Chosic otocinclus - nsomba yaying'ono yamadzi oyera bwino komanso yotalika masentimita 5.5. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Central ndi North America, makamaka Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Brazil, beseni la Orinoco ndi Amazon yapamwamba. Ototsinklusy amakonda mitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono, pomwe imakhala m'masukulu akuluakulu, omwe nthawi zina amakhala masauzande a anthu.
Thupi la otocinclus limakhala ngati chopendekera, chodziwika ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zamkati, kubanja lawo. Amadziwikanso kuti loricaria catfish, munthawi ya ufumu wa Roma zida zankhondo zankhondo zimadziwika kuti "loric-ka". Zoonadi, akambuku am'banja lino ali ndi mafupa omwe amateteza.
Pa chithunzichi, catfish otocinclus zebra
Ototsinklus siwosiyana nawo - mbali zake ndizotetezedwa bwino ndi mizere ya mbale zachikaso, chikaso chakumaso chimaphimbidwanso ndi mafupa, malo okhawo ofooka thupi ndi thupi lake lamkaka la imvi, zipsepere ndizochepa, pafupifupi zowonekera kwathunthu. Mbali mbali, thupi lonse, chingwe chakuda chikuwoneka bwino, ndikusintha ngati malo kumunsi kwa mchira. Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mawanga zimatha kukhala zamitundu mitundu.
Chosangalatsa cha nsomba izi ndi kupuma kwamatumbo. Chifukwa chaichi, pamaboweka mpweya m'mimba ya otocyclus, yomwe, ngati nifunikira, imakokomeza esophagus, ndikuthandizira kuti nsombazo zizituluka mwachangu kumbuyo kwa mpweya. Ngati mphaka nthawi zambiri amatuluka, ndi nthawi yolira, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi imapuma pokhapokha ngati mpweya wotupa sukwanira komanso madziwo osadzaza ndi mpweya.
Ototsinklus - kuposa nsomba wamba. Pakuuka, amakhala wotanganidwa ndikudya nyama yaying'ono, osazindikira anthu ena okhala m'madzimo, ngati sachita nkhanza. Ogwira ntchito osatopa amenewa amakhalabe m'nkhalangozi za mbewu, pamiyala kapena m'makoma a pansi pamadzi, kumakola zikwizikwi pakamwa pawo. Mano a otocinclus ndi ochepa kwambiri kotero kuti sangawononge tsinde ndi masamba, motero amakhala otetezeka pazomera zamoyo.
Chisamaliro cha Ototsinklus komanso kufanana
1. Kuchuluka kwa Aquarium kuyenera kukhala osachepera malita 60, wokhala ndi masamba ambiri, mabatani ndi miyala. Malo osungira otsika kwambiri omwe amakhala ndi pansi kwambiri adzakhala oyenera, chifukwa kuthengo, nsomba zamtchire zimakonda madzi osaya ndipo osasambira akuya kuposa 0.5 m.
2. Malamulo a kutentha kwa nsomba zamtunduwu ayenera kukhala okhazikika, osasintha mwadzidzidzi. Kutentha kwa madzi kuti akwaniritse kukonza - 22-27 ° C. Nsomba zambiri zamatcheni zimalephera kutentha pang'ono kuposa 30 ° C. Aeration iyeneranso kupezekapo.
3. Mwachilengedwe, nsomba za otocinclus zimakhala pamagulu ambiri, anthu angapo amayeneranso kukhazikitsidwa nthawi imodzi, chifukwa kukula kwawo amakulolani kuti mukhale ndi ma 6-8, ngakhale pang'ono.
4. Mbedza zamtchire zimakonda madzi akuda. Mu aquarium momwe otocyclus amakhala, amafunika kusintha madzi sabata iliyonse ndi kotala la voliyumu yonse.
Monga tanena kale, mtunduwu ndi wamtendere kwambiri, motero otocinclus amakhala moyandikana ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono. Osazisunga pamodzi ndi nzika zazikulu za m'madzi am'madzi, mwachitsanzo ndi ma cichlids, popeza omalizawa amakonda kuukira mwachangu.
