Ateronotus mpeni wokhala ndi nkhope yoyera kapena wakuda - nsomba izi zaposachedwa kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nsomba zidayambitsidwa ndikuwonekera m'midzi yathu yam'madzi kumayambiriro kwa 80s. Anapambana mitima ya onse akatswiri ndi oyamba, chifukwa cha kukongola komanso mayendedwe ake okoma. Ndipo, zoona, kuthekera kwakuphatikiza ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya nsomba kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yokongola kwambiri kuti isunge malo osungira nyama.

Dzina lachi Latin:Apteronotus albifrons.
Gulu:Ma Gymniformes (Gymnotiformes).
Banja:Afteronotovye (Apteronotidae).
Kutentha kwamadzi:23 - 28 ° C.
"Acidity"pH:6,0 – 7,5°.
"Zovuta"dH: 5 - 15°.
Zovuta:30%.
Mavuto azinthu:Zosavuta.

Kugwirizana: Knife wakuda - Afteronotus, nsomba ya pansi, yamtendere, koma nthawi yomweyo yosangalatsa. Malupanga akuda amaonetsa ndewu yapadera pomenyera gawo, makamaka amuna. Oyandikana nawo ena okhala m'madzimo alibe chidwi. Nsomba ndi mpeni wakuda, womwe umakhala waukulu kukula kwake - mwachilengedwe mpaka 50 cm, komanso mu aquarium mpaka 30-40 cm. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikize mu kope imodzi m'madzi kuchokera ku malita 150. ndi nsomba zilizonse zokonda mtendere kukula kwake kwakatikati ndi kwakukulu. Nsomba zotsogola kwambiri komanso zam'madzi, monga ma barbs, zimatha kusowetsa mpeni manyazi komanso kutsina zipsepse zake zowoneka bwino, monga, mwachitsanzo, neon ndi guppies, apertonotus akhoza kulakwitsa ngati chakudya. Poyerekeza ndi nsomba zina onani nkhani kuyanjana kwa nsomba zam'madzi.

Ndi angati akukhala: Underonotus atakhala bwino pazoyang'anira nyumba, Afteronotus amakhala ndi zaka 12. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa nsomba zina zambiri M'MAGAZINI INO!

Voliyumu yocheperako ya aquarium: kuchokera ku 150l., m'madzimo ngati amenewa mutha kuyika umodzi wamtunduwu. Zinthu zikafika pabwino, Afteronotus amafika pamlingo wabwino, motero ndibwino kugula mwansanga madzi okwanira 200-250 malita. Za kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zingasungidwe mu aquarium ya X lita PANO

Zosamalira ndi zofunika: monga mwamvetsetsa, za zomwe zili Mpeni wakuda mukusowa aquarium wamkulu, wokhala ndi madzi oyera, okhala ndi chivindikiro nthawi zonse, chifukwa nsomba ikhoza kudumpha. Ponena za mitundu ina ya nsomba, amafunika kupanga malo pafupi ndi zachilengedwe.

Pachifukwa ichi, aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi kusefa bwino, makamaka fyuluta ya peat, gawo logwira ntchito komanso madzi amasintha sabata iliyonse mpaka 30-35% ya voliyumu yonse. Komanso malo osungirako malo osiyanasiyana ayenera kuyikidwa mu aquarium - driftwood, grottoes, makamaka kubzala mbewu zomwe zimapangika m'nkhalango zowirira, kuti nsomba imatha kubisala masana, chifukwa imatsogolera nthawi yophunzira usiku. Kuwala kumatha kukhala kowala, kotheka kwa mbewu, ndi kwa nsomba kuwalako kuyenera kukhala kosafooka, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi nsomba, izi zimafunikira malo omwe ali ndi mthunzi wabwino momwe Athertonotuses amatha kubisala pakuwala kowala masana.

Chithunzi chabwino nsomba yakuda mpeni

Kudyetsa ndi kudya: Ateronotus yoyera-yoyera imakhala yopanda kanthu ndipo, mwachilengedwe, imadyetsa makamaka mphutsi zamtundu ndi nsomba zina. Kunyumba, mwachizolowezi, palibe chosintha, amadya zonse zomwe zili ndi moyo ndi zokuzira - ma magazi, tinthu tambiri, osakana kudya nsombazi zokhala ndi squid ndi squid, ndipo sichingasowe mphindi yakudya ndi nsomba mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, samalani mukamaweta ziweto zanu zina za m'madzi, musasiye mwachangu m'mbali zonse za m'mizinda, chifukwa akapanda kutero azidzadya. Ndizosowa kwambiri kudya chakudya chouma ndi choloweza. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa mipeni yakuda musanayatse magetsi a aquarium, kapena mutangozimitsa kamodzi patsiku. Kudyetsa nsomba kwambiri kuopsa chifukwa cha matumbo a nsomba. Kulepheretsa kwamatumbo kumatha kupangitsa kuti afe, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti musamamwe mopambanitsa kuposa kumwa mopitirira muyeso, ndipo mu aquarium yanu, mulimonsemo, ikapeza chakudya. Mukafuna chakudya, Afteronotus amayang'ana kwambiri zakusintha pamagetsi a electromagnetic okhazikitsidwa ndi ma receptors apadera omwe amakhala m'litali lathunthu la thupi.

Kudyetsa nsomba za ku aquarium ziyenera kukhala zolondola: zoyenera, zosiyanasiyana. Lamulo lofunikira ili ndiro chinsinsi chakusamalira bwino kwa nsomba iliyonse, kaya ikhale guppies kapena astronotuses. Nkhani "Zambiri komanso zochuluka bwanji zodyetsa nsomba za ku aquarium" imakamba izi mwatsatanetsatane, imafotokoza mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya komanso kayendedwe ka nsomba.

Munkhaniyi, tawona chinthu chofunikira kwambiri - kudyetsa nsomba sikuyenera kukhala koopsa, chakudya chouma komanso chamoyo sichiyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuganizira za zokonda za nsomba zomwe, ndipo, kutengera izi, zikuphatikiza muzakudya zake zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni ambiri kapena mosiyanasiyana ndi zosakaniza zamasamba.

Zakudya zodziwika ndi nsomba zotchuka, zachidziwikire, ndizakudya zowuma. Mwachitsanzo, ora lililonse ndi kulikonse komwe mungapeze masamba azakudya zamakampani a Tetra - mtsogoleri wa msika waku Russia, kwenikweni, kudalirika kwamadyeredwe a kampaniyi ndizodabwitsa. "Zida za Tetra" za Tetra zimaphatikizapo chakudya cha mtundu wina wa nsomba: golide, ma cichlids, loricaria, guppies, labyrinths, arovans, discus, ndi zina zambiri. Tetra adapanganso zakudya zapadera, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera utoto, wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kapena kudyetsa mwachangu. Zambiri pazakudya zonse za Tetra, mutha kupeza patsamba lovomerezeka la kampaniyo - apa.

Dziwani kuti pogula zakudya zouma zilizonse, muyenera kuyang'anira tsiku lomwe zimapangidwa ndi moyo wa alumali, musayese kugula chakudya mwakulemera, komanso sungani chakudya m'malo otsekedwa - izi zingathandize kupewa kukula kwa zomera zam'mera mwake.

Mu chilengedwe khalani: Malupanga akuda amachokera ku South America, amakhala m'madziwe oyenda pang'onopang'ono, matope, opezeka kumtunda ndi pakati pa chigwa cha Amazon - Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia ndi Paraguay, Mtsinje wa Parana. Kukula kwa nsomba kumafika mpaka 50 cm.

