Monga njuchi zolimbikira, uchi umasonkhanitsidwa ndi njuchi kutiidyetse ana awo. Popeza amakhala pachilimwe chokha, samapanga masheya nthawi yachisanu. Chiberekero chokhacho chomwe chimadzuka ndi kuyamba kwa masika ndi chomwe chitha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Kodi mbawala zimakhala kuti, zimadya chiyani ndipo tizilombo timawoneka bwanji?

Bumblebee - kufotokozera, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe. Kodi bumblebee amawoneka bwanji?

Bumblebee ndi wamkulu kwambiri komanso wowala tizilombo, ndipo chosangalatsa, bumblebee wamkazi ndi wamkulu kuposa wamphongo (yemwe, mwadzidzidzi, sasowa kwambiri padziko lapansi la tizilombo). Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa bumblebe wamkazi kumachokera pa 13 mpaka 28 mm, ndipo wamphongo kuyambira 7 mpaka 24 mm. Koma mitundu ina ya bumblebees, monga steppe bumblebee, imatha kukula kukula, mpaka 35 mm kutalika. Kulemera kwa bumblebee, ngati ndi chiberekero, kumatha kufika pa 0,85 g, koma anthu ogwira ntchito adzakhala opepuka - kuyambira 0,04 mpaka 0,6 g.

Zowoneka zosangalatsa - ngakhale zili ndi kulemera kocheperako, ma bumblebe ndi tizilombo amphamvu kwambiri ndipo amatha kunyamula katundu wofanana ndi kulemera kwawo.

Thupi la wopanga ng'ombe ndilabwino komanso lolemetsa, monga mankhwala ndi tizilombo. Mapiko a Bumblebee ndi ochepa, owoneka bwino ndipo ali ndi mbali ziwiri zoyendayenda molumikizana. Kuthamanga kwa mapiko a bumblebee ndikuwombera 400 pamphindikati. Ndipo kuthamanga kwa bumblebee kumatha kukhala mpaka mamita 3-4 pamphindi.

Mutu wa bumblebee mwa mkazi ndi wokulirapo, pomwe wamphongo umakhala wozungulira, wokhala ndi mzere wooneka pamutu pa mutu ndi kutsogolo.

Komanso, mbewa zokhala ndi mbewa zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuti aziluma ulusi wazomera, komanso kupangira uchi. Amatumikiranso monga bumblebee kuti atiteteze.

Maso a bumblebee amapezeka pamzere wolunjika, samakutidwa ndi villi. Zinyanga zazimuna zazitali ndizazitali kuposa zazikazi.

Chofunikira kwambiri pa bumblebees ndi phenoscis yapadera yomwe imawathandiza kuti atenge timadzi tokoma. Kutalika kwa proboscis kutengera mtundu wa bumblebee ndipo zimasiyana kuchokera pa 7 mpaka 19 mm.

Komanso m'mimba mwa mabumbamu mumakhala mbola, koma mwa akazi okha, abambo alibe mbola, ndipo m'malo mwa mbola mumakhala ziwalo zakuda zakuda. Mbola ya bumblebee ndi yosalala, yopanda nsonga komanso yosaoneka m'malo abata. Ndiye ndikuluma, njuchi yaikazi imabweza mbola ndipo imatha kuziluma mobwerezabwereza ngati mavu ndi ma horne, komanso mosiyana ndi njuchi zomwe zimafa zikuluma.

Komanso, mbewa zazing'ono zimakhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi, pomwe yaikazi yakunja yakumbuyo kwa tibia imakhala ndi "basiketi" yapadera yopangira mungu.

Mtundu wa Bumblebee nthawi zambiri umakhala wamtambo, wakuda-wachikaso ndi mitundu yoyera, lalanje komanso mitundu yofiyira. Nthawi zina pamakhala ma bumblebe akuda kwathunthu. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti kupangika kwa bumblebee sikunapangidwe, koma kumalumikizidwa ndikuwonetsetsa komanso kufalikira kwa thupi la kachiromboka.

Kodi ma bumblebe amakhala kuti?

