Dianema (Dianema Longibavbus wautali wamakungwa) * Vertebrates

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Dianema wautali wamakungwa (wamkuwa)Dianema Longibavbus) yogawidwa m'chigwa cha Amazon cha Mato Grosso dera. Imafika kutalika kwa 8-9 cm.

Thupi limakhala lokwera, lalitali, lozungulira. Kutengera ndi momwe zimakhalira m'madzimo, mtunduwo umasintha kuchoka pa bulauni mpaka kumaso lamkuwa. Zipsepazo ndi zazikulu, zopangidwa kwambiri, zopakidwa utoto wachikasu. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi malo ang'onoang'ono akuda, omwe mkatikati mwa thupi amaphatikizana ndi mzere wamdima wakuda. Maso ndi akulu, ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, iris ndi lalanje. Pakamwa pansipa, lokwera kwambiri kutsogolo, kumatha ndi awiriawiri a anangula kutalika kwa 3-3.5 cm.awiri imodzi ndi yopingasa, ina imalunjikidwa kunsi. Dianema yokhala ndi masamba ataliitali imakhala ndi miyeso yayikulu yomwe ili m'mizere iwiri, yomwe imasinthana mkati mwa thupi. Mimba yamatoni opepuka, panthawi yopereka zokongola, imakhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje. Monga nthumwi zonse za banja la nkhono zam'madzi, ma dianems nthawi ndi nthawi amadzuka pamwamba pamadzi ndikumeza mpweya wamlengalenga. Chizindikiro cha mitunduyo ndi kuthekera kozizira mosasunthika m'mphepete mwa madzi, ndikupitilirabe modekha. Amatha kusungidwa m'matanthwe okhala ndi mitengo yambiri komanso mitundu yaying'ono ya nsomba. Pankhani ya chakudya, ma dianemas ndi opanda chidwi, amadya mofatsa ndi mitundu yonse ya chakudya, koma amakonda mitundu yamagazi, yomwe imachotsedwa mosavuta. Pokonza ndikusintha madzi gwiritsani ntchito kuuma kwa madzi mpaka 18 °, pH 6.8-7.2 ndi kutentha 23-27 ° C.

Kutambalala kumapangitsidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi mumadzi, kuwonjezereka kwamadzi abwino, ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga. Wamphongo amamanga chisa chaching'ono pansi pa pepala loyandama kapena chidutswa cha chithovu cha polystyrene, pomwe mazira achikazi amatulutsa mazira achikasu 150-250. Mazirawo akamakula, amasintha mtundu wawo kukhala imvi. Milandu yofalikira imadziwika pomwe caviar idatsekedwa mpaka pansi. Kudyetsa mwachangu ndi nkhuku zina. Ndikofunikira m'masabata oyamba, kusanachitike kuoneka kwa luso la mwachangu kumeza mpweya wamlengalenga, kuyang'anira madzi abwino. Bronze Dianema amakula ali ndi zaka chimodzi.

Dianema wautali makungwa (mkuwa) = Dianema longibarbis Cope, 1872

Dianema wautali kapena wamkuwa amakhala ku South America. Dera lake mwachidziwikire limakhala ndi Mtsinje wa Mato Grosso, womwe umadutsa ku Brazil.

Kutalika kwa thupi la dianema wokhala ndi mpala wautali mpaka masentimita 9. Thupi lozungulira mozungulira, lalitali mwamphamvu, kutsogolo kumathera ndi kumeza kooneka ngati foloko. Pakamwa pake pamunsi, pamilomo yokhazikika bwino ndipo imapangidwa ndi awiriawiri azizitali zazitali. Zipsepse zopangidwa bwino zimapakidwa utoto wamatumbo achikasu. Mtundu wautoto kuchokera kwa bulauni pang'ono mpaka bronze. Malo ang'onoang'ono amdima omwazikana thupi lonse amapanga mzere wowonongeka. Maso akulu okhala ndi iris iris, komanso mafoni kwambiri.

Thupi limakutidwa ndi masikelo akuluakulu ngati matailosi ndipo limakonzedwa mizere iwiri. Mimba imakhala ndi mtundu wowala, koma ikakondwera, imayamba kuzimiririka, ndipo imayamba kukhala ya bulauni.

Kugonana kwamanyazi ndi kofooka. M'nyengo yakukhwima yokha ndi pomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa yaimuna yomwe imakonzekera kutuluka.

Pokonza dianema yokhala ndi nthito yayitali, malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 50 ndi oyenera. Madziwo amatha kubzalidwa ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kupatula mitundu yomwe ili ndi masamba osanjika bwino. Pamafunika malo osungira madzi am'madzi, komanso malo omwe nsomba zimatha kusambira momasuka. Magawo a madzi pazomwe zili: kuuma mpaka 18 °, pH pafupifupi 7.0, kutentha 23-27 ° С. Kuchepetsa ndi kuthandizira kumafunikira, komanso kusintha kwa sabata mpaka 30% ya buku lamadzi.

Dianema wautali-wamakongole - mtundu wamtendere, wotsogolera gulu la moyo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mukasambira, dianema yokhala ndi masamba aatali nthawi zambiri imawuma m'malo mwake, pambuyo pake imapitiliza ngati kuti palibe chomwe chachitika. Anthu oyandikana nawo mu aquarium amatha kukhala amtundu uliwonse, ma dianems samakhudza ngakhale achinyamata a viviparous cyprinids.

Kudyetsa dianema wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali kuyenera kukhala mitundu yambiri yozizwitsa komanso yophatikiza.

Kupangira dianema wautali wamkati, malo am'madzi pafupifupi malita 60 akufunika. Amadziwika kuti kuwaza kumapangidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga, komanso kukwera kwakukulu kwa gawo komanso kusintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa madzi osachepera 50%. Kufalikira kawiri. Pakutuluka, mazirawo amadzaza mazira pachinsalu chachikulu choyandama pamadzi, chomwe chimatha m'malo mwa chitho kapena pepala la pulasitiki. Kutentha mu aquarium kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 2-4 ° C. Caviar amakula mkati mwa maola 70-120. Zakudya zoyambirira za mwachangu: zooplankton, yaying'ono-chakudya, zophatikiza pamodzi.

Mawonekedwe

Dianem wokhala ndi masamba ataliitali amakula mpaka 10 cm. Mtundu waukulu umachokera ku beige wopepuka kupita pamtundu wofiira. Pali mawanga amdima akuthupi omwe amapanga mzere wautali pakati pa thupi ndi mizere yopatuka kuchoka pamenepo. Zipsepse zake zowoneka bwino, zachikaso zachikasu, kunyezimira kumada. Kugonana kwamisala sikudziwikiratu, amuna amakhala ndi miyendo ingapo yapamwamba kwambiri ya zipsepse zamakutu, ndizochepa thupi kuposa zazikazi.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Brian Dianema ndi wosasamala chakudyacho, amavomereza mitundu yotchuka ya youma, yozizira komanso yamoyo. Chofunikira ndichakuti ayenera kumenyedwa ndi kumira, koma pakapita nthawi, nsomba zachikulire zimatha kudya pansi.

Ma aquarium a malita 100 ndi okwanira gulu laling'ono la catfish. Chojambulachi chimagwiritsa ntchito gawo la mchenga wofewa, mizu yokhala ndi mizu yoyandama, malo okhala mosiyanasiyana monga snags, mizu kapena nthambi za mitengo, kapena zinthu zina zokongoletsa. Madzi amoyo ali ndi ma pic acid ochepa mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kuteteza madzi kwa pafupifupi tsiku limodzi ndikuwathira m'madzi.
Mwambiri, mphaka siziwoneka bwino kwambiri komanso amatha kusintha bwinobwino, chifukwa, zikasungidwa pamodzi ndi nsomba zina, momwe zimakhalira zimakhazikitsidwa.
Kukonzanso kwa aquarium kumachepetsedwa kuyeretsa kwadothi kuchokera kuzinthu zowonongeka ndi kusinthidwa kwa sabata kwa gawo lamadzi (10-15% ya voliyumu) yatsopano.

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Nsomba zamtendere zokhazikika zomwe zimakhala zotetezeka ngakhale zazing'onozing'ono zam'madzi. Zimayenda bwino ndi nthumwi za fauna za Amazonia, monga tetras, cichlids waku South America, corfish corridge ndi ena. Palibe mikangano ya intraspecific yomwe yapezeka. Dianema yamaaka yayitali imatha kusungidwa payekhapayekha komanso pagulu. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti m'dera la abale anu mumachitika zambiri.

Kuswana / kuswana

Kulera ana kunyumba ndizovuta, koma ndizotheka. Chovuta chachikulu ndikutsatira zachilengedwe, nsomba zamtchire zimayamba ndi nyengo yamvula chilimwe. Komabe, kwina ku South America, nthawi yachilimwe imagwera miyezi yosiyanasiyana, iyi ndi Juni - August kumpoto kwa equator, ndipo Disembala - February kale kumwera kwa equator. Kupendekera kwamtchire kumayandikira kwa abale ake, kutanthauza kuti, m'badwo wonse wachitatu kapena wachinayi womwe udatengedwa ukapolo, kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zakunja.
Malangizo othandizira kubereka Dianema wamisala yayitali ndikusintha kosavuta kwa madzi mwa kuwonjezera madzi ozizira kwambiri kwa masiku angapo ndikuphatikizidwa kwa chakudya chamoyo muzakudya. Kutentha kumatsitsidwa mpaka 23-24 ° C ndikusungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa kutulutsa.
Kuyamba kwa nyengo yakukhwima kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi mimba yowonjezereka - uyu ndi mkazi, wotupa kuchokera ku ng'ombe. Chifukwa chake posachedwa muyenera kuyembekezera kuterera, kuyang'anira bwino mayendedwe am'madzi, ndipo mazira akaonekera, nthawi yomweyo ayikeni mu thanki yosiyana yokhala ndi zofanana kuti asakhale nsomba zina ndi makolo awo.

Matenda a nsomba

Cholinga chachikulu cha matenda ambiri ndi malo osayenera komanso chakudya chosakwanira. Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira zapezeka, muyenera kuwunika magawo am'madzi ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zoopsa zamagetsi (ammonia, nitrites, nitrate, zina), ngati kuli kofunikira, bweretsani zomwezo mwazowonjezera ndipo pokhapokha pitani ndi chithandizo. Kuti mumve zambiri pazizindikiro ndi chithandizo, onani gawo la Aquarium Fish Diseases.

Zoyenera kumangidwa

Omangidwa m'magulu am'mizinda yayitali. Itha kusungidwa mu malo osungira anthu wamba okhala ndi zimbudzi ndi nthula zomwe zimapangitsa malo kucha. Magawo a madzi: kutentha 22-8 ° C, kuuma kwa 5-20 ° dH, pH 6-7.5.

Ma dianemato okhala ndi mivi yayitali ndi nsomba zokonda mtendere, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'magulu m'madzi ndi pansi. Pofunafuna chakudya, amasaka dothi, atha kudziwikanso pamantha. Mwachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizana ndi mitundu yofananira - chingwe chokhala ndi tayala dianema (Dianema urostriatum).

Chakudya: moyo, malo.

Dianema bronze, dianema wautali wokhala ndi masamba, dianema longibarbis (Dianema longibarbis)

Dianema bronze, dianema wautali wokhala ndi masamba, dianema longibarbis (Dianema longibarbis) amakhala m'chigwa cha Amazon (Peru ndi Brazil). Imasungidwa kumtunda kwa malo osungira komanso nyanja zoyenda pang'onopang'ono pansi.

Danema yamkuwa ili ndi thupi lokhazikika, likupendekera mpaka kumapeto. Mbiri yakumbuyo koyambirira kwa dorsal fin imapanga angle angle. Pa thupi la dianema pali mizere iwiri ya mafupa, omwe amawateteza ku adani. Phokosolo ndi lakuthwa, ndi awiriawiri a tinyanga. Pali mafuta. Mtundu wawukulu wa thupi umakhala kuchokera pang'onopang'ono mpaka pamtundu wofiirira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima angapo ndikupanga mzere wautali pakati pa thupi, ndikuzungulira mizere yopatuka kuchokera pamenepo. Zipsepse zake zowoneka bwino, zachikaso zachikasu, kunyezimira kumada. Kutalika kwake, dianem yamkuwa imakula mpaka 8 cm.

Kugonana kwamisala sikudziwikiratu, amuna amakhala ndi miyendo ingapo yapamwamba kwambiri ya zipsepse zamakutu, ndizochepa thupi kuposa zazikazi.

Dianema ndi nsomba ya mkuwa komanso yophunzitsa. Kugwira ntchito masana ndi madzulo. Amasungidwa m'madzi am'munsi komanso apakati. Pofufuza chakudya, imakonza dothi mwachidwi, ndi mantha ikhoza kuyika mutu wake mmenemo. Imapuma mwa kumeza mpweya wamlengalenga, chifukwa chake imakwera m'mwamba nthawi zonse pamadzi.

Bran dianema imasungidwa mu aquarium wamba kuchokera pa 80 cm kutalika ndi dambo lozungulira, mchenga osiyanasiyana kuchokera kumiyala ndi m'nkhokwe za mbewu zomwe zimapanga malo Kusintha, kuchuluka ndi kubwezeretsa sabata iliyonse kwa 20% ya kuchuluka kwa madzi kumafunika.

Zimakhala bwino ndi nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi zamtendere. Kuti isunge bronze dianema, Aquarium yotalikirapo 80 cm ndiyabwino, pansi pomwe mchenga wozungulira umayalidwa ngati dothi. Nthaka za zomera za m'madzi zotchedwa aquarium ndizofunikira, ndikupanga mthunzi m'malo, ndi pobisalira kuchokera ku mashonje ndi miyala.

Bronze Dianema amadya chakudya chamoyo ndi zina. Chakudyacho chimatenga madzi onse, komanso kuchokera pamwamba. Chakudya chimaperekedwa mumdima.

Kutulutsa kwa bronze dianema kumatha kuchitika ponseponse komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 50 kapena kuposerapo. Gawo laling'ono ndi chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba ambiri oyandama pamwamba kapena pulasitiki disk (pulasitiki) yokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 20 cm, okhazikika mwanjira ina pamadzi. Kuti zitheke, ndikofunikira kubzala gulu la nsomba lokhala ndi akazi ambiri. Kutambalala kumakhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga, kutsika kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi 2-4 ° C, kuwonjezera kwa madzi abwino komanso kuchepa kwa madzi. Wamphongo amamanga chisa chofowoka pomwe chachikazi chimayikira mazira achikasu 150 mpaka 600 a 1.5mm. Wamphongo amasamalira mazira ndipo salola kuti nsomba zina zisamere.

Nthawi zina zamphongo zimayamba kudya caviar, ndiye kuti gawo lapansi lokhala ndi caviar ndibwino kusamutsa ku chidebe china. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 5. Pambuyo pa tsiku linanso, mwachangu amayamba kusambira ndikudya. Kuyambira poyambira: nauplii artemia ndi ma rotifers. Masiku oyamba mwachangu amasamala kwambiri kupezeka kwa mapuloteni m'madzi ndi kutentha pang'ono, amakonda kuzunzidwa pafupipafupi ndi nkhungu za bowa, zomwe zimatha kupha nsomba. Izi zitha kupewedwa mwa kusefa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito kaboni yodziyambitsa, kuwonjezera methylene buluu (5 mg / l) ndikukhalabe kutentha kosalekeza (24-27 ° C). Popita nthawi, chiwopsezo cha mwachangu cha zotsatira zoyipa chimachepetsedwa pang'ono.

Bronze Dianema amafika kutha msinkhu wazaka 1-1.5.

Banja: Armfish Catfish, kapena Callichthic Catfish (Callichthyidae)
Zoyambira: Amazon River Basin (Peru ndi Brazil)
Kutentha kwamadzi: 21-25
Chinyezi: 6.0-7.5
Kuuma: 5-20
Zigawo za malo okhala: apakati, otsika

Dianema longibarbis

Longanired dianem kapena dianema longibarbis, kapena bronze dianem - Nsomba yotchuka yam'madzi. Mphaka wam'madzi uyu amakhala ku South America m'madzi okhala ndi madzi pang'ono pang'ono komanso pansi. Amasungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono mwachilengedwe, motero ndikofunikira kugula nsomba imodzi kapena gulu la michira ya 3-6. Popeza ili ndi nsomba yamanyazi, malo angapo osungirako ayenera kuperekedwa pakapangidwe ka aquarium. Kwa gulu la ma dianes, ma aqua okhala ndi malita 100 kapena kupitilirapo ndi koyenera. Zimatenga chakudya chodalirika komanso chophatikiza.

Dera: Kumpoto kwa South America - Peru, Brazil (Amazon river basin).
Habitat: matupi amadzi ndi nyanja ndiyopang'onopang'ono, mitsinje yamatchire achikazi ndi nyanja zomwe zili ndi matope pansi. Nsomba zimamatira m'malo omwe zawonongeka ndi zomera zam'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kufotokozera: zolimbitsa thupi pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono kukokoloka mpaka kumapeto. Phokoso lake ndi lakuthwa ndi awiriawiri a tinyanga ataliitali totambasulidwa. Maso okhala ndi iris iris, yayikulu, yam'manja. Mzere wakumbuyo umakwera mpaka kumapeto kwa dorsal, ndipo umatsikira ku caudal makamaka kwambiri. Pali mafuta. Pakati pa adipose ndi dorsal fin, pali kukula kwamafupa anayi - mbale. Komanso, zotuluka zoterezi zimakhala mkati mwa thupi. Malipiro a caudal ndi amitundu iwiri. Dianema amapuma mwa kumeza mpweya wamlengalenga, kotero imakonda kukwera pamwamba pamadzi.
Mtundu: kuchokera ku beige yowala kupita pabuka. Malo ambiri amdima amwazika thupi lonse, omwe amapanga mzere wautali pakati pa thupi ndi mizere yopatuka kuchoka pa iyo. Zipsepse zake zowoneka bwino, zachikaso zachikasu, kunyezimira kumada. Mimba imakhala yopepuka, chisangalalo chimadetsedwa, ndikuyera.
Kukula: mpaka 7-10 cm.
Kutalika kwa moyo: mpaka zaka 5-8.

Wamng'ono

Aquarium: mitundu kapena wamba.
Makulidwe: voliyumu kuchokera 50-100 l ndi kutalika kwa 80-120 cm kwa gulu la ma diways.
Madzi: dH 2-20 °, pH 6-7.5, kusefedwa kwamphamvu, sabata iliyonse amasintha mpaka 20-30% yamadzi.
Kutentha: 22-25 ° C.
Zowunikira: kusokoneza, kufooka.
Dothi: mchenga wowuma.
Zomera: Nthomba zazomera zokhala ndi masamba yayitali zikufikira pamadzi ndikupanga mthunzi. Popeza nsomba za mphaka zimakumba dothi kwambiri, ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu m'miphika ya dongo, ndikuziyika mozungulira m'mphepete mwa aquarium.
Dongosolo: Driftwood, miyala, mapanga, grotto, zipolopolo, mapaipi a PVC ndi malo ena obisalamo.

Kudyetsa: amadyedwe amoyo ndi ophatikizika amatengedwa m'madzi am'madzi. Chakudya chimaperekedwa mumdima.

Khalidwe: m'chilengedwe amasungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. M'malo am'madzi, mutha kuzisunga zokha kapena pagulu la nsomba 3-6. Pofunafuna chakudya, dothi la m'madzi limatakasuka mwachangu. Nsomba zimagwira masana komanso madzulo.
Khalidwe: yamtendere, yamanyazi. Mukamayeretsa madzi am'madzi, amphaka amayamba kuthamanga ndipo nthawi zambiri amapukusa mitu yawo pansi.
Dera lamadzi: pakati ndi pansi pamadzi.
Chitha kukhala ndi: nsomba zamtendere (ma characins ang'ono ndi apakati, ma cichlids amtali, makonde, loricaria catfish).
Sangakhale ndi: nsomba zazikulu komanso zankhanza.

Kulima nsomba: m'madzi am'madzi amaoneka ngati ovuta. Kubowola kwa mpweya (nsomba 4-6 zomwe zimakhala ndi predominance ya akazi) zimachitika ponse pawiri komanso m'malo ena owundana.
Ngati sizotheka kuweta nsomba mumtsinje wamba, zimapatsidwa nyengo "zowuma" ndi "chonyowa". Kumayambiriro kwa "nyengo yadzuwa" kutsitsa madzi, kwezani kutentha mpaka 28 ° C, muchepetse nsomba zomwe zili m'gululi kwa milungu ingapo. Mutha kuchotsa fyuluta ndikuwonjezera kuwuma kwamadzi. Kuwonjezeka kwa mankhwala achilengedwe ndi mchere wosungunuka m'madzi kumalumikizidwa ndi nyengo "youma" kuthengo.Pakupita milungu ingapo, madziwo amayamba kukwera (akumasintha madzi mpaka 30-50%), pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira (2-4 ° C kutsika kuposa aquarium), ndipo nsomba zimayamba kudyetsedwa mokwanira. Fyuluta imayikidwa mu aquarium, ndipo ngati madzi ayuma, m'malo mwake mumapangidwa zofewa (ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi omwe amapezeka pamalo omwe timasinthira osmosis). Kutsitsa mphamvu yam'mlengalenga kumathandizanso kuwonekera. Kubzala aquarium ndi voliyumu ya 60 l, mbewu zamtchire zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba ambiri (mwachitsanzo, nymphaeum) zomwe zimayandama pamwamba pamadzi, kapena chimba cha pulasitiki chokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 20 cm, okhazikika mwanjira ina pamadzi. Pansi pa masamba, champhongo chimamanga chisa cha chithovu, kenako chimasamalira mazira osaloledwa kuti chisa china chisakhale ndi chisa.

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi: Wamphongo ali ndi mikondo yotalika kwambiri ya zipsepse za patisiti, ndi yocheperapo kuposa chachikazi (ali ndi mimba yathunthu).
Kutha msinkhu: amapezeka wazaka 1-1.5.
Chiwerengero cha caviar: 150-600 mazira achikasu ndi awiri a 1.5 mm.
Nthawi yomwe makulitsidwe: 4-5 masiku.
Chomera: m'masiku oyamba amoyo, dianemia mwachangu amasamala kwambiri kupezeka kwa mapuloteni m'madzi, kutsika kwa kutentha ndipo amakonda kugwidwa ndi nkhungu. Chifukwa chake, caviar ikayamba kuzizira, imasinthidwa kukhala chofungatira, m'madzi momwe timylene buluu (5 mg / l) imayambitsidwa, ndipo kutentha kosasintha kumakhalabe (24-27 ° C). Mwachangu kusambira tsiku lachiwiri. Magawo amadzi a aquarium yomwe ikukula: pH 7, dH 8-10 °, dKH mpaka 2 °, kusefa madzi kudzera mwa kabokosi wokhazikitsa, pafupipafupi mpaka 40-50% ya buku lamadzi.
Kudyetsa ana: chakudya choyambitsa - artemia, ozungulira.
Kuchoka kwa makolo: atamera, chachikazi chibzalidwe, champhongo chimabzalidwa pomwe mwachangu chimayamba kufalikira kuchokera pachisa.

Ndemanga: posambira, dianema yautali wautali imakonda kumera.

DIANEMA BRONZE kapena DIANEMA LONGIBARBIS (Dianema longibarbis)

Nsomba zimakhala ndi thupi lokwera pang'ono. Mutu watchulidwa. Kuzungulira pakamwa pali awiriawiri azovala zazing'ono. Mtundu wa nsombazo umatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pamtengo wamtengo wapatali mpaka wamafuta. Thupi lonse limakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga amdima, ndikupanga mzere wautali mkati mwa thupi ndi mizere yopingasa yochokera pamenepo pang'ono. Mimba ndi yopepuka. Panthawi yomwe ikukula komanso mutasangalala, m'mimba mumakhala mdima ndipo mumakhala mtundu wa bulauni. Zipsepse zonse ndizowonekera chikasu. Amuna ndi ochepa thupi poyerekeza ndi achikazi, amakhala ndi miyendo italiitali ya zipsepse. Pansomba ya nsomba pali mizere iwiri yaminyewa yakuthwa, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida kuchokera kwa adani. Pansi pa malo a aquarium, dianema longibarbis amakula mpaka 8-9 masentimita.

Mtendere wamkuwa wamkuwa, sukulu ya nsomba. Nsomba imakhala ndi moyo wambiri nthawi yamadzulo komanso masana. Nsomba zimasambira makamaka m'munsi mwa madzi am'madzi. Dianemas amasunthira dothi mwamphamvu kwambiri podyetsa, ndipo ngati atachita mantha angathe kukumba mokwanira. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa mukabzala mbeu zomwe zibzalidwe miphika zadongo. Nsomba zimatha kusungidwa zonse zomwe zimapezeka mumtchire komanso m'madzi ambiri momwe mumakhala nsomba zamtendere zina zofanana. Chifukwa choti nsomba zimapuma mpweya wakulengalenga, nthawi zonse zimayandama pamwamba pamadzi kuti zimame mpweya wochepa.

Kuti musunge dianema ya Longibarbis, muyenera ngalande yokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 80. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena miyala yoyera yabwino ngati dothi. Nthaka siyenera kukhala ndi m'mbali lakuthwa kuti nsombazo zisawononge pakamwa pawo ndi thupi, kutola ndi kukumba. Aquarium iyenera kubzalidwa mozungulira mozungulira ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba yayitali kufikira pamwamba pamadzi ndikupanga mthunzi. Pansi pake, ndikofunikira kuyika mabowo akuluakulu ndi malo okhala ndi miyala ndi grottoes, momwe nsomba zimatha kubisala.

Magawo amadzi ayenera kukwaniritsa izi: kutentha 22-26 ° C, kuuma dH 2-20 °, acidity pH 6.2-7.5. Aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi fyuluta yamadzi yogwira ntchito kwambiri. Komanso mukusintha masabata? magawo amadzi am'madzi.

Nsomba zimadyetsedwa zakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuphatikiza. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa mumdima, ndiye kuti nsomba sizimachita manyazi komanso sizimayambitsa dothi.

Bronze Dianem amakula msinkhu wazaka 1-1,5.

Pakukutira, malo okhala ndi madzi okhala ndi malita 50 kapena kupitilira (kwa nsomba imodzi) ndi koyenera. Pakati pa malo okhala m'madzi, tchire lalikulu limabzalidwa ndi masamba akutali kwambiri omwe amafikira pamadzi ndikuyandama pamwamba pake. M'malo mwake, pamaso pa malo oyenera, kupatsirana kumatha kuchitika mu aquarium. Magawo am'madzi m'malo owundana amayenera kufanana ndi magawo omwewo ndi momwe nsomba zimasungidwira. Kutulutsa, ndikwabwino kutenga gulu la nsomba zisanu zomwe ndizodzala zazikazi.

Chomwe chimakulimbikitsani kufalikira ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga, kuwonjezera kwa 1/3 yamadzi oyera, komanso kuchepa kwa mulingo wake. Asanakhazikike, yaimuna imamanga chisa chithovu kumbuyo kwa tsamba la chomera, pambuyo pake chachikazi chimasesa mazira pafupifupi 200-600 pomwepo. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mkazi amawaza mazira pachinthu chilichonse chomwe chili pafupi ndi chisa. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, wamkazi amatengedwa, ndipo yamphongo imasiyidwa kuti isamalire mazira.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti kuwuma kwa Longibarbis dianema kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zingapo zamaproteni m'madzi, komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwapafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera methylene buluu pamlingo wa 5 mg / l pamadzi ndipo osalola kuti kutentha kwa madzi kudutsa kupitirira 24-27 ° C.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa bronze dianema mu aquarium nyengo ndi zaka 5-8.

Dianem wautali kapena Bronze Dianem

Dzinalo. Dianema Dianema

Dianema longibarbis (Wokongola kwambiri, kapena Bronze Dianema)

Dianema urostriatum (Wotulutsa Dianema)

Banja. Callichtov, kapena armored catfish (callichthyidae).

pH: 6,8 — 7,2 / 6.0 — 7,2

dH: 5 — 18° / 17 — 20°

Kutentha kwamadzi: 23 - 27 ° C / 20 - 28 ° C

Mawonekedwe a Aquarium: zopitilira 100 za gulu la zidutswa 5-6

Habitat mphaka dianem madamu amadzi amchere ku Peru ndi Brazil. Amakonda malo am'madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono, komanso nyanja ndi maiwe okhala ndi mabotolo osungunuka, pomwe mthunzi wa masamba am'madzi ungagwere. Mitundu "Dianema" imaphatikizapo chilichonse mitundu iwiri: Dianema longibarbis (ngodya yayitali kapena yamtundu wa bronze) ndi Dianema urostriatum (wamizeremizere wamiyala). Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kukhala ndi khungwa lalitali kuli ponseponse m'dera la Mato Grosso r. Mazoni a Amazonia, omwe amakhala ndi mizera, ndiofala kwambiri m'madzi omwe amakhala kumanzere, Rio Negro.

Mu chilengedwe, kudulira kumachitika ndi masamba oyandama a mbewu. Mukamabzala mu aquarium mwazolinga izi, nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsa ntchito mapulateni apulasitiki okonzedweratu pansi kapena pepala la nymphaea. Amuna amamanga zisa zonyansa ndipo amasamala mazira mosamala, kuti nsomba zina zisatuluke. Chomwe chingakulimbikitseni kuti muyambe kufalikira chidzakhala kuchepa kwa madzi mumadzi ndi kuwonjezera kwa madzi ambiri, komanso kuchepa kwa kuthinitsidwa kwa m'mlengalenga.

Dianema wautali wamakungwa (bronze) - Dianema longibarbis (Cope, 1872) - Ili ndi thupi losalala, lozungulira mpaka 9cm kukula kwake (wojambulidwa pamwambapa). Kutengera ndi mikhalidwe yakumangidwa, mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku beige wopepuka mpaka mkuwa. Ili ndi zipsepse zazikulu komanso zopangidwa chikasu. Pali mafuta. Thupi limakutidwa ndi mawanga akuda ambiri omwe amaphatikizira mkati mwa thupi, ndikupanga mzere wakuda wakunja. Maso akulu ndi osuntha amakhala amtundu wa lalanje. Pakamwa pocheperapo, yoyendetsedwa molunjika kutsogolo ndipo imamaliza ndi awiriawiri a tinyanga kutalika kwa 3.5 cm, ndi jozi imodzi ikuloza pansi, yachiwiri ndi yopingasa. Mamba awo ndi akulu, thupi limapangidwa m'mizere iwiri, matupi ofanana. Mkati mwa thupi amatembenuka, zomwe zimawoneka bwino. Mimba imakhala yopepuka, nsomba ikagunda, imakhala yofiirira. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa achikazi, okhala ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri ya zipsepse za patisiti. Mwa amuna akuluakulu, mzere wam'mimba umakhala wowongoka.

Bronze Dianema, dianema longibarbis

Kuti musunge nsomba zamatumbu, mumafunikira ngalande yokhala ndi masentimita 80, muyenera kuyisunga mu gulu. Zomwe zili mu aquarium wamba okhala ndi mitundu yofanana ya nsomba zamtendere zomwezo ndizololedwa. Mbali yodziwika ndi kuthekera kozizira mosasunthika mumtsinje wamadzi, ndipo pakapita kanthawi pang'ono ma dianems amapitiliza kusambira mwamtendere. Pamafunika malo okhala ndi ngodya zabwino. Madzi a peat, ofewa, apakati olimba.

Banja la carapace shellfish limapuma mpweya wam'mlengalenga ndipo ma dianem amasinthanso, nthawi zambiri amayenda pansi pamadzi kuti apeze mpweya wabwino. Kuchepetsa ndi kusanja madzi kofunikira kudzafunika. Kusintha kwa sabata la ¼ voliyumu ya aquarium ndikofunikira. Nthaka idzafunika miyala yofewa (mchenga kapena miyala yabwino), chifukwa ngakhale akusamalira madzi am'madzi, nsomba zimachita mantha ndikuyesera kukumba. Komanso, nsomba zimasokoneza dothi pomadyetsa. Kudyetsa chakudya chamoyo komanso chophatikiza. Makamaka mumdima.

Dianema urostriata (Ribeiro, 1912) ali ndi thupi lopindika kuzungulira 10-12 cm, lomwe limatha ndi chitsulo chachikulu chomaliza (pachithunzi pansipa). Pafupi ndi lobe pali chingwe chakuda chomwe chimatuluka pachitsotso cha mchira. Pa masamba onse awiri mchira, mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera ndi yakuda idutsa. Zimapezeka mozungulira. Zitsamba zotsalira zimapakidwa mu kamvekedwe ka thupi - khungu lofiirira. Ma urostriate dianema ali ndi tinyanga 4 tosunthika tokhala pamlomo wapamwamba ndi m'makona amkamwa. Kutalika kwa tinyanga ndi 1/3 ya kukula kwa thupi. Maso ndi akulu, mafoni. Mimba yaikazi imakhala yodzaza kuposa yaimuna. Khalidwe la nsomba ndi lamtendere, gulu. Amakhala bwino mu malo wamba okhala ndi oimira ma characinids ndi ma cyprinid. Amayendayenda nthawi zonse, akumva ndi tinyanga tawo ngodya zobisika kwambiri za pansi pamadzi ndikugwedeza nthaka. Kukongola kwa dianema yamiyala yopepuka kumakhala kwapamwamba kuposa zamkuwa. Mikhalidwe yam'madzi ndi yofanana ndi ya dianema yamkuwa.

Dianema wokhala ndi zingwe, dianema urostriatum

Kufotokozera

Dianema longibarbis ndi wa banja la nkhata zankhondo, wokhala ndi thupi lalitali, lomwe pang'onopang'ono limafikira kumapeto. Mzere wakumbuyo koyambira koyambirira kwa dorsal fin umapanga angle angle. Mizere iwiri yamatumbo a mafupa amapezeka thupi la dianema, lomwe limapatsa nsombazo chitetezo chodalirika kwa adani. Phokosolo likuwonetsedwa, awiriawiri a tinyanga.

Pali mafuta. Mtundu woyambira wa thupi umachokera ku beige wopepuka kupita pofiyira wokhala ndi mawanga amdima angapo omwe amapanga gawo lalitali pakati pa thupi. Zingwe zopatuka zimasokera kuchoka ku mzere uku mbali ina. Zipsepse zimakhala zachikaso zachikasu, zowonekera, maudindo awo ndi amdima. Yaimuna ndi yocheperapo kuposa yaikazi, makulidwe amphepoyi ya pectoral ndi yayitali kuposa yaikazi. Kutalika kwa thupi la Longibarbis dianema kuli mpaka 9 cm.

Dianema longibarbis ndi nsomba yamtendere komanso yophunzira. Imagwiranso ntchito masana ndi madzulo. Amakonzekera kukhala m'munsi komanso pakati pamadzi. Nthawi ndi nthawi amasuntha dothi, ndipo ngati lingachite mantha, limathanso kulowa mkati ndi mutu wake. Longibarbis dianema iyenera kusungidwa mu malo wamba otetezedwa 80 cm kapena kupitilira apo, nthaka kuchokera kumchenga wokuzungulira, ambiri pobisalira pamisomali, mbewu zokulirapo zomwe zimapanga malo otetezeka. Madzi amafunikira kukonzanso, kusefera, kusinthanitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi mpaka 1/5 kamodzi pa sabata. Longibarbis amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chamoyo ndi zina.

Madzi okonza: 22-26 ° С, dH 5-20 °, pH 6.0-7.5.

Kuswana

Bronze Dianem amakula msinkhu wazaka 1-1,5.

Caviar imagwiridwa masiku 4-5, ndipo atatha tsiku lina mwachangu amayamba kusambira ndikudya. Izi zikangochitika, zamphongo zimabzalidwe, ndipo mwachangu zimadyetsedwa ndi artemia ndi ma rotator.

ZITHUNZI ZA TARACTUM ZOPHUNZITSIRA MALO A ZITHUNZI.

Machechi-ndevu kapena Bronze Dianema

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Kuswana / kuswana

Kupendekera kwamtchire kumayandikira kwa abale ake, kutanthauza kuti, m'badwo wonse wachitatu kapena wachinayi womwe udatengedwa ukapolo, kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zakunja.

Malangizo othandizira kubereka Dianema wamisala yayitali ndikusintha kosavuta kwa madzi mwa kuwonjezera madzi ozizira kwambiri kwa masiku angapo ndikuphatikizidwa kwa chakudya chamoyo muzakudya. Kutentha kumatsitsidwa mpaka 23-24 ° C ndikusungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa kutulutsa.

Kuyamba kwa nyengo yakukhwima kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi mimba yowonjezereka - uyu ndi mkazi, wotupa kuchokera ku ng'ombe. Chifukwa chake posachedwa muyenera kuyembekezera kuterera, kuyang'anira bwino mayendedwe am'madzi, ndipo mazira akaonekera, nthawi yomweyo ayikeni mu thanki yosiyana yokhala ndi zofanana kuti asakhale nsomba zina ndi makolo awo.

Matenda a nsomba

Nsomba za Shell Catfish South America

Dianema (Dianema longibarbis) ndi nsomba yamadzi oyera kuchokera ku banja la nkhono za nkhanu. Imakula mpaka 9 cm. Kunja, zazikazi sizimasiyana ndi zazimuna. Mukangowunika mwatsatanetsatane mungazindikire kuti anyani amphwayi, ndipo ma ray awo pamipini ya pisonayo adadutsa.

Mwachilengedwe, Dianemas amakhala m'madzi a Amazon. Amakonda kukhala m'malo opanda phokoso omwe amakhala ndi masamba.

Kuswana

Kapangidwe ka malo owunikira kamakhala kwathunthu "pamapewa" amphongo. Pansi pazachilengedwe, amapanga zisa za chithovu pazomera zokulira pansi pamunsi pawo.

Dianema wautali (Dianema longibarbis). M'mizinda yamadzimadzi, pulasitiki yolowa mkati nthawi zambiri imayikidwa, pafupifupi 20 cm.

Akazi a Dianemia amagona pafupifupi mazira 300 (pafupifupi 1.5 mm.). Pambuyo pake, yamphongoyo imakhala woyang'anira chisa.

Dianema amatanthauza nsomba zamkati zooneka ngati chipolopolo.

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mazira, mwini wake wa aquarium adzafunika awasamutsire ku chotengera china. Mmenemo, kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala 24 ° C ndi pH 7.0. Muyeneranso kulabadira zizindikiro za dGH ndi dKH, zomwe ziyenera kukhala motere: 8-10 ° ndi ≥ 2 °.

Madzi mu aquarium ayenera kutayidwa ndi methylene buluu.Mwachangu kuwaswa kuchokera mazira patatha masiku asanu. Ngati m'modzi wa iwo alephera kudutsa chigobacho, mutha kuthandizira pomenya pang'ono nthenga zake za nthenga.

Pofuna kubereka ndi diane, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale njira zina zopopera nsomba. Pambuyo pa tsiku lina, gawo la yolk limalowa kwambiri, ndipo ana ali okonzeka kudya chakudya. Artemia ikakhala yabwino poyamba pomwe.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti m'masiku oyamba amoyo wake, mwachangu amasamalira kwambiri kusintha kulikonse kwachilengedwe. Ndizosatheka kupewa kutsika kwa kutentha, komanso kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni am'madzi. Ndikofunika kusefa madzi kudzera mu kaboni yokhazikitsidwa, ndipo kangapo kangapo, sinthani 50% yamadzi akale kukhala atsopano. Njira zosavuta izi zikuthandizira kuteteza mwachangu anu kuti asakuwonongedwe ndi bowa.

Dianema longibarbus mu aquarium. Mukukula, ana aang'ono amataya chidwi chachikulu, ndipo samayamba kusinthika ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe.

Dianemus ali ndi mawonekedwe osinthika, chifukwa chake amakhala mosavuta ndi nsomba zina. Amatha kukhazikika bwinobwino mu malo wamba okhala. Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Enter.

Pitani ku mndandanda: nsomba za AquariumDianema wautali kapena wamkuwa amakhala ku South America. Dera lake mwachidziwikire limakhala ndi Mtsinje wa Mato Grosso, womwe umadutsa ku Brazil.

Kugonana kwamanyazi ndi kofooka. M'nyengo yakukhwima yokha ndi pomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa yaimuna yomwe imakonzekera kutuluka.

Magawo a madzi pazomwe zili: kuuma mpaka 18 °, pH pafupifupi 7.0, kutentha 23-27 ° С. Kuchepetsa ndi kuthandizira kumafunikira, komanso kusintha kwa sabata mpaka 30% ya buku lamadzi.

Pakutuluka, mazirawo amadzaza mazira pachinsalu chachikulu choyandama pamadzi, chomwe chimatha m'malo mwa chitho kapena pepala la pulasitiki. Kutentha mu aquarium kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 2-4 ° C. Caviar amakula mkati mwa maola 70-120.

Phokosolo ndi lakuthwa, ndi awiriawiri a tinyanga. Pali mafuta. Mtundu wawukulu wa thupi umakhala kuchokera pang'onopang'ono mpaka pamtundu wofiirira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima angapo ndikupanga mzere wautali pakati pa thupi, ndikuzungulira mizere yopatuka kuchokera pamenepo.

Zipsepse zake zowoneka bwino, zachikaso zachikasu, kunyezimira kumada. Kutalika kwake, dianem yamkuwa imakula mpaka 8 cm.

Kugonana kwamisala sikudziwikiratu, amuna amakhala ndi miyendo ingapo yapamwamba kwambiri ya zipsepse zamakutu, ndizochepa thupi kuposa zazikazi.

Dianema ndi nsomba ya mkuwa komanso yophunzitsa. Kugwira ntchito masana ndi madzulo. Amasungidwa m'madzi am'munsi komanso apakati.

Pofufuza chakudya, imakonza dothi mwachidwi, ndi mantha ikhoza kuyika mutu wake mmenemo. Imapuma mwa kumeza mpweya wamlengalenga, chifukwa chake imakwera m'mwamba nthawi zonse pamadzi.

Bronze Dianema amadya chakudya chamoyo ndi zina. Chakudyacho chimatenga madzi onse, komanso kuchokera pamwamba. Chakudya chimaperekedwa mumdima.

Kutambalala kumakhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga, kutsika kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi 2-4 ° C, kuwonjezera kwa madzi abwino komanso kuchepa kwa madzi. Wamphongo amamanga chisa chofowoka pomwe chachikazi chimayikira mazira achikasu 150 mpaka 600 a 1.5mm. Wamphongo amasamalira mazira ndipo salola kuti nsomba zina zisamere.

Kuyambira poyambira: nauplii artemia ndi ma rotifers. Masiku oyamba mwachangu amasamala kwambiri kupezeka kwa mapuloteni m'madzi ndi kutentha pang'ono, amakonda kuzunzidwa pafupipafupi ndi nkhungu za bowa, zomwe zimatha kupha nsomba. Izi zitha kupewedwa mwa kusefa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito kaboni yodziyambitsa, kuwonjezera methylene buluu (5 mg / l) ndikukhalabe kutentha kosalekeza (24-27 ° C).

Bronze Dianema amafika kutha msinkhu wazaka 1-1.5.

Banja: Shell-catfish, kapena Callichthy catfish (Callichthyidae) Chiyambi: Amazon basin (Peru ndi Brazil) Kutentha kwamadzi: 21-25 Chinyezi: 6.0-7.5 Kuuma: 5-20 Habitats: pakati, otsika

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