Kusamba ndi chikhalidwe cha nsomba zakuda mpeni: Ateronotus wokhala ndi maso oyera - nsombazo ndizovuta kutulutsa. Ana oyamba adapezeka ku Leningrad mu 1990. Imafika pa msinkhu wazaka 1-1.5. Makhalidwe ogonana amakhala kuti sanatsimikizidwe, chachikazi chimakhala chocheperako ndi pamimba kuzungulira, mwa amuna kupezeka kwa chulu chamafuta pamutu. Kukuluka ndikuthamanga ndi amuna ambiri, chifukwa amatenga madzi am'madzi okwanira malita 100. Mfuti kapena ulusi wopanga ndiwofunika ngati gawo lapansi. Kutumphuka kumakhudzidwa ndikuchepetsa madzi, kutsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa madzi osungunuka, kuyerekezera nthawi yamvula, kutentha kwamadzi ndi 25-26 ° C, kuyatsa sikuli bwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa zopopera zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale madzi ambiri, kutuluka kumachitika nthawi zambiri m'bandakucha. Madzi omwe ali mu chofungatira ayenera kukhala odzaza ndi mpweya. Yaikazi imameza pafupifupi 500 chikasu chachikulu, m'malo momata mazira. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, opanga amalimbikitsidwa kubzala, apo ayi mazira adzadyedwa, nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha mpaka maola 96. Fry amawoneka omwe amatha kusambira ndi kudya zooplankton. Ndikusamalira bwino komanso kudyetsa, ana aang ono amakula msanga ndipo pofika mwezi umodzi amafika masentimita 5 ndikuyamba kupanga mtundu ndi nsomba zazikulu.

5. Nsomba zodziwika: Zodya usiku

Nsomba ya Knife kapena mpeni wakuda ndioyimira madzi amtsinje wa Amazon kuchokera ku banja la nsomba zamagetsi. Mpeni wakuda umatsogolera moyo wamadzulo, kumakhala tsiku lonse kubisala masana.

Ili ndi nsomba yosavuta kuyendetsa, ndipo thupi limakhala lolunjika poyenda, lokhalo lokha lomwe limakhazikika pamimba. Amatha kusunthira patsogolo osati kokha, komanso kumbuyo ndi kugona kumbuyo kwake. Mpeni wa nsomba umakhala ndi chinthu chamagetsi, chomwe chimagwira gawo lalikulu pakusaka chakudya. Ma receptor yamagetsi amatenga kayendedwe kakang'ono kwambiri. Mpeni wakuda amaonedwa kuti ndi waluso pakati pa olusa. Amatha kuzindikira bambowo ndikusambira kwa iye kuti adye.

Nsomba za Knife sizitha kulekerera mayendedwe ndikuzolowera nyengo zatsopano, chifukwa chake ndizoyenera kwa akatswiri odziwa nyanja.

4. Njoka

Wotsogola weniweni, m'chilengedwe chonse komanso m'ndende. Munthawi yachilengedwe, njoka imadya nsomba zonse zomwe zimatha kugwira. Ali ndi kuthekera kwapadera kupumira mpweya wamlengalenga.

Mutu wa nsombayo amaphimbidwa ndi mamba okhala ngati njoka, thupi limakhala lalitali. Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe iyi, adatchedwa mutu wamanjoka.

3. Tetraodon

Woimira banja la ana anayiwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi maso akulu ndi thupi lopanga dzira. Tetraodon ilibe zipsepse pamimba, ndipo sikelo iliyonse imakhala ndi chiphuphu chofiyira kumutu.

Chinyama cholusa cham'madzi choterechi ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri womwe umatha kuteteza komanso kuchita mantha. Tetraodon wokhala ndi mafupa akuthwa komanso olimba pamkono wamkamwa amatha kuphwanya zipolopolo za oysters ndi mapira, chomwe ndiye chakudya chake chachikulu. Ndipo zipsepse zamphamvu za pectoral zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza mwachangu wovutikayo. Tetraodon ili ndi njira zodzitetezera zamphamvu kwambiri:

• Amatha kutupa ngati mpira
• Mamba onyansa pamiyeso kuti papite ngozi,
• minofu ndi gonads zili ndi poyizoni wamphamvu kwambiri, yemwe amachititsa kuti mdani wake azifuna kudya.

Ndikwabwino kuti tisasunge ma tetraodon ndi nsomba zina mu aquarium. Zoyang'anira ku aquarium zimatha kukhala zankhanza ngakhale ndi abale awo.

2. Clarium catfish

Clarias (wotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini kuti "kunyezimira") ali ndi thupi longa ziphuphu ngati lalitali lomwe limatuluka mwachangu kuchokera kumutu. Catfish imakhala ndi cholembera cham'mwamba, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopanda madzi komanso kupuma mpweya wamlengalenga.

Chifukwa cha voracity komanso aukali a Clarias, amasungidwa mu aquarium yamtundu. Izi ndi nsomba zamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosasuntha pansi. Sichifuna kuti akhale mndende mwapadera, pafupifupi malo aliwonse ali oyenera.

Clarias amakhala moyo wachisangalalo nthawi zambiri. Mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kupereka dothi lokwanira momwe iye amakonda kukaikirako. Pazifukwa zomwezi, zomerazo ziyenera kukhala ndi mizu yolimba ndi masamba amphamvu.

Clarias amatanthauza a zaka zana. Mphaka zazikazi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 25.

1. Piranha

Piranhas ndi nsomba zowopsa, makamaka chifukwa cha makanema aku Hollywood. Kutchuka kwawo pakati pa asodzi am'madzi kukukula chaka ndi chaka. Piranha amakhala ndi nsagwada za nkhono zake, zomwe zimang'amba zidutswa za thupi mosavuta ndipo zimatha kuluma mafupa mpaka masentimita awiri. M'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, amatha kutalika kosaposa 30 cm, pomwe mwachilengedwe amatha kupitirira 80 cm.

Piranhas amakonda kudya kwambiri, ngakhale amadya kwambiri. Achifwamba amalupanga, agalu ngati chakudya chamoyo, amaloledwa kulowa nawo m'madzi momwemo. Ngati ali ndi njala, amakhala ankhanza kwambiri ndipo amatha kuponyera ngakhale m'manja mwa munthu.

Kusunga zilombo zolusa m'madzi ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yodula, koma yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa.

Nanu mudatulutsa magazini "M'dziko la nsomba."

Chepetsa ndikulembetsa—zikomo kwambiri wolemba.

Gawani malingaliro anu mu ndemanga, timawerenga nthawi zonse.

KUKHALA NDI MOYO

Msodzi wakuda mpeni adayamba kufotokozedwa ndi Karl Line mu 1766. Amakhala ku South America, ku Amazon ndi m'milandu yake. White-apertonotus amatchedwanso mpeni wakuda, ndipo mu Chingerezi Black Ghost Knifefish ndi nsomba yakuda ya mzukwa.

Mwachilengedwe, limakhala m'malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe wofatsa komanso pansi pamchenga, kusamukira munkhokwe zamadzi m'nthawi yamvula. Monga nsomba zambiri zamtundu wake, amakonda malo odzala ndi malo okhala. Ku Amazon, malo omwe ma aptronotus amakhala osawoneka bwino ndipo samawoneka bwino kwambiri. Kuti alipire kufooka kwa masomphenya, laimu yoyera imapanga gawo lamagetsi losazungulira, mothandizidwa ndi momwe limasunthira mayendedwe ndi zinthu. Mundawo umathandizira kusaka ndikuyenda, koma kuwonjezera apo, mothandizidwa ndi magetsi, apertonotus imalumikizana ndi mtundu wake. Malupanga akuda ndi nyama zomwe zimadyera usiku zomwe zimadyera mitsinje tizilombo, mphutsi, mphutsi, ndi nsomba zazing'ono.

Kodi nsomba za mpeni zimasamba bwanji?

Kucha kwa Atheronotus kumachitika wazaka chimodzi ndi theka. Izi nsomba zimasokoneza mtundu wa kubereka, momwe mkazi ndi amuna awiri amatenga nawo mbali. Kutulutsa kumachitika m'mawa pansi pa mtsinje wamadzi. Zotsatira zake, njirayi imayikira mazira achikasu osachepera 500, kenako imathamangitsa anyamatawo. Mphutsi zimayamba kuonekera patatha masiku angapo, ndipo patatha masiku 5-6, nsomba zazing'ono zimatha kusambira payekha komanso kudya nyama ya plankton.

Ndani amatha kusungidwa mu aquarium yomweyo

Mpeni wa nsomba umadziwika ndi mtendere wambiri, umakhala wopanda chidwi kwenikweni ndi anthu okhala m'madzi. Samadya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga momwe ma zakuthambo amachitira, mwachitsanzo, samawononga zokolola ngati mitembo yokongoletsera. Ndizoyenera kukhala ndi kampani yokhala ndi nsomba zazikulu zam'madzi zomwe zimangodya zakudya zam'mera ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kapena nsomba zam'nyanja. Chonde dziwani kuti anthu ochepa okhala m'madzimo, omwe akhoza kulakwitsa kuti adye, amatha kufa akasungidwa "dziwe" lomwelo ndi mipeni ya nsomba. Choyamba, timadzi tating'ono, tating'onoting'ono, komanso malupanga timavutika. Akakula, amakhala "abwenzi", chinthu chachikulu sikuti kukoletsa "malupanga".

Angelo am'madzi, ma discus, ma clown ndi nsomba zina zofananira zimakhala zabwino kukhala "mipeni". Pakugawa kachulukidwe ka toyesa m'madzi momwe mungathere, ndibwino kulowetsa nsomba zomwe zimakhala mumtsinje wa madzi kwa iwo, ndikuyika mapaipi angapo apulasitiki osula. Amakwawa ndikukhala momasuka.

Omwe aliwonse ovuta

Kuphatikiza kwa mpeni wa nsomba ndi zakuthambo kuli pafupifupi zero. Zipsepse zawo zazitali komanso zosalimba zimangokwiyitsa azungu omwe amawadulira nthawi zonse. Sadzadyanso nsombazo, koma zimatha kuwononga kwambiri maonekedwe - zipsepazo zimapindika nthawi zonse. Izi zikuyenera kuwonjezera barbs, zomwe zimakondanso kutsina zipsepse.

Ngati muli ndi mipeni ingapo yakuda mu aquarium, ndiye muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi malo awo ogona pakona yakuseri kwa aquarium. Amatha kulowa nawo nawo gawo lomenyera gawo. Pogona pawiri pazinthu ziwiri zimayambitsa zolimba, chifukwa chomwe nsomba imakhala ndi nkhawa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa nsomba imodzi yokha pa aquarium kapena osachepera 150 malita amadzi. Ndiko kuti, mu aquarium ya malita 450 osaposa "mipeni" itatu.

Kodi kudyetsa nsomba?

Nthawi zambiri nsomba zazikazi zimathamangitsa nsomba zazing'ono, crustaceans, tadpoles ndi mphutsi, koma koposa zonse amakonda chakudya chamoyo. Kuti akondweretse ziweto zawo, eniake nthawi zambiri amapeza mwachangu, tizilombo, squid, ndi mphutsi. Itha kuthandizidwanso ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka nyama, koma sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chakudya chopangidwa. Ndikofunika kudyetsa nsomba izi madzulo, isanayambe nthawi yawo yogwira ntchito.

Khazikikani mu malo osambira wamba

Black ateronotus imakwiyira anthu amtundu wake komanso achibale ake apabanja la Apteronotidae. Ngakhale ndi wamanyazi, amatha kumeza nsomba zazing'ono, monga guppies, neon. Mikwingwirima imawabweretsa mavuto, ndikubowola zipsepse zokongola. Ma aperonotus oyera okhala ndi zoyera azidya ma bollusks onse ndi ma invertebrates okhala ku nazale. Kugwirizana ndizotheka ndi oyimira amitundu yawo, koma nthawi zina amapeza chibwenzicho ngati malo am'madzi ndi ochepa ndipo kulibe malo pobisalira. Kugwirizana ndikothekanso ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono zomwe sizidzadziwika ngati chakudya.

Makhalidwe akunja

Nsombazo zimatha kukula mpaka 50cm m'madzi. Aftertonotus ili ndi gulu lolinganiza ndege, lalitali.Kumbuyo kuli ndalama yosasintha yopanda tanthauzo, yomwe mbali yakumunsi imalumikizana ndi caudal ndi anal fin. Izi zimapanga dongosolo lotchedwa "radar", lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nsombayi ngati magetsi otsika mphamvu popangira mosungira. Kupanga konseku kumakupatsaninso mwayi kuti musunthi ndikubwerera mu aquarium.

Mpeni wa nsomba poyamba umatha kukhala wamanyazi, wovuta. Koma ikangolowa pansi, imalowa mdziko lapansi kuti ipeze chakudya. Ena amatenga chakudya kuchokera m'manja mwa munthu ngati amachizolowera. Protein ateronotus ndi nsomba zam'madzi zamtendere zomwe sizisokoneza anzawo. Komabe, imakhudzidwa ndi magawo amadzi. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, ndibwino kukhazikitsa mu thanki yayalkulu yokhala ndi malita a 350-400. Chiyembekezo chokhala mu ukapolo ndi zaka 15.

Amakulitsa mpeni wa nsomba

Zikuwoneka kuti kusowa kwa dorsal fin kumakhudza kusuntha kwa apertonotus, koma izi siziri choncho. Nsomba zimatha kusuntha

• mmwamba ndi pansi
• kutsogolo
• kubwerera kutsogolo
• potembenukira mozondoka
• khalani pamalo amodzi.

Ndipo amangochita mayendedwe opusitsawa chifukwa cha ndalama zochepa, bola atakhala ndi thupi losasunthika!

Kufotokozera kwakunja

Mpeni wakuda umapakidwa utoto wabwino wakuda ndi kupukutira koyera kwa mchira ndi malo oyera ochepa pankhope. Maonekedwe a thupi ali ofanana ndi lanceolate, ophatikizika ndi zipsepse. Nsombayi ilibe dorsal fin, koma anal fin imadutsa mbali yotsika ya thupi ndikudutsa mosamalitsa. Kapangidwe kazachilendo ka thupi kamatsimikizidwanso ndi komwe kumatseguka maliseche, omwe amakhala pafupi pakamwa. Wamphongo amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi wamkazi ndi wen yozungulira kumbuyo kwa mutu, m'mimba lathyathyathya komanso kukula kwake kwakukulu. Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimatha kukula mpaka mita 1 ndikukhala ndi kulemera kwa 10 makilogalamu, koma pansi pamadzi a saiziyo kukula kwake sikupitirira 30 cm.

Nsomba yakuda ya Aquarium imatsogolera moyo wausiku ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi zachilendo zopanga mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yofikira 7 cm. Kupezeka kwa zolandilira zamagetsi zapadera kumalola mipeni kupeza zazing'ono kwambiri m'derali. Ngakhale kuti thupi lake ndi losasunthika, mpeni wa nsomba umatha kukhala wamphamvu kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, molunjika kapena pogona kumbuyo kwake.

Mpeni wa ku India wopaka utoto wakuda, uli ndi thupi lokwera komanso chimbudzi kumbuyo. M'mphepete mwake muli mizere yamiyala yomwe imayatsidwa ndi malire oyera ngati mawonekedwe. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi dorsal fin yaying'ono, yofanana ndi nthenga za mbalame, chifukwa chomwe amatchedwanso "spinopers". Mpeni waku India umafika mpaka 50 cm, ukapolo, umafika zaka zitatu ndipo umakhala zaka 15.

Sabata lililonse, muyenera kusintha madzi kuti ayeretse ndikukhalanso, komanso kusungitsa kusefera koyenera. Ndikofunika kutenga fyuluta ya peat ndikukhazikitsa othandizira mwamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kupewa matenda, mutha kukonzekeretsa ma aquarium ndi fyuluta yakunja yokhala ndi chosakanizira, chifukwa chakudya chama protein ndi zinyalala m'madzi zimatha kuyipitsa madzi. Mpeni wakuda umatengeka ndi matenda ichthyophthyroidism, munthawi yomwe kukonzekera kwa zinc sikumayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mpeni wa Hitala ndi woyenera akatswiri am'madzi akhonde, nsomba sizizolowera zinthu zatsopano, ndipo ndizovuta kulekerera komanso kusintha magalimoto. Mitundu ya India imafunikira mpweya wam'mlengalenga, kotero imasambira pamwamba pamadzi kuti ipume mpweya nthawi ndi nthawi. Masana, nsomba zimatha kubisala m'nyumba, ndipo usiku zimayamba kugwira ntchito ndikusaka.

Kudyetsa

Mpeni wakuda umasilira chakudya, umadya chakudya chamoyo, kutola daphnia, gammarus ndi zolengedwa zina kuchokera pansi. Mitundu ya India imakonda kudya nsomba zazing'ono, tadpoles pansi, nyongolotsi, ma invertebrates, nthawi zina ng'ombe ndi nyama. Maziko azakudya za akuluakulu ndi chakudya chama protein, omwe, komabe, sangapatsidwe kwa iwo tsiku ndi tsiku. Nsomba zimakonda krill yozizira, squid wokutidwa ndi mawazi. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa zatsalira kuchokera ku aquarium munthawi yake.

Mipeni yachinyamata imatha kudyetsedwa guppies, makadinala, artemia wouma ndi nyongolotsi zamagazi. Kuti nsomba zikule komanso kuti nsomba zikule bwino ziyenera kudyetsedwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Kuswana

Mu aquarium, mipeni ya nsomba sichimaswana kawirikawiri, chifukwa chosowa malo oti zibalike. Mu thanki ya matani 2 kapena kuposerapo ndipo mukakhazikitsa magawo oyenera amadzi, kupambana kumatheka. Mphamvu yotentha iyenera kukhala madigiri 25-25, kuuma 6, acidity 6.3. Pongofalikira tengani kuchuluka kwa amuna kwa akazi 2: 1. Ulusi wopanga kapena ma pistols ndi oyenera ngati gawo lapansi.

Mpeni wosaona nthawi yakukhwima ukusintha mtundu, kukhala wofiira-lilac, ndipo zipsepse zake zimakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira. Malupanga awiri ophunzira nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira pamadzi oyandama, chachikazi chimaponyera mazira 500 ndipo chachimuna chimateteza ana sabata yotsatira. Mphutsi za apertonotus zikubisala pakuwala mumitundu yonse, kuthyolako mtsogolo kumafunikiranso pobisalira, popeza zimakhala ndi chisangalalo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaluma michira yawo. Fry ikawoneka, yamphongo imabzalidwa ndikuwapatsa makanda ndi artemia nauplia ndi zooplankton.

Kugwirizana

Ngakhale zili mwamtendere, mpeni wa nsomba umasiyanitsidwa ndi zizolowezi zina zodyera. Amatenga nsomba zing'onozing'ono kuti zizipeza chakudya, makamaka ma characins ang'onoang'ono sizoyenera. Kuyanjana bwino kwa mipeni ndi nsomba zazikulu zamtendere, kupatula ngati mabatani omwe amatha kuwononga zipsepse za afteronotus. Kufananira kwa Optimum kudzakhala ndi plecostomus, shark mpira, arovana, stingray, pangasius, synodontis, pterigoplicht, komanso ndi ma gouras akumiseche. Nsomba zosewerera kwambiri zimatha kusokoneza mipeni, chifukwa zimakhala ndi manyazi.

Mpeni wakuda ndi nsomba ya pamtunda ndipo ndikofunikira kuti muzingozisiyira nokha kapena musamalire kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ndi aliyense. Ndipo mpeni waku India suwoneka bwino, ndi wankhanza ndipo nthawi zina amagwirira nsomba zazikulu, ndikuvulaza kwambiri wozunzidwayo. Amphongo amphongo amphongo nthawi zambiri amakangana ndipo nthawi zambiri amabwera mpaka wina wamwamuna amapha wachiwiri. Kuchepa kwa nsomba ndi gawo la pakhosi.

Mpeni wa nsomba nthawi zonse umakopa chidwi, umakumbukira mawonekedwe ake osazolowereka komanso katundu wosangalatsa. Nsombayi imakhala mosangalala m'madzi mwamtali kwa nthawi yayitali, kusangalatsa mwini wake, yemwe, amayenera kumpatsa magawo a madzi okhazikika ndi chakudya choyenera. Kukongola kwapadera kwa mipeni, malingaliro awo okhazikika ndi kupirira zinawapangitsa kuti akhale ndi mbiri yabwino monga imodzi mwa nsomba zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri mu aquarium yayikulu.

Ndi mtundu wanji wa nsomba?

Nsomba zamtunduwu zadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa zimakhala ndi mpeni. Amatha kukula mpaka masentimita angapo. Ali ndi thupi lalitali, ndipo pali mzere wakuda wam'mimba. M'dera la mchira pafupi ndi mpeni wakuda mutha kuwona chiwalo chapadera chomwe chimatha kupanga zamkati zamagetsi. Izi zimamupangitsa kuti azitha kudziteteza kwa adani osiyanasiyana komanso kuyenda m'madzi ovuta.

Onani Zinthu

Dzina la nsombayo inali chifukwa mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mpeni (mbali yakumtunda ndi lathyathyathya). Ndipo kupezeka kwa mtengo wakuda kuyambira pansi kumathandizanso kufanana. Choyimira ichi chamadzi cham'madzi sichikhala ndi zipsepse wamba zamkati komanso zotulutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosiyana ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi. Chifukwa chakukulira kwakukulu kuchokera kumutu mpaka mchira komanso pisitara zazing'ono ziwiri, mpeni wa nsomba amatha kusambira m'madzi. Kusunthaku ndi pulasitiki komanso zofewa.

Malo okhala ateronotus oyera okhala ndi zoyera ndi malo achimbudzi cha Amazonia chokhala ndi kofatsa komanso malo owonekera kumene mungabisike. Chimodzi mwazomwe tikuwona kupezeka kwamaso osaona. Koma mpeni wa nsomba ndi wadyera, wowongoleredwa bwino m'madzi amatope. Ngakhale mavuto ake akuwona, ndi mlenje wabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha gawo lofooka lamagetsi lomwe limadzipanga lokha.

Kutha kuchita izi kumapangitsa kuti kusaka, kuteteza, kuzindikira zinthu mozungulira, kulumikizana ndi oyimira ena amtundu wawo.

Mu chilengedwe chake mipeni yakuda m'litali imatha kufikira theka la mita ndikukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 15. Gawo lachiwiri la mitunduyi ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwamamba. Khungu limakhala losalala, lakuda. Pali gawo loyera pamutu lomwe limadutsa mzere wowonda ndikutambasuka mbali yonse mpaka mchira, kumathera ndi mphete ziwiri zotsamira za mtundu woyera. Kapangidwe kazachilendo kameneka kamathandiza kuti nsomba ziziyenda m'njira zosiyanasiyana (kumbali, kumtunda, pansi, kumbuyo, kutsogolo, kutsogolo, pansi, khazikikani pamalo amodzi).

Mpeni waku India ocellate umasiyana ndi wobadwa nawo ndi utoto wake wakunja (utoto wa siliva), kupezeka kwa masikelo ang'ono ndi fiyala yaying'ono ya dorsal. M'munsi mwa thupi muli malo ena akuda ofanana ndi maso.

Kusamalira bwanji?

Makamaka nsomba zonse zam'madzi zoperekedwa ndi malo ogulitsa ziweto ndi alendo. Nsomba za Knife ndizosiyana, motero, zimafuna malamulo ena pazomwe zili. Ndikofunikira kupanga malo pafupi kwambiri ndi malo achilengedwe.

• Gwiritsani ntchito malo am'mizinda yayitali, yopambana (pafupifupi malita pafupifupi 150-300). M'madzi okhalamo mumatha kukhala bwino komanso bata. Amafunikanso malo okukula komanso chitetezo chokwanira.
• Kutentha kwamadzi ndi madigiri 23-27 Celsius, kuuma ndi 5-19 dGH, pH ndi 6.0-8.0.
• Mpeni wakuda umakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri pansi, kubisala. Miyala kapena mchenga wokongola ndi wabwino ngati dothi. Pogona, sankhani driftwood, malo ogula kapena mapanga, mapoto osweka a dothi, mapaipi owoneka bwino, miyala.
• Musaiwale za fyuluta yakunja yokhala ndi sterilizer ya ultraviolet yomwe imalepheretsa matenda ambiri. Mtundu wa nsombawu umazindikira kusintha kulikonse kwa magawo amadzi, makamaka mkuwa, zinc ndi milingo yayikulu ya mankhwala.
• Mzukwa wakuda umasiya zinyalala zambiri, chifukwa madzi am'madzi amayenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata.
• Nsombayo idzayamika aerator, ndikupanga mtsinje wofowoka wamadzi womwe udayikidwa mu aquarium.
• Zowunikira ziyenera kukhala zofewa komanso zowonda. Madzi a Turbid ndi abwino kwambiri.
• Kumbukirani, mzukwa wakuda ndi wolusa usiku: umapita kukasaka mdima.

Zodyetsa?

Ngakhale apronotus yoyera imakhala yoyera kwambiri pakukonzanso kwake, izi sizinganenedwe pankhani yathanzi - nsomba sizikudya. Amatha kudya zonse zouma komanso zachisanu. Chachikulu ndikuti zakudya ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana komanso zofunikira. Ichi ndiye chinsinsi cha kukulira bwino komanso thanzi labwino la chiweto.

Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya ndizapuloteni: magazi, chifuwa, artemia, krill, squid kapena shrimp nyama, nsomba zazing'ono, nyongolotsi, mphutsi, fillet nsomba, tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana. Ponena za chakudya chouma, mpeni wakuda amadya kawirikawiri komanso mosasamala. Monga mlenje, amakonda zakudya zam'madzi. Chachikulu ndichakuti musamamwe mopitirira muyeso, apo ayi pamakhala mavuto ndi matumbo, omwe angayambitse imfayo ya pambuyo pake.

Nsomba za mpeni zimayenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi patsiku, mwina m'mawa kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa ndikuzimitsa. Zabwino kwambiri usiku, ndiye kuti zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. Yesani kudyetsa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo.

Ndikambirana ndi ndani?

Khalidwe lakuda la mpeni wakuda ndilamtendere. Amakhala wopanda chidwi ndi omwe okhala nawo pafupi. Komabe, kusinthasintha kwake kumagwirizana bwino ndi anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi. Amawona nsomba zing'onozing'ono monga guppies, Cardinals, Neon, amuna malupanga monga chakudya ndipo amatha kudya mosavuta. Chachikulu, chowoneka bwino chowopsyeza mpeni wa nsomba ndikusunthika kwakukulu.

Mwachitsanzo kuyanjana ndi ophthalmic astronotus ndi zero. Ali nazo wokongola mwachilengedwe ndipo amatha kuzungulira zipsepse. Zomwezo zikuyendera kupita kuma barbaramenenso safuna kuzimata. Kuphatikiza apo, mizukwa yakuda motsika musalekererane wina ndi mnzake. Apteronotus Zimakhala bwino ndi ma clown, stingrays, angelfish, kumpsompsona gouras, nsomba za discus ndi nsomba zina zofanana.

Ngati mukufuna kukhala mwini wa mipeni iwiri, itatu, ndiye kuti asamalire malo akuluakulu okhala ndi malo okhala ndi malo ena kuti asamenyerere gawo.

Izi ndizowona makamaka ndi mipeni yaku India, kukonzekera ndewu zenizeni, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena kufa kwa iye.

Kodi kuchita nawo kubereka?

Kunyumba, kuweta mpeni wakuda ndizovuta kwambiri. Njirayi imakhala nthawi yambiri, ikufuna kudziwa zambiri. Ndikofunikira kukonza thanki yowaza ndi kuchuluka kwa malita 150-200. Komanso tili ndi anthu atatu (abambo awiri ndi wamkazi m'modzi). Mwakutero, palibe kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimakhala zazing'ono ndipo zazimuna zimakhala ndi cheni chamafuta kumbuyo kwa mutu.

Nsomba za Knife ndi malo okhala m'malo otentha ndipo zimafalitsa zachilengedwe nthawi yamvula. Ndikofunikira kuyesa zachilengedwe kuti zitheke pang'ono. Ndikofunika kupanga chinyezi chachikulu ndikukhazikitsa kutentha kwa madzi kuzungulira madigiri 28. Kuti achepetse kutulutsa, madzi am'madzi amachepetsedwa, kenako amawonjezeredwa m'malo ocheperako kwa milungu ingapo.

Samalirani maphunzirowa: ayenera kukhala odziletsa. Akazi a mpeni wakuda amaponyera mazira pansi pa mtsinje wamadzi, ndikuyikira pansi. Yaikazi imatha kugona mazira 500 nthawi imodzi, koma ambiri amafa. Kutulutsa kumatha, mkazi amayikidwa mu chidebe chosiyasiyana ndipo chachimuna chimasiyidwa, yemwe amayang'anira mazirawo mpaka mwachangu atawonekera. Pambuyo pakupanga kwawo, makolowo amathandizidwanso, chifukwa chake adzakhala chakudya.

Pakangodutsa masiku 2-4, mpeni wa mpeni wa nsomba umacha. Kusamalira mwachangu sikophweka. Kuwala kuyenera kuyimitsidwa, popeza samalola kuyatsa kowonekera ndikubisala ming'alu yonse. Madzi ofunikira woyera, muyenera kusintha tsiku lililonse ndi theka. Kwa masiku angapo oyambira, mwachangu amadyera pa yolk sac, ndiye zooplankton wosweka imayambitsidwa muzakudya. Ana amaphunzitsidwa chakudya chachikulire pang'onopang'ono. Chachikulu ndikudyetsa nthawi zambiri komanso m'magawo ochepa.

Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, ndiye kuti m'mwezi woyamba mwachanguwo adzafika masentimita 7-7 ndipo simakhala osiyana ndi mpeni wachikulire.

Kodi kudwala ndi kuthandizira bwanji?

Mwa kusamalira komanso kusamalira bwino, mizukwa yakuda sikuti idwala. Matenda okha omwe amawagwera ndi ichthyophthyroidism (matenda opatsirana oyambitsidwa ndi ciliary infusoria). Izi ndichifukwa chosowa mamba pathupi. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndikuwoneka kwa madontho oyera mu mawonekedwe a semolina pathupi.

Mankhwala, mchere kapena mankhwala apadera opanda zinc amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mchere wamchere wamchere umawonjezeredwa m'ndende zazing'ono zam'madzi. Pambuyo pamanyazi, nsomba zimatha kuchira msanga matendawa atatha. Chachikulu ndikuthandizira pakapita nthawi.

Onani zambiri zamitundu yam'madzi mu vidiyo yotsatira.

Mawonekedwe

M'mawonekedwe, nsomba imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi dzinalo: thupi lokwera komanso lopindika kwambiri pambuyo pake limafanana ndi mpeni.

Kufanana kumeneku kumakulimbikitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa ndalama yayitali yakuda m'munsi mwa thupi, yomwe imayambira pansi pamutu mpaka mchira. Ndi chifukwa cha izi, komanso nsomba ziwiri zazing'ono zazing'ono, mpeni womwe umayenda m'madzi.

Imakhala ilibe zipsepse zobiriwira komanso zopatula, zomwe zimasiyanitsa Black Knife ndi nsomba zambiri zam'madzi.

China chochititsa chidwi ndikusowa kwathunthu masikelo, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi eel.

Luso lodabwitsa

Mchira wawung'ono wa nsomba umakhala pa nthawi yayitali, womwe umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pochita izi pafupi ndi caudal fin pali chiwalo chomwe chimatulutsa zamagetsi.

Mwakutero, thupi lonse la cholengedwa chachilendo ichi, likuyankhula chilankhulo, limatulutsa ndi kulandira tinyanga.

Ngati jenereta yamagetsi yamagetsi ikupezeka kumbuyo kwake, ndiye kuti zida zolandirazo ndizobisika m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a pineal omwe amapezeka thupi lonse.

Chifukwa cha izi, nsomba imamasulidwa kuyenda, imapeza chakudya m'madzi ovuta komanso usiku.

Kudera la caudal pamakhala timizere tating'ono, ndipo pamphuno pali mawonekedwe oyera a mtunduwu.

Kusiyana pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi

Poyamba, kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi ndizovuta. Komabe, ngati mutayang'anitsitsa, mutha kupeza kusiyana pakati pa kugonana: m'mimba mwa mkazi ndi owonekera kwambiri, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala kocheperako kuposa kwamphongo. Kukula kwakukulu kwa anthu wamba a aquarium ndi 15-20 cm, koma ndi zabwino, amakula mpaka 35 cm.

Habitat

Mitsinje ya Amazon ndi Parana, mitsinje yayikulu kwambiri ku South America - awa ndi malo achilengedwe nsomba zam'madzi zatsopano. Pamenepo amadya nyama zing'onozing'ono: nsomba, mwachangu, tizilombo zam'madzi, crustaceans, mphutsi, etc.

Kwa okhala m'derali, mlenje usiku uno, wofika masikono mwachilengedwe mpaka theka la mita, wakhala akudziwika kuyambira kalekale.

Asayansi-akatswiri a zoology adaziwerenga zakale kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 18, natcha dzina lachi Latin "Apteronotus alba" (Apteronotus albifrons). M'mabuku ena komanso m'malo ogulitsa ziweto, dzina loti Apteronotus limapezeka.

M'masamba am'madzi, mpeni wa nsomba (chosankha chokongoletsera, mwachidziwikire) udawonekera posachedwa, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazi, ndipo pomwepo adapeza mafani ake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi zake zachilendo.

Pa kusaka!

Njira yosaka ndi kudyetsera ndikosangalatsa: nsombayo imazindikira chakudya chomwe chingasinthidwe ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe limapanga. Zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimadutsa (mphutsi zamtundu, mwachitsanzo) zimasintha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kwamkati.

Afteronotus amadziwa kusintha kumeneku ndi thupi lake lonse, kudziwa momwe chinthucho chilili komanso ngati chakudya.

Zochita za Atheronotus zimadziwonetsera mumdima komanso pakudya, ndi nthawi yonseyo, mlenje wakuda wakhungu yemwe amagona m'miyala yopanda phokoso, kupatsa nyama za ku aquarium ufulu wonse wochita.

Zinthu zake

Pambuyo pa afteronotus ndipamtunda kapena pansi pa madzi. Kwa mlenje wausiku uno, ndizosathandiza kwenikweni kuti nthaka yomwe idayikidwa pansi pa aquarium ndiyotani. Chinthu china ndichofunikira: kupezeka kwa malo komwe angagone masana. Zitha kukhala

• ceramic chitoliro kudulira
• nkhuni
• nkhokwe zamadzi,
• m'mapanga ndi m'miyala.

Ndipo zina zonse, mpeni wa nsomba ndi wopanda ulemu:

• kuchuluka kwa kusefedwa ndi kuchulukitsa kwa madzi kungakhale pakati,
• Kutentha kwamadzi kuchokera ku +20 mpaka 2525 madigiri - mwachizolowezi nsomba zambiri zam'madzi,
• magawo a kusakhazikika ndi acidity yamadzi amakhalanso opanda tanthauzo,
• koma kusintha kwa madzi kuyenera kupangidwa nthawi imodzi pa sabata osachepera 1/3 a voliyumu yonse.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti kukula kwa kuyatsa kwa aqua sikuchita gawo lapadera. Mwachidule, ndizotheka kukhala ndi afteronotus mu aquarium wamba.

Mpeni wakuda ndi nsomba zomwe makolo akale amalowamo

White-front-Ateronotus (Chilatini: Apteronotus albifrons) kapena, monga momwe amatchulidwira, mpeni wakuda, ndi imodzi mwazisodzi kwambiri zachilengedwe zam'madzi zomwe amateurs amasunga m'madzi am'madzi. Amamukonda chifukwa ndi wokongola, wokondweretsa komanso wopanda zachilendo. Kunyumba, m'nkhalango zamvula za Amazon, mafuko am'deralo amakhulupirira kuti mpeni ndi nsomba, mizimu ya makolo imakhala pambuyo pa imfa, motero imawerengedwa kuti ndi yopatulika.

Ngakhale amatha kukula kwambiri, pafupifupi 40 masentimita, amakhalabe okongola kwambiri. Amakhala amanyazi mwachilengedwe, apertonotus amatha pakapita nthawi ndipo amayamba kuchita zinthu molimba mtima, mpaka kufikira pomwe amadya ndi manja awo.

Popita nthawi, ma apertonotuse onse ogulitsa adatumizidwa kuchokera ku South America, makamaka kuchokera ku Brazil. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwa adagona mu ukapolo, makamaka ku Southeast Asia, ndipo kupsinjika kwa anthu mwachilengedwe kwatsika kwambiri.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Msodzi wakuda mpeni adayamba kufotokozedwa ndi Karl Line mu 1766. Amakhala ku South America, ku Amazon ndi m'milandu yake. White-apertonotus amatchedwanso mpeni wakuda, ndipo mu Chingerezi Black Ghost Knifefish ndi nsomba yakuda ya mzukwa.

Mwachilengedwe, limakhala m'malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe wofatsa komanso pansi pamchenga, kusamukira munkhokwe zamadzi m'nthawi yamvula.

Mpeni wakuda 30 cm:

Khalidwe la Aquarium

Nsomba zamtendere pokhudzana ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazikulu, zomwe nsomba ndi ma invertebrates amatha kumezedwa, zimadziwika ngati chakudya. Komabe, amatha kukhala ankhanza poyerekeza ndi nsomba zamtundu wina kapena mitundu ina ya mipeni; ndibwino kusungitsa apronotus yoyera kamodzi mu aquarium popanda abale.

Nsomba yakuda mpeni: zopezeka, kuyenderana, kuswana, chithunzi-kanema

MVUTO WOSAVUTA
Ateronotus wokhala ndi moyera

White-fronted ateronotus (mpeni wakuda) - nsomba izi zaposachedwa kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nsomba zidayambitsidwa ndikuwonekera m'midzi yathu yam'madzi kumayambiriro kwa 80s. Anapambana mitima ya onse akatswiri ndi oyamba, chifukwa cha kukongola komanso mayendedwe ake okoma. Ndipo, zoona, kuthekera kwakuphatikiza ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya nsomba kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yokongola kwambiri kuti isunge malo osungira nyama.

Dzina lachi Latin: Apteronotus albifrons
Gulu: Ma Anthemiformes (Gymnotiformes)
Banja: Afteronotidae (Apteronotidae)
Kutentha kwamadzi: 23 - 28 ° C
"Acidity" pH: 6,0 – 7,5°

"Kuuma" dH: 5 — 15°

Zovuta: 30%

Mavuto azinthu: Zosavuta Kugwirizana: Knife wakuda - Afteronotus, nsomba ya pansi, yamtendere, koma nthawi yomweyo yosangalatsa.

Ndi angati akukhala: Underonotus atakhala bwino pazoyang'anira nyumba, Afteronotus amakhala ndi zaka 12. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa nsomba zina zambiri M'MAGAZINI INO!

Voliyumu yocheperako ya aquarium: kuchokera ku 150l., m'madzimo ngati amenewa mutha kuyika umodzi wamtunduwu. Zinthu zikafika pabwino, Afteronotus amafika pamlingo wabwino, motero ndibwino kugula mwansanga madzi okwanira 200-250 malita. Za kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zingasungidwe mu aquarium ya X lita PANO

Zosamalira ndi zofunika: monga mwamvetsetsa, za zomwe zili Mpeni wakuda mukusowa aquarium wamkulu, wokhala ndi madzi oyera, okhala ndi chivindikiro nthawi zonse, chifukwa nsomba ikhoza kudumpha. Ponena za mitundu ina ya nsomba, amafunika kupanga malo pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Pachifukwa ichi, aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi kusefa bwino, makamaka fyuluta ya peat, gawo logwira ntchito komanso madzi amasintha sabata iliyonse mpaka 30-35% ya voliyumu yonse. Komanso malo osungirako malo osiyanasiyana ayenera kuyikidwa mu aquarium - driftwood, grottoes, makamaka kubzala mbewu zomwe zimapangika m'nkhalango zowirira, kuti nsomba imatha kubisala masana, chifukwa imatsogolera nthawi yophunzira usiku. Kuwala kumatha kukhala kowala, kotheka kwa mbewu, ndi kwa nsomba kuwalako kuyenera kukhala kosafooka, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi nsomba, izi zimafunikira malo omwe ali ndi mthunzi wabwino momwe Athertonotuses amatha kubisala pakuwala kowala masana.

Chikuni cha nsomba cha Aquarium

Pali nthawi zambiri pamene munthu, atadziwa kuswana ndi kusunga nsomba zodzikongoletsa, akufuna kukhala ndi nzika zachilendo zakunyumba kwawo. Mwamwayi, m'masitolo a nyama kapena m'malo am'madzi mungagule nthumwi zosowa kwambiri zamadzi am'madzi, imodzi yomwe ndi mpeni wa nsomba, malinga ndi terminology yasayansi, mpeni wakuda.

Dzinalo limamveka lowopsa, komabe, mtundu wa mpeni wa nsomba sungatchulidwe kuti ndi wankhanza, ndipo zomwe sizimakhala pachiwopsezo kwa ena okhala mdera lanyumba. Kuphatikiza pa mwachangu ndi nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe, zomwe amatha kudya mosavuta. Mwa njira, munthawi iyi, mawonekedwe ake amasiyana pang'ono ndi nsomba zina zokongoletsa.

Black afteronotus kapena mpeni wa nsomba

Nsomba yakuda yakuda (Apteronotus albifrons) ndiye nsomba yotchuka kwambiri yabanja la Apteronotidae. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchulukirachulukira ndikukutumiza kwa nsomba, komwe kumatenga zaka makumi angapo kuchokera kumphepete mwa mitsinje ya South America. Ndipo, mwachidziwikire, chifukwa chachiwiri chodziwika ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka. Nsombazi ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa kuchokera kwa ena oimira banja lake chifukwa cha mzere woyera, womwe umakhala mchira wa thupi. M'mayiko ena amatchedwa "Black Ghost Knife Fish", chifukwa mafuko amtchire ku nkhalango ya Amazon amakhulupirira kuti mizimu ya anthu akufa imapita kunyanjayo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ateronotus wakuda watumizidwa ku Indonesia, komwe amawombera bwino.

Kodi mpeni wamadzi am'madzi umawoneka bwanji?

Woimira uyu wa banja la pambuyo pake adalandira dzina loyambirira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ngati mpeni. Anthu amakula mpaka 30-40 cm, alibe mamba, ali ndi thupi lalitali komanso mzere wakuthwa wam'mimba. Pa mchira wa mpeni wa nsomba pali chiwalo chapadera chomwe chimagunda magetsi osooka, izi zimawathandiza kudziteteza kwa adani ndikuyenda mumadzi oyipitsidwa. Alibe dorsal fin, koma anal fin imakonzedwa bwino ndipo imayambira pamutu mpaka mchira, kotero mpeni wa nsomba ya aquarium imasunthira mbali iliyonse komanso kuthamanga komweko.

Nsombazi zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wa velvet, mzere woyera umatambasukira kumbuyo, ndipo pafupi ndi mchirayo pali mikwaso yachikasu - "nthiti". Zachikazi zimasiyana ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono komanso zam'mimba zazing'ono, amuna ena amatha kunyamula chakumaso kumbuyo.

Nsomba ya Aquarium "wakuda wakuda": kukonza ndi kusamalira (chithunzi)

Mwa mitundu yayikulu yamadzi am'madzi, imodzi mwazosangalatsa kwambiri ndi nsomba, yomwe imadziwika kuti "mpeni wakuda". Mwa boma, amatchedwa afteronotus, ndipo m'maiko olankhula Chingerezi dzina lake ndi "mzukwa wakuda." Othandizira am'madzi odziwa ntchito amabweretsa zodabwitsazi kuzimadzi zawo. Koma oyamba, mwina, ayenera kudziwa zambiri asanayesere kupanga izi: mpeni wakuda ndi nsomba, zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera komanso maluso.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mu vivo, nsomba yakuda mpeni imadyera mwachangu zamtundu wina wa nsomba ndi mphutsi zamtundu, ndiko kuti, ndizosangalatsa. Kunyumba, imadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chokhazikika kapena chowundana: wopanga ma tubule, nyini yamagazi. Mwakonzeka, mpeni wakuda amadya shirimpwe ndi squid. Chakudya chouma, monga choloweza mmalo chilichonse, chimanyalanyazidwa ndi nsomba mpaka itafa ndi njala. Mwakutero, amatha kuzolowera zakudya zotere, koma osagwira. Kudyetsa kumachitika kamodzi patsiku, mutazimitsa magetsi a aquarium. Aperonotuse nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa chodya kwambiri, chifukwa chake muyenera kuwerengera zomwe ziweto zanu zimakonda ndikupereka pang'ono.

Yemwe mungalole mwa oyandikana nawo

Mwakutero, mpeniwo ndi wakuda - nsombayo ndi yamtendere komanso osati yankhanza. Mphamvu zolimba zimachitika pakati pa amuna okhaokha amtunduwu pamikangano. Komabe, mutakhazikitsidwa ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi nyama, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse nsomba zazing'onoting'ono ngati neon ndi guppies ku apertonotus: azidya. Kwa mipeni yayikulu yoyandikana nayo ndi yosayanjanitsika. Komabe, ndibwino kuti musalole nsomba zoyendayenda kwambiri - mwachitsanzo, ma barbs - mu aquarium yomweyo nawo. Athertonotuses ndi amanyazi, ndipo chifukwa choyenda kwambiri mozungulira kumatha kupanikizika. Kuphatikiza apo, oyandikana nawo oterowo amatha kubowola zipsepse zakuda za mpeni wakuda.

Mpeni wa nsomba ya Aquarium - wanzeru mwanzeru!

Tsopano m'nyumba iliyonse mutha kupeza nyama zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba. Palibe anthu otere omwe sangasangalale ndi moyo wa anthu okhala m'madzimo. Kuphatikiza apo, zonse izi zimasiyanitsa ndi zipsinjo ndi mavuto. Ngati mukufuna, ndibwino kugula nsomba zam'madzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu mu sitolo. Nkhaniyi iyankhula za nsomba yakuda yakupanga. Mutha kuwona zithunzi za nsomba pa intaneti.

Pazomwe zidayamba kulemba Karl Linney m'zaka za zana la 17. Nsombayi imakhala ku Amazon ndipo, mukamasulira dzinali, limatanthawuza "mzukwa wakuda." M'malo achilengedwe, mpeni wa nsomba umakhala m'malo omwe mulibe magetsi komanso pansi pamchenga. Nthawi yamvula ikafika, imasamukira ku mitengo yamangati. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito masheya osiyanasiyana omwe ali pansi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake alibe khungu lowoneka bwino, chifukwa malo otere nthawi zambiri amakhala osawoneka bwino. Nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi izi ndizodyera ndipo ziyenera kuganiziridwa mukamaberekana.

Momwe mungaberekere nsomba za mpeni?

Pambuyo pa afteronotus, kutha msambo kumachitika mchaka chimodzi ndi theka. Izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi maphunziro a kusukulu. Amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala nawo pano. Njira zoterezi zimatha kuonedwa pansi pa mtsinje wamadzi m'mawa. Yaikazi imatulutsa mazira achikasu oposa 500. Kenako muyenera kuchotsa amuna achimapanga amiyala yakuda ndi chachikazi mumtolo wina. Pakapita kanthawi, mphutsi zimatha kuonekera, ndipo patatha sabata, mwachangu amasambira ndikudya.

Afteronotus aquarium nsomba monga tafotokozera pamwambapa ndi yaying'ono ndipo ikuwonetsa mfundo zoyipa pamalopo. Kwa nsomba zina zomwe zili m'madzimo, samusonyeza chidwi. Izi nsomba za aquarium zimatha kukula mpaka 50 sentimita, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizisungidwa mu aquarium ya malita 150. Payenera kukhala amodzi amodzi otere, koma ndizotheka kuyambitsa nsomba zazing'onoting'ono pano. Zithunzi za nsomba zimatha kupezeka pa intaneti.

Ngati tizingolankhula za moyo wa nsombazi, ndiye kuti atha kukhala ndi zaka 12. Ndi pokhazikika pokhapokha pomwe apteronotus angafike pamlingo wochititsa chidwi motero ndi bwino kugula aquarium yomweyo yayikulu. Madzi mmenemo ayenera kukhala oyera ndipo ayenera okutidwa ndi chivindikiro. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti mpeni wa nsomba ukhoza kutuluka. Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti kukonza nyanjayi kumafunikira kuti pakhale zinthu zomwe zimafanana ndi zachilengedwe.

Habitat

Nthawi zambiri, achinyamata oimira mtunduwu amapezeka m'magulu akulu m'madzi am'madzi opanda phokoso, munkhokwe zamtchire kapena m'mizu yamitengo yamadzi osefukira. Akuluakulu amakonda moyo wapayekha ndipo amakhala moyo wawo akusaka, akuwombera omwe akuwathandizira. Chifukwa choti mpeni wamaso umakhala m'madzi ofunda, osasunthika, nsomba izi zimamverera bwino komanso zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa.

Nsomba zam'madzi oyera agunda ornata kapena, monga amatchedwa, mpeni waku India, amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Posachedwa, mtunduwu udawonekanso ku United States. Nsombazo sizingathe kupita kudzikoli mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa ndi madzi abwino ndipo sizingathe kupirira kuyambuka. Mwinanso, bambo yemwe samadziwa kusamalira nsomba zoyipa zotulutsidwa mumtsinje, ndipo adazolowera ndikuyamba kugawa magawo atsopano. Ngakhale nsombayo ndi yosasamala, nkofunika kulabadira mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi zovuta zina zomwe zingachitike mutatsegula mpeni.

Momwe mungasankhire mpeni wa nsomba. Mpeni wa nsomba zabwino

Ngati mukufuna kukonza mbale kuchokera ku nsomba zatsopano, kudula kwake kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri ngati muli ndi mpeni wapadera wa filet. Kupeza chida choyenera ndi vuto lalikulu kwa oyamba kuphika. Kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana, chifukwa musanasankhe njira yoyenera kwambiri, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino kusiyana kwa mipeni ya filet.

Tsamba

Mpeni wokhazikika wa nsomba umatha kukhala ndi tsamba ndi kutalika kwa 16, 19, kapena 21 sentimita. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kufunika kwa kudula nsomba zamkati inayake. Ndi zinthu zokhala ndi masamba amfupi ndizoyenera kukonza magawo ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, kudula nsomba zazikulu, monga nsomba, masamba ofunika amafunikira.

Choyimira chotsimikizika pakusankha gawo lodula ndikusinthasintha kwa tsamba. Mpeni wosinthika kwambiri wa nsomba umakhala ndi tsamba lakuonda. Ngati muli ndi zotere, muyenera kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali polekanitsa chiuno ndi msana.Chifukwa chake, njirayi ndi yoyenera kokha polekanitsa mbali zofewa mwachindunji mukamakonzera nsomba kuphika.

Chifukwa chake, tsamba la mpeni wabwino, wogwira ntchito pazenera zambiri ziyenera kukhala:

1. Kutalika, koma kusinthasintha kokwanira.
2. Tsamba liyenera kukhala lolunjika chidwi ndi zomwe wophika amachita, apo ayi mukadula, mutha kudumpha lonse lonse la mafupa ang'onoang'ono.
3. Mpeni wodulira nsomba kuchokera pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndiye kuti umatha kupitilirabe. Komabe, chifukwa cha mphamvu yachepera, njirayi ndioyenera kungodula mafilimu kapena kudula masamba.

Gwira

Popeza mpeni wa fillet ya nsomba nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pa usodzi, chogwirira chake chimayenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosagwira chinyontho. Njira yabwino ikakhala kugula chinthu chokhala ndi chikopa chofundidwa ndi chikopa chopangidwa ndi khungwa la birch kapena mtengo wokhala ndi zokutira zopanda madzi.

Ngati mukufuna kusankha mpeni wapamwamba kwambiri wa nsomba, pamenepa tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupereke chidwi ndi malonda omwe ali ndi manyolo kuchokera ku nyanga. Njirayi siyokhazikika kokha, komanso ili ndi mawonekedwe apachiyambi, okongola.

Ponena za mawonekedwe a chogwirira, chimayenera kudziwika ndi kupezeka kwakukulu kwa wosuta winawake. Kuti mudziwe mawonekedwe abwino, ndikokwanira kuyesa mpeniwo.

Pakadali pano mipeni yayikulu ikufunidwa kwambiri, mapepala omwe akuwonetsa kuti akhoza kusintha gawo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mubwezeretsenso magwiridwe antchito ngati pakuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa tsamba.

Komabe, sizingatheke kuti muchepetse malonda ndi zida zopangira. Mwachilengedwe, mpeni woterewu womwe umadulira nsomba umakhala wothandiza pokhapokha ngati wopangidwa ndi mbiri yabwino atapanga.

Mtengo ndi Opanga

Sitinganene motsimikiza kuti kuphika mbale zamasamba kumakhala kosatheka popanda mipeni ya sirloin. Ngati mungafune, mutha kuyendetsa bwino zinthu zopanda pake ndi zinthu wamba zapakhitchini.

Mpeni wapa nsomba ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri kwa oyang'anira ntchito, ophika enieni komanso chofunikira kwa asodzi akhama. Wogwiritsa ntchito wamba amatha kumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa zida zam'khichini zofunika.

Pakadali pano, akatswiri adziwa zingapo zopanga bwino kupanga zida zodula nsomba:

• mipeni yonyamula nsomba "Rapala" (Finland),
• zodula za mtundu wa Kasumi (Japan),
• zopangidwa ndi kampani "Opinel" (France).

Komabe, pali mitundu ingapo yotchuka kwambiri yopanga mipeni ya filet. Mwachitsanzo, zogulitsa zamakampani otchuka Gipfel ndi Victorinox ndizofunikira kwambiri pakati pa ogula. Ngati tikulankhula za kuchuluka kwa mitengo, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi mtengo wa $ 10 mpaka $ 300 zimapezeka kwa ogula.

Malangizo Othandiza

Momwe mungasankhire mpeni wa nsomba wosavuta kwambiri, wopindulitsa? Kodi ndi njira yanji yomwe mungasankhire zosowa za ophika wina? Kuti muchite izi, onaninso malingaliro a akatswiri pankhani yophika:

1. Choyamba, magawo a tsamba la mpeni wa sirloin ayenera kukhala oyandikira kwambiri momwe kukula kwa nsomba kudulidwira.
2. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zophika omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kudula nsomba tsiku logwirira ntchito, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizigwira dzanja mosamala.
3. Zida zabwino zopanga mpeni wa filet zimawonedwa kuti ndi zamphamvu kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo ziphuphu za ku Damasiko.
4. Malinga ndi malingaliro omwe apezeka, mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, mipeni yoyera bwino imapangidwa ndi achi Japan. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira poyamba kuganizira zosankha ndi kugula kwa zinthu ngati izi. Ndili ndi bajeti yochepa, zopangidwa kuchokera kwa opanga aku Finland zidzakhala njira yabwino.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito mipeni yakhitchini kudula nsomba kumasiyana pamavuto ena, chifukwa chake muyenera kugwira nawo ntchito mosamala kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi mpeni wa sirloin, achichepere osadziwa ayenera kugula buku la malangizo.
6. Chowonjezera, chothandiza, chowonjezera chowonjezera cha mpeniwo ndi foloko yapadera, yomwe ikupatsani mwayi kuti muike nsomba pamalo oyenera mukadula, kupewa kuvulala.