Ziphuphu zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, m'ma kontinenti onse, kupatula ku Antarctica ozizira. Ndizachilengedwe makamaka pakupezeka kotentha, koma pali mitundu ina ya bumblebe yomwe imakhala kunja kwa Arctic Circle, mu tundra. Mlendo wolowera nthawi zambiri amakhala malo obisika m'mapiri, koma pafupi ndi equator, m'malo otentha, mulibe maumboni ambiri, mwachitsanzo, m'nkhalango za Amazon pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya mabubu. Komanso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, mitundu ina ya masamba ochokera ku Europe idapita ku Australia ndi New Zealand, komwe ikukhalabe lero.

Mwambiri, abubu ndi oimira ovuta kwambiri a banja la njuchi. Ngakhale kuti sakonda madera otentha kwambiri, zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe awo, zoona zake ndi zoti kutentha kwa thupi la bumblebee kumatha kufika mpaka 40 digiri Celsius, kupitilira kutentha kwa madigiri 20-30. Kukula kotereku kumalumikizidwa ndi kupendekeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa minofu ya chifuwa cha bumblebee, kutsitsa komweku ndikomwe kumayambitsa buzz.

Bumblebee zisa pamwamba pa nthaka

Mitundu ina ya njuchi amakonda kukonza zisa zawo pamwamba pa dziko lapansi: m'maenje a mitengo, m'nyumba za mbalame.

Kapangidwe ka zisa za pansi panthaka ndi nthaka zimatha kukhala zosiyana ndipo zimatengera mzere womwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndi ma bumblebees. Ming'oma imatulutsidwa ndi udzu wouma, mbewa yolimba, yolimbikitsidwa ndi sera yomwe imasungidwa ndi bumblebees mothandizidwa ndi tiziwalo tating'ono ta m'mimba. Kuchokera pa sera uyu, ma bumblebe amapanga ndulu ya sera yomwe imalepheretsa kulowetsa chinyezi, imabisanso khomo lolowera chisa kuti iteteze osazungulira.

Moyo wama bulube mwachilengedwe

Ng'ombe, monga zolengedwa zina za banja la njuchi, ndizolengedwa ndipo zimakhala m'mabanja okhala:

• mfumukazi zazikulu.
• zing'ono zing'ono zazikazi zogwira ntchito.
• zolankhula zazimuna.

Chiberekero ndi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kubereka kubereka, ngakhale kulibe, akazi ogwirira ntchito amathanso kuyikira mazira. Banja la bumblebee silingafanane ndi banja la njuchi, koma limakhalabe 100-200, ndipo nthawi zina anthu 500 onse. Nthawi ya moyo wabanja la banja lodziwika bwino limakhala kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pambuyo pake banjali limasokonekera, gawo lina la akazi limapita nthawi yachisanu kuti liyambe kuyambitsa moyo watsopano kumapeto kwa nyengo.

M'banja la bumblebee, aliyense ali ndi ntchito yakeyake: wogwira ntchito popeza chakudya amapeza chakudya, kudyetsa mphutsi, kusamalira komanso kuteteza chisa. Nthawi yomweyo, palinso magawano pakati pa anthu ogwira ntchito, popeza nthumwi zazikulu zimawulukira chakudya, pomwe zing'onozing'ono zimadyetsa mphutsi.

Ntchito ya amuna ndi yosavuta komanso yomveka - umuna wa akazi. Chiberekero cha bumblebee, ndiye woyamba wamkazi wabanja, amaikira mazira, kudyetsa mphutsi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasamalira ana.

Kodi njuchi zimaswana bwanji?

Kuswana kwa Bumblebee kuli magawo anayi:

• Dzira.
• Larva.
• Dolly.
• Imago (ndi wamkulu).

Ndi chiyambi cha masika, chiberekero chimasindikizidwa ndikumeza muthaka chimatuluka m'chipinda chake ndipo mkati mwa masabata angapo chikukonzekera bwino chisa. Tapeza malo oyenera chisa, chiberekero chimayamba kumanga. Mu chisa chomwe changomangidwa kumene, chiberekero chimayika mazira 8-16 okhala ndi mawonekedwe.

Pambuyo pa masiku 3-6, mphutsi za bumblebee zimatuluka, zimakula mwachangu, ndikudya chakudya chomwe chimabwera ndi mkazi.

Pambuyo pa masiku 10 mpaka 19, mphutsi za bumblebee zimayamba kuluka coco ndikusewera. Pakatha masiku ena 10-18, ana am'mimbamo amayamba kutuluka ku cocoon, ndikukukutula. Mwa njira, pambuyo pake ma cocoon opanda kanthu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusunga uchi kapena mungu. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa ana oyamba, patatha masiku 20-30 kuchokera pomwe anaikira mazira, chiberekero sichimatuluka mu chisa. Ntchito zopanga chakudya zimatengedwa ndi ana ake oyamba - ogwira ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito zina zonse zofunika.

Za abambo obadwa, patatha masiku 3-5 atapangidwa munthu wamkulu, amasiya zisa zawo kuti azisaka zisa zina ndi mfumukazi zina zomwe angadzakwatirane nazo nyengo yakukhwima kumapeto.

Kodi bumblebee amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Moyo wa bumblebee ndi waufupi ndipo zimatengera malo omwe munthu amakhala bumblebee, komwe wopanga bumblebee amakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Ophulika, amphongo amakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ndipo amafa atangokwatirana, wopeza wamkazi amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kuposa wina aliyense, zazikazi zobadwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira, ndipo iwo obadwa nthawi yophukira amatha kukhala chaka chathunthu - kufikira kugwa kwotsatira.

Dongosolo bumblebee

Ali Bombus pratorum ku Latin, amakhala pafupifupi ku Europe, komanso ku Asia (ku Kazakhstan, gawo la Asia ku Russian Federation, ku taiga, Urals, ndi Siberia). Ili ndi miyeso yaying'ono: zazikazi zimafika kutalika kwa 15 mm, anthu ogwira ntchito 9-14 mm. Mutu wake ndi wakuda, ndipo kumbuyo kwake ndi kolala yachikasu yowala. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ndimabuluwa amtunduwu omwe amayamba kuwuluka kasupe kuyambira nthawi yachisanu. Chala padziko lapansi kapena tchire.

Mzinda wa Bumblebee

Bumblebeeyu amakhala ku Eurasia konsekonse, kuchokera ku Ireland kumadzulo kupita ku Sakhalin ku East. Oyimira ochepa kwambiri, kutalika kwa chikazi ndi 10-22 mm, ogwira ntchito - 9-15 mm. Imakhala ndi bere lofiira, ndipo pamimba pali chida chakuda ndi nsonga yoyera.

Bumblebee steppe

Ndioyimira wamkulu kwambiri wabanja la bumblebee, kutalika kwa thupi la akazi kufika 32-35 mm. Pafupifupi masaya a mraba. Mtundu wa steppe bumblebee ndi wotuwa wonyezimira ndimtambo wakuda pakati pa mapiko. Bumblebeeyu amakhala ku Eastern Europe, kuphatikiza Ukraine, Asia Minor, Northern Iran, ndi Transcaucasia. Imakonda nsapato za steppe bumblebee kumapeto, kumapeto kwa mapiri ndi kumapiri kwa mapiri. Zingwe zimakonzedwa mumakungwa a makoswe pansi. Zalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine.

Pansi pa bumblebee

Bumblebee uyu ali ndi mtundu wa eloscos wamtali, komanso thupi lalitali komanso chikondi cha kutentha. Kugawidwa ku Eurasia, kuchokera ku UK kupita ku Urals. Mtundu wachikasu wa bumblebeeyu ndiwosachedwa kuposa wa mabumboni ena. Ili ndi kukula kwakekati: Akazi amafikira 19-22 mm, ogwira ntchito 11-18 mm. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti bumblebee mobisa anali amodzi mwa mitundu inayi ya njuchi zomwe zinaitanitsidwa kuchokera ku England kupita ku New Zealand ndi cholinga choti ziwonongeke kwa chovalacho. Zisa, monga dzina lake zikutanthauza, zimakonzedwa mobisa.

Moss Bumblebee

Amakhala osiyanasiyana: Eurasia, pafupifupi kulikonse kupatula zigawo za polar. Makulidwe amafikira 18-22 mm, ogwira ntchito 10-15 mm. Imakhala ndi utoto wowala wachikaso ndi lalanje kumbuyo. Amanga mapepala amtundu wapansi.

Earth Bumblebee

Bumblebee uyu amasiyanitsidwa ndi msana wokhala ndi gulu lakuda bii komanso pamwamba chakuda pachifuwa. Akazi amafikira 19-23 mm kutalika, ogwira ntchito 11-17 mm. Amakhala ku Europe, kutsogolo Asia ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Chochititsa chidwi, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, njira idapangidwa yopanga mafakitale amtunduwu wa bumblebee. Chowonadi ndi chakuti bumblebee woumbayo amabweretsa zabwino zambiri, kuthandiza kupukutika kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo tomato, biringanya, nkhaka, tsabola ndi sitiroberi).

ChiArmanian bumblebee

Woimira osowa wa ufumu wa bumblebee, m'maiko ambiri, kuphatikizanso ku Ukraine, adalembedwa mu Red Book. Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Europe ndi Asia Minor. Kutalika kwa thupi la bumblebee ndi 21-32 mm. Ili ndi mapiko a bulauni komanso masaya otambalala.

Bumblebee

Woyimira pang'ono wa ufumu wa bumblebee, wokhala ndi mtundu wowuma pang'ono kuposa ma bumblebe ena. Amakonda kufunda, amakhala kudera lakutchire. Imamanga zisa padziko lapansi kuchokera ku udzu ndi mbewa, komabe, nthawi zina imagwiritsa ntchito mabowo a nthyole yotentha ndi dzuwa ngati zisa.

Munda bumblebee

Komanso malo obisika pansi panthawiyi, a Britain adachidziwitsira ku New Zealand, komwe akukhalabe mpaka pano. Kupatula izi, mutha kukumana ndi masamba osiyanapo ndi mitundu ingapo kuchokera ku England kupita ku Siberia. Chiberekero ndi 18-24 mm kutalika, anthu ogwira ntchito 11-16 mm. Chifuwa cha bumblebee uyu ndi wachikaso ndi chingwe chakuda pakati pamapiko. Iyenso ndi mwini buluzi wautali kwambiri komanso zisa pansi pamaboti akale osiyidwa ndi makoswe.

Kuluma kwa Bumblebee ndi zotsatira zake

Mwambiri, bumblebee ndi tizilombo tosangalatsa pamtendere, iyemwini samamenya nkhondo, ndipo amangoluma yekha podziteteza. Ngakhale zili choncho, kuluma kwa bumblebe ndi kofooka komanso kopanda vuto, izi si nkhokwe kwa inu. Kuluma m'thupi sikungokhala, khungubwe limabweza lokha, koma poyizoni yemwe amatulutsa pakuluma kumatha kubweretsa zosasangalatsa: kuyabwa, kupweteka, kufupika, kutupa, nthawi yayitali, amatha masiku angapo. Koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa kwa anthu ambiri athanzi, poyizoni wa bumblebee siowopsa.

Zoyenera kuchita kunyumba ngati bumblebee pang'ono

Zachidziwikire, chinthu chabwino ndikungopewa kuluma, chifukwa zonse zomwe muyenera kuchita sikoyesa kutenga bumblebee m'manja mwanu, koma muziwonetsetsa mwachilengedwe kuti musakhale pamtunda pompopompo ndi "malo anu ofewa". Koma ngati kuluma kwangozi kudachitika, ndiye kuti chithandizo choyamba chizikhala motere:

• Malo olumidwawo amayenera kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi antiseptic, mowa kapena madzi ndi sopo.
• Ikani compress yozizira pamalo owuma.
• Osamamwa mowa nthawi zonse kuluma.
• Kulimitsa, ngati kulipo, kumatha kuchotsedwa ndi antihistamine: suprastin, claritin, zirtek, etc.

Adani a Bumblebees

Adani akuluakulu a bumblebees ndi nyerere, kuba uchi kuchokera kwa wamkazi, kuba mazira ndi mphutsi za bumblebee. Kuti azidziteteza ku nyerere, mbewa zimamanga zisa zawo pansi, kutali ndi anthill.

Mdani wina wa bumblebees ndi mavu ndi ntchentche za canopid, zomwe zimabanso uchi wa bumblebee ndikudya ana. Mbalame zina, monga zodya njuchi zagolidi, zimadya njuchi, kuzikhomera.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za bumblebees

• Kulima kwa Bumblebee ndi gawo lofunika laulimi, kuswana kwa ma bumblebee kumachitidwa mwachangu kuwonjezera zokolola.
• M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti malinga ndi malamulo a aerodynamics, bumblebee sangathe kuwuluka, ndipo ndege zake, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikutsutsana ndi malamulo a sayansi, zimadabwitsa asayansi. Komabe, wina wa a Zheng Jane Wang, dokotala wa sayansi ku yunivesite ya Cornell ku United States, adatha kufotokoza momwe amapangira ma bumblebe onena za mfundo za aerodynamics.
• M'mawa, munthu wodabwitsika amawoneka m'ng'anjo yam'madzi, yomwe imadziwika kuti lipenga la buluzi, ndikulira kwambiri. Poyamba anthu amakhulupirira kuti mwanjira imeneyi amadzutsa abale ake kuti agwire ntchito. Koma pambuyo pake zidapezeka kuti m'njira zosavuta motere (mothandizidwa ndi minofu ya pectoral) bumblebee amangotha ​​m'mawa kwambiri, nthawi yozizira kwambiri.

Kufotokozera kwa Bumblebee

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi a oimira arthropods, mbalame zokhala ndi mapiko, banja la njuchi zenizeni. Ali munjira zambiri pafupi kwambiri ndi njuchi. Mokwanira, pali mitundu pafupifupi 300 ya mabubu padziko lapansi.

Zoposa mitundu 80 zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula Australia. Tizilombo tadziwika kuti tili ndi dzina chifukwa cha phokoso lomwe limachitika mu ndegeyo.

Thupi la kachilombo kameneka ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa njuchi. Kukula kwa thupi kufikira 2,5 cm, ndipo pali zitsanzo komanso zazikuluzikulu kutengera mitundu. Thupi la tizilombo timakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi msana wakuda ndi mikwingwirima yomwe imabwera mumitundu iwiri:

Komanso mitundu yachilendo yamitundu yosowa imapezeka - wakuda weniweni. Thupi lakhungu la kachiromboka limakhala ndi mbola yakuda kumapeto kwake yosalala komanso yopanda mawonekedwe. Thupi la njuchi limakhala ndi mapiko awiri owonekera. Maso a tizilombo timakhala pafupifupi pamzere wowongoka. Hind tibia yokhala ndi ma spurs.

Amuna ali ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, ndipo ndi okulirapo kuposa ogwira ntchito. Amuna amapatsidwa mphatso kuphatikiza nthata, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pakusiyanitsa mitundu. Tizilomboti tili ndi nsagwada zamphamvu zomwe zimatha kukucha chakudya chomera. Amapangidwira ntchito yopanga uchi. Kuti ateteze, tizilombo timaluma.

Chachikulu kuposa chiberekero chachimuna, mbolaopatsidwa akazi. Azimayi amakhala ndi zida zokomera mtanga ndi burashi. Palinso chiberekero chaching'ono, chomwe chimatengedwa pakati pa chiberekero ndi ogwira ntchito.

Habitat

Kodi mbawala zimakhala kuti? Funso ili silovuta kuyankha, chifukwa amakhala kulikonse. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timatha kusunga kutentha.

Kwa iwo ozizira. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azikhala ngakhale kumadera akumpoto, kuphatikizapo kumpoto chakumadzulo.

Tizilombo titha kulowa malo ngati awa:

Komabe, izi sizimalola kuti akhale m'malo otentha. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha aku Brazil. Tizilombo timamva bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana - nkhalango, minda, mapiri. Malo omwe mabumblebe amakhala Asia. Kumeneko amakhala m'malo ambiri. Anabwera ku Australia patapita nthawi ndipo amakhala m'dziko limodzi lokha.

Moyo

Amamanga zisa zawo pazinyalala, pansi, m'maenje a mitengo, zisa za mbalame, komanso m'miyala ya makoswe ndi nyama zazing'ono. Banja lililonse limakhala ndi anthu 200-300. Zimaphatikizapo chiberekero, kuyikira mazira, kugwira bumblebees, chakudya ndi zomanga zisa.

Ndiponso m'banjamo mumakhala amuna omwe manyowa chiberekero. Nthawi zonse pamakhala lipenga m'banjamo lomwe limadzuka ndi kutuluka m'chisa. Woliza bumblebee amatulutsa nyimbo yapadera motero amadzutsa banja lonse. Ngati banja lilibe chiberekero, ogwira ntchito achikazi amatha kukwaniritsa ntchito yake.

Kuthekera kopulumuka mu nyengo iliyonse yamtambo kumalumikizidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa kwapadera kwa tizilombo. Amatha kukhala mwakachetechete kumayiko ozizira, komabe, sakonda nyengo yotentha. Mabulogu amatha kukhalabe kutentha kwa thupi mpaka 40 ° CZopitilira kutentha kwake.

Chifukwa chake, zimachitika chifukwa chofulumira kupweteka kwa minofu pachifuwa, ndipo popanda mapiko osuntha. Kugundana kotereku kumadzetsa phokoso lalikulu la tizilombo. Mimbulu imayamba kutentha ikayamba kung'ung'udza kapena kulira. Tizilombo titaleka kuyenda, thupi lake limayamba kuzirala.

Zakudya ndi kuswana kwa mabumbwe

Tizilombo timene timadyetsa timadzi tokoma chilichonse. Kudya kumachitika tsiku lonse. Onetsetsani kuti mwapatula nthawi yobweretsera zakudya kwa ozimayi. Ziphuphu sizimakonda mitundu yowala, chifukwa sizikhala pamaluwa okha, komanso pamitengo kuti zimwe madzi.

Pokonzekera timadzi tokoma, timagawa mbewu. Makonda omwe mumakonda ndi ma bumblebees ndi clover. Amakonda kubalirana chifukwa cha njuchi, chifukwa mbewu zake zimanyamulidwa panthawi yomwe amatenga timadzi tokoma.

Kubalana mu mitundu ya tizilombo zimachitika mwa kuyikira mazira. Nkhani yovutayi m'banjamo ndi mfumukazi ya chiberekero. Zimatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira ndipo kumayambiriro kwa kutentha, mkazi wothira ukazi amawuluka akubisala. Zachikazi zimayamba kudyetsa mwachangu, kufunafuna malo abwino oti zithare.

Kupukuta samagundika. Kuchita buluzi kumamanga zisa zisa mu zisa, ndipo zazikazi zimatha kuwapanga ndi sera ndi timadzi tokoma. Pambuyo pake, ma bumblebees anayamba kuyikira mazira. Chiberekero chimayenera kutsatira njira yolembera mphutsi. Banja lonse limapereka chakudya ku chisa. Mphutsi zikafika, zazikazi zimaleka kutengera mphutsizo.

Akazi achichepere amabwera kudzalowa m'malo mwa akazi okalamba, ndipo okalamba pafupifupi onse amafa mwezi umodzi. Pali akazi angapo otsala, kuphatikiza, osanjidwa. Amatha kukhazikika nthawi yozizira kuti apange chisa kachiwiri m'chaka, kuyikira mazira ndikuyamba banja latsopano. Mabumbowa ali ndi magawo anayi a chitukuko - dzira, mphutsi, pupa, imago. Gawo lomaliza ndikusintha kukhala munthu wamkulu.

Pamene mphutsi zikukula, zipupa za khungu pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa ndi kukulitsa kukula kwake. Ogwira ntchito ndi akazi ali pantchito yokonzanso maselo ndi kubwezeretsa dongosolo mu chisa. Maselo osiyidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga chakudya, chifukwa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri poberekera mphutsi.