Mbalame yoyera ngati imeneyi ndiyodziwika bwino kuyambira ali mwana. Kupatula apo, makolo, poyankha funso la mwana: "Ndinachokera kuti", akuti - dokowe wakubweretserani.
Kuyambira kale, dokowe amawoneka kuti amasunga dziko lapansi ku mizimu yoyipa ndi nyama zapadziko lapansi. Ku Ukraine, Belarus ndi Poland, palinso nthano ina yomwe imalongosola komwe nkhumba.
Ikuti Mulungu, pakuwona kuchuluka kwa mavuto ndi zoyipa zomwe zidabweretsa njoka kwa anthu, adaganiza zowononga onse.
Kuti achite izi, anawatenga onse m'thumba, ndipo analamula munthuyo kuti amuponyere mnyanja, kapena amuwotche, kapena apite naye kumapiri atali. Koma mwamunayo anaganiza zotsegula chikwamacho kuti awone zomwe zili mkatimo, natulutsa zonse zofunazo.
Monga chilango chifukwa cha chidwi, Mulungu adasanduliza munthu mbalame ya mbawala ndipo adadzudzula moyo wake wonse kuti atole njoka ndi achule. Kodi ndizowona kuti nkhani zabodza za Asilamu zokhudzana ndi ana omwe abwera ndizotsimikizika kwambiri?
Mawonekedwe a dokowe
Chumba chachikulu kwambiri ndi choyera. Khosi lalitali loyera ngati chipale chofewa limasiyanitsidwa ndi mulomo wofiyira.
Ndipo kumapeto kwa mapiko ake ndi nthenga zakuda kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, mapikowo atakulungidwa, zimawoneka ngati kuti msana wonse wa mbalame ndi wakuda. Miyendo ya dokowe mu mtundu wa mulomo nawonso ndi wofiyira.
Zachikazi kuchokera kwa amuna zimasiyana kukula kwake, koma osati zochuluka. Chikopa choyera kupitirira mita, ndipo mapiko ake ndi 1.5-2 metres. Wachikulire amalemera pafupifupi 4 kg.
M'chithunzichi pali chinzungu choyera
Kuphatikiza pa dokowe yoyera, m'chilengedwe mulinso antipode wake - dokowe wakuda. Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, mtunduwu ndi wakuda.
Kukula kwake, ndizochepa kuposa zoyera. China chilichonse ndichofanana. Mwina pokhapokha pokhapokha ngati malo okhala.
Kuphatikiza apo, dokowe wakuda walembedwa m'mabuku a Red of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan ndi ena.
Dokowe wakuda
Mtundu wina wotchuka, koma kutali ndi wokongola kwambiri, wamtundu wa mtundu wa Stork - mbawala ya marabou. Asilamu amamulemekeza ndikumuwona ngati mbalame yanzeru.
Kusiyana kwake kwakukulu kwa mbawala wamba ndiko kupezeka kwa khungu kumutu ndi khosi, mulomo wokulirapo komanso wamfupi komanso chikwama chachikopa pansi pake.
Kusiyananso kwina ndikuwonetsa kuti marabou samatambasulira khosi lake, imawerama ngati mbalame ya heron.
Pacithunzi-thunzi, mbalame ya marabou
Stork Habitat
Pali mitundu 12 ya banja la agulugufe, koma m'nkhaniyi tikambirana zodziwika bwino - mbawala yoyera.
Ku Europe, madera ake kumpoto amakhala kum'mwera kwa Sweden ndi dera la Leningrad, kum'mawa, Smolensk, Lipetsk.
Amakhalanso ku Asia. Kwa nyengo yozizira imawulukira ku Africa ndi India. Anthu okhala kumwera kwa Africa amakhala kumeneko.
Mbawala zosamukira zimadumphira kumadera otentha m'njira ziwiri. Ndege kumadzulo kumadzulo Gibraltar ndi chisanu ku Africa pakati pa nkhalango ndi chipululu cha Sahara.
Ndipo kuchokera kummawa, abuluzi amawuluka kudutsa ku Israel, akufika ku East Africa. Mbalame zina zimakhala ku South Arabia, Ethiopia.
Pa ndege zamasana, mbalame zimawuluka pamtunda wamtunda, ndikusankha mafunde owoneka oyenera kuwuluka. Yesetsani kuti musawuluke panyanja.
Achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhalabe kumayiko otentha chilimwe chotsatira, chifukwa alibe luso loti aziberekana, ndipo palibe mphamvu yowabwezeretsa kumalo operekera zakudya.
Dokowe yoyera imasankha madambo komanso malo okhala pansi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi munthu.
Mwini chisa dokowe zitha kupanga padenga kunyumba kapena pa chimney. Komanso, anthu sawona izi ngati vuto, m'malo mwake, ngati dokowe adamanga chisa pafupi ndi nyumba, izi zimawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro chabwino. Anthu amakonda mbalamezi.
Denga La Stork Nest
Khalidwe la Stork
Mbawala zoyera zimapanga banja kwa moyo wonse. Kubwerera nyengo yachisanu, amapeza chisa chawo, ndipo amadzipereka kupitiriza mtundu.
Pakadali pano, awiriwa amasungidwa padera. M'nthawi yozizira, ana a nkhanu zoyera amakumana pamagulu akuluakulu, omwe alipo masauzande.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha dokowe chimatchedwa "kuyeretsa."Mbalame ina ikadwala, kapena yofooka kwambiri, imamupha kuti afe.
Choyipa chotere, poyang'ana koyamba, miyambo, makamaka, imapangidwa kuti iteteze zotsala zonse kuti zisatenge matenda ndipo sangalole kuti wamwamuna kapena wamkazi ofooka akhale makolo, potero amasunga thanzi la mitundu yonseyo.
Dokowe yoyera ndi maluwa abwino kwambiri. Mbalamezi zimayenda maulendo ataliatali. Ndipo chimodzi mwazinsinsi zomwe zimawathandiza kuti akhale mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuti mbuluwe pothawa umatha kugona.
Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi umboni wasayansi pakutsata mbalame zosamukasamuka. Chomverera pa chifuwa cha agulu olemba nthawi zina chimakhala chosapumira, chosapumira komanso chosazama.
Ndi mphekesera zokha zomwe zatsala mphindi izi zokha zomwe zimangokulira kuti zimve kulira kwakanthawi komwe anansi ake amapereka panthawi yothawa.
Zizindikiro izi zimamuwuza komwe angayendetsedwe, komwe akuyenera kusankha. Maminiti 10-15 ogona koterowo, mbalame imakwanira kupumula, pambuyo pake zimachitika m'mutu wa "kapangidwe", ndikupereka "magalimoto ogona" omwe ali pakati pa paketi kwa ena omwe akufuna kupuma.
Mbawala kudyetsa
Thumba loyera lomwe limakhala m'madambo komanso m'mapiri limakhazikika pamenepo osati mwa mwayi. Chakudya chake chachikulu ndi achule okhala kumeneko. Maonekedwe awo onse ndi oyenera kuyenda m'madzi osaya.
Miyendo yokhala ndi zala zazitali imapangitsa kuti mbalameyo ikhale yabwino pamtunda wowoneka bwino. Mlomo wautali umathandiza kutulutsa nsomba kuchokera pansi mozama kwambiri - achule, mabulombo, nkhono, nsomba.
Kuphatikiza pa nyama zam'madzi, mbalameyi imadyanso tizilombo, makamaka zazikulu komanso zazikuluzikulu, monga dzombe.
Amasonkhanitsa mphutsi, May kafadala, chimbalangondo. Pazonse, chilichonse ndichopanda kapena kukula kochepa kukula. Makoswe, abuluzi, njoka, njoka sizakana.
Amatha ngakhale kudya nsomba zakufa. Akafuna kugwira, amadya akalulu, timadontho, makoswe, agologolo pansi, nthawi zina ngakhale mbalame zazing'ono.
Pa nthawi ya chakudyacho, mbuna zimayenda modabwitsa pa "tebulo", koma zikaona "mbale" yoyenera imathamangira ndikukatenga mlomo wautali, wolimba.
Kubalanso komanso chiyembekezo chamoyo cha chinkhoswe
Awiri makolo, atafika kumalo odyerako, amapeza chisa chawo ndikuchikonza nthawi yozizira.
Zisa zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Chisa cha banja chitha kulandiridwa ndi ana makolo awo atamwalira.
Amuna akufika mu Marichi-Epulo pang'ono koyambirira kuposa akazi amayembekeza amayi woyembekezera zisa. Mkazi woyamba wokhala pa iye akhoza kukhala mkazi wake kufikira imfa itawalekanitsa.
Kapena mwina ayi - chifukwa aliyense akufuna kupeza mwamuna ndipo osakhalabe mdzakazi wokalamba, kotero akazi amatha kumenyera malo opanda anthu. Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali pa izi.
Awiriwa otsimikiza amaikira mazira oyera 2-5. Kholo lililonse limawalowetsa iwo kwa mwezi wopitilira. Anapiye odulidwa ali oyera ndi oterera, amakula msanga.
Anapiye akuda amphaka mu chisa
Makolo amawadyetsa ndi kuwamwetsa kuchokera pakamwa lalitali, nthawi zina kumamwetsa madziwo, nthawi yanthawi ya kutentha.
Monga mbalame zambiri, pakakhala kusowa chakudya, anapiye ang'onoang'ono amafa. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala, makolowo adzachotsedwa m'chisa kuti apulumutse ana ena onse.
Pakatha mwezi ndi theka, anapiye amayesa kutuluka m'chisa ndikuyesera kuthawa. Ndipo atatha zaka zitatu amakhala okhwima, ngakhale atakhala ndi zaka sikisi zokha.
Izi ndizabwinobwino, poganiza kuti moyo wa dokowe loyera lili pafupifupi zaka 20.
Pali nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi dambo loyera ndi nthano zomwe zanenedwapo, ngakhale kanema adawomberedwa - Kaliphusikomwe munthu adatenga mawonekedwe a mbalameyi. Dokowe woyera anali kulemekezedwa ndi mayiko onse nthawi zonse.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Zinyama zokhala ndi mbewa izi nthawi zonse zimadabwitsanso omwe amakhala nazo pafupi ndi chisomo chawo chodabwitsa: khosi lalitali losunthika, losangalatsa, miyendo yopyapyala yomwe imakweza pamwamba pamtunda, mita ndi yayitali (ngakhale zazikazi ndizocheperako kuposa zazimuna).
Chumba – mbalamewokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, owongoka, wamtali komanso wowongoka. Chovala cha nthenga cha zolengedwa zamphiko zotere sichili ndi mitundu yowala, ndiyoyera ndi zowonjezera zakuda. Zowona, mitundu ina, yakuda imakhala yoyera m'malo oyera.
Mapikowo ndi ochititsa chidwi kukula, otalika pafupifupi mamita awiri. Mutu ndi khosi lalikulu ndizosangalatsa - zopanda maliseche, zopanda thupi, malo ophimbidwa ndi khungu lofiira, nthawi zina zimakhala zachikaso ndi zina, kutengera mitundu.
Miyendo mulibe, ndipo khungu lakelo limakhala lofiira. Zala zamtundu wa mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi utoto zimatha ndi zikhadabo zazing'ono za pinki.
Mbalame zoterezi zimatumizidwa ndi akatswiri ofufuza zam'magulumagulu mogwirizana ndi dongosolo la Ciconiiformes, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti: Ndipo oimira ake onse ali m'gulu lalikulu la agulugufe. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti ndi kukongola kwawo konse, nthumwi zaufumu wokhala ndi tsitsizi mulibe mawu osangalatsa, koma amalumikizana, ndikumadandaula ndi milomo yawo ndikupereka nyimbo.
Mverani mawu a dokowe woyera
Mbalame yanji: osamukira kapena ayi? Zonse zimatengera malo omwe mbalame zotere zimasankha ngati malo okhala. Zamoyo zokongola izi zimapezeka m'malo ambiri a Eurasia. Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri amapita nthawi yozizira kumayiko aku Africa kapena madera akuluakulu a India, omwe ali ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso amadziwika chifukwa cha nyengo yabwino.
Zimachitika kuti agulugufe amasankha malo abwino kum'mwera kwa Asia kuti akakhazikitsidwe. Zomwezi zomwe zimakhala pamayiko otentha, mwachitsanzo, ku Africa kapena South America, sizichita ndege nyengo yachisanu.
Mitundu ya mbalamezi imakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 12. Oimira awo amafanana kwambiri. Komabe, amapatsidwa kusiyana komwe kumagona pakakulidwe ndi utoto wa nthenga, koma osati zokha. Amasiyananso mawonekedwe, chikhalidwe ndi momwe munthu amakhalira.
Zina zosiyana mawonekedwe ake zimatha kuonedwa pa chithunzi cha adokowe.
Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mitundu ina:
- Dokowe yoyera ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yambiri. Akuluakulu amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 120 ndi kulemera pafupifupi 4 kg. Mtundu wa nthenga zawo ndi yoyera kwambiri, pomwe mulomo ndi miyendo yake ndi zofiira.
Nthenga zokhazokha zomwe zili m'mphepete mwake ndi zakuda, kotero kuti zikapindidwa, zimapereka chithunzi chamdima kumbuyo kwa thupi, komwe zolengedwa zamapiko zoterezi ku Ukraine zalandira dzina loti "-amtondo wakuda".
Amakhala m'malo ambiri a kuasia. Zili ponseponse ku Belarus, ngakhale kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimawulukira kumayiko aku Africa ndi India. Kwa anthu dothi loyera odalirika, ndipo oimira oterowo afumu wokhala ndi mapiko nthawi zambiri amamanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi nyumba zawo.
Chikopa choyera
- Chumba cha Far East, chomwe nthawi zina chimadziwikanso kuti cha China komanso chakuda, ndi cha mitundu yosowa ndipo chimatetezedwa ku Russia, komanso ku Japan ndi China. Mbalame zotere zimapezeka pachilumba cha Korea, m'chigawo cha Primorye ndi Amur, kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa China, ku Mongolia.
Amakonda madambo, kufunafuna kukhala kutali ndi anthu. Ndi nyengo yachisanu ikayamba, mbalame zimapita kumadera abwino, nthawi zambiri kumwera kwa China, komwe amakhala masiku ambiri zithaphwi, komanso minda ya mpunga, komwe amapeza chakudya mosavuta.
Mbalamezi ndi zokulirapo kuposa mbawala yoyera. Mlomo wawo ulinso waukulu kwambiri ndipo uli ndi mtundu wakuda. M'maso, woyetsetsa chidwi amatha kuwona malo ofiira a khungu lopanda kanthu.
Mlomo wakuda umasiyanitsidwa ndi abale ena a Far East
- Dokowe wakuda - mtundu wosamveka bwino, ngakhale uli ambiri. Amakhala ndipo amakhala ku Africa. Ku gawo la Eurasia, imagawidwa kwambiri, makamaka m'malo osungira a Belarus, imakhala ambiri ku Primorsky Territory.
Kuti nthawi yozizira izikhala m'malo abwino, mbalame zimatha kupita kum'mwera kwa Asia. Oimira mtunduwu ndi ochepa pang'ono kuposa achibale a mitundu yomwe idafotokozedwapo kale. Amakwanitsa kulemera pafupifupi 3 kg.
Maso a nthenga za mbalamezi, monga momwe dzinalo limanenera, ndi lakuda, koma ndi mkuwa wowoneka bwino kapena wonyezimira. Choyera mu mbalame zotere chimakhala pamimba, chovala chocheperako komanso chochepa. Madera a periocular ndi mulomo ndi ofiira.
Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhalira m'nkhalango zowirira, nthawi zambiri m'madziwe osaya, m'malo ena, m'mapiri.
Dokowe wakuda
- Dokowe wokhala ndi mbewa ndi kanthu kakang'ono poyerekeza ndi abale ake. Izi ndi mbalame zolemera kilogalamu imodzi yokha. Amakhala makamaka ku Africa ndipo amakhala kumeneko.
Amakhala ndi bulangeti loyera ndi chifuwa, chomwe nthenga yakuda thupi lonse limasiyana kwambiri. Ndipo chomalizacho chinali chifukwa chotchulira mitunduyo. Hue mkamwa wa dokowe zosiyanasiyana zotere ndi zofiirira.
Ndipo nyengo yakukhwima pamlomo wake pakukhazikika kwake, khungu limakhala lowala, lomwe limadziwika ndi mbalame zotere. Zimakhala pachimtengo pamiyala. Izi zimachitika munyengo yamvula, pomwe oyimira amtunduwu amadzitcha kuti mbadwa zamvula.
Dokowe wokhala ndi mbewa yoyimira ndi woimira banjali
- Dokowe wokhala ndi mbewa yoyera umapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Asia ndi Africa, uku mizu yopanda mvula. Kukula kwa mbalame nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosaposa masentimita 90. Mtundu wakumbuyo nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda pakukhudzana ndi redness, mapiko okhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira.
Monga momwe mumatha kumvetsetsa kuchokera ku dzinalo - khosi ndi loyera, koma pamutu ngati kapeti yakuda.
Dokowe wokhala ndi mbewa yoyera imakhala ndi nthenga zoyera pakhosi
- Dokowe waku America amakhala kumwera komwe kukuwonetsedwa muzina zamtunduwu, kontinenti. Mbalamezi siziri zazikulu kwambiri. Utoto wamaonekedwe ndi maonekedwe ofanana ndi dokowe yoyera, wosiyana ndi mchira wakuda wa thymus.
Akuluakulu amadziwika ndi mlomo wabuluu. Mbalame zoterezi zimangokhala pafupi ndi dziwe m'matenje a tchire. Kupanga kwawo kumakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi zidutswa zitatu) za mazira, zomwe sizokwanira poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya achibale.
Ana obadwa kumenewo amaphimbidwa ndi mafuta oyera, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi itatu yokha ana amakula ndi mawonekedwe kwa anthu akuluakulu.
Pa chithunzichi pali chinkhanira cha ku America
- Chumba cha mtundu wa Chimalaya chopaka ubweya ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri, womwe uli pangozi. Mbalame zotere zimakhala, kuphatikiza dzikolo lomwe lasonyezedweratu, Thailand, Sumatra, Indonesia, ndi ena ofanana nyengo, zilumba ndi mayiko.
Nthawi zambiri amasamala, mosamala kwambiri, amabisala kwa anthu. Amakhala ndi utoto wapadera wa cholembera, nkhope zawo ndizovala ndipo zimangophimba ndi khungu la lalanje, popanda maula.
Maso omwe ali pafupi ndi tambula ting'onoting'ono tofanana ndi magalasi. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya agulu, oimira amtunduwu amamanga zisa zazing'ono. Mwa iwo, ana awiri okha amakula kuchokera m'maboma amodzi. Pakatha mwezi ndi theka kukula, anapiye amtunduwu amadzilamulira okha.
Chumba chachiwisi cha ku Mala ndi chosowa kwambiri pabanja
Mphaka waku Turkey. Zojambula, chisamaliro ndi mtengo wa Turkey Van
Zikomo chifukwa cha nkhaniyi, nthawi zonse ndizosangalatsa komanso zothandiza. Ndikufuna kuwonjezera pang'ono ndekha. Titagula nyumba, ndidawona kuti pamalo ena apafupi omwe amakhala kuti pali mtengo wouma wokha womwe umasanja chisa chachikulu chomwe pali chinzake. Kwa ine panokha, iyi inali mfundo ina yokomera kugula nyumba iyi. Chifukwa chake tinakhazikika pafupi ndi anansi athu okongola - agulu oyera, omwe ndimatha kuwawonera tsiku ndi tsiku kuchokera pawindo lodyeramo. Ana agalu amafika m'dera lathu kuyambira pafupifupi pa Marichi 20 mpaka Epulo 7-10. Woyamba nthawi zonse umakhala wamwamuna ndipo nthawi yomweyo umakhala wotanganidwa kukonza chisa pambuyo pa dzinja. Wamkaziyo adamujoina sabata limodzi ndi theka. Mwa njira, mumayamba kuwerenga kuti agulugufe ndi banja kwa moyo wonse. Paliponse pena pena paliponse pomwe pali chidziwitso chazomwe zimapezeka zodabwitsa za nkhumba. Chaka chino anansi athu ali ndi anapiye awiri, m'mbuyomu padali atatu, chaka chatha - isanu. Sindikudziwa ngati banja lomwelo kapena chisa chanyengacho chikhala kwawo kwa banja lomwe linakwanitsa kukhalamo? Wamphongo nthawi zonse amakhala wamkulu kuposa wamkazi. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe okwatirana amakwatirana ndikukula ana.M'masiku otentha kwambiri, yamphongo imayimilira pamphepete mwa chisa ndikukutambulira mapiko ake, ndikupanga mthunzi kwa bwenzi lakelo kuti liziikira mazira. Nthawi zingapo ndidawona momwe iye pakutenthetsera amamupatsa madzi kuchokera mulomo kuti awombe. Ndizosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa. Anapiyewo akakula bambo wa m'banjamo amachotsedwa m'chisa, chachikazi chokha chimakhala ndi ana usiku, pomwe chimbulu chimagona pafupi. Chaka chino, mausiku ake, adasankha tepi ya TV ya oyandikana nawo ... zikomo kwa iye osati zathu))) Pakati pa Ogasiti, mbalame zazing'ono zimadziwa kale kuwuluka ndikusiya chisa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, m'modzi wa iwo amayendera nyumba yosiyidwa ndipo amakhala usiku umodzi kapena zingapo, koma mu Seputembala amachoka. Zimakhala zachisoni nthawi zonse, chifukwa zikutanthauza kuti - chilimwe chatha komanso kutentha, patsogolo pa nyengo yoipa komanso yozizira. Koma chaka chilichonse ndikadzayamba dzuwa masika ndimayamba kuyang'ana kuthambo ndikuyembekezera kubwera kwa anansi athu. Ndipo akabwera kwa ine ndi tchuthi chaching'ono, chifukwa amabwera ndi mapiko awo ....)
Nkhani yosangalatsa kwambiri, zikomo Julia, ndibwino kukambirana nanu, lembani nkhani zanu zambiri.
Nkhani yosangalatsa. Sindimadziwa kuti mbawala zamtchire ndi mbalame zoopsa. Kodi nchifukwa ninji kumakhala nkhondo zazisa zotere mchaka?
Ndimafuna kunena nkhani yanga, idayamba mu 2011. Pokulima m'malo oyandikana ndi paini wowotcha wamoto (moto utayaka), oyandikana nawo adapanga malo okhala zisa. M'ngululu ya 2012, nkhondo zam'madzi zodzitchinjiriza zidayamba, chifukwa cha ichi, banja la adokowe lidakhazikika kumeneko.
Malinga ndi upangiri wa oyandikana nawo, kuti ndisiye ndewu, ndidaganiza zomanga malo osungira malo patsamba langa, chifukwa pali zipatso zazikulu. Ndinakonza pamwamba pa mtengo ndi nthambi zapafupi, ndikukhazikitsa pansi
1x1 m., Wopangidwa ndi nthambi ngati chisa. Patha zaka 5, koma awiri atsopanowo sanakhazikike, mwina zisa zili pafupi kwambiri, pafupifupi 70 m.
Komabe, mchaka cha 1, mbalamezo zidakoka nthambi zonse kuchokera pachisa chawo kupita kwa ine. Zoyambira ngati zomangira. Ine ndimayenera kuti ndikonzenso.
M'mbuyomu, panali anapiye awiri, uyu 3. Amphaka akakula, m'modzi mwa "makolo" amagona kumalo ogona, tsopano onse amagona.
Julayi 2 adawonera chithunzi chosangalatsa. "Amayi" ndi anapiye atatu atakhala pachisa chake. Pakadali pano, awiri atsopano amafika ndipo amakhala pampandopo. Pakapita kanthawi, "mayi" uja amachoka pachisa, n kuwuluka kupita kumalo osungirako, ndikuthamangitsa "alendo" ndikukhala pansi. Mmodzi mwa "alendo" amapanga mabwalo angapo ndi mitu kupita ku chisa ndi anapiye. "Amayi" aponyera nesting ndikubwerera kwa ana. "Banja latsopano" likubwerera kumalo odyera. Pakapita kanthawi, zonse zimabwereza. Ndipo kotero, mwina, nthawi 5-6, kufikira "abambo a banja" atabwerako ndikuthamangitsa "alendo" kwathunthu. "Alendo" adataya mosavuta, kumapeto kwa masika zovuta kwambiri. Nayi "ndege yosunga zobwezeretsera ndege." Monga anthu, adapambananso malo okhala.
Ndi zachisoni bwanji, mbalame zokongola.
Zikomo chifukwa cha nkhani yosangalatsa, Vasily, ngati mungandiuze!
Ndipo banja lathu, zidachitika, chaka chino lidakhalanso ndi anapiye atatu, koma m'modzi ... adataya kunja kwa chisa (mwina anali wofooka kuposa enawo kapena adadwala. Mwana wa oyandikana naye adamunyamula ndikumuika m'manda, posachedwapa ndidamva za izi. Kulimbana kwa chisa, pafupifupi omwe Vasily adalemba, ndidawerenganso kuti nthawi zina mbawala imodzi imagwirira, nthawi zina banja, koma nditakumana ndi "kuwukira" kwakukulu pachisa - mbalame zisanu ndi zinayi (). monga momwe akanathera ndi kutha kupambana. Chabwino, komanso terry yowonjezera Oriya, zomwe Vasily adalankhula, ndikuganiza kuti mbalamezo zimafunikira kuti zitha kupangitsa anapiye kudzidalira pawokha, ndi kumbali inayo kuwayang'anira powayang'ana kuchokera pamtengo woyandikana nawo. Posachedwa, ayenera kuthana mtunda waukulu kupita kumalo okazizira ... mwachisoni - chisa chathu "sichikhala chopanda mpaka chaka chamawa.
Osakhumudwe, Julia, ndikhulupirira kuti mbalamezi ziziuluka ndikukusangalatsani ndi kukhalapo kwawo! Zikomo chifukwa cha nkhani zosangalatsa za zinyama, ndimaziwerenga nthawi zonse mosangalala!
Lero m'mawa ndidawona dokowe m'bwalo, iye ndi wamkulu komanso wokongola, koma anyamata opusa adayamba kumuthamangitsa ndipo adathawa
Lero? Mu Novembala. Mbalame yosauka, ngati sanawuluke kuchoka nthawi yachisanu limodzi ndi abale ake popanda thandizo la anthu, ndiye kuti sangapulumuke nthawi yozizira ((ndimamumvera chisoni.
Stork ndi mbalame yokongola yayikulu, ndimakonda kuwonera kuthawa kwawo!
Zowona zake za abuluzi kuti makolo awo okalamba atalephera kuuluka amadyetsedwa ndi ana awo?
Sindinamvepo za Arthur uyu, moona sindikudziwa. Mwina wina akuuzeni yankho kuchokera kwa alendo.
Tikukhala kudera la Leningrad, ndipo agulugufe nawonso amabwera kwa ife. Mbaleyo anaganiza zodula pamwamba pa mtengowo ndi kuwapangira chisa. M'chaka choyamba, adapanga maziko omveka, aguluguwa adaganiza kuti adzimangira chisa, koma adangouluka mozungulira popanda kuchita chilichonse. Pamenepo ndiye, mchimwene wanga ndi bambo adawakonzera chisa chowoneka bwino, ndipo chaka chotsatira banjali lidakhazikika ndikubwera ndi anapiye anayi. Ndipo tsopano chaka chilichonse amabwera kwa ife. Nthawi zina pamakhala nkhondo zoopsa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa ... Chaka chino tili ndi adokota asanu, tsopano aliyense akuuluka (ndipo m'modzi, wotsiriza, akuwopa kuuluka, timadandaula za iye, sindikufuna kujomba). Mwambiri, anthu ambiri amatsutsana ndi zisa, amati zodetsedwa kuchokera ku mbalame. .. Ndipo ndikuvomereza kuti awa ndi mbalame zabwino komanso zowala ndipo zimabweretsa chisangalalo!
Zikomo Jan chifukwa cha nkhani yanu, pali zinthu zina zadothi zochuluka kuchokera kwa anthu, kotero musamvere aliyense ndikuthandizira mbalame, ichi ndichinthu chabwino!
Makhalidwe wamba
Dokowe woyera ndi wotchuka kwambiri pa mbawala. Iyi ndi mbalame yoyera yokhala ndi mapiko akuda, khosi lalitali, lalitali, loonda, lalitali komanso miyendo yayitali yofiyira. Mapiko a dokowe atakulungidwa, zimawoneka kuti kumbuyo konse kwa thupi la chimpondacho ndi lakuda. Chifukwa chake dzina lakelo Chiukraine - Chernoguz. Akazi ndiosiyana ndi mitundu yaimuna, koma pang'ono. Kukula kwa mbulu Woyera ndi masentimita 100 mpaka 125, mapiko a 155-200 cm. Kuchulukitsa kwa mbalame yayikulu kumafika pa 4 kg. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbawala yoyera pakapita zaka 20. Kunja, dothi laku Far East limawoneka ngati dokowe yoyera, koma posachedwa laonedwa kuti ndi mtundu wina. Chumba choyera ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za Belarus.
Kugawa
Mbawala yoyera imakhala ku Europe ndi Asia. Ku Europe, madera ake amapitilira kumpoto mpaka kumwera kwa Sweden ndi dera la Leningrad, kummawa mpaka ku Smolensk, Bryansk ndi Lipetsk, ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwa, mtunduwo wakhala ukukulira kum'mawa. Nyengo ku India, kotentha ku Africa. Chiweto chambiri chakum'mwera kwa Africa chakhazikika. Komanso, agulugufe ena amene amakhala ku Western Europe, m'malo otentha kwambiri, souluka nthawi yachisanu. Pakusala nthawi yozizira, agulugufe oyera amawuluka m'njira ziwiri. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumadzulo kwa Mtsinje wa Elbe zimadutsa Strait of Gibraltar ndipo zimakhalabe nyengo yachisanu ku Africa pakati pa nkhalango zamvula za ku Sahara ndi malo otentha. Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timayambira kum'mawa kwa Elbe timadutsa ku Asia Minor ndi Israel ndipo timakhala nyengo yachisanu ku East Africa pakati pa South Sudan ndi South Africa. Ana ena a nkhumba amakhala ku Ethiopia ndi ku South Arabia. M'malo onse otentha nthawi yachisanu, abulu oyera amayambira magulu chikwi. Mbalame zazing'ono zosakhazikika nthawi zina zimakhala ku Africa nthawi yonse yotentha. Ana agulugufe amauluka nthawi yozizira. Zimawuluka pamalo okwera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zikuyenda. Kuti achite izi, amasankha njira zosavuta kwambiri pa moyo wawo. Mbawala zimapewa kuwuluka pamwamba pa nyanja.
Mawu
Dokowe woyera wachikulire amapereka mawu mokweza pamene banjali likumana, ndikudina ndi mdomo wake. Anapiye a aguluguwe oyera amakuwa ndipo amafuula m'mawu ofanana ndi kubowola kwa mphaka.
Ndikungodula mlomo wake, chinenerocho chimaponyera mutu kumbuyo ndikubweza lilime lake, ndikupanga kamwa yolusa kwambiri kuti imveke. Kudumula kwa mulomo m'njira zosiyanasiyana kunangosiyiratu kulumikizana ndi mawu a chinkhanira.
Kupulumutsanso ndi kukonzanso nkhumba za mavuto
Mbawala zoyera ndi mbalame zowala kwambiri, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimakopa munthu pamalo omwe amakhala.Mbidzi nthawi zambiri zimavutika kukhudzana ndi zingwe zamagetsi ndikufa. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri zimagwera m'manja mwa munthu pomwe sangathe kufika kumalo achisanu. Mbalame zimafooka, kenako, ndikayamba nyengo yozizira, amaundana. Mbalame zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala alendo akumidzi yakumidzi, komwe anthu amitima yabwino amawadyetsa, kuwafotokozera, kudikirira kuti kasupe atulutsenso kuthengo. Komabe, mbalame zovulazidwa nthawi zambiri zimayenera kukagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okonzanso, kenako ndikugwira ntchito yachipatala yofuna kubwezeretsa ntchito za ziwalo zovulala. Malo okonzanso zotere ku Russia ndi: malo okonzanso a Association of bird Lovers (St. Petersburg), malo okonzanso "mbalame Zopanda Malire" otchedwa A. I. Kuindzhi (Ryazan Region), malo okonzanso zinyama "Romashka" (Tver Region), malo okonzanso " Phoenix ”(Kaluga), malo okonzanso malo a smolensk Lake District National Park. Pofuna kukopa chidwi cha anthu ku mbuluzi pamavuto, Russian Association of bird Lovers idasankha dokowe ngati mbalame ya 2014.
Tcherani khutu!
Popeza cholengedwa chokhala ndi ubweya wabwino chimapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia, komwe nthawi yozizira kutentha kumatsika kwambiri, dokowe limakonda "kuchezera" ku Africa. India siwokongola kwenikweni, komwe nyengo yabwino kwambiri imasungidwa nthawi yozizira.
Zachidziwikire, mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumayiko aku Africa kapena ku South America zimakonda kukhala nthawi yachisanu m'malo mwake, popanda kuuluka.
Zosiyanasiyana
Monga tanena kale, mtunduwu umakhala ndi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya agalu. Ngakhale iwo, kwakukulu, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofananawo, pali zosiyana pamtambo wa nthenga ndi kukula kwake. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu yapadera ya mbalame, ndi zithunzi za agwada azithandiza kumvetsetsa kuperewera kwawo.
Mitundu yambiri yambiri imatha kuwerengedwa loyera. Mbalame yachikulire imakula mpaka masentimita 120, ndipo imalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu anayi panthawiyi. Thupi limakhala loyera, ndipo milomo yokha ndi miyendo imangokhala yofiira. "Mphepete" mwa mapikowo ndi lakuda, lomwe limapangitsa kuti lisawonekere likapindidwa.
Mbalameyi imatha kupezeka m'chigawo chonse cha Europe, makamaka ku Belarus. Mwa njira, kumeneko ndi pomwe nkhumba idalandira ziphiphiritso. Nthawi zambiri, zisa za dokowe yoyera zimapezeka pafupi ndi nyumba, zomwe zimawonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa anthu.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: White Stork
White Stork (Ciconia ciconia). Gulu la ma ciconiiformes. Banja la Stork. Ndodo Storks. Mitundu White Stork. Banja la agulu limaphatikizapo mitundu 12 ndi 6 genera. Banja ili ndi dongosolo la mbalame zopendekera. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi, agulu oyambilira adakhalako nthawi ya Upper Eocene. Zotsalira zina zakale kwambiri za Ciconiiformes zidapezeka ndi asayansi ku France. Banja la adokowe lidafika pachimake pazosiyana siyana munthawi ya Oligocene.
Zikuwoneka kuti m'masiku amenewo, nyengo zabwino kwambiri zidapangidwa kuti moyo wa mbalame ndi mtundu womwe udayambike. M'masiku amakono pamalongosola za mitundu 9 ya zolengedwa zakale, komanso mitundu 30. Mitundu ina ya agulu omwe amapezeka masiku amakono adakhalako nthawi ya Eocene. Ndipo mitundu 7 yamakono imadziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Pleistocene.
Kodi mawu oti "mbawala" adachokera kuti?
Kumene mawu oti "dokowe" sanakhazikitsidwe mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa chake pali mitundu yambiri yamomwe idachitika. Mawu ovomerezeka amapezeka m'zilankhulo zakale za Sanskrit, Russian Russian, Germany, Chisilavo. Mtundu woyenera kwambiri wamatembenuzidwe a liwu lachijeremani "Heister", omwe m'malo ena ku Germany amatchedwa magpie. Mwinanso, mawuwa adasinthidwa kukhala "Geister", kenako nkukhala "Stork". Ndikosavuta kupeza fanizo pakati pa maula ndi chigamba, chizindikiro chawo chokhacho chokhudzana ndi mtundu wa maula. Titha kumaganiza kuti limagona potengera dzina la chinsomba. M'madera osiyanasiyana a Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus, pali mayina osiyanasiyana am'mudzimo pa mbalameyi: bushel, butol, busko, batan, chernoguz, leleka, manto, geister, botsun ndi ena.Kuphatikiza apo, dokowe amatchedwa ndi maina a anthu: Ivan, Gritsko, Vasil, Yasha.
Kanema: White Stork
Amadziwika kuti agulu akale anali okulirapo nthawi zambiri kuposa mbalame zamakono, komanso osiyana pang'ono ndi mbalame zamakono munyengo yawo yamoyo komanso momwe amakhalira. Chumba choyera chamakono ndi mbalame yayikulu ya mtundu woyera. Pa mapiko pamakhala kuluka lakuda. Kuseri kwa thupi la dokowe nalinso lakuda. Zazikazi sizimasiyana maonekedwe a amuna. Kukula kwa mbalameyo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 125. Mapiko ake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 200. Kulemera kwa thupi la mbalameyo ndi pafupifupi 4 kg.
Mtundu wa Ciconia udayamba kufotokozedwa koyamba ndi wasayansi wazaka Carl Linnaeus mu 1758. Carl Linnaeus adatchula koyamba zamtunduwu mu kachitidwe kamodzi ka nyama ndi nyama.
Kodi mbawala zimakhala kuti?
White stork amakhala ku Europe ndi Asia. Awa ndi dera lalikulu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mawonekedwe asinthira chakummaawa.
Kwa nyengo yozizira, dokowe yoyera imawulukira ku Africa kapena India. Anthu okhala ku Africa ndi Western Europe samawulukira nthawi yachisanu chifukwa nyengo yozizira imakhala yotentha.
M'malo achisanu mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu angapo, kuphatikiza masauzande aanthu. Mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kukhala ku Africa nthawi yonse yozizira. Ndegeyo imagwera masana. Zimawuluka kutalika kwambiri, uku zikuyenda. Pachifukwa ichi, madera abwino aerodynamically ndi abwino kwa iwo. Njira zopewera kunyanja.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya White Stork
Mbalame ya dziwe imakhala yoyera kwathunthu. Pa mapiko ndi kumbuyo pang'ono pali kuluka kwa nthenga zakuda, zimawonekera kwambiri pakuuluka kwa mbalame. Mbalameyo ikaimirira, zikuwoneka kuti kumbuyo kwa mbalameyo ndi kwakuda, chifukwa mapiko ake amapindidwa. Nthawi yakuswana, kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumatha kukhala kosaphulika. Mbalameyo ili ndi mlomo wawukulu, wosongoka, ngakhale. Khosi lalitali. Mutu wa mbalame ndi wocheperako. Kuzungulira maso, khungu lakuda lomwe likuwoneka. Iris ili yakuda.
Gawo lalikulu la nthenga za mbalame ndi nthenga komanso nthenga zokutira phewa la mbalame. Pali nthenga zazitali pakhosi ndi pachifuwa cha mbalameyo, ngati mbalameyo yasokonekera, iyo imawagwira. Komanso amuna amuna nthenga zamphongo nthawi yamasewera. Mchirawo ndi wozungulira pang'ono. Mlomo ndi miyendo ya mbalameyo ndifiira. Miyendo ya nkhumba zoyera ilibe. Ikusunthira pansi, dokowe amapukusa mutu wake. Mu chisa komanso pansi zimatha kuyimirira mwendo umodzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuuluka kwa dokowe ndi chidwi kuwona. Mbalameyi imawulukira mokhathamira ndi mapiko osafota. Pakutera, mbalameyi imakanikizira kwambiri mapiko ake ndikutambasula miyendo yake kutsogolo. Mbawala ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka, ndipo zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimalankhulirana wina ndi mzake pomenya milomo. Mbalame ikadula mlomo wake, ndikupukusa mutu ndikutambasulira lilime lake, kudina koteroko kumathandizira kulumikizana ndi mawu. Nthawi zina amatha kupanga mawu owuula. Ana agulugufe amakhala ataliatali ndipo pafupifupi, abulu oyera amakhala pafupifupi zaka 20.
Ziwawa
Akatswiri a Ornithologists ali ndi chidwi osati malo abulu oyera, koma posankha malo ake chisa. Ngakhale m'zaka za zana la XIX, mawonekedwe odabwitsa a mbalamezi adawonedwa - asanamangire chisa, dokowe amayang'ana anthu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pokhudzana ndi izi, ngakhale chikhulupiriro chidabadwa kuti ngati chisa cha stork chikawoneka m'mudzimo, izi zimabweretsa bwino komanso chisangalalo kwa okhalamo. Milandu idalembedwa pomwe zisa zidapezeka ngakhale padenga la nyumba zambiri. Anthu omwe amapeza malo okhalamo sakhumudwitsidwa, koma, m'malo mwake, amasangalala. Nthawi zina amakonzanso maluwawa kuti mbalameyo izikhala padenga la nyumba yawo.
Kodi mbidzi zoyera zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: White Stork ku Flight
Agulu oyera oyera a ku Europe amakhala ku Europe konse. Kuchera ku Iberian Peninsula kupita ku Caucasus ndi mizinda ya Volga. Ana agalu oyera amapezeka ku Estonia ndi Portugal, Denmark ndi Sweden, France komanso Russia. Chifukwa chakukhazikika kwa mbalame zamtunduwu, agulugufe adayamba kukhala m'mizinda yakumadzulo kwa Asia, Ku Morocco, Algeria ndi Tunisia. Komanso agulu amapezeka ku Caucasus. Mbalame zambiri nthawi yozizira kumeneko.M'dziko lathu, mbidzi kwa nthawi yayitali zimakhala m'dera la Kaliningrad.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, mbalamezi zinayamba kukhala m'chigawo cha Moscow. Pambuyo pake, adokowe adakhazikika mdziko lonselo. Kubwezeretsa mbalame kunachitika ndi mafunde. Makamaka kwambiri, agulugufe adayamba kupanga magawo atsopano mu 1980-1990. Pakadali pano, agulugufe amakhazikika m'dziko lathunthu, kupatula mizinda yakumpoto. Ku Ukraine, malo okhalamo achule amaphimba Donetsk ndi Lugansk dera, Crimea ndi Feodosia. Ku Turkmenistan, mtunduwu ndiofala ku Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan ndi Kazakhstan. Akatswiri a zaumoyo adaonanso malo okhalako zogona kum'mwera kwa Africa.
Mbawala ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka. Amakhala nthawi yachilimwe m'malo otetezeka, ndipo nthawi yophukira mbalame zimapita kukazizira kumayiko otentha. Nthawi zambiri ku Ulaya nthawi yozizira kumakhala nyengo yachisanu kuchokera ku Sahara kupita ku Cameroon. Nthawi zambiri, chisanu chambiri nthawi ya chisanu chimakhala pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Chad, pafupi ndi mitsinje ya Senegal ndi Niger. Ana a nkhumba omwe amakhala kum'mawa amatha nthawi yozizira ku Africa, ku Peninsula ya Somalia ku Ethiopia ndi Sudan. Komanso, mbalamezi zimapezeka ku India, Thailand. Western subspecies nyengo ku Spain, Portugal, Armenia. Ana agalu okhala mdziko lathu nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira ku Dagestan, Armenia, koma mbalame zomwe zinali ndi mapiko mdziko lathu zidawonekeranso ku Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan ndi Africa.
Panthawi yosamukira, abuluwa sakonda kuwuluka panyanja. Pamaulendo apandege, amayesa kusankha njira zamtunda. Pazamoyo komanso zisa, abuluzi monga okhala m'malo otetezeka amasankha malo okhala ndi ma biotypes. Mbidzi zimakhala m'malo otetezeka, msipu, minda yothiriridwa. Nthawi zina amapezeka mu savannahs ndi steppes.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mbawala yoyambayo imakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi mbawala zimakhala bwanji?
Mbalamezi sizimakhala limodzi ndi gulu la nkhosalo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhala kwayekha, ndikukhala ndi magulu ochepa. Pomwe amathawa, agulu amatha kugona kwa mphindi 15-20, ndipo chifukwa cha kumva kwambiri, samatayika ndipo samalimbana ndi gulu lalikulu.
Chumba - kufotokozera, kufotokoza, chithunzi. Kodi mbawala zimawoneka bwanji?
Mbawala ndi mbalame zazikulu. Mtundu waukulu kwambiri wamtundu wa Ciconia ndi mbulu Woyera. Kutalika kwamunthu wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi 110 masentimita, mapiko amafika 220 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 3,6 kg. Imodzi mwa mtundu wocheperako, dokowe wokhala ndi mbewa, imalemera pafupifupi 1 kg, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 73 cm.
Mlomo wa dokowe ndi wautali, katatu kutalika kwa mutu, ndipo umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Imatha kukhala wowongoka kapena wowongoka pang'ono kumtunda (ngati mbawala ya Far East). Pansi pake ndi yayitali komanso yayikulu, yakuthwa kumapeto, yatsekedwa mwamphamvu. Lilime ndi losalala, lakuthwa komanso, poyerekeza ndi mulomo, yaying'ono. Ming'alu yam'mphuno ndi yopapatiza kwambiri, yotseguka pomwe mnyanga, yopanda mawonekedwe ndi mizere. Mtundu wa mulomo mwa anthu akuluakulu amitundu yambiri ndi wofiira. Chumba chobiriwira chakuda ndi chakuda. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, zosemphana ndi zoona ndizakuti: anapiye amtundu wakuda amakhala ndi mlomo wofiyira kapena lalanje, ndipo anapiye amtundu wina, milomo yakuda.
Zovala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana za aguluzi zimakhala zofiirira, zofiirira kapena zoyera. Pamutu, maula sapezeka pachimake, zingwe ndi khungu kuzungulira maso. Khosi la mbalame ndi lalitali. Vutoli limakhala lodziwika bwino ngati khosi likugwedezeka pang'ono, mutu umayendetsedwa kutsogolo, ndipo mulomo umapuma pakati pa nthenga. M'dera la goiter, nthenga zimakhala zazitali, zodula.
Ana a agwada amakhala ndi ma sempweya am'mimba omwe amadzaza ndi mpweya wotulutsidwa, chifukwa amalumikizidwa kuzipinda zam'mphuno. Matumba awa ndi ang'ono, ali pansi pa khungu ndipo amagona m'mbali mwa khosi kumunsi kwa mutu. Dongosolo la thumba limayambitsa kusiyana pakati pa khungu ndi minofu.
Mapiko a dokowe ndiwotalika, wozungulira, mapiko awo amapangidwa ndi nthenga 3-5. Nthenga zamkati pampiko ndizitali. Akapindidwa, amafikira kutalika kwa nthenga zoyambirira.
Zikamauluka, mbalame zam'madzi zimayandama pansi. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa mafupa a m'chiguduli. Izi zimadziwika ndi mbalame zazikulu zomwe zikuuluka, kuphatikizapo mbalame zodyedwa.Pa mapiko pa chala choyamba cha dzanja pamakhala kansalu.
Kuuluka kwamtunda kumadziwikanso ndi mbalame monga ziwombankhanga, chiwombankhanga chagolide, mahatchi, ming'alu, buluzi, zikhanda.
Mchira wa nthenga ndi wamtali kutalika, wowongoka, wozungulira pang'ono paphiripo. Ili ndi nthenga 12 za mchira.
Ziwalo zam'mbuyo za mbalame ndizitali kwambiri. Metatarsus imakhala yofanana kutalika kwa tibia. Kuphatikizika kwa tibia ndi mafupa achitsulo kumapangidwa mwanjira yoti protrusion yomwe ili pamutu wamtundu wa tibial ilowe m'mavuto omwe ali pamutu wachitsulo, ndipo ligament yapadera imakonza kulumikizana uku, kuti mafupa asathenso. Zotsatira zake ndi kulimba kwa mwendo wamtambo, kugwira thupi mwamphamvu, popanda ntchito ya minofu. Chifukwa cha izi, dokowe, atapereka thupi bwino, amatha kuyimirira kwa mwendo umodzi, koma osatopa. Kapangidwe ka miyendo imayambitsa kusunthika kwina - kufulumira ndi kutsika kwa gait.
Zala zazala zazifupi ndizochepa. Pafupifupi aliyense pali chopondera khungu. Zala zakumaso zimalumikizidwa pansi ndi tinthu tating'ono tachikopa, ndipo chala chakumaso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthira pansi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamaonetsa kuti dokotalayo ndi wovuta kuyenda m'malo amtunda, ndipo amathira nthaka yolimba. Tibia sichothandizidwa ndi zoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake. Gawo lobisika la tibia ndi metatarsus yonse ndi yokutidwa ndi mbale zazing'onoting'ono. Misomali ndi yotakata, yosalala, yosalala.
Utoto wa agulu siosiyana kwambiri ndipo umakhala ndi mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera. Mtundu wakuda ukhoza kukhala ndi utoto wobiriwira kapena wachitsulo. Utoto wa mbalame zazing'ono umasiyana pang'ono ndi wamkulu pang'ono. Palibe kusiyana mu mtundu wa amuna ndi akazi, komanso kusintha kwa utoto ndi nyengo. Anapiye a nkhumba amakhala ndi mtundu wa imvi; akuluakulu, fluff ndi oyera kapena imvi.
Oimira genus Ciconia alibe mawu, popeza amakanidwa ndi syrinx (mawu a mbalame) ndi minofu yake. M'malo mofuula, dokotalayo amadula mulomo wake, kutanthauza kuti akumenya zibwano zake. Anapiye oyeraCiconia ciconia) komanso kudziwa momwe angakondwerere. Mbawala zakuda (Ciconia nigra) samakonda kusweka ndi mulomo wawo: mawu awo ali ngati chifuwa kapena kufuula. Ming'alu ya agalu imatha kubuma, kulira, kulira ndi kulira.
Kodi mbawala zoyera zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: White Stork ku Russia
Chakudya cha abuluwa chimakhala chosiyanasiyana.
Kudya kwa dokowe kumaphatikizapo:
- nyongolotsi
- dzombe, ziwala,
- ma arthropod osiyanasiyana
- nsomba zazinkhanira ndi nsomba
- tizilombo
- achule ndi njoka.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mbuluzi zimatha kudya njoka zapoizoni komanso zoopsa popanda kuwononga thanzi.
Ana agalu nthawi zina amatha kudya nyama zazing'ono monga mbewa ndi akalulu ang'onoang'ono. Ana agalu ndi mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa, kukula kwa nyama kumangotengera luso la kumeza. Mbawala sizimathyola ndipo sizitha kutafuna. Amameza yonse. Pafupi ndi dziwe, ana a nkhumba amakonda kutsuka zomwe adadya m'madzi asanadye, motero ndizosavuta kumeza. Mofananamo, achule amasambitsa achule omwe amauma mu silt ndi mchenga. Storks burp osasokoneza gawo chakudya mu mawonekedwe a grebes. Mafuta amtunduwu amapangika kwa masiku angapo, ndipo amapangidwa ndi ubweya, zotsalira ndi tizikali tinsomba.
Ana agalu amasaka pafupi ndi zisa zawo m'matanthwe, m'malo odyetserako ziweto, komanso m'madambo. Ana agalu ndi mbalame zazikulu, ndipo kwa moyo wabwinobwino, mbalame zam'nsinga zimafunikira 300 magalamu a chakudya m'chilimwe, ndi magalamu 500 a chakudya nthawi yozizira. Kuthengo, mbalame zimadya chakudya chochuluka, chifukwa kusaka ndi kuwuluka pandege ndizambiri mphamvu. Ana agalu amadya pafupifupi nthawi yonse. Pafupifupi, agulu awiri okhala ndi anapiye awiri patsiku amamwa pafupifupi 5,000 kJ yamphamvu yomwe amalandira kuchokera ku chakudya. Chakudya chopindulitsa kwambiri komanso chothandiza kwa ana a agalu ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi ena amphongo.
Kutengera ndi nthawi ya chaka komanso malo okhala, zakudya za mbalame zimatha kusintha. M'malo ena, mbalame zimatenga dzombe lochulukirapo komanso tizilombo ta mapiko, m'malo ena zakudya zimatha kukhala ndi mbewa ndi ma amphibians. Pakusintha kwanyengo, mbuluzi zimasowa chakudya ndipo zimapeza chakudya chatsopano m'malo atsopano.
Kusesa Matumba
Kukhetsa kumachitika pa mbawala kamodzi pachaka ndipo kumatha pang'onopang'ono.Mwezi uliwonse pachaka mutha kupeza nthenga zatsopano ndi zopyoza, zonse ziwiri komanso zazikulu. M'masamba osunthira, nthenga zimasintha pang'ono mwachangu.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya White Stork
Ana agalu ndi mbalame zodekha. Osabereka nthawi amakhala m'matumba. Mbalame zomwe sizimasamba zimasunganso m'matumba. Anthu okhwima amapanga awiriawiri. Nthawi yakudya, awiriawiri amuna ndi akazi amapangidwa; awiriawiri amakhala motalikirana. Mbidzi zimapanga zisa zazikulu, zazikulu ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kubwerera kwa iwo nthawi yachisanu itatha. Nthawi zambiri mbawala amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Yesetsani kuyandikira pafupi ndi dziwe. Mbalame zimapanga zisa zawo m'mapangidwe opangidwa ndi anthu. Pa nyumba ndi ma sheds, nsanja. Nthawi zina amatha kukonza chisa pamtengo wamtali wokhala ndi utuchi kapena korona wosweka. Mbalame zimakhala m'malo otentha.
Nthawi zambiri, ana agalu amasaka chakudya kuti adyetse okha komanso ana awo. Mbawala zimagwira masana, usiku kumagona nthawi zambiri. Ngakhale zimachitika kuti agulugufe amadyetsa ana usiku. Popita kusaka, mbalameyi imayenda pang'onopang'ono pamtunda komanso m'madzi osaya, nthawi zina imachepetsa liwiro, ndipo imatha kuponyera kolowera. Nthawi zina mbalame zimathanso kuwona momwe zimadyera. Amatha kugwira tizilombo, chinjoka ndi midge pa ntchentche, koma kwambiri amapeza chakudya pansi, m'madzi. Ana agalu amatha kugwira nsomba ndi mlomo wawo.
Nthawi zambiri, pakusaka, agulugufe amayenda mwachangu pafupifupi 2 km / h. Ana agulu amapeza nyama yawo mowoneka. Nthawi zina mbalamezi zimatha kudya nyama zazing'ono zakufa ndi nsomba. Mbidzi zimatha kupezeka ndi malo okhala komanso nyanja ndi akhwangwala. Mbalamezi zimatha kudyetsa zokhazokha komanso zoweta zonse. Nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe mbalame zimabisala, m'malo okhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, timagulu ta timungu timapezekamo anthu masauzande ambiri. Mbalame zikaudya masukulu, zimamva kutetezeka kwambiri ndipo zimatha kudzipezera chakudya chambiri.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: White Stork Chick
Ana agalu oyera amatha kubereka azaka zapakati pa 3-7. Komabe, ambiri mwa mbalamezi amabereka ali ndi zaka 7. Mbalamezi zimakhala zokhala ndi akazi awiriawiri, awiriawiri amapangidwira nyengo yakuswa. Nthawi zambiri mumalimwe woyamba wamwamuna amalowa mu chisa, kapena kukonza. Ma Steam mawonekedwe pa chisa. Ngati mbidzi zina, zazimuna zikuyandikira chisa, zimayamba kuwathamangitsa ndi mulomo, ndikuponyera mutu wawo ndikuwulutsa nthenga. Pofika pafupi ndi chisa cha mkaziyo, mbuluyo imamupatsa moni. Amphongo akafika chisa, mwini wa chisacho amamuthamangitsa, kapena mbalameyo ikhoza kukhala pachisa chake, natambasulira mapiko ake kumbali, kutseka nyumba yake kuchokera kwa alendo osapezekapo.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Asanapangitse banja, agulu amachita zovina zenizeni zikuyendayenda, kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana ndikuwulutsa mapiko awo.
Chisa cha dokowe ndi malo akuluakulu opanga mitengo ya msipu, udzu ndi manyowa. Ikani zomangamanga zokhala ndi mabowo ofewa, udzu ndi ubweya. Chisa cha mbalamechi chakhala pachaka kwazaka zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotenga zinthu mwadongosolo. Komabe, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri ndimalimbana pakati pa akazi. Zachikazi zingapo zimatha kuwuluka chisa chimodzi, kulimbana kumatha kubwera pakati pawo ndi imodzi yomwe imapambana ndipo imatha kukhalabe mu chisa ndikukhala mayi.
Oviposition amapezeka mu April. Nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Marichi - Epulo, kutengera nyengo. Wamkazi amayikira mazira ndi masiku angapo. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 1 mpaka 7. Imasunga mazira awiri palimodzi. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 34. Nkhuku zimabadwa zopanda thandizo. Choyamba, makolo awo amawadyetsa ndi nyongolotsi. Chingwe chimawagwira, kapena sonkhanitsani chakudya chakugwa kuchokera pansi pa chisa. Makolonu amayang'anira anapiye awo ndipo amateteza chisa chawo kuti chisawombere.
Tsitsi limayamba kuyamba pang'ono ndi pang'ono kufika masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera patatha dzira. Ana agalu amaphunzira kuwuluka moyang'aniridwa ndi makolo awo. Patatha milungu ingapo, makolo amadyetsa ana awo aang'ono. Pazaka pafupifupi miyezi 2.5, anapiye amadzilamulira okha.Pakumapeto kwa chilimwe, mbalame zazing'ono zimawuluka zokha popanda dzinja popanda makolo.
Chosangalatsa: Ana agulu amakonda kwambiri ana awo, koma amatha kuthamangitsa anapiye ofoka ndi odwala mchisa.
Kodi mbawala nthawi yachisanu imakhala kuti?
Dokowe yemwe amakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi mbalame yosamukira komwe imakhala zaka zambiri chisanayambe kuzizira. Khola lakumananso ndi pano: mwachitsanzo, chinzimbe chakuda chomwe chimakhala ku Japan sichimachoka nyengo yachisanu. Agulugufe okhala ndi miyendo yoyera, agulu opindika-oyera, agulu aku America komanso maluwawo opakidwa utoto ku Malawi nawonso sawuluka kum'mwera, chifukwa amakhala m'malo otentha, kumene amapatsidwa chakudya chaka chonse. Kusamuka kwakanthawi kumapangidwa ndi abulu oyera, agulu akuda ndi agwape akummawa a Far Eastern (omwe amalipiritsa)) amakhala ku Europe, Russia, China.
Kuchoka kwa achule oyera ndi akuda ochokera kumadera a ku Europe ndi Asia kumayambira molawirira kwambiri. White imawuluka kumapita kachitatu kwa Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Mbawala zakuda zimasamukira kale kale: kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti, mwachitsanzo, kumadera ena a Eastern Europe. M'madera ena, mwachitsanzo, kudera la Amur, zidapezeka kuti agulugufe akuda amachoka mchaka chachiwiri cha Seputembala: kwa mbalame izi ndiye tsiku lochedwa. Mulimonsemo, pofika pakati pa Okutobala, malo okhala zisa za dokowe amakhala opanda kalikonse.
Mbalame zimapanga ndege masana, pamalo okwera kwambiri, osayang'anira dongosolo linalake. Mbawala zouluka makamaka pamtunda, zimachepetsa magawo a njirayo. Izi ndichifukwa choti kukwera kwa mafunde akakwera pamwamba pamtunda ndikofunikira pakuuluka. Mbawala zimadutsa pamadzi pokhapokha itaona tsidya linalo. Pofika kumapeto, mbalame zimabweranso.
Agulu ena akuda ndi oyera, omwe amakhala kum'mwera kwa Africa, sabwerera kwawo, atakonza madera okhala.
Pansipa, pamafotokozedwe amtunduwu, zimafotokozeredwa mwatsatanetsatane zokhudzana ndi malo a agulugufe ndi komwe amachokera.
Adani achilengedwe a agulu oyera
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya White Stork
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi adani achilengedwe ochepa.
Kwa mbalame zazikulu, zotsatirazi zimatengedwa ngati adani:
Zisa za dokowe zitha kuwonongeka ndi mbalame zazikulu, amphaka ndi marten. Mwa matenda omwe amapezeka mumthumba, makamaka matenda a parasitiki amapezeka.
Ana agalu amatenga matenda amtunduwu monga:
- chaunocephalus ferox,
- histriorchis tricolor,
- dyctimetra discoidea.
Mbalame zimafala chifukwa chodya nsomba zomwe zimayamwa ndi nyama, kunyamula chakudya pansi. Komabe, munthu amatengedwa ngati mdani wamkulu wa mbalame zoyera zoyera. Kupatula apo, mbalame zambiri zimafa chifukwa cholumikizidwa ndi zingwe zamagetsi. Mbalame zimafa chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, achinyamata nthawi zina amasweka pama waya. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale kuti kusaka mbalame zamtunduwu tsopano ndizochepa, mbalame zambiri zimafa m'manja mwa ozembetsa. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimafa nthawi youluka. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zazing'ono zimafa, mbalame zomwe zimawulukira nthawi yozizira.
Nthawi zina, makamaka nthawi yachisanu, mbalame zambiri zimafa chifukwa cha nyengo. Mphepo, mvula yamkuntho, ndi chimfine zimatha kupha mbalame mazana angapo nthawi imodzi. Choyipa chachikulu chamadontho ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyumba zomwe mbalame zidakhalapo. Kubwezeretsa akachisi osasamba, nsanja za madzi ndi malo ena pomwe pali mbidzi. Mbalame zimamanga zisa zawo kwa nthawi yayitali. Kapangidwe ka chisa chimatenga zaka zingapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti agulugufe sangathe kuchulukitsa akauluka kwawo komwe amakhala.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Awiri mbulu zoyera
Chiwerengero cha abulu oyera chikukula ndipo izi sizibweretsa nkhawa. Pakalipano pali magulu awiriawiri padziko lonse lapansi oswana 150,000 Mbidzi zimakhazikika msanga ndikukulitsa malo okhala. Posachedwa, mitundu ya White Stork yalembedwa mu Zowonjezera 2 ku Red Book of Russia ngati mtundu womwe ukufunika kuthandizidwa mwapadera ndi momwe alili chilengedwe. Mtunduwu uli ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wopanda nkhawa.
Kusaka mbuluku sikuletsedwa m'maiko ambiri. Kuthandizira mbalamezi ndi kukonzanso mbalame zomwe zili pamavuto mdziko lathu, malo okonzanso zinthu monga malo osungirako mbalame a mbalame ya mbalame, malo a Romashka omwe ali m'chigawo cha Tver, ndi malo okonzanso a Phoenix akugwirabe ntchito.M'malo oterowo, mbalame zimakonzedwanso ndipo zalandira kuvulala koopsa komanso kukhala ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo.
Pofuna kuthandiza anthu amtunduwu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisawononge zisa ndi zinthu zomwe zimamangidwamo. Samalani kwambiri ndi mbalamezi, komanso nyama zonse zamtchire. Tisaiwale kuti kuvulaza kwakukulu kwa mbalame ndi zamoyo zonse papulaneti lathuli kumachitika chifukwa cha munthu, kumangowononga zachilengedwe. Kupanga misewu, kupanga zovulaza, kudula mitengo komanso kuwononga malo okhala mbalamezi. Tiyeni tisamalire mbalame zokongola izi ndikuziyembekezera nthawi zonse zamasika.
Chikopa choyera - iyi ndi mbalame yodabwitsadi, mdziko la nyama ndizovuta kupeza zolengedwa zambirimbiri kuposa agulugufe. Mbalamezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chithandizo chapadera. Mfundo yoti mbawala zimamanga ndi kukonza nyumba zawo kwazaka zambiri, komanso kuti makolo amalolera wina ndi mnzake, kuthandizira posamalira anapiye, zikuwonetsa gulu lalikulu la mbalamezi. Ngati dokowe wakakhala pafupi ndi nyumba yanu, mukudziwa, ndi mwayi.
Moyo wamtchire
Dokowe yoyera ikuuluka nthawi zambiri. Ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu njira yopindulitsa yowuluka - kukwera. Tikapeza malo abwino oti izi, dokowe amatha kuuluka mtunda wautali popanda mapiko. Mbalamezi zimawuluka makilomita 200-250 patsiku.
Pakuuluka, mbalame imatha kugona. Asayansi apanga lingaliro lotere kuchokera ku deta yakuchepera kwa kugunda ndi kupuma kwa mbalame. Kumva kukuchulukirachulukira kuti mbalame imve komwe gulu likuwuluka.
Kwa nyengo yozizira mbalame zimawuluka mumitundu yambiri. Pakadali pano, amasinthana ndi kudya tizilombo, amakonda dzombe. Ku Africa amatchedwa "mbalame za dzombe."
Asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito banding kuti azisamalira agalu. Posachedwa, kuwunika kwa satellite kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuperekera kwa mbalame zotumiza zikumasulira ma satelayiti. Chifukwa cha njirayi, asayansi amafufuza za moyo wa mbalame, momwe chinkhanira chimadyera, ndi momwe zina zosangalatsa zimafalira.
Kodi mbawala imadya chiyani mwachilengedwe
Dokowe yoyera amadya nyama zing'onozing'ono zamtundu wamphongo ndi zopanda nyama. Amadyetsa achule, anjoka, ziwala, kudya nsikidzi, zonyansa, nsomba zazing'ono, abuluzi. Kuyenda kwa mbalame mukamayang'ana chakudya kumakhala kosangalatsa. Koma akangozindikira nyama, amathamangira kwa iyo ndikuigwira. Amatengera madzi anapiye awo ndi milomo yawo.
Pofunafuna chakudya, dokowe amayenda mozungulira malo osambira ndi malo otsika. Kapangidwe ka thupi lake kumamulola kuchita izi. Miyendo yokhala ndi zala zazitali imakhazikika pamalo osalala komanso osalala. Ndipo mulomo wotalikirapo umakupatsani mwayi kuti mutenge zabwino zamtundu uliwonse kuchokera pansi pake - mollusks, nkhono, achule.
Amatha kusonkha nsomba zakufa, Osasangalanso kukondwerera:
Zachidziwikire, sizosavuta kugwira nyama zam'manja.
Kusaka kwamapiko kumatsogolera m'madzi osayaSakonda kupita m'madzi akuya. Amatha kudya pansi, amakonda udzu wometedwa kumene, komwe amakola tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ku Africa, agulu amasonkhana komwe anthu amawotcha udzu. M'malo oterowo mumatha kuwona mazana a mbalame. Zimawulukira kuminda ndikutola mphutsi kumeneko.
Ana agulu amatha kuyembekeza nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kudikirira pafupi ndi dzenje ndikudikirira kuti atulutse mphuno zake. Nthawi yakutha kotero sichidutsa mphindi zingapo.
Madzi amatope, mbalameyi imasaka “mwamwayi” osawona nyama. Amatsegula ndikutseka mulomo m'madzi mpaka tadpole wina atagwidwa. Mbalame imatha kugwira chakudya pa ntchentche, ikamagwira chinjoka kapena tizilombo tina. Akaidi, mbalame zimagwira chakudya, ngati agalu, pa ntchentche.
Chumba chimapha tizilombo toopsa: bug-bug, kachilombo ka kachilomboka, kachikumbu ka beet. Zimathandizira alimi kuchotsa chimbalangondo - kachilombo koyipa komwe alimi onse amadziwa.
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbewa ndi mbewa, abuluzi amadya makoswe amenewa, ndipo amawathandiza kwambiri anthu.
Tsamba limodzi limasowa magalamu 700 a chakudya patsiku. Mukamadyetsa ana, kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka, ndipo achikulire amakhala tsiku lonse kufunafuna chakudya.
Kukula anapiye
Makolo amadyetsa ana ndi nyongolotsikuwapatsa iwo kuchokera pakamwa pake. Chingwe chagwira mphutsi pa ntchentche kapena kusonkhanitsa chisa. Akukula, amatenga chakudya kuchokera pakamwa pa akuluakulu. Makolo amayang'anira ana, odwala ndi ofowoka amaponyedwa kunja kwa chisa. Nthochi zimatha kufa chifukwa chosowa chakudya.
Pakatha masiku 55, anapiye amayamba kuyenda. Kuyesera kwawo koyambirira kumayang'aniridwa ndi makolo awo, kuwadyetsa masiku ena 18. Achichepere amagona usiku mu zisa za makolo awo, ndipo amaphunzira kuwuluka masana.
Pambuyo masiku 70, unyamata umalandira ufulu ndikulowera nyengo yachisanu. Akuluakulu amawuluka pambuyo pake - mu Seputembara.
Zosangalatsa
Dokowe yoyera, ikakumana ndi banja, imayamba ndikudina mokweza mawu. Mwakutero, mbalameyi imaponyera mutu wake kuti ipange malo osinthika omwe amawonjezera phokoso. Chifukwa chake, agulu amalankhulana.
Poyerekeza ndi abale, mbalame imachita zinthu mwankhanza. Anthu ofooka amathanso kumenyedwa mpaka kufa.
Chiwerengero cha abuluzi kumadera akumadzulo chikucheperachepera. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya., kuchulukitsa kufalikira kwachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalame zizifa komanso kuphwanya lamulo la kubereka. Ku Russia, kuchuluka kwa mbalame, m'malo mwake, kukukulira.
Kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi, pali mitundu pafupifupi 300,000 ya ana agalu oyera, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatuwa amakhala ku Russia, Belarus ndi Ukraine.
Nthano zosangalatsa ndi zokhudzana ndi mbalame. Dokowe wakhala akuti ndiwoteteza ku mphamvu za satana. Pali nthano yofotokoza komwe mbalameyo idachokera. Malinga ndi iye, Mulungu, pakuwona kuwopsa kwa njoka, adaganiza zowononga. Anasonkhanitsa zimbudzi zonse m'thumba ndikupempha munthuyo kuti ataye chikwama munyanja kapena m'mapiri. Koma bambo wina chifukwa cha chidwi adatsegula chikwama chija ndikumasulira osefwawo. Monga chilango, Mlengi adasanduza munthu kuti akhale nkhumba ndipo adamuumiriza kuti atole njoka m'moyo wake wonse.
Palinso nthano ina "Caliph-Stork", pomwe munthu adasandulika mbalame yokongola iyi.
Kodi mbulu amadya chiyani?
Ana agalu amadya nyama zokha. Zakudya zake ndizosiyanasiyana, koma zimakhala ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimaphatikizapo:
- Zinyama zazikazi: ma mbewa, makoswe, mbewa, timiyendo tating'ono ndi makoswe ena ngati mbewa, agologolo oyika maanga, agalu achichepere, maula, ma arm. M'midzi, agulugufe ena amatha kusaka nkhuku ndi agogo,
- anapiye ang'ono
- mbala ndi zapamtunda: achule, mikanda, abuluzi osiyanasiyana, njoka (njoka, njoka),
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri ndi mphutsi zawo - dzombe ndi zina dzombe, mbawala, chafiri, mavu a masamba, ziwala, zimbalangondo,
- masoka am'madzi am'madzi, am'madzi am'madzi, nyongolotsi,
- Ponena za nsomba, mitundu ina ya agulu, monga yoyera, sakonda kuidya. Anapiye akuda amadya pafupipafupi. Dokowe wakuda amadya nsomba zokha.
Kutengera ndi nthawi ya chaka, chakudya chamadontho amasintha. Madziwe ang'onoting'ono akauma ndikucheperachepera okhala ndi chakudya chambiri, tizilombo tokhala ndi mapiko akulu timakhala chakudya. Ana agulu amameza nyama yawo yonse. Zotsalira zoperewera (nthenga, ubweya, mamba, etc.) mbalame zimangokhala ngati zingwe.
Mwa njira, adokota amatha kudya njoka zapoizoni osadzivulaza. Mwachiwonekere, iwo samagwidwa ndi poizoni.
Mbalame zimadyera pamalo otseguka: kumapiri, kumapiri a mitsinje ndi madambo, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, malo otsetsereka ndi malo ena omwe amawonekera bwino. Ngakhale aguluguwe amawoneka pafupipafupi, iwo eni amatha kuwona zoopsa ali kutali.
Ana agalu, monga mbalame zonse zazikulu, amasamala kwambiri. Paulendo wa pandege komanso usiku amakhala limodzi. Mbalame zimadyera mosiyana, koma nthawi yomweyo musataye kulumikizana ndi abale.
Kodi mbawala zimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbuluzi kumadalira mtundu ndi malo okhala. Ana agalu oyera amakhala zachilengedwe pafupifupi zaka 20 mpaka 21 (malinga ndi zina, mpaka zaka 33), ali mu ukapolo, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chapamwamba. Ana agogo a Kum'mawa omwe ali mu ukapolo adakhalako zaka 48. Chiwerengero chotalika kwambiri cha moyo wa akhwawa akakhala kundende ndi zaka 31, pomwe mu vivo chiwerengerochi ndi zaka 18.
Mitundu ya agulu, mayina ndi zithunzi
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yamtundu wa dokowe (Ciconia):
- Ciconia abdimii (Lichtenstein, 1823) - dothi loyera,
- Ciconia boyciana (Swinhoe, 1873) - dokowe wolipidwa wakuda, dokowe waku China, dokowe waku Far East, Dothi loyera la Far
- Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758) - dombo loyera:
- Ciconia ciconia asiatica (Severtzov, 1873) - Turkestan oyera,
- Ciconia ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758) - Cizungu, ku Europe,
- Ciconia episcopus (Boddaert, 1783) - dokowe wokhala ndi mbewa:
- Ciconia episcopus episcopus (Boddaert, 1783),
- Ciconia episcopus microscelis (G. R. Grey, 1848),
- Ciconia episcopus kunyalanyaza (Finsch, 1904)
- Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) - dokowe wakuda,
- Ciconia maguari (Gmelin, 1789) - Nguluwe waku America,
- Ciconia mkuntho (W. Blasius, 1896) - Chitsamba cha ubweya wa Malaika.
Lotsatira ndi kufotokozera zamtunduwu.
- Chikopa choyera(Ciconia ciconia)
amakhala kumadera ena a ku Europe (kuyambira kumwera kwa Sweden ndi Denmark kupita ku France ndi Portugal, kumayiko a Eastern Europe), ku Ukraine, ku Russia (kuchokera ku Vologda Oblast kupita ku Transcaucasia), ku Central Asia ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa (kuchokera kumpoto kwa Morocco kupita kumpoto Tunisia). Malinga ndi malo okhalamo, magulu awiri a nkhumba zoyera ndizosiyanitsidwa: European (Ciconia ciconia ciconia) ndi Turkestan (Ciconia ciconia asiatica) Bungwe la Turkestan subspecies ndilokulirapo kuposa European; limapezeka ku Central Asia ndi madera ena a Transcaucasia.
Thupi la agulu loyera limakhala ndi mtundu woyera, womwe umadziwika ndi dzinalo. Nthenga zokha zomwe zili kumapeto kwa mapikowo ndi zakuda, ndipo mpaka mbalamezo zitawongola, zikuwoneka kuti thupi lonse lakumunsi ndi lakuda. Kuchokera apa kunabwera dzina lodziwika bwino la mbalameyo - Chernoguz. Mlomo ndi miyendo yake ndi zofiira. Anapiyewo amakhala ndi milomo yakuda. Khungu la Bare pafupi ndi maso ndi mulomo ndi lofiira kapena lakuda. Iris ndi yakuda kapena yofiirira. Masikulidwe a mapiko ndi 55-63 cm, mchira ndi 21.5-26 cm, metatarsus ndi 17-23,5 cm, mulomo ndi masentimita 14 mpaka 20. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika 1.02 m. Mapiko ndi 1.95-2, 05m Dokowe yoyera imalemera kilogalamu 3.5-4.4. Akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa amuna.
Ana agalu oyera, omwe amakhala kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe, amawuluka kum'mwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mbidzi zokhala kumadzulo kwa Elbe zimawulukira ku Strait of Gibraltar ndikugonjetsa malo ochepa kwambiri. Popeza adakwera pamwamba pa Spain, akonzekera kupita ku Africa. Pamenepo, amapitilizabe kumadzulo, ndikuwoloka gawo la Sahara, nkhalango zowoneka bwino ndikuima ku South Africa. Zitsamba zobwera kum'mawa kwa Elbe zikuuluka kupita ku Bosphorus, ndikuwuluka mozungulira Nyanja ya Mediterranean kudutsa Syria, Israel, kudutsa kumpoto kwa Nyanja Yofiira, Egypt, ndikuwuluka mumtsinje wa Nile ndikupita ku South Africa. Mitundu yoyenda ku Turkestan ya dokowe yoyera nthawi zambiri nyengo yozizira ku India, ku Ceylon, koma anthu ena amadikirira nyengo yozizira m'chigawo cha Syr Darya ku Central Asia komanso kumapiri a Talysh ku Transcaucasia.
Mbawala zoyera zimakhazikika pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, chifukwa ndi zofunikira kuti iwo azitha kumanga zisa zawo “pamapiri opangidwa ndi anthu”. Anthu pawokha nthawi zambiri "amathandizira" mbalame pomanga, kupanga chisa cha chisa chake ndi manja awo kapena kupanga maziko ake: amaika mawilo kapena nsanja zapadera pamatanda, mitengo kapena nyumba za pafamu momwe mbalame zimakhalira chisa chawo chamtsogolo.
- Dokowe wakuda(Ciconia nigra)
mtundu womwe umapewa anthu. Kukhazikika kwake kumakhala kofikirako kwakukulu ku Eurasia: kuchokera ku Scandinavia ndi ku Iberia Peninsula kupita kumadera akutali a Kumawa. Gawo lakumpoto logawika limafanana ndi 61 ndi 63 kufanana, kum'mwera kumadutsa ku Balkan, Crimea, Transcaucasia, Iran, Central Asia, Mongolia, komanso pakati pa China. Gulugufe wakuda nyengo ya Africa, ku India ndi China. Ku Africa, mbalame siziuluka mopitirira kuposa Ikweta. Zowona, kumwera kwa madera enieni a anthu omwe amabwera kumeneko nthawi zonse osamukirako ndikukhalabe kwathunthu.
Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu umawongoleredwa ndi wakuda, pomwe maula akuda amatulutsa amadyera, amkuwa kapena ofiirira. Nthenga zoyera zimamera kokha pakatipa kakang'ono, kumbuyo kwa chifuwa ndi zigawo za axillary. Mlomo wa mbalame umayenda pang'ono kupita m'mwamba. Miyendo, mulomo ndi khungu kuzungulira maso ndi zofiira. Iris ndi yofiirira. Achichepere amakhala ndi maula oyera, pomwe miyendo ndi mlomo wa ana aang ono zimakhala ndi imvi yobiriwira. Kulemera kwa dokowe wakuda sikupitirira 3 kg, thupi limatha kutalika mita 1. Kutalika kwa mapiko kumasiyana kuchokera pa 52 mpaka 61 masentimita, kutalika kwa metatarsus ndi 18-20 masentimita, mchirawo umakula mpaka 19-25 masentimita, ndipo kutalika kwa mulomo kumafika masentimita 16-19.5.
Dokowe wakuda amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, zilumba pakati pa madambo komanso malo ena osafikirika. Amakonza zisa pamitengo yotalikirana ya mitengo yayitali, 1.5-2 mita kuchokera pa thunthu. Amakhala ndi nthambi za makulidwe osiyanasiyana ophatikizika pansi ndi tambo.M'malo opanda mapiri, mbalamezi zimasankha miyala, miyala, ndi zina. Awiri a agalu nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zisa padera achibale. Nkhondo nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamtunda wa 6 km kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. M'malo ena, mwachitsanzo, Eastern Transcaucasia, mtunda pakati pawo umachepetsedwa 1 km, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zisa ziwiri zimapezeka pamtengo womwewo.
Mu clutch pali mazira atatu mpaka 5, omwe ali ocheperako kuposa agulu loyera. Mbawala zamtambo zimakutidwa ndi oyera kapena imvi, ndipo milomo yawo imakhala lalanje kumunsi ndipo imayera chikasu pamapeto pake. Choyamba, ana agalu akuda amama, kenako amakhala m chisa ndipo atatha masiku 35 mpaka 40 atayamba kuimirira. Ana agalu amtunduwu amatuluka chisa m'masiku 64-65 atabadwa. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, agulu akuda amatha kufuula. Amatchulira mawu okwera komanso otsika, ofanana ndi "chi-li". Mbalame zamchere sizimakhota nthawi zambiri komanso zimakhala phokoso kwambiri kuposa nthenga zoyera.
- Chikwangwani choyera(Ciconia abdimii)
Uwu ndi mtundu wamtchire wa ku Africa womwe umachokera ku Ethiopia mpaka ku South Africa.
Imodzi mwa agulu aang'ono kwambiri, mpaka 73 cm. Kulemera kwa mbalameyo ndi kilogalamu imodzi. Mtunduwo umayang'aniridwa ndi wakuda, yoyera yokha chifuwa komanso kufinya. Mlomo, mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, ndi imvi. Miyendo ndi yofiyira. Chodabwitsa pakati pa mbawala yoyera ndi kupindika kwa khungu kuzungulira maso mkati mwa nthawi yakukhwima. Maso pawokha ali ndi utoto wofiira. Akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa amuna. Ikani mazira 2-3.
- Chumba choyera(Ciconia episcopus) ili ndi masamba atatu:
- Ciconia episcopus episcopus amakhala kumapiri a Hindustan, Indochina ndi Islands Islands,
- Ciconia episcopus microscelis opezeka ku Uganda ndi Kenya - mayiko otentha ku Africa,
- Ciconia episcopus kunyalanyaza -Munthu wokhala pachilumba cha Java ndi zilumba zomwe zili pamalire a mayiko aku Asia ndi Australia.
Kutalika kwa mbuluzi kumasiyana masentimita 80 mpaka 90. Nape, khosi ndi chifuwa chapamwamba cha mbalame ndizoyera komanso zotentha. Nthenga zokhala m'mimba ndi mchira wake ndi zoyera. Mutu pamwamba ndi wakuda, ngati kuti wavala chipewa. Mapiko ndi thupi lakumaso ndi lakuda bii, ndimtambo wofiyira pamapewa, ndipo malekezero a mapikowo amatembenuka ndimtambo wonyezimira. Ana agulugufe oyera amakhala m'magulu kapena awiriawiri pafupi ndi madzi.
- Chitsamba cha ubweya wa Malaika(Ciconia mkuntho)
mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe ili pafupi kutha. Padziko lonse lapansi pali anthu 400 kapena 500. Kukula kwa mbalame ndi kocheperako: kuchokera pa 75 mpaka 91 cm. Khosi ndi loyera. Mutu wa dokosi wavala chisoti chachifumu. Khungu lopanda tsitsi lomwe limakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu ndi wachikasu kuzungulira maso. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndizofiyira.
Ana agulu opakidwa ndi ubweya wa ku Melika amakhala pachilumba china cha Indonesia, ku Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei. Amakhala okha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje yamadzi abwino ozungulira nkhalango.
- Dokowe waku America(Ciconia maguari)
nthumwi ya Dziko Latsopano. Amakhala ku South America.
Chimawoneka ngati mbere yoyera kukula ndi mawonekedwe. Kusiyana: mchira wakuda, khungu lalanje-lalanje kuzungulira maso, imvi kumapeto kwake ndi mulomo wabuluu kumapeto kwake ndi khungu loyera lamaso. Anapiye a nkhumba amabadwa oyera, amakuda ndi zaka, kenako ndikupeza mtundu waubwino. Kutalika kwa mbalameyo kumafika masentimita 90, mapiko ndi 120 masentimita, ndipo chinzake chimalemera 3.5 kg. Amanga zisa zotsika: m'matchire, pamitengo yotsika komanso pansi, koma nthawi zonse amazunguliridwa ndi madzi.
- Nguluwe yofiyirira (Ciconia boyciana)
Mtundu wokhala ndi mayina ambiri: Chiweto cha Amur, dokowe waku China, Far East kapena far Eastern oyera. M'mbuyomu, mtunduwu unkawonedwa kuti ndi mtundu wa nkhumba yoyera. Koma, mosiyana ndi yoyera, dokowe wokhala wakuda amakhala ndi mlomo wakuda utali kutiwongo kupita kumtunda, miyendo yofiyira ndi lingaliro, kachifuwa kofiyira, chovala choyera, ndi chofiyira chakumaso kumakhala kumapeto kwa nthenga zina zakuda.
Anapiye a agalu a Amur ali ndi milomo yofiirira. Mwa achichepere, zakuda zimasinthidwa ndi bulauni. Kukula kwake, mbalameyi imakhala yayikulu kuposa abale ake: kutalika kwa mapiko ndi 62-67 masentimita, mulomo ndi masentimita 19.5-26, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 1,15 m, dokowe limalemera mpaka 5.5 kg.Tizilombo ta Kum'maŵa Kwambiri timadyera nsomba zokha, mwachitsanzo crucian carp, m'chiuno.
Mayina onse a mbalame akuwonetsa malo omwe amakhala: Far East (Amur Region, Primorye, Ussuri Territory), kumpoto kwa China. Kuphatikiza apo, mtunduwu umapezeka ku Japan ndi Korea. Gulugufe wakuda nthawi yozizira makamaka kumwera kwa China, pachilumba cha Taiwan komanso m'dera la Hong Kong. Magulu ena amasamukira nyengo yachisanu kupita ku North Korea, South Korea, Japan, nthawi zina kukafika ku Philippines, Myanmar, Bangladesh ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India. Ku Japan, mbalame zimakhala nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi yozizira, osati kuuluka kumwera nthawi yachisanu. Pafupi ndi mwamunayo, dokowe wakuda samakhala, amakonda kukhala chisa m'nkhalango mitengo yayitali. Tizilombo titha kukhala nthambi zazitali komanso zotsika. Amakhala olemera kwambiri kuti nthawi zina nthambi sizitha kuthana ndi kukokera pansi, chifukwa zisa zake zimagwera pansi. Mu clutch pali mazira 3-5.
Chumba cha Far East ndi mtundu wosowa wotetezedwa ku Russia, Japan ndi China. Zalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia, China ndi Korea, komanso mu International Red Book. Mwachilengedwe, palibe anthu oposa 3,000.
Kubadwa kwa mbawala
Ana agulu amatsogolera nkhosa, kupatula nthawi yakubzala. Mbalame zimamanga zisa kuti zigwiritsenso ntchito, zimaziyika pamitengo, miyala, m'matanthwe, padenga la nyumba ndi nyumba zina.
- Mbawala zoyera zimatha kukhala ndi gulu lonse. Mwa njira, mbalame zamtunduwu zimayenda ndi anthu ndikukhazikika osati pamitengo, osati kutali ndi nyumba za anthu, komanso pamadenga a nyumba, nsanja zamadzi, mapaipi a fakitole, nsanja zopatsira mphamvu, mitengo ndi zina. Ana agalu oyera amasankha nyumba za anthu, chifukwa ndi zothandiza kupeza nesting, ngakhale mbalame sizifunikira anthu oyandikana nawo.
- Mbawala zakuda zimakhala kutali ndi anthu.
Kubwerera ku nthawi yozizira, abuluzi nthawi zambiri amakonzanso chisa chija, amachikongoletsa ndi timitengo, udzu, ndodo. Chisa chatsopano nthawi zambiri sichitha kupitirira mita imodzi, ndipo chakale, chitamalizidwa, chitha kufikira 2.3 m ndikulemera masentimita. Zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 8 kuti amange. Pafupi ndi chisa choyamba, agulu loyera amathanso kupanga chachiwiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugona kapena kuteteza chisa choyamba. Nthawi zina agulu aang'ono, omwe sanakonzekere kubereketsa, samafuna kumanga chisa chawo ndikuyesa kugwira ena. Poterepa, bambo wachikulireyo akung'amba mkamwa mwake ndi kudziponyera wotsutsana naye. Okwatirana ena amakhala ndi zisa za mbalame zodyedwa.
Chapakatikati, yamphongo imawulukira chisa kaye ndikuyitanitsa mnzake - wamkazi aliyense wouluka. Zimachitika kuti chibwenzi chakalechi chibwerera kwa champhongo, ndipo ngati malo ake atengedwa, ndiye kuti kulimbana kumachitika pakati pa achikazi. Wopambana adatsala, ndipo wotsutsa wake ayenera kuuluka. Akatswiri ambiri amatsatira mtunduwu kuti agulugufe ndi mbalame zodumphadumpha ndipo zimawulukira ku chisa ndi abwenzi awo okhazikika, ndipo sizipanga awiriawiri atangofika.
Kukonza kapena kumanga zisa zikamalizidwa, masewera aubwenzi amayamba. M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya agulu, mwambowu ndi wosiyana.
Mumatumba oyera, gule wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, amagwedeza ndi milomo yawo ndikuyamba kuwoneka ngati wokongola, naponya mitu yawo kumbuyo. Khungu pamphumi ndi pakhungu limatupa, ndikupanga gawo la kummero, lomwe limagwira ngati kupundulanso. Mbidzi zimadula milomo yawo, ndipo mawu ake amatuluka amakhala ngati akusweka. Wamphongo amakhala wakhama kwambiri kuposa wamkazi. Imatha kuzungulira pamwamba pa chisa, kukwera ndi kugwa kwambiri. Ngati wamkazi amakhala mchisa, amayesetsa kuinyamula, ndikudula mnzake ndi mlomo wake ndikudziyandikira pafupi nawo. Akaziwo akadzuka, kulumikizana kumachitika, pomwe yamphongo imagwera kwa mnzake, ikugwedeza miyendo yake ndikukhomerera mapiko ake.
Anapiye akuda samaponyera mitu yawo ndipo samadula milomo yawo. Amawoneka kuti amagwadana wina ndi mnzake kapena kuyenda ndi khosi lalitali, woweramitsidwa mutu ndi mulomo atakanikizidwa kukhosi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, amakoka milomo yawo m'misempha ya mutu kapena khosi la mnzake.
Yaikazi imayikira mazira 3-5, kuyamba kuyambitsa kuyamwa iwo ngakhale isanathe kuikidwa. Mazira a dokowe ndi zoyera, ndi granular pamwamba, elong. Amalemera pafupifupi 120 g.
Kubwatchera kumatenga masiku 30. Makolonu onse amatchera tiana: Nthawi zambiri yamphongo imachita izi masana, ndipo wamkazi usiku. Chichewa amabadwa ali khungu, koma kuyamba kuwona patatha maola ochepa.
Ana agogo obadwa kumene amaphimbidwa ndi zoyera pansi, miyendo yawo ndi yapinki ndipo mulomo wawo ndi wakuda. Second fluff amawonekera patatha sabata. Ngati chithaphwi choyera, pakatha masiku 16, mbalamezo zimayamba kuyimirira. Pofika tsiku la 25 amangoima miyendo yonse, ndipo atatha masiku 10 amatha kuyimirira mwendo umodzi. Masiku 70 atabadwa, achichepere amachoka chisa. Anapiye akuda amamera pang'onopang'ono.
Sizovuta kudyetsa ana a nkhumba zowonda. Amuna ndi akazi onse amatenga nawo mbali pakudyetsa. Chimodzi mwa izo chili pafupi ndi anapiye, chinacho chikuuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, mwana wamwamuna wa dokowe amasintha chisa chake, kubweretsa zida zomanga zosiyanasiyana: nthambi, udzu, nthambi. Podikirira chakudya, anawo amadula mulomo wawo. Ngati makolo apukutira anapiyewo ndikutaya chakudya kummero, mbuluzi amazigwira ndikuuluka kapena kuzisonkhanitsa pansi pa chisa. Kukula, anapiye amang'amba chakudya kuchokera kwa makolo awo pamlomo.
Bambo ndi mayi amasamalira ana awo mokoma mtima. Mbalame, yomwe imakhala chisa chokhala ndi adokowe, m'masiku otentha imawateteza ku dzuwa, kuyimirira pamwamba pawo ndi mapiko otambalala. Makolo amabweretsa madzi m'milomo yawo kuti amwetsere tiana kapena kuti asambe. Koma ana, odwala, ofooka, okhala ndi majeremusi amangoponyedwa m'chisa ndi abuluzi.
Ana agulu akuyamba kuwuluka amakhala ochepa malo okhala chisa chawo. Banja lonse limasonkhana m'mudzimo. Kenako anapiyewo amawuluka kwina, ndipo pamapeto pake, mbalame zimayamba kupanga. Mbawala zimachoka m'mawa kwambiri: woyamba kenako wamkulu. Ndipo ngakhale achichepere amauluka popanda woperekeza, chitsogozo chimawatsogolera m'njira yoyenera. Zinakhazikitsidwa kuti nthawi yakuchokako sikugwirizana chilichonse ndi kuzizira, kapena zopanda pake. Koma nthawi yamoyo ya mbalamezi imakonzedwa mwanjira yoti ifike nthawi yotentha nthawi yeniyeniyo, yomwe imafunikira kubereketsa. Ana a agalu amayamba nesting ali ndi zaka 3-4. Nthawi zina izi zimachitika kale, patatha zaka ziwiri, kapena pambuyo pake - mpaka zaka 6.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa dokowe ndi heron?
- Ana agalu ndi amodzi mwa dongosolo la ciconiiformes, banja la abulu. Herons ndi m'gulu la ma Ciconiiformes, banja la azikulu.
- Ana agalu ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi mbalame zambiri kuposa nkhumba.
- Mosiyana ndi agulugufe, khosi la zitsamba limakhala loonda kwambiri komanso lalitali.
- Pakuuluka, aguluguwa amapititsa khosi kutsogolo, komwe sikukutulutsa zitsamba.
Kumanzere kuli nsomba yayikulu ya buluu, kumanja kuli nguluwe yoyera. Wolemba chithunzicho kumanzere: Cephas, CC BY-SA 4.0, wolemba chithunzi kumanja: sipa, CC0.
- Kusiyana pakati pa dokowe ndi heron ndi kutalika kwa zala. Mbidzi ndi zazifupi kwambiri kuposa mbewa.
- Zitsamba zimakhala ndikugwira nyama m'malo osasamba, malo osefukira komwe ma stork, chifukwa cha zala zawo, zimakhala zovuta. Chifukwa chake, agulugufe amadya pamtunda kwambiri.
- Ana agulugufe amawuluka mlengalenga, pomwe ziwulu zimawuluka, zikuwuluka mapiko awo ndipo nthawi zina zimakonzekera.
- Mu stork, sternum imakhala ndi mawonekedwe apakati, mu heron, sternum ndi yayitali.
- Maudzu a agulu samasiya zisa kuti akwere mitengo. Mbuto zazing'ono zazikazi, m'malo mwake, zikuyenda kuchoka ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, kugwiritsa ntchito miyendo, milomo, mapiko osapsa.
- Zitsamba sizikonza zisa m'miyala ndi m'miyala, mosiyana ndi agulu.
Grey heron kumanzere, mbulu wakuda kumanja. Wolemba chithunzicho kumanzere: Barbara Walsh, CC BY 2.0, wolemba chithunzi kumanja: Johann Jaritz, CC BY-SA 3.0 ku.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kakhwangwala ndi dokowe?
- Agulu ndi akhwangwala ndi oimira osiyanasiyana. Dokowe ndi gawo la ciconiiformes, banja la abulu. Khwangwala ndi mbalame yochokera kuma cran, banja la akhanu.
- Mlomo wa akhwangwala siwotalikirapo ngati wa dokowe.
- M'minda yambiri yamakhola mumakhala nthenga zosalala, zazitali. Mu mbawala, zimakhala zolimba komanso zazifupi.
- Cranes amapanga mawu osokosera ndipo amveka kwambiri. Ana ambiri a dokowe alibe mawu (kupatula kwa dokowe wakuda), amangodziwika kokha mwa kuwonekera kwa mulomo.
- Kusiyana pakati pa mbalame kumawonedwa pakudya kwawo. Ana agulu amadya nyama zochepa zokha.Korona, mosiyana ndi dokowe, amakhala wowonda kwambiri: amadya zipatso ndi njere zamasamba, mphukira zamasamba osiyanasiyana ndi chimanga. Cranes amadya zochepa nyama.
- Cranes zimangokhala m'malo otetezeka. Kuphatikiza pa maiwe, abuluzi amasankhanso malo otseguka, kuphatikizaponso malo okhala.
Kumanzere kuli kakhwangwala waku America, kumanja kuli nkhata yoyera. Wolemba chithunzicho kumanzere: Ryan Hagerty / USFWS, Public Domain, wolemba chithunzi kumanja: dassel, CC0.
- Masewera achikwati a abuluzi ndi zikwangwani zimasiyana.
- Mbidzi zimamanga zisa zawo pamwamba pamtunda: pamitengo, mitengo, padenga la nyumba, miyala. Cranes sizimakhala pamitengo, ndipo zisa zimakonzedwa pansi. Zisa zaku Cranes ndizochepa kukula.
- Cranes imayikira mazira 1-2, abulu 3-5 mazira.
- Makolonu onse amapatsira mazira agalu, achikazi okha ndi akhwangwala, ndipo amphongo amateteza.
- Ma Cranes amapanga awiriawiri moyo, amakhala limodzi ngakhale akuwuluka m'gulu. Ana agulu amatha kupanga awiriawiri nyengo iliyonse.
- Akauluka nyengo yozizira, akambuku amakondana, agulugufe amawuluka pagululo.
- Makina oyendetsa ndege akuuluka nawonso amawuluka mapiko awo, akumangolira pansi. Mbawala zimakonda kuwuluka.
- Mitundu ina ya agulugufe, makamaka agwedwe oyera, saopa anthu ndipo amakhala pafupi nawo. Cranes amaopa anthu ndipo amakonda kukhala kutali nawo.
Kumanzere kuli khungubwe imvi, kumanja kuli nguluwe yoyera. Wolemba chithunzicho kumanzere: Vyh Pichmann, CC BY-SA 3.0, wolemba chithunzi kumanja: susannp4, CC0.