsomba zimadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ndi kudumpha, chifukwa chake samalani kupezeka kwa chivindikiro kapena galasi.

Zomera

Malo okhala ndi ofunika kwa nsomba zazing'ono, Hornwort, cryptocoryne, mitundu yonse ya mosses, valisneria ndi mabatani osiyanasiyana ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pamwamba pa madzi pakhoza kukhala mbewu zilizonse zoyandama. Chonde dziwani kuti mbewuzo ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti pazikhala malo okwanira kusambira kwaulere.

Magawo amadzi

Mwachilengedwe, nsanza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala m'matupi amadzi ndi madzi ofooka, okhala ndi madzi ofewa. Pofuna kuti nsombazo zisakhale ndi nkhawa, pangani zofananira zake. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kusungidwa pamlingo wa 23 - 25 degrees. Ikani fyuluta yamkati yomwe imayambitsa kutuluka pang'ono mumtsinje wamadzi. Kuuma kwamadzi mu osiyanasiyana 8 - 12 dH, acidity 5.5 - 7.0 pH.

Kudyetsa

Nsomba zokhazokha mwachilengedwe zimakonda zokolola zosiyanasiyana. Kunyumba, amadya mitundu yonse yazakudya, popanda kupatula: ma flakes, osati granules zazikulu, zowuma ndi chakudya chamoyo. Komanso, sangakane chakudya chowuma, monga artemia. Kuti nsomba ifike pamlingo wambiri pazinthu zam'madzi, timalimbikitsidwa kutsatira zakudya zoyenera, kupereka chakudya chokwanira nthawi zonse.

Mitsempha ya pakatikati pa tsambalo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, kotero chakudya chamoyo chizikhala chochepa.

Kugwirizana

Parses ndi ochezeka kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kuyanjana ndi mitundu yonse ya nsomba zamtendere: neon, tetra, yaying'ono, guppy. Osawabzala ndi nsomba zazikulu komanso zodyera, monga ma cichlids, ma scalars akulu ndi ma piranhas, atha kutenga oyamba mu aquarium kuti adye. Pazifukwa izi, ndibwino kusunga nsomba m'magulu, osanthula pafupifupi 10, izi ziwathandiza kuti azolowere malo awo okhala kumene mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, sukulu imapereka mtundu wowala, makamaka amuna, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalo owonekera achikazi.

Kufalikira

Mukakonza kuwaza, samalani malamulo angapo:

• Pa kuswana awiriawiri gwiritsani ntchito malita 5 - 8. Monga malo owerengeka owaza, kulimbikitsidwa ndi thanki yosiyanako ya malita osachepera 20. Mutha kukonzekeretsa aquarium kapena botolo la pulasitiki labwino kwambiri.
• Madzi azikhala pakati pa 26 - 28 degrees. Kuuma kwamadzi sikuyenera kupitirira 3 - 4 dH, acidity mkati mwa 5 - 6 pH.

Musanayambe makonzedwe achidebe, santhani bwino.

• Madzi amchere amathiridwa pamtunda woweta, ndipo 1/4 yamadzi iyenera kutsanulidwa, ndikuphatikizira msuzi wa peat. Zotsatira zake, mthunzi wamadzi uyenera kuwoneka ngati tiyi wopanda mphamvu.
• Pansi pake pali mbewu zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu, monga cryptocoryne. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono sizigwira ntchito, chifukwa chachikazi chimaphatikiza mazira pamasamba. Musaiwale kukanikiza mizu ya mbewuyo ndi miyala kuti miyala isayandikire pamwamba.
• Tangi iyenera kukhala ndi nyali zofewa.
• Madzi akuchipuka sayenera kupitirira masentimita 20.

Kufalikira

Nthawi zambiri gulu lokha la akazi awiri kapena atatu ndi abambo atatu mpaka anayi limachitika. Asanatulutse, amagawidwa m'magulu awiri am'madzi kwa masiku 5 - 7, panthawiyi amafunikira kupatsa opanga mowolowa manja chakudya chambiri.

Zovuta zimatha kubala, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti zazikazi zimakhwima kwakanthawi kochepa kuposa zazimuna. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito abambo omwe ali ndi miyezi ingapo kuposa akazi.

Pakatha sabata, nsombazo zimasunthidwa kumalo omwe amatulutsa, ndibwino kuti muchite izi madzulo. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imayamba m'mawa, pakatha masiku 1 - 2. Munthawi imeneyi, madzi am'madzi amayenera kukhala oyera bwino, motero palibe chifukwa chodyetsera makolo amtsogolo.

Mukutulutsa, yamphongo imadzutsira mkaziyo ndikumusunthira kumayambira masamba ambiri. Amaziikira mazira, ndipo amuna, nawonso amakwirira. Nthawi zambiri njira yonseyi imatenga osaposera maola awiri. Mayi mmodzi woyembekezera amatha kuyikira mazira 200-300 mu zinyalala chimodzi. Mimba yake itangopanda kanthu, chotsani nsomba nthawi yomweyo m'madzi, chifukwa zimawopseza caviar. Kutambalala kumayikidwa m'malo amdima, wokutidwa ndi nsalu yowuma kuchokera pamwamba.

Kusamalira Ana

Pambuyo 1.5 - 2 masiku, mphutsi kuwaswa mazira, amene posachedwa mwachangu. M'masiku asanu oyamba amoyo wawo, safuna chakudya, chifukwa amadyetsa kudzera mu yolk sac. Chotsatira, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa fumbi lokhalokha, ma ciliates, artemia kapena ma rotifers mu chakudya. Ngati palibe chakudya choyenera, mutha kudyetsa mwachangu ndi yolk yophika nkhuku. Kutola mwachangu kumakula mwachangu, pomatha mwezi umodzi amakula mpaka 1 cm, ndipo pofika miyezi 8 akutha msinkhu. Kuti muthandize mwachangu kuzolowera mikhalidwe yamadzimadzi, pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwake ndi madzi osavuta madzi ochokera ku aquarium wamba. Khalani oyera mu aquarium ndi mwachangu, ikani zosefera pang'ono ndi kukongoletsa, ikani nkhono zochepa mu zochuluka, zikuthandizani kuchotsa chakudya chotsalira m'madzi.

Ngati mumakonda nsomba zazing'ono komanso zam'madzi zam'madzi, ndiye kuti ndiamasuka kuyambitsa gulu lowunika la cuneiform. Zosavuta kusamalira okhala pansi pa madzi zimakupatsani malingaliro abwino.

Momwe mungaberekere masamba

Kupambana kwa kubereketsa masamba kumatengera makamaka mwa kuphunzitsa kwa opanga. Pongoyambira, magulu awiri a nsomba ayenera kugulidwa kuchokera kwa am'madzi osiyanasiyana. Ndikofunika kuti nsombazi zimasiyana pakapita zaka pamwezi awiri kapena atatu. Ziwetozi zimasungidwa bwino m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana.

Akazi a cuneiform owona okhwima kale kuposa amphongo ndipo ali ndi zaka 6-7 akuyesa kale kuyambitsa masewera a mating. Atafinya zipsepsezo, amaziyika kumbali ya amuna, ngati kuti akufuna kuitenga nawo zikondwererozi. Kenako, akusambira pansi pa masamba a mbewu, amatembenuka mozungulira ndikutsatira kuyikira mazira (nthawi zina makhoma a aquarium amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa).

Komabe, amuna amsinkhu womwewo sanakonzekere kubereka. Nthawi zina amatenga nawo mbali m'masewera, koma kudzipatula kwa anthu oterowo, monga lamulo, alibe choyembekezera.

Amuna azikhala ndi miyezi 8-9, wotsamira, wowoneka bwino, makamaka kuchokera ku famu ina ya ku aquarium.

Opanga zamtsogolo azikhala pampando masiku 7-10. Amasungidwa pa kutentha kwa 23-24 ° C ndikudyetsedwa ndi ma cyclops, ma nyongolongo ang'ono, "ziwanda zazing'ono", enchitrea kapena grindal. Monga chovala chapamwamba pamtunda, ndibwino kupereka zophukira za tirigu wamera, wokhala ndi mavitamini E ambiri.

Madzi powunikira

Tsopano okonza madzi oti ubowole. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi akale kuchokera ku aquarium yokhala ndi zotsalira zamagetsi. Amadutsa makala okhazikika ndi kotala ya voliyumu yokhazikika ndikupopera madzi ndikuwonjezeredwa kuti muchepetse kuuma mpaka 2-5 ° (m'madzi ovuta, mazira amamatira bwino). Ndikwabwino kukwaniritsa acidity yofunikira (pH 6-6.5) mothandizidwa ndi mbande zokulitsa, msuzi wa peat, osatinso ndi phosphoric acid.

Madzi atenge mtundu wa tiyi wopepuka pang'ono. Kupita kokayenda kwa ola lathunthu ndikofunikira.

Sabata imodzi isanatchulidwe, chotenthetsera, ukonde ndi mbewu ziziyikidwa m'khola. Ngakhale kuti zigamba zooneka ngati mabatani zimangamira mazira kumbali yotsika masamba, gawo lina limagwera pansi ndipo, ngati ukondewo ndi mauna, amadyedwa mwachangu ndi makolo. Malingaliro anga, Thai fern imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati gawo lopanda, lomwe limakhudza bwino madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi yokhala ndi mthunzi-wololera ndipo imalekerera kuyatsa kosayenera pakuwonekera.

Photo Photos Cuneiform parsing

Koma tikumbukire kuti masamba ake owonongeka amatulutsa zakudyazo m'madzi, zomwe zimatha kuwononga caviar kapenanso kupewa kutuluka.

Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kumatengera kuchuluka kwa opanga. Pazochita zanga, ndimagwiritsa ntchito zonse ziwiri komanso zoweta zoweta. Ndi kung'ambika kawiri, mmera wa malita 6-8 ndikwanira, ndikusolola, anthu 8-10 ayenera kukhala ndi malita 15- 20 a voliyumu.

Munjira yoyamba (ndikwabwino pakadalira omwe akupanga), caviar yochepa imapezeka kuposa yachiwiri. Komabe, molingana ndi zomwe ndawona, si akazi onse omwe nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali pakugawika kwa zoweta, koma okhawo omwe amawaza omwe amapita bwino. Kwa akazi oterowo, amuna amathamangitsa choyamba. Enawo amayenera kupopera mazira kuti asawoneke ma cysts mwa iwo. Mwa amuna, nawonso, siwokhazikika: ena amatenga mbali pang'onopang'ono, ena amakhala ndi caviar.

Ndikofunika kuti ndikusinthitsa opanga ma masamba opanga maonekedwe kuti aziwonekera m'mawa, atatsala pang'ono kuyatsa magetsi, kudyetsa nsomba komaliza m'mawa. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndibwino kusiyira mmodzi kapena awiriawiri. Pambuyo poyatsa chotenthetsera, kutentha kuyenera kukwera mpaka 26-27-27 С. Aeration iyenera kuchepetsedwa kapena kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu kwathunthu.

Kuwunikira kofalikira nthawi zambiri kumayamba tsiku lotsatira, komanso kungakhale masiku awiri. Zomwe zimachedwetsa mwina ndi kusakonzekereratu kwa nsomba, kapena zinthu zakunja: kapangidwe ka madzi, kutentha kwake, komanso kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga. Mu nyengo yoyipa, yolumikizidwa ndi kuthinitsidwa pang'ono, mpweya, nsomba, monga lamulo, sizimatulutsa. Ngati sipangakhale kufalikira mkati mwa masiku awiri, muyenera kuyesa kukulitsa. Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi. Mutha kuyimitsa amuna ena, mutha kusintha gawo A pamadzi ndi madzi omwewo, koma kutentha kwambiri (1-2 ° C). Koma, mwa lingaliro langa, njira yothandiza kwambiri ndikuwonjezera madzi (0.5-1 lita) kuchokera ku sedimentator, pomwe kuwaza kwangodutsa.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri amayambitsidwa ndi achikazi, koma posakhalitsa zochita zimapita kwa champhongo. Mukayendetsa mwamphamvu, wamkazi amasankha malo patsamba la chomera pomwe mazira amatha kuyikirako. Kenako imatembenukira mozama pansi ndikuyika mazira pansi pa pepalalo. Wamphongo, wowerama kuzungulira thupi la wamkazi, amawaza mkaka ndi caviar. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi akameza mazira angapo - osaposa zidutswa 10 mu clutch (ndipo nthawi zina palibe imodzi).

Sikuti mazira onse amakhalira pamasamba. Zina mwa izo zimagwera pansi, zimamatirira ku gridi, koma zimakula nthawi zambiri. Si kawirikawiri, mwachidziwikire, mkati mwa rutalo, nsomba zimayikira mazira pamakoma a aquarium.

Ndi kuwaza kwa zoweta, amuna osagwira ntchito ndi akazi "opanda kanthu" omwe sanasanduke, ngati kuli kotheka, amasinthidwa ndi ena opanga. Nsombazi ndizokonda kwambiri kotero kuti sizimazindikira kuti nsomba zam'madzi zitha kulowa, ngati sizitali. Opanga kuchokera kumalo osungira posachedwa amaphunzira ndipo ayamba kutenga nawo mbali pang'onopang'ono. Kutalika kwake kumakhala maola 2-2,5. Munthawi imeneyi, awiri okonzekera bwino amatha kupereka mazira 200, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako.

Photo Photos Cuneiform parsing

Kumapeto kwa kufalikira, kuwunikiranso kuyenera kubzalidwanso m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana - chifukwa zotsatira zake sizikudziwika. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kupopera mazira otsala ndi akazi. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri, osachotsa nsomba mu ukonde wonyowa kapena kukulunga ndi thonje lonyowa: ndi dzanja limodzi amadzimangirira, pomwe linalo ndi lonyowa thonje lonyowa pamimba kuyambira kumutu kupita kumchira. Opaleshoni yonse iyenera kuchitidwa mkati mwa miniti imodzi, kuonetsetsa kuti ma gillwo akukhalabe onyowa.

Tisaiwale kuti zazikazi zomwe zimawona ma cuneiform zimakonda kuyamba. Chifukwa chake, nthawi ndi nthawi, ngakhale ana sanakonzekere, ayenera kubzalidwe kuti uteteze popewa kupanga ma cysts. Nsomba zokhala ndi ma cyst othamanga zimafa.

Caviar kuwona zachilengedwe osawopa kuwala, komabe ndibwino kusalola kuyatsa kowala. Kukhazikitsa kwa sprayer komwe kumasakaniza madzi ndikupanga mpweya wa okosijeni kumazira sikumavulala.

Nthawi zina, mutangotulutsa, caviar yonse imakhala yoyera. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosakonzekera bwino kapena kusankhidwa bwino kwa opanga (mazira achikazi akupsa, wamwamuna ndi wopanda ntchito, zina).

Zimachitikanso kuti caviar, yomwe imawonekera pang'onopang'ono, imayera komanso kusungunuka patatha maola ochepa, zomwe zimachitika kwambiri chifukwa cha kupangika kwamadzi (mwachitsanzo, zimatha kusintha chifukwa chakuti panali masamba obiriwira amtundu wa masamba a Thai fern).

Ndipo pamapeto pake, njira yachitatu: zotsatira za kuwaza ndizabwino komanso zoipa, ndipo kuchuluka pakati pawo kungakhale kosiyana kwambiri. Ngati pakati pa mazira ambiri owoneka ndi mazira owoneka bwino, ndiye kuti nkoyenera kugawana madzi, mpaka kwayamba kusefukira, kutsanulira pachidebe china ndikuyika mbewuyo ndi mazira omwe adayikidwa masamba. Mazira owonekera omwe agwera pansi amafunika kusamutsidwa pamenepo, atasankhidwa ndi chubu chopanda magalasi (panjira, mazira abwino amathanso kukhala pa gululi).

Ngati palibe caviar osakwanira wokwanira, ndibwino kusiya zonse monga zilili. Mochulukirapo, methylene buluu imatha kuwonjezeredwa kumadzi - mpaka mtundu wamtambo.

Patatha tsiku limodzi, mphutsi zachikasu m'malo mwake zimatuluka. Amapachikidwa pamakoma, masamba a chomera, amagona pansi. Kugwedeza pang'ono, chotsani fern ndi ukonde kuti madzi asasokonekere, onjezani makala awiri kapena atatu omwe akuwala. Mphutsi zowoneka ndi nkhono sizimakhudzidwa ndi nkhono: zikagwiridwa, zimangodumphira mbali.Mulingo wamadzi ukhoza kuchepetsedwa mpaka masentimita 5-7.

Patatha masiku anayi kutuluka, tsiku lomwe mphutsi sizisambira, chakudya chochepa chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kwa sedimentator - ciliates, rotifers. Mphutsi zomwe zimayenda tsiku lotsatira nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kutenga Artemia nauplii, ndipo protozoa idzakhala chakudya chabwino: pambuyo pake, nauplii m'madzi atsopano sakhala nthawi yayitali.

Mukamasamalira mphutsi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe a Leningrad aquarist otchuka a Leningrad. Madzi okhala ndi mphutsi amayenera kuthiridwa mosamala mumtsuko wozungulira wopanda mbale kenako osasankhidwa. Madziwo atayima, mphutsi zimafalikira paliponse, ndipo zinyalalazo zidzakhala pakatikati, kuchokera komwe zimatha kusungidwa mosavuta ndi peyala kapena kuyamwa ndi chubu chopyapyala.

Pamene mphutsi zili m'mbale, woyikamo amayenera kutsukidwa osagwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira mafuta. Kenako ndikofunikira kuthira madzi ndi mphutsi mosamala, ndikuwonjezera madzi ovuta a kutentha komweko (ofanana kufanana). Pambuyo pamachitidwe onse, mphutsi zimayenera kudyetsedwa.

Photo Photos Cuneiform parsing

Mphutsi zimalekerera kugwira ntchito koteroko, ndikofunikira kuti sizitsatira makoma a chombo.

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mwachangu amakula msanga. Masabata angapo atatha kusambira, malo amdima amatha kusiyanitsidwa kumbali zawo, komanso kumata chakuda m'munsi mwa mchira. Masiku khumi pambuyo pake, mwachangu amatenga daphnia yaying'ono. Sindikupangira kuwadyetsa ndi zingwe zazing'ono: kamodzi pamahatchi ambiri, zimatha kuwononga kwambiri ana.

Pokhapokha ngati ali ndi mwezi umodzi, pamene mwachangu ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira, amatha kupatsidwa zochuluka zazing'onoting'ono izi. Pakatha milungu iwiri, pomwe mwachangu afikira sentimita imodzi ndi theka, tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kumudyetsa m'makonzedwe, koma ndizosatheka kuwapatsa zambiri. Zingwe zolimba za chitinousous zomwe zimaphimba thupi la nyongolotsi zimatha kubweretsa matenda am'mimba komanso ngakhale kufa kwamphamvu kwa mwachangu. Ndipo, komabe, monga momwe masewera akuwonetsera, mwana atasinthidwa kuti adyetse tinthu, kukula kwake ndikuwonjezereka.

Inde, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumakhudzanso kukula. Masabata awiri kapena atatu atatha kusambira, ayenera kusamutsidwira kumalo ena omwe amakhala ndi madzi ambiri. Kwa kusefa ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ya thovu.

Pafupifupi miyezi inayi yakubadwa kwa amphongo amtsogolo, malo akuda amayamba kutambasukira kumbali yakumapeto, pofika miyezi 6 mpaka 6 amathera pamlingo pakati pa zipsepse za patisiti ndi zotupa. Kuphatikiza pa mkhalidwewu, amuna amakhala ndi thupi lochepera, zipsepse zamkati mopepuka komanso mawonekedwe owala a zipsepse zamkati ndi caudal.

Ngati mukufuna kubereka, ndiye kuti kuchokera ku ana oyamba ndibwino kusankha makamaka amuna. Mukatulutsa katatu kapena kanayi patadutsa masiku 7 mpaka 7, muyenera kupuma kaye mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Kenako, monga lamulo, padzakhala caviar yoyera yambiri, koma izi zisakusokonezeni: mtsogolomo zinthu zidzasintha. Nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimasankhidwa kuchokera ku mwachangu pambuyo pobala. M'mibadwo yotsatira, kubereka kwabwinobwino, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba kuchokera ku famu ina ya aquarium.

Kukonza kwakanthawi kuwona zachilengedwe muma aquarium amateur ndi kuswana kwokhudzana kwambiri ndi izi sikungathe koma kupangitsa mawonekedwe amitundu yosinthika. Kalelo koyambirira kwa zaka 70s, panali malipoti akuwombera kwophimba m'magazini akunja. Asodzi a m'madzi am'madzi timakumana ndi nsomba zam'mphepete mwa mapiri ndi pansi.

Mkazi wanga anakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, momwe ma ray apansi a caudal fin anali atakwezedwa, ngati a munthu walupanga. Komabe, mitundu yokhazikika yophimba kuwona zachilengedwe sanalandirebe. Nthawi ina, ndikutola zinyalala kuchokera mumbale yoyera yopanda kanthu pomwe madzi anakhetsa kuchokera pamalo ocheperako ndi mwana wazaka ziwiri zokha, ndinazindikira kuti mwachangu zinayi zomwe zimatsutsana ndi maziko oyera ndi mtundu wawo wakuda. Pazaka za mwezi umodzi, pomwe zambirizi amazithira utoto kale ngati makolo, awa anayi anali ndi imvi. Komabe, pakupita nthawi, idayamba kuwala, ndipo itatha miyezi 5-6, nsomba sizidasiyanitsidwe ndi anzawo. Ndizotheka kuti pambuyo pake, ndi ntchito yoyenera kubereka, ndizotheka kupeza mitundu yakuda ya R. heteromorpha.

Kodi ndimatenda ati omwe akudwala

Zingwe zooneka ngati maukwati zomwe zimakula bwino zimadwaladwala. Komabe, munthu ayenera kuganizira matenda omwe nsombazi zimakonda kudwala.

Photo Photos Cuneiform parsing

Choyamba, amatha kugwira chimfine mosavuta, ndipo pamadzi otentha pansi pa 20-21 ° C amawopsezedwa ndi matenda a fungus. Mankhwalawa ndi osavuta - ingoikani nsomba m'madzi akale, kwezani kutentha mpaka 2 ° C - 30 ° C ndikukhazikitsa bwino. Ndikofunika kupanga ma bafa angapo osakhalitsa (mphindi 10-15) kuchokera ku pinki yotseka njira yothetsera wa potaziyamu, yomwe ingasinthidwe ndi yankho la sodium chloride - supuni 3/4 pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Njira izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchotse matendawa mkati mwa masiku 3-5.

Vutoli limakhala lovuta kwambiri ndi oodiniosis, komwe nsomba zimakhudzanso. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala a bicillin-5 ndi othandiza. Popewa, pakukula m'madzi am'madzi momwe muli ana ambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mchere - supuni imodzi pa 10 malita a madzi.

Debrpsling zimakhudzidwa kwambiri kusintha kwa madzi kapangidwe kazinthu. Popeza adagwa kuchokera ku njira yofewa ya asidi komanso yovuta kwambiri yokhala ndi zamchere, amakhala ndi mantha, omwe amatha kupha. Ngakhale kungoika mwachangu m'madzi ndi magawo abwino sikuti kupulumutsa nthawi zonse nsomba.

Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri kuwona zachilengedwe - Kuwunikira kwa Hengel (R. hengcli Mcinken, 1956). Ndi mawonekedwe omwewo a thupi, nsomba zimakhala ndi kukula kocheperako (mpaka ma sentimita 3.5) ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri, womwe umakhala wolimba pokhapokha utawaza. Malo opangidwa ngati mphero mwa iwo sakutchulidwa motero amawoneka ngati kamtambo wakuda, akumakoka mchira. G. Frey anena za mayendedwe achilengedwe a akazi amtunduwu: kuti akope amuna kuti aberekeke, amayenda mozungulira mozungulira. Hengel amafufuza, monga mawonekedwe owumbika, amaikira mazira pamphepete mwa masamba azomera zam'madzi. Tsoka ilo, palibe malipoti okhudza nsomba zosangalatsa izi ku Russia.

Kufotokozera

Nsombazi zimatha kudziwika mosavuta ndi mtundu wawo wamtali, wosanjikizika pambuyo pake ndi malo amdima atatu, pang'onopang'ono ndikukoka kumbuyo kwa thupi ndikufika kumapeto kwa caudal fin. Dzinalo Lachilatini la mtunduwu limamasuliridwa - malo amodzi.

Mtundu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe anali chifukwa cha dzina lawo la Chingerezi - harlequin parsing.

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Masitepe okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosungirako mitundu, ndipo ngati mungokhala nokha mumadzi am'madzi, amawopa kwambiri, komanso mawonekedwe okongola, makamaka amuna, amadziwonetsera okha pamaso pa anthu amtundu wawo.

Kuswana

Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yambiri imamera m'magulu akulu.

Oimira amtunduwu amasiyana mu kubereka. Mosiyana ndi kuwunika konseko, akamatulutsa amangowaza mazira awo, mazira owoneka ngati maukwati amakakamira mazira pansi pamasamba a masamba am'madzi.

Kubala nsomba ndizovuta kwambiri. Kukula kwa nsomba kumafika miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, kutengera ndi mikhalidwe yomwe akumangidwa. Pafupifupi nthawi ino, akuyenera kutumizidwa kuti ukawone. Pakululu woyenera, wamphongo azikhala wamkulu pamwezi kuposa wamkazi. Masiku 10-12 musanatulutse, opanga (osapitilira 2 amuna ndi akazi 3-4) amafunika kubzalidwe ndikuwadyetsa bwino, bwino ndi mkazi wamagazi. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba izizolowera kutunga madzi, omwe amakhala osiyana pang'ono ndi magawo ake kuchokera ku aquarium.

Voliyamu yowunikira iyenera kukhala pafupifupi malita 30. Kupezeka kofunikira kwa masamba otambalala, mwachitsanzo, Thai fern kapena cryptocoryne. Zomera zodulira ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino, ndipo madziwo ayenera kutetezedwa. Pansi pakupulumutsa mazira amayenera kuyika gululi. Mphepo yamadzi yopanda madzi yoposa masentimita 20. Magawo amadzi mu aquarium yomwe amatulutsa ndi motere: kuuma - 4, pH 5.5 -6.5, kutentha 26 - 28 ° C. Madontho akuthwa samaloledwa. Madzi owaza amayenera kusefedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa peat ku mtundu wa tiyi wobiriwira. Kuunikira makamaka kusokoneza. Komabe, nthawi zina zimafalikira m'kuwala kowala.

Ngati zinthu zomwe zidalipo pang'onopang'ono ndizabwino, zamphongo zimayamba kukankhira pansi mkaziyo, kumazungulira pamwamba pake. Yaikazi imayamba kusambira pamwamba pamasamba a zomerazo, nthawi zina imayimilira mozondoka. Wamphongo adzagwirizana naye. Amadzipukusa ndi thupi lake, kenako mkaziyo amaikira mazira angapo, nthawi yomweyo kumamatira masamba. Chilichonse chimabwerezedwa kambiri. Gawo lina la mazira limagwerabe pansi pamadzi, pansi pa ukonde. Mu 1.5-2 maola kutulutsa, wamkazi amatha kusesa mpaka mazira 300.

Atatulutsa, nsomba zimayenera kubwezeretsedwanso m'madzi, ndipo makhoma a pomwe amawonekera amada. Mphutsi zimawonekera patatha maola 36, ​​ndipo mwachangu amatha kusambira ndi kudya pofika tsiku la 5 la moyo. Monga chakudya choyambira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zooplankton yaying'ono kwambiri: brine shrimp ndi daphnia. Popeza mwachangu amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukonda kwambiri kudya, amafunika kudyetsedwa kangapo patsiku. Ndipo m'zakudya zawo ndizotheka kuwonjezera chakudya chouma chapadera. Fry wachikulire amatha kudya zakudya zama granular, coronet, enchitrea, zingwe zazing'ono zamagazi, ma cyclops, daphnia, artemia. Zala zam'manja zimakula mwachangu kwambiri.

Parsing Heteromorph kapena Sphenoid (Trigonostigma heteromorpha)

Zokondedwa zakale zakunyumba, mbiri ya zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zopitilira zana. Kwa akatswiri ambiri am'madzi, dzina la kuwunikiridwa limalumikizidwa ndi mitundu iyi, ngakhale, monga tikudziwira kale, ndiye woimira kwambiri gulu lonseli. Ichi ndiye chachikulu kwambiri mpaka 5 cm komanso chachitali kwambiri pa mawonedwe onse a cuneiform. Mtundu wofiirira, wakuda wokhala ngati mawonekedwe, kuyambira pakati pa thupi, lonse, wogundana mpaka mchira. Amuna amafotokozedwa momveka bwino, mwa akazi ndi ophatikizika, okhala ndi mawonekedwe apansi ozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amadziwika ndi borsal fin yabwino. Mitunduyi ndi yofalikira ku Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra ndi Kalimantan.

Parsing Espei (Trigonostigma espei)

Amasiyana ndi mtundu wam'mbuyomu mukuwonjezerapo pang'ono bwino, kamvekedwe ka mtundu wa mkuwa, wocheperako komanso wokulirapo ndi tsamba lamkati, kumakumbukira tsamba la mpeni (m'Chingerezi, nsomba iyi imatchedwa 'lambchop rasbora'). Nsomba zamtendere zamtendere zam'madzi ogwiridwapo omwe ali ndimipanda yamathunzi. Zomera zazikulu ngati pobisalira: masamba otambalala ndi madzi ofewa, pang'ono acid. Pali mitundu iwiri yakutali yamtunduwu: umodzi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Thailand, wina kumwera chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo, m'malire ndi Cambodia. Kupaka utoto kumasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana malowa.
Kutalika: sizapitilira 3.5 cm.
Madzi: kutentha 23-27 C, pH pang'ono acidic pansipa 7, wofatsa, dn 2-10.
Chakudya: khalani owuma, owuma.
Osiyanasiyana: Thailand, Cambodia.

Parsing Somfongsi (Trigonostigma somphongsi)

Woyimira zazing'ono kwambiri wamtunduwu, wofika kutalika kwa 3 cm yokha, komanso nthawi yomweyo wokhala ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri, loyendetsa. Malowo amakula pang'ono kutsogolo ndipo mwina akuimira chingwe chachitali chotalika kuyambira mchira mpaka pakatikati pa thupi. Mbali yake yakutsogolo yazunguliridwa ndi kukongola kowonekera kwachikaso, kamvekedwe kake ka utoto ndi golide. Mitunduyi ndiyosowa mwachilengedwe ndipo tsatanetsatane wa magawidwe ake amafunika kufotokozedwa. Amadziwika bwino kuti amakhala m'malo ena akumadzulo a Thailand.

Kuwona malo a wedge ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira nsomba zam'madzi zambiri komanso zamitundu mitundu;

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Kuti muwonongeke zigamba zowoneka ngati ndevu komanso moyo wake wautali, muyenera kudyetsa bwino nsomba. Zakudya za heteromorphs ndizosiyanasiyana: phenotype imadya mitundu yonse ya chakudya, kuphatikizapo chomera, chamoyo komanso chazizira. Kuti zigawozi zikhale ndi chidwi ndi mtundu wowala, ziweto zimapatsidwa chakudya:

• Artemia
• tchizi tchizi
• tchizi chamafuta ochepa
• ma granle owuma ndi ma flakes,
• nyenyera za mikate yoyera
• semolina
• chimfine,
• wopanga tubule.

Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chamagulu, ndipo chakudyacho chimakhala pansi chisanayambe. Pakamwa pa nsombayo pali tating'onoting'ono, choncho zakudya zonse ziyenera kukhala zosaya kwambiri.

Kuswana

Amakhulupirira kuti kuswana ndi mapangidwe a cuneiform ndi nkhani yovuta, koma kwenikweni palibe zovuta pamenepa. Pakuchepa, ndikofunikira kupatsa nsomba moyenera. Kubalana kumachitika m'malo osiyana siyana.

• voliyumu - 6-8 l,
• kutentha kwa madzi - 26C - 27C,
• acidity - kuyambira 5 mpaka 6 pH,
• kuuma - osapitilira 3 dH.

Madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza thanki yakukhazikika, ndikuwonjezera msuzi wa peat. Zomera zimasankhidwa ndi masamba akulu, kotero kuti masamba amatha kuyikira mazira. Kuyatsa kumakhala kofewa, kufota. Asanayambe kuswana, chiwiya chimatsukidwa ndikuchotsa majeremusi.

Chovuta chovuta kubereka ma heteromorphs ndikuti atsikana okhwima kale kuposa anyamata, kotero maanja amapanga, kutola amuna okulirapo kuposa miyezi ingapo. Makolowo amadzasunthira kumalo osungirako nyama, pomwe mbalameyo imayikira mazira, pomwepo nsomba zimachotsedwa pomwepo pobisala kuti zisunge mwachangu mtsogolo. Ma aquarium ndi ana amaphimbidwa ndi kanthu kakang'ono, ndikuyika malo amdima.

Patatha masiku awiri, nsomba zazing'ono zimawonekera m'kuwala, ndipo patatha masiku asanu, asitikali am'madzi amayamba kudyetsa mwachangu, ndikuwapatsa ciliates, artemia ndi ma rotifers. Komanso, eni ake amayang'anira ukhondo nthawi zonse, akukonzanso madzi, ndikukhazikitsa kusefa ndi kutulutsa. Pofika miyezi isanu ndi itatu, mwachangu amapangidwa mokwanira ndikukhala okhwima.

Kusanthula kooneka ngati matenda opindika

Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, ma heteromorphs samadwala, koma nthawi zina ngakhale nsomba zopanda mphamvu zimagwira chimfine. Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi awa:

• Kuzizira - kutentha kumatsika pansi pa 20C, nsomba zimagwira chimfine, zimakumana nawonso matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Kwa prophylaxis, ziweto zimasunthidwa kupita ku malo okhala ndi madzi okhazikika ndipo kutentha kumawonjezera kukhala 27C.
• Oodiniosis - pankhaniyi, bicillin-5 amathandizidwa.

Nsomba zimakumana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu ndikusintha kwakuthwa kwamadzi. Ikakhala m'malo opanda pake, masamba amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu, lomwe limayambitsa ziweto. Chifukwa chake, magwiridwe amadzi amayang'aniridwa mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera poyang'anira.
Weding wokhala ngati mawonekedwe ndi nsomba yosenda komanso yogwira ntchito, zomwe zili zambiri zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa. Ma Heteromorphs ndi osasinthika, oswana mosavuta komanso osangalatsa am'madzi okhala ndi mamba ochulukirapo komanso zipsepse. Nsomba zotentha zokhala ndi dzina lokongola zimakongoletsa dziwe lililonse lochita kupanga.