Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Mbalame yam'madzi pafupi ndi kukula kwa nkhunda, yakuda bii. Kutalika kwa thupi 32-31 masentimita, kulemera kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 220 mpaka 460 g. Chimafanana ndi nkhuku yaying'ono, yokhala ndi miyendo yayitali m'miyendo. Tsatanetsatane wa silhouette ndi mchira wokwezedwa, womwe amapindika nthawi zambiri akakhala ndi nkhawa (ponse pamtunda ndi panjira). Zala zake ndi zazitali kwambiri, zoonda, zopanda mawondo osambira (mosiyana ndi zovala), mapiko amakhala otambalala, ozungulira, mulomo amalozedwa, ndiye kuti pali chifanizo chaching'ono pamphumi (ngati cholembera, koma chaching'ono). Maonekedwe a moorhen ndiwachilendo kwambiri kotero kuti nkovuta kuwasokoneza ndi mbalame ina iliyonse. Zimasungidwa m'malo ena osungira pomwe pali dambo lambiri la zomerazo (kuphatikiza zitsamba za msondodzi). Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Imatha kuwoneka ikuyandama pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa thambo kapena kuyenda m'madzi osaya.

Amatha kuyenda pamiyendo yoyera ya maluwa amadzi ndi zina zam'madzi zamadzi. Imakwera bwino nthambi za mitengo komanso mitengo yambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito zala zake zazitali. Yogwira masana ndi nthawi yamadzulo. Zobisalira mokongola, zomwe zili pachiwopsezo pomwe zimabisala munthaka, kugwidwa m'madzi otseguka - zimathawa pamtunda, kudzithandiza ndi mapiko. Imachoka mosavuta pamtunda ndi madzi, koma imapewa kukwera kwambiri - nthawi zambiri imawuluka pamwamba pamiyendo. Sichimbira, monga lamulo, pokhapokha ngati sichitha kugwiritsa ntchito mapiko ake (mwachitsanzo, pakasungunuka).

Kufotokozera. Zambiri mwa anthu akuluakulu zimakhala zakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi zakuda kumutu ndi khosi komanso zowala pamimba, kumbuyo ndi mapiko zimakhala zofiirira, kumbali zokhala ndi mitsitsi yoyera, ngati kuti kuphimba mapiko okumbika kuchokera pansi, m'mphepete mwa chovala chamkati mwake mulinso loyera. Mu nthawi yamasika komanso koyambilira kwa chilimwe, mlomo umakhala wofiyira komanso nsonga yachikasu, miyendo imakhala yobiriwira, m'chigawo cha calcaneal cholowacho pali "garter" wofiyira, ndipo maso ndi ofiira. Pakapita nthawi yotentha, khungu limazirala, mbali zoyera zimakhala zachikasu, mulomo umakhala wofiyira, ndipo miyendo imakhala yodyeka, maso amaso amakhala oderako.

Phukusi zakuda ndi zakuda, ndipo "mutu wa" dazi "wamutu pamutu, mulomo ndi chikhomo chakhungu ndi chofiyira (mosiyana ndi anapiyewo, chotenthetsera pamutu sichiri lalanje, koma chakuda, monga thupi). Anapiye opindika ndi odera otuwa, okhala ndi mimba yoyera, m'mbali ndi m'mbali mwa chovala chamkatiwo muli zisonyezo zofananira ngati akulu, mulomo ndi miyendo ndi zofiirira. Pofika nthawi ya kugwa, mankhwalawa amasinthidwa kale ndi zovala za mbalame zachikulire.

Voterani - "kubuula" komanso kulira kwamatumbo ngati "crrao».

Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Masanjidwewo ali pafupifupi ponse pozungulira, kuphatikiza kutentha ndi kotentha. Ku Russia Russia, imapezeka kulikonse, kupatula zigawo zakumpoto. Ndizofala, kum'mwera kwa gawo lomwe lingalaliridwe kuli malo ambiri. Mbalame zochokera pakati pa nthawi yozizira zimazizira m'madziwe a Caucasus, kumwera kwa Europe, ku Central Asia ndi ku Africa.

Moyo. Chisa chimabisala m'nkhalango zowirira; nthawi zambiri chimakhala pamadzi kapena pamtunda (mwachitsanzo, pansi pa chitsamba chosaya). Amayesa kuphimba kuchokera kumtunda, ngati kulibe chitetezo chachilengedwe, - - nkuchiyika masamba a mbewu zotchinga ngati denga la gazebo. Mu clutch mpaka mazira 12 owala m'malo ang'onoang'ono abulauni. Onse makolo amathandizira kukhola anapiye; nthawi yotentha, banja limodzi limatha kukhala ndi ana awiri. Mosiyana ndi kuphika, m'dzinja silimakhala timagulu tambiri, mpaka kuwuluka kwa moorhen amakhala m'magulu abanja. Kuchokera ku Russia pakati kumawuluka kumapeto kwa Seputembala, mbalame sizimatha kukhalanso nyengo yachisanu. Kuti chisanu chikuyenda bwino, pamafunika madzi osaya opanda chisanu komanso malo okwanira. Spring ifika kumapeto kwa Epulo.

Zakudya zosakanikirana - ma invertebrates, magawo obiriwira a mbewu, mbewu.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 28- 35. Wingspan amafika masentimita 50-62. Kulemera kumasiyana kuchokera ku 195 mpaka 500. Mlomo ndi wamfupi, mawonekedwe ake ndi atatu. Mtunduwu ndi wofiyira ndi kumaliza chikasu kapena kubiriwira. Pamwamba pa mulomo pali chigamba cha khungu lofiira kwambiri. Kunja, zikuwoneka ngati kupitiriza kwa mulomo. Miyendo yake ndi yayitali, yolimba, utoto wake ndi wachikasu ndi utoto wonyezimira. Kudera lamiyendo yakumanzere pamiyendo pali mphete zofiira. Ziwalo pakati pa zala sizinapangidwe bwino. Amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa zazikazi. Kupanda kutero, akazi ndi amuna ndi ofanana kwambiri.

Zambiri mwa moorhen zimayang'aniridwa ndi mithunzi yakuda. M'nyengo yakukhwima, imakhala ya bulauni kapena imvi yakuda. M'mphepete muli mikwingwirima yoyera. Chovala chamkati choyera ndi mzere wakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu wa azitona wakuda amaonekera kumaso, ndipo m'mimba mumawala. Kukhetsa kumachitika kawiri pachaka. Yoyamba imayamba mu Januware - Febere, ndipo imatha mu Epulo - Meyi. Pakapita nthawi yodzala, kumeranso kwachiwiri. Zoyambira zimayamba pa Julayi, ndipo kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, kuchuluka kwake ndikopepuka. Palibe malo ofiira pamwamba pa mulomo, mulomo ndi imvi ndipo malekezero achikaso.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Awiri a ma moorhen amapanga monogamous, ndipo amapitilira zaka zingapo za moyo. Nthawi yakuswana, banja lirilonse limakhala ndi gawo lawo. Chisa chimakhala pachithaphwi pakati pamadzi, panthambi za mtengo womwe wosefukira, m'mabango kapena m'mabango pafupi ndi madzi. Chisa cha nthambi ndi masamba chikumangidwa, ndipo mbalame zonse ziwiri zikugwira nawo ntchito yomanga. Nyumbayi ndi dengu lomwe limatalika mpaka 15 cm komanso mainchesi ofikira mpaka 25cm. Mu clutch pali mazira awiri mpaka 12. Pali 9 pa avareji: timatanda tiwiri nthawi zambiri timapangidwa nthawi imodzi. M'madera ambiri, yoyamba imachitika mu Epulo - Meyi, ndipo yachiwiri mu Juni - Julayi.

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga milungu itatu, makolo onse amatenga nawo makulidwe. Minkhusu imakutidwa pansi yakuda. Pafupifupi pambuyo pobadwa, amatha kusambira, kuyenda pansi ndi kuyenda komanso kuyenda limodzi ndi nthambi za mitengo. Koma sangathe kudzidyetsa okha. Pakachitika ngozi, amamatira nthenga za makolo awo, ndipo amawuluka napita nawo kumalo otetezeka. Pa mapiko, anapiye amakhala ndi zaka 50 ndikuyamba kudziyimira pawokha. Kutchire, a moorhen akhala zaka 11. Kutha msambo kwa amuna ndi akazi onse kumachitika ali ndi zaka 12 miyezi.

Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino

Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'magulu awiriawiri. Pakasamukira kumene anthu okwana 50 amalowa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi yotsala yomwe amadya pamasamba awo ndikuwateteza kwa alendo. Nthawi yomweyo amachita zinthu mwamwano ndipo mwina atha kumenya nawo nkhondo. Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi nyama komanso nyama. Amadyetsa madzi osaya komanso pafupi ndi madzi. Amadyanso nyongolotsi, nkhono, mbewa, ma nyansi, tizilombo, mphutsi. Kuchokera ku zakudya zamasamba amadya algae, zipatso, mphukira zazing'ono zamadzi zam'madzi ndi pafupi ndi madzi.

Malo osungira

Mwanjira iyi, pali ma subspecies 5. Chiwerengero chawo chili pamlingo wokhazikika. Kupatula kumeneko ndi magulu ochepa okha. Mwa iwo, kuchuluka kwa mbalame kukuchepa. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe. M'mayiko ena, mtundu wa moorhen umakonda kuseweredwa.

Mawonekedwe ndi malo a moorhen

Madzi am'madzi mbalame ya moorhen amapezeka kumakontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica ndi Australia. Simudzamuwona kumapiri a Alps, Scandinavia, kumpoto kwa Russia, zigawo za Asia ndi ku Western Siberia.

Madambo okhala ndi madzi oyimilira kapena madzi, dambo laudzu - malo abwino kukhazikika. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri, kukhala naye tsiku m'chipululu ndikosavuta. Koma limasinthika mosasiyanitsa ndi oyandikana nawo, ndipo amaphatikiza mbalameyi ndi bakha kapena nkhuku yaying'ono.

Kulemera kwa munthu kumasiyana 200 g mpaka 500 g, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pafupifupi 30 cm. chithunzi moorhen ili ndi nthenga zosiyanasiyana: kuchokera pa bulauni mpaka ubweya wopepuka, wamtali wamtambo m'khosi.

M'mphepete mwake muli zingwe zoyera, mchira wokhala ndi chingwe chakuda. Kutengera ndi nyengo, nthenga zomwe zili pamimba zimapeza mtundu wowala, kumbuyo kwake amaponyedwa ndi mtundu wa azitona.

Mtengo wofiyira wowoneka ngati wopindika utatsegulidwa, kulira kofulumira-kocheperako, kofanana ndi mphero, kumaperekedwa. Ndipo pakagwa ngozi - "kurr" wodalirika amakhala chete. Si wokonda "kucheza", koma nthawi yakukhwima sakhala chete, amatha kufuula kwambiri komanso mokweza.

Khalidwe ndi moyo wa a moorhen

M'malo ambiri moorhen kumakhala moyo wongokhala, koma kumpoto nyengo yamphamvu imasamukira. Gawo lamayiko a CIS, makamaka pang'ono kapena osamuka kwathunthu amakhala. Zimakhala m'malo obisika, kutali ndi abale ndi mbalame zina.

Ali ndi "mawonekedwe" owopsa, koma miyendo yosinthika bwino kusuntha ku marshland, muloleni iye kuthamanga mwachangu. Awa ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yolimba, yokhala ndi zala zazitali, pakati pawo palibe ziwalo, ngati mafoni ena amadzi.

Mapiko amathandiziranso kubisala m'manda. Mbalame imathamanga pamadzi, imanyamuka, ndipo ikafika pogona, imakhala pansi. Zimasuntha bwino, nthawi ya kasupe amayendetsa ndege mwanjira yabwino ndipo mwachangu amakagunda mtunda.

Kunja, anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi mosiyana sasiyana wina ndi mzake, amuna ndi okulirapo, ndipo mwa akazi m'mimba pamakhala zowala pang'ono. Chosangalatsa ndichinthu chofunikira pakupanga zovala, akazi awo akumenyera ufulu wokhala ndi amuna. Anthu pawokha amapanga mabanja omwe amakhala zaka zingapo.

Zakudya Moorhen

Zochita zapamwamba bakha wa moorhen imagwera mamawa ndiku kucha kwamadzulo. Amatulutsira chakudya mkati mwa malo okhala, ndipo nthawi yachisanu sichimapitilira malire a magawo azidutswa. Zosavomerezeka chakudya, zimadya masamba ndi nyama zonse:

• Mphukira zamera zing'onozing'ono, mabango, algae m'madzi,
• njere, zipatso, tizilombo tokwawa pansi,
• ochepa amphibians, invertebrates, mollusks.

M'madera oyandikana ndi tawuni, ziweto zimadyetsa anthu 5 mpaka 20. Nthawi zina mumaziwona m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yayikulu, pamalo olimapo ndi abusa amadzi.

Moorhen wofiirira akujambulidwa

Akasaka chakudya, amatha kuyendayenda kwakanthawi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, natembenukira m'mphepete mwa madzi ndi nthenga zamabango, natembenuza masamba amiyala yamiyendo ndi maluwa. Kuyandama pamadzi, nthawi ndi nthawi kumiza mutu, pakapita nthawi ndi miyendo, ndipo thupi limalumphira mchira wochepa, wokweza.

Imagona zisa, mabampu kapena mabatani, imitha kukwera mpaka 10 mita. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala pamimba, nthawi zambiri amakhala atcheru. Amapumira ndikugona malo amodzi, atayimirira pawoko limodzi, kubisala mlomo wake kumbuyo kapena mapiko.

Ara parrot

Komwe kumakhala

Kamyshovka amakhala ku Europe: Ukraine, Poland, Belarus, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, mayiko a Asia Minor: Kazakhstan, Nepal, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Iran.

Mbalameyi imakonda kutentha ndi kutonthoza, chifukwa chake imakhala m'malo zitsamba, tchire, minda - malo onse ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi mitsinje.

Kusamukira kapena nthawi yozizira

Bango limakonda kutentha, motero limakonzekera bwino nyengo yozizira, mwachitsanzo, imasankha dzikolo nthawi yachisanu. Nthawi zambiri, chisankho chake chimagwera India. Mbalame ikadzakhala ikuyenda ku Asia, pamenepo, motero, siyifunikira ndege - kutentha kwa Turkmenistan ndi Kazakhstan kumakhala bwino nayo.

Monga tanenera kale, m'chilengedwe muli mitundu 35 ya bango. Ena mwa iwo ndi achilendo kwambiri ndipo adalembedwanso m'Buku Lofiyira. Chifukwa chake tiyeni tidziwane bwino:

Bango la India

Mbalameyi imakhala ku Central Asia. Ngakhale nyengo yotentha yakumaloko imakupatsani mwayi wokonda kusangalala chaka chonse, mabango aku India amapanga ndege yozizira kupita ku India ndi Pakistan. Mbalameyi idawonedwa pagombe la Nyanja Yakuda: Bulgaria, Romania. Mabukuwa amakhala ndi mabango, malo amtsinje, malo ogumuka, ndi dambo. Amapewa mapiri ndi taiga.

Bango lachi India, ngakhale linali ndi dzina lotentha, lilibe maula owala - kumbuyo ndi mapiko ndi ofiira, tummy ndi brisket ndi zoyera matope. Pali mzere yoyera pamwamba pamaso, koma siowonekera kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi 13-14 cm, kulemera magalamu 17, mapiko - 15-17 masentimita. Kugonana kwa dimorphism kumakhala kofooka kwambiri pakati pa akazi ndi amuna.

Mbalameyi idasankha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga maziko a chakudya.

Great Reed Warbler

Amakhala ku Europe konse. Mbalame imawuluka nthawi yozizira kupita ku Africa yotentha, nthawi zambiri mu Seputembala. Kubwera kunyumba kumachitika mu Epulo.

Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana m'nkhokwe, pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi madambo. Mbalame imadyera chipolopolo, akangaude, amphibians ndi zipatso.

Kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kulibe. Mbalamezi zimapakidwa makamaka zofiirira, brisket ndi tummy zimakhala zoyera. Pamutu pali tustled wokometsedwa. Iris yakuda, pali "nsidze" yoyera. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda, wamphamvu kwambiri. Mbalame imayenda pansi mosasamala.

Bango looneka ngati Thrush ndiye woimira wamkulu wamtunduwu, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 19, kulemera kwa thupi kuchokera pa 25 mpaka 36. Wingspan ndi 13 cm.

Bango la maluwa

Amakhala ku Europe, makamaka: Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, komanso Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Nepal, Afghanistan. Kwa nyengo yozizira, amakonda kuuluka ku India.

Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 11 mpaka 17 cm, ndi kulemera kuchokera ku magalamu 9 mpaka 15. Wingspan - mpaka 10 cm.

Bango la m'munda silingathe kudzitamandira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe, kuphatikiza, zimasokonezedwa ndi mitundu ina ya mabango, mwachitsanzo, mabango, kapena mabere.

Zowonjezerazo zili ndi mtundu wonyezimira - pamwambapo ndimtambo wonenepa, ndipo pamimba ndi brisket ndi maolivi. Miyendo ndi mulomo ndi lalanje wosalala. Maso amtundu wakuda, ndipo pamwamba pakepo pali mzere woyera. Matako a mbalameyi ndi osakhazikika, zikhadabo ndizitali komanso zowongoka. Mchirawo ndi wa kutalika kwapakatikati, wopindika mpaka kumapeto. Chomwe chimawonetsedwa ndi mbalameyi ndi thupi lalikulu, chambiri komanso khosi lalifupi kwambiri, komanso mutu wochepa. Mbalameyi imayimba bwino ndipo imatha kutengera mawu a mbalame zina.

Mundawo umakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Nthawi zambiri, banja limapanga banja moyo wonse, ndipo kholo lililonse limasamala kwambiri pankhani yolera ana.

Bango laku Iraq

Iyi ndi mbalame yakumapeto, ndiye kuti, mtundu womwe umakhala kapena wokhala nawo kokha malo. Mbalameyi imakhