World Wildlife Fund, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu, yawatanthauzira kukhala m'gulu la "osatetezeka"
Moscow Seputembara 5. INTERFAX.RU - World Wide Fund for Natural (WWF) yasintha ma pandas akuluakulu kuchokera ku "pangozi" kukhala mitundu "yosatetezeka". Izi zanenedwa mu uthenga wa bungwe.
Zosintha ku Buku Lofiira la zolengedwa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kupangidwa zidapangidwa kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtunduwu. Chifukwa chake, mu 2014, anthu 1864 adawerengedwa, pomwe mu 2004 chiwerengero cha nyama chidali 1596 payokha.
Mkhalidwe wa "pangozi" lalikulu la pandas, wokhala ku China kokha, adayikidwa mu 1990. Panda yayikulu ndi chizindikiro cha WWF. Chizindikirocho chidapangidwa ndi omwe adayambitsa bungweli, wolemba zachilengedwe komanso wojambula Peter Scott mu 1961. Zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake, WWF idakhala bungwe loyamba padziko lonse lapansi kulandira ziphaso zantchito ku China.
Zomwe zidakhalapo ndi pandas zidabweranso, chifukwa cha ntchito zambiri, zomwe zadziwika mu bungwe lazachitetezo.
Ku China, adasinthana ndi izi: mu 1981 adaletsa kugulitsa zikopa za nyama, ndipo mu 1988, kusaka kudaletsedwa, mu 1992 adapanga dongosolo la malo osungirako - tsopano kuchuluka kwawo kuli kale 67 ndipo 67% ya ma pandas onse amakhala kudera lonse dziko. Tsopano, njira zopulumutsira nyama zikutengedwa osati kokha ndi olamulira aku China, komanso ndi ochirikiza zinyama padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuthengo, anthu 1864 pakadali pano. Papuas yotsala satha kuzolowera moyo wachilengedwe ndipo ali munkhokwe.
Nkhani yolembedwa ndi World Wide Fund for Nature ikuti panda yayikulu, chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za anthu, yasiya kukhala pangozi. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa kuopsa komwe mitundu ina yachilendo yakukwera yakula.
Pa tsamba lovomerezeka la World Wide Fund for Natural (WWF)
Akuti bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Natural lasinthiratu mkhalidwe wa pandas zazikulu mu Red Book, ndikuchepetsa kuti lisakhale "pachiwopsezo" kukhala "osatetezeka".
Luo Jie PiA WWF Executive Director ku China: "Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mitunduyi kukuyankhula za zoyesayesa zambiri zotsogozedwa ndi boma la PRC ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti mabizinesi posungira nyama zofunikira kwambiri monga zilumba zazikulu zikulipira."
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti panda yayikulu ndi chizindikiro cha WWF, ndipo kuyambira zaka zojambulazo zimayikidwa pa logo ya bungweli.
Marco Lambertini, WWF CEO: "Izi zikuyenera kudziwidwa, koma pandas ndi mitundu yosowa komanso yosatetezeka, ndipo malo awo ali pachiwopsezo kuchokera ku malo osapangidwa bwino. Musaiwale kuti ndi anthu 1,864 okha omwe amakhala kuthengo. ”
1. Pandas kudya zakudya zolakwika.
Panda amadya bamboo pafupifupi 99%. Ku malo osungirako nyama, amadya msungwi, koma amavomerezanso nzimbe, phala la mpunga, zosakaniza zapadera zomwe amapangira, kuyambira kaloti, maapulo ndi mbatata zotsekemera.
Vuto ndiloti sangakwanitse kudya nsungwi. Matupi awo samasinthidwa kugaya cellulose motero ayenera kudya bamboo ambiri (makilogalamu 9-20 patsiku). Chifukwa cha chakudya cholakwika ichi, nyama zamtchire sizikhala ndi mapuloteni okwanira komanso mphamvu zokwanira kusuntha, makamaka makamaka kwa wokwatirana.
Njira yogaya chakudya ya pandas idapangidwa kuti igaye nyama, imayikidwa ngati carnivores. Amakhala ndi mano olimba, monga chimbalangondo chilichonse, ndipo ngati atatha bamboo, amatha kudya nyama ndi nsomba. Komabe, amangodya bamboo.
Chifukwa chosowa mphamvu komanso kuperewera kwa chakudya m'thupi, nyama za pandas zakhala nyama zaulesi kwambiri. Amakhala nthawi yawo yayikulu atakhala kapena atagona m'malo amodzi. Nthawi yonse idya bamboo. Ndi zoyipa nthawi 40 patsiku!
2. Pandas alibe chidwi ndi kubereka.
Mosiyana ndi zinthu zina zonse zapadziko lapansi, pandas alibe chidwi kwenikweni pakusamba. M'malo mwake, alibe chidwi kotero kuti anthu amakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonetsera ubongo. Amayika ma pandas angapo m'khola ndikuwawonetsa kanema pomwe panda zina.
Pakukhwima, yamphongo imayenera kufikira yachikazi ndikupanga mawu ena. Kupanda kutero, wamkazi adzazindikira njira yake ngati yowukira. Paukapolo, amuna samayesera kwambiri kufikira akazi, ndipo samayesa kubala mawuwo.
Pazachikazi zimatulutsa kamodzi pachaka - kasupe - kuyambira masiku awiri mpaka atatu. Ngati munthawi imeneyi sakopa amuna, nthawi yakukhwima imatha. Kuti alimbikitse abambo kuti asaphonye mwayi woperewera, anthu adapatsa ngakhale pandas ndi Viagra.
3. Pandas ndi makolo oyipa
Akazi amatha kubereka ana amuna awiri, monga lamulo, m'modzi yekhayo amakhala ndi moyo chifukwa mayi amatha kusamalira mwana m'modzi yekhayo. Mwana wachiwiri amangonyalanyazidwa.
Anawo amakhalabe ndi mayi wawo kwa zaka zitatu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mkazi mmodzi, atha kukhala ndi mkono umodzi zaka zitatu zilizonse. Chifukwa chakusaka kwalamulo, malo okhala ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kufa, kuchuluka kwa mbulu zazikulu sikuchira.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala pandere pawokha amapha ana awo. Pandas ndi amodzi mwa amayi oyipitsitsa mu ufumu wa nyama.
Ngati mumakonda nkhaniyo, fufuzani ndikulembetsa!
Chifukwa chiyani panda ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi?
Kuti mukhale ndi malingaliro omvekera bwino pankhani yankhaniyi, choyambirira, tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mtundu womwe anthu ake amakhala otsika kwambiri ndikupitilizabe kutsika amaonedwa kuti ali pangozi. Vuto linanso lofunikira ndiloti pandas ndi dzina wamba lanyama zamitundu iwiri zomwe ndizogwirizana kwambiri. Tikuyankhula za panda yayikulu, yomwe imatchedwanso chimbalangondo, ndi panda yaying'ono.
Tsoka ilo, kukumana ndi pandas angapo kuthengo ndizosatheka.
Ngati zakale ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa chofanana ndi chimbalangondo komanso mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera, izi sizitchuka kwambiri ndipo zimawoneka ngati fodya wofiirira. Chifukwa chake, polankhula za pandas, ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa mawu omwe akufunsidwa.
Kujambula kwa mapaya akuluakulu kumawapangitsa kukhala amodzi mwa nyama zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri.
Tsoka ilo, zovuta zonse ziwirizi sizingatheke. Chiwerengero cha nyama zamtunduwu ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa panda akupitilizabe kuchepa.Ponena za zimbalangondo, posachedwa zinthu zake zasintha pang'ono, zomwe zidatilola kupatula panda yayikulu mndandanda wazamoyo zomwe zili pangozi.
Momwe zinthu zilili pandas ndikuyenera kuti azigwira mutu.
Kodi chifukwa chiyani nyama zazikulu zotchedwa pandas sizilinso nyama zokhala pangozi?
Chiwerengero chotsika cha ma pandas chachikulu chinapitirira kwa zaka zoposa chikwi. Ngakhale kuti palibe chidziwitso chambiri chaku China chomwe chimakhala ku China masiku akale (kumbukirani kuti panda yayikulu ndi malo aku China), mbiri yakale yakale imanena kuti panthawiyo anali kuonedwa kuti ndi nyama. Mulimonsemo, m'zaka za VI-VII, nyama izi zidatchulidwa kuti ndi mphatso yamtengo wapatali, yomwe idakhalako mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 20.
Chimbalangondo cha bamboo kalelo chinali mphatso yachifumu.
Mu 80s ya zaka zapitazi, pandas zazikulu, zomwe ndi chizindikiro cha China, zidakhala zochepa kwambiri kotero kuti boma la dziko lino lidatenga njira zomwe sizinakhalepo kuti ziwapulumutse. Makamaka, malo apadera ophunzirira ndi kuswana kwa pandas adapangidwa, pakati pomwe odziwika kwambiri ndi malo osungirako ndi nazale ku Chengdu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuletsa mwamphamvu kusaka ndi kusaka nyama izi, kuphwanya kwake ndikulangidwa ndi imfa. Kugulitsa zikopa za panda yayikulu ndi ziwalo zina za thupi lake kumalangidwanso kwambiri. Mofananamo, boma laika ndalama zambiri posunga malo okhala pandas zazikulu.
Panafunika zoyesayesa chachikulu kuti aletse ziwonongeko zazikulu.
Njira zonsezi zidakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, ndipo atawerengeka pandas yayikulu mu 2016, zidapezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Kuchita izi kunapangitsa kuti zisinthe mawonekedwe a chimbalangondo cha bamboo ku Red Book kuchokera ku mtundu womwe uli pachiwopsezo kukhala wovuta. Malinga ndi akatswiri odziwa zachilengedwe, kupitanso patsogolo kuchita izi kudzachulukitsa 30% yazaka ziwiri zapitazi.
Kukula kwa chiwerengero cha pandas lalikulu ndi nkhani yonyadira dziko la China.
Pandas Ochepera - Mitundu Yokhala Pangozi
Tsoka ilo, panda zazing'ono ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zazikulu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti ambiri mwa nyama izi amakhala kunja kwa China - m'maiko omwe kuteteza nyama zakuthengo sikuli patsogolo. Zotsatira zake, malo okhala nkhwawa zing'onozing'ono akuwonongeka mwachangu, ndipo nyama zomwe zimapitilidwa kusakidwa.
Ndizotheka kuti pandas yaying'ono idzazimiririka pamaso pa Dziko lapansi pofika kumapeto kwa zaka zana lino.
Koma ngakhale komwe kuli koletsedwa, kulangidwa chifukwa choganiza ndizofunikira kwambiri kuopa iwo omwe akufuna kupanga ndalama pa nyama yamtengo wapatali iyi. Ubweya wa panda yaying'onoyo umayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukongola komanso mphamvu zamatsenga zake. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu kumachitika chifukwa chkusoka pandas yaying'ono kuti asunge ngati ziweto. Chifukwa cha izi, tikuvomera kuti pakadali pano palibe chiyembekezo cha kuchuluka kwa anthu kapena kukhazikika, ndipo pandas ang'ono ali pangozi zomwe zatsala.
Mwamwayi, akapolo, agalu ang'onoang'ono amabereka bwino kwambiri kuposa akulu.
Chifukwa chiyani pandasi amafa?
Ngakhale panda yayikulu masiku ano sinafotokozedwe ngati nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono, zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama izi zakhala zikuchitika nthawi zonse:
• Kudula mitengo kwa nkhalango za bamboo,
• kusaka nyama ndi ubweya.
Ndipo ngati boma lidakwanitsa kuthana ndi kusaka nsungwi zimbalangondo mosavuta, ndiye kuti kugwa kukupitilizabe kukhala vuto lalikulu. Chiwerengero chambiri cha dziko la China komanso chitukuko chachuma chambiri zimafuna malo atsopano. Nthawi yomweyo, njira zatsopano zoyendera zayikidwa zomwe zimasokoneza malo okhala m'malo okhala, zomwe zimangobweretsa magawano la anthu okhala pandas zazikulu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti m'midzi yopezeka kumapiri a kumapiri a mapiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndalama zochepa zomwe zimapezeka. Ponena za panda yaying'ono (yofiyira), choopseza chachikulu mpaka pano kusaka ndi kutchera msampha.
Ngakhale kuti panda yaying'ono imakhala kumadera akutali, ikupitilirabe kusakidwa.
Moyo wa panda yayikulu umatengera nkhalango za bamboo.
Kubadwa kwa mbewa zamtundu uliwonse wamphaka ndi chochitika chapadziko lonse lapansi.