Komabe, ndalamayo ili ndi zovuta: akatswiri azambiri azam'madzi amazindikira chizolowezi cha otocinclus chofuna kumamatira ku discus ndi scalar kuti adye ndulu zawo zosagwirizana. Inde, ma scalars samakondwera ndi izi, kotero kuyandikira kwawo kumatsutsana kwambiri.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, mtundu wa Otocinclus uli ndi mitundu 18 yosiyanasiyana. Oimira onse amtunduwu ali ndi utoto wofanana ndi mzere wofanana, womwe ungakhale wopitiliza, wophatikizana, wowonda, wotakata, koma mulimonse momwe ungasiyanirane. Malo akuda mchira amakhalaponso mu otocincluses onse; mafotokozedwe ake amatha kukhala ozungulira, W-mawonekedwe kapena ofanana ndi makona atatu.
Ototsinklus affinis, kapena otocinclus wamba amapezeka m'mazisamba nthawi zambiri kuposa ena. Kutalika kwa mphaka ndi masentimita 3-4 okha, utoto wotchuka ndi wachikasu, masikono amalembeka ndi chingwe chakuda, kumbuyo kwake ndi kwamtundu wamtambo wokhala ndi madontho a bulauni komanso malo owala a nsangalabwi. Mphesa zowonekera zimapereka zobiriwira pang'ono.
Chikhalidwe cha a Somic otocinclus
Ototsinclus Arnoldi - ochokera ku Mtsinje wa La Plata (Brazil). Mtunduwu umawoneka kwambiri ngati otocinclius wamba, koma mawanga ansalu akhungu kumbuyo kwake amadziwika bwino ku Arnoldi. Pa ena chithunzi, otocinclus ziwiri mwa mitundu iyi zimatha kusokonezeka.
Ototsinklus wamawangamawanga Adabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil, komwe amapezeka pafupifupi onse oyandikana nawo. Thupi lamtunduwu limapakidwa utoto wamitengo ya azitona, pamakhala mitundu ina ya utoto. Tinsalu tambiri tambiri kutalika konse kwa nsombayo zimafotokoza dzina lake. Mzere wozungulira nawonso ulipo - ndizopanda tanthauzo mu timawu tating'ono ta otocinclus.
Chisomiki otocinclus chamawonekedwe
Gulani otocinclus ndizotheka pamisika, komanso m'malo ogulitsa nyama. Chifukwa cha zabwino zomwe amabweretsa, kufunikira kwa nsomba zosamveka izi kukukula chaka ndi chaka. Mtengo wa Otocinclus ndi ma ruble 200-300.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Pogwira ntchito ndi kapu yake yonyamula pakamwa, otocinclus amatenga microalgae ndi zooplankton kuchokera pamwamba. M'madzi osambitsidwa oyera, amatha kufa ndi njala, chifukwa chakudya chake chomwe sichili chokwanira. Wamadya omwe ali ndi njala alimi ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi masamba apadera. Sakana kukokana zukini ndi madzi otentha, sipinachi, nkhaka. Panthawi yophukira, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri zimayenera kuwonjezeredwa kuzakudya.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Jenda ya otocinclus siivuta kudziwa - zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali komanso zazitali. M'madera otetezedwa, nsomba zamtchire zimaberekana bwino kwambiri, chifukwa palibe zofunika zina kuti zitheke. Cholinga chabwino choyambitsa kuwaza ndikusintha kwa madzi kukhala kwatsopano.
Nthawi yaubwenzi imadziwika ndi masewera achilendo amakono ndi zolimba pakati pa amuna. Kuti muthe kuwaza bwino, ndibwino kubzala gulu lonse la otocincluses limodzi, ndiye kuti iwowo adzagawika pawiri.
Chisankho chikapangidwa, chachikazi chimapendekera mutu wake pamimba yaimuna, ndikupanga zilembo "T", izi zimalimbikitsa kupanga mkaka. Mazira okhathamira amamatira pamalo omwe adayeretsedwa kale, pomwe amakhala kuti amapsa kwa masiku 2-7. Kusintha kumakhala ndi mazira 100-150 ang'onoang'ono opatsirana.
Pakatha masiku 2-3 kusasitsa, kumapangidwa mwachangu, komwe kuyenera kukhala kotsika (pansi 20 cm), ndikudyetsedwa ndi microworm, dzira yolk, ndi spirulina. Odula amakhala okhwima pakubadwa ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, ndikulankhula koyenera mu ukapolo, amphaka amtundu wamtchire amakhala zaka 5-6.
Kufotokozera
Thupi la nsombazo limakulungidwa kuchokera kumutu kupita kumchira, litakutidwa ndi chipolopolo, mpaka kuteteza kwa adani. Zovala zophimba kumaphira kumbuyo ndi mbali, kusiya m'mimba osatetezeka. Miyeso ya thupi - mpaka masentimita 5. Pakamwa pake amapangidwira m'njira yoti ikhale yosavuta kusonkhanitsa zitsamba, popanda kuwononga mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, kamwa yokhala ngati yoyamwa imathandiza kuti nsomba za mphaka zizitha kuthana ndi kutuluka kwazomwe zimakhala. Mchira ndi zipsepse zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimayambira pafupi ndi pamimba.
Zosiyanasiyana
Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya otocyncluses kumasiyana makamaka mitundu. Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a thupi ndi zipsepse zimafanana. Chizindikiro cha nsomba zonse ndi mzere wakuda m'mbali mwa mbali. Mitundu ina imakhala yowoneka bwino, koma ina imayamba kuonekera.
- otocinclus affinis, nsomba wamba ya algae, ndiye nsomba yodziwika bwino yam'madzi yamtunduwu. Ili ndi thupi loyenda ndi golide, loyera kumbuyo ndi kuwala pamimba. Mawanga akuda a mawonekedwe osayenerana amapezeka mosakhalitsa m'thupi.
- otocinclus wamawangamawanga - khungu lathu lamtundu wa azitona ndimtambo wamtambo, malo amdima ang'onoang'ono amwazika mthupi lonse, kupatula pamimba, ndi golide komanso chigwa.
- otocinclus negros - amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri, wamtundu pafupifupi wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga amtundu wagolide kapena banga. Mimba ili pafupi kuyera.
- otocinclus arnoldi - ndikosavuta kusokoneza ndi omwe amadya mwala wamba, kusiyana ndikuti mawanga amakhala amdima komanso akuthwa, makamaka kumbuyo.
- otocinclus wittatus, otocinclus Broadband - utoto waukulu ndi wakuda wakuda ndi utoto laimvi, Mzere m'mbali mwake ndi wofalikira komanso wowonekera kuposa mitundu ina. Malo amdima akuwonekera kumbuyo, pamimba ndi kuwala kosiyanako, mtundu wake umayamba nthawi yomweyo mzere wakuda.
Ndodo zing'onozing'onozi ndizabwino kwa ma aquariums akulu ndi ang'ono, oyamba komanso akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi amakhala nazo. Ototsinklusy - mtundu wothandiza kuphatikiza pa aquarium iliyonse. Lamulo lalikulu pakukonza ndi kusamalira ndikusunga magawo amadzi nthawi zonse: kuuma, acidity, kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Ndi ma otocincluse angati omwe amakhala mu aquarium kutengera momwe akukhalira komanso kukhazikika kwa posungira. Kutalika kwa moyo ndi zaka 4-5. Zotsukira izi zimakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwamitundu iliyonse yamadzi.
- Aquarium voliyumu - 6-7 catfish ikhoza kuikidwa mu aquarium ndi voliyumu ya 50 l. Izi ndizokwanira kwa moyo wabwino wa otocinclus. Akachulukirapo, nsomba zimasavuta, ndipo zimatha kukhala zokhazokha. Ngati kusankhaku kudagwera pa otocinclus maria, omwe atakula amakhala ndi kukula kwa 2,5 cm, ndiye kuti ana awa amatha kukhazikika pamlingo wa malita 10 pa nsomba iliyonse.
- Kutentha 22-25 ° C.
- Kuuma 2-15 °.
- Acidity 5-7.5.
- Ototsinklusy amakonda madzi oyera okhala ndi mtsinje wamphamvu komanso mphamvu yokwanira. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa fyuluta komwe kumayambitsa kutuluka ndi compressor yomwe imadzaza madzi ndi mpweya ndizofunikira kwambiri. Amphaka amtunduwu amakhala ndi vuto la kupuma kwamatumbo: ngati mpweya ndi wocheperako, nthawi zambiri amayamba kuyandama ndikuwunika mpweya kuchokera pansi. Ichi ndi "muyeso wadzidzidzi", ndipo sikuyenera kubweretsa izi: kutalika kwa moyo ndi kukaniza matenda omwe alibe mpweya wambiri kugwa.
- Kukonza dothi ndi siphon ndikusintha madzi kukhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo - kamodzi pa masabata awiri kapena atatu (m'matanthwe ang'onoang'ono pafupipafupi, m'mizinda ikuluikulu ikamakhala yodetsedwa, koma kamodzi pamwezi).
- Ma Adhesive alibe chidwi ndi zomera zamadzimadzi, cholinga chawo ndi chosakanikira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera. Chifukwa chake, ma otocincluse ndi oyenera kusungidwa m'madzi okhala ndi zomera: samazidya, osaphula, koma amangotola zolembedwa pamalo oyandikira.
- Izi nsomba sizimakonda dothi komanso zokongoletsera. Dothi loyera limawoneka bwino, likuwonetsa nsomba bwino. Koma ndizosazolowanso komanso kosangalatsa kwa iwo kuti akhale ndi miyala yaying'ono yamiyala yokhala ndi kachulukidwe ka mamilimita 5-7. Kukongoletsa - miyala, mitengo ya Drift, machubu ceramic ndi ma mbiya ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo azikhala pafupi ndi chilengedwe.
Kudyetsa
Ngakhale kuti ochapira amakhala otanganidwa nthawi zonse kudya zolembera, zakudya zawo ziyenera kukulitsidwa. Zakudya zoyenera zimaphatikizapo kudya mapuloteni komanso zakudya zamasamba. Chakudya chapadera cha nsomba za aquarium catfish chimakupatsani mwayi wopangira zinthu zomwe zikusowapo, kulimbitsa utoto, kukulitsa kukana matenda. Monga chithandizo, letesi yoyera kapena nkhaka ikhoza kuperekedwa kwa otocinclus. Zotsalira za chakudya zamtunduwu zimayenera kuchotsedwa pamadzi.
Chofunikira chofunikira: mu aquarium yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kumene, palibe zolembera pamakoma. Pansi pa izi, nsomba zimafa ndi njala ngati sizinadyeredwenso. Chifukwa chake, musadalire kuti nsomba zomwe zimapeza chakudya. Seaweed yake imakoma kwambiri kuposa chakudya. Ototsinklusy samadwala kudya kwambiri, ndipo akudya kwambiri, sataya ntchito yawo yotsuka thankiyo.
Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana
Odyera ku algae ndi nsomba zamtendere komanso zosasangalatsa. Samayambitsa nkhawa kwa anthu ena okhala m'madzimo, amatetezedwa ndi chivundikiro yaying'ono kuchokera kwa owononga ochepa. Zoyendetsa nyama sizitha kupulumutsa pamtunda zazikulu (zaku zakukula, ma parroti ndi ma cichlids ena), motero nsomba zoterezi mwa oyandikana nawo sizoyenera kuweta mphaka. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi amalangiza kuti asatenge kuyandikira kwa mitundu yomwe mbali zake zimaphimbidwa ndi ntchofu (angelfish, discus). Ototsinkllyusy poyesa kuyeretsa chilichonse mozungulira, nthawi zambiri amafika ku "chida" ichi.
Nsomba zamtendere ngati ma guppies, amalupanga, gourami ndi zina ndi abwenzi abwino a otocinclus. Malangizidwe ophatikizika: nsomba siziyenera kukhala zamtunda, zazikulu komanso zankhanza.
Mbali yodziwika bwino ya otocinclus ndi kusambira kwawo. Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino ndi kuswana, amafunika anansi amtundu wawo! Ma aquarium apanyumba amakhala ndi nsomba zosachepera 5-6, ndipo zimakhala bwino.
Matenda
Popeza nsomba zam'madzizi sizilekerera kusintha kwamwadzidzidzi pakuuma komanso acidity, chisamaliro chapadera chimayenera kutengedwa ndikusintha kuchokera ku thanki imodzi kupita ku ina. Kudumphira mgawo la Ph kumatsogolera ku kufa mwachangu, kapena kufooka. Wocheperako otocinculus, nthawi zambiri amatha kutenga kachilombo ka mitundu yonse ya majeremusi am'madzi ndi bowa. Nsomba zotsalazo ndizolimba, koma, mwatsoka, sizikhala motalika. Zimachitika kuti zikafika zaka zitatu zimangofa ukalamba.
Pomaliza
Mphaka wa Ototsinklus sucker ndi mseru weniweni wa aquascaping. Otsatira a aquarium iyi akufuna kuyesa biotopu m'matanki omwe ali pafupi momwe angathere: kuchuluka kwa mbewu zamitundu yayitali ndi mawonekedwe. Malo oterewa amakhala ovuta kuti akhalebe aukhondo, ndipo ma otocincluses nthawi zonse amabwera, omwe sangawononge kapangidwe kake. Malo okhala ma Dutch omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mbewu ndipo nthawi zambiri samachita popanda zotsukira. Pomaliza, m'madzimo am'madzi nthawi zonse, nsomba izi zimamvekanso bwino komanso zimasunga dziwe kukhala losavuta popanda kukumba pansi, ndikuyika zinthu mwadongosolo komanso osasokoneza anthu ena.
Mawonekedwe
Catfish iyi idatchedwa kuti makalata amtambo chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mbale zamkati zoteteza. Thupi limakhala lokwera, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mbali. Imafika pamtunda wa 3-5.5 masentimita. Kumbuyo ndikumdima, mbale ndi zachikaso, ndipo pamimba pamayera. M'mphepete mwake pali zingwe zakuda zazitali. Zipsepse ndi mafelemu ndizowoneka bwino, zowonekera. Pakamwa ndi kapu yotsekera, maso akulu. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu.
Zochedwa ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri
Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, Ototsinklus amakhala zaka 5-6.
Pali mitundu yoposa 17 ya ma otocinclus omwe amadziwika omwe amagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina wamba. Mitundu yonse ndiyoyenera kusunga mu aquarium. Mitundu yodziwika bwino:
- Ototsinclus affinis kapena wamba (Otocinclus affinis). Mtundu ndi wachikasu, Mzere wa bulauni umadutsa mbali. Pali mawanga a bulauni kumbuyo kwamdima. Zipsepse ndi translucent ndi kubiriwira wobiriwira.
- Zamtundu. Utoto m'miyala ya azitona ndi yachikasu, thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe amizere yochepa, mawanga akuda kumbuyo.
- Arnoldi. Mitundu, yomwe imakumbukira kwambiri za otocyclus, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawanga akuda.
- Maria Zogulitsa sizachilendo. Zoyenera kusunga muzotengera zazing'ono, chifukwa zimakula pafupifupi 2 cm.
Ototsinklusami imafunika madzi oyera ndi otaya mwachangu, amadzaza ndi mpweya. Zabwino kwambiri za nsomba m'magulu 6 aanthu. Mphaka wamtchire, wobadwira mwachilengedwe, amafunikira kuzolowera kwazitali, amakhala osankhika ndi chakudya.
Mitundu ya Otocinclus
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa masanjidwe am'madzi amtunduwu kumafika 18, ochepa okha ndi omwe amatchuka. Mafotokozedwe ake amapezeka m'mabuku apadera.
Koma akatswiri odziwa bwino komanso asodzigudwa am'madzi amasankha mitundu iyi:
- Affinis. Pafupifupi aliyense adamupha. Kupatula apo, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 3-4. Mtundu - siliva wachikasu. M'mphepete muli gawo la bulauni. Zipsepse zonse ndi zowonekera komanso zabiriwira.
- Mphaka wamkaka. Mtundu wamafuta - imvi ya maolivi kapena chikasu. Malo amdima amadziunjikira thupi lonse.
- Arnoldi. Izi subspecies ndizofanana ndi affinis.Koma kumbuyo kwa nsomba zotere kuli malo amtundu wakuda. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino za m'madzi okhaokha.
Tsimikizani nokha asanapite
Musanayambe ntchito yoyambira, ikani nsomba zomwe zangopezeka kumene mu thanki yokhayokha. Gwiritsani ntchito malo okhala opanda nthaka okwanira 30 litre ngati malo okhala. Ngati matendawa sanapezeka mkati mwa masabata 3-4, ikani otocinclus mu malo wamba okhala. Madzi okhala ndi zochepa za peat ndizoyenera kukhala kwaokha. Onjezani methylene buluu yankho popewa. Osamawonjezera mchere, mayankho okhala ndi mkuwa komanso mankhwala ophera tizilomboti kuti timwe madzi, chifukwa otocinclus silivomereza zinthu izi.
Zomwe mungasunge mu aquarium
- Kukula kwa aquarium kumachokera pa malita 60-70. Kupatula apo, otocinclus ndi gulu la anthu pawokha. Ndipo mu tank imodzi mumakhala anthu 6-10. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi amasankha zotengera zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi pansi kwambiri.
- Zomera. Zomera zamtchire, algae zimabzalidwa mu aquarium, miyala yokongoletsera ndi driftwood zimayikidwa. Kupatula apo, nsomba za mphaka zimakonda kukhala ndi zotengera zochuluka. Pakukongoletsa, masamba amtundu, algae, masamba ndi masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Njira yotentha. Muli otocinclus mu aquarium momwe madzi amadziwotcha madigiri 23-27. Kukweza kutentha mpaka madigiri 30 kumakwiyitsa maonekedwe a matenda, kufa kwa nsomba. Heat amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamalira kutentha.
- Kuwala Kwa nsomba zoyenera kuyatsa, zomwe zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent.
- Kukula ndi kusefera. Anthu pawokha samvera bwino pamaso pa dothi, madzi osasunthika. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito ma aerators ndi zosefera zamagetsi pamafunika nthawi ndi nthawi. Kusintha kwamadzi kumachitika tsiku lililonse la 7-10.
Ma compressor ndi zotenthetsera madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovomerezeka. Ndi chithandizo chawo, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa madzi kumasungidwa, kuyenda pang'ono.
Kubala ndi kusamalira mwachangu
Kubwezeretsanso kwa otocinclus kumachitika mwachilengedwe komanso m'madzi am'madzi. Kupatula apo, palibe chifukwa chofunikira kupangira zinthu zapadera. Ndikokwanira kuchita chisamaliro choyenera, kuchita ndikusinthiratu ndi madzi mu thanki.
Masewera olimbitsa thupi amachitika asanatulutse. Nthawi imeneyi, kusamvana pakati pa amuna kumawonedwa. Catfish imatha kubereka mtundu kapena nkhokwe wamba. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi amalimbikitsa kupatulira nkhosazo kuti zazikazi zizituluka m'malo abata.
Kutulutsa mkaka kwambiri kumayambira panthawi pomwe mutu wa mkazi umakanikizidwa pamimba ya munthu wamwamuna. Kenako yaikaziyo imaponyera mazira pachakacho pathanthwe kapena mwala womwe banjali linakonzekereratu. Nthawi yakucha ndiyambira masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Clutch imaphatikizapo mazira 120-150.
The mwachangu zimawonekera masiku 3-4. Chotengera chokha chimawakonzera, chomwe chimakhala chotalika masentimita 18 mpaka 20. Akuluakulu amachotsedwa pamalo omwe amawoneka, amawasamutsira kumalo osungirako zinyalala wamba.
The mwachangu amadyetsedwa ndi infusoria, microworms, grated yolks. Pang'onopang'ono, mavalidwe apamwamba achisanu, zopangira mapuloteni zimayambitsidwa muzakudya. The mwachangu mwachangu chakudya pa bulauni al bula.
Ziphuphu zimasokoneza wazaka 7-8 zakubadwa.
M'malo a aquarium, omwe amadya mwala amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 6.
Kugwirizana
Ototsinclus ndimtendere. Chifukwa chake, imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, yomwe ndiyochepa kwambiri.
Maofesi amtundu wa nyanja samalimbikitsa kuti pakhale nsomba zamtambo zofanana ndi zotchinga m'mathanki omwewo. Kupatula apo, amatha kuluma kumbali ndi zipsepse za mchira.
Mu tanki imodzi mulibe "okhala" akulu, mwachitsanzo, ma cichlids. Zoonadi, phenotypes zotere zimatsutsa omwe amadya mwala ndikuzidya.
Anthu oyandikana nawo omwe ali osafunikira amaphatikizapo labeo wamitundu iwiri. Kupatula apo, ma labeos ndi catfish nthawi zonse amagawa gawo. Chifukwa cha izi, ndewu, kuvulala kumadza.
Anthu osankhidwa osagwirizana nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zowonongeka, matenda ndi fungus. Chifukwa chake, musanakhale pamtunda wamadzimadzi, kuyanjana ndi phenotypes kosiyanasiyana kumaganiziridwa.
Ototsinkllyus algae amadya - motile anthu. Amatsuka matanki osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Monga chakudya, amagwiritsa ntchito algae yofiirira komanso yobiriwira, yomwe imafalikira m'makoma achombo, zinthu zokongoletsera ndi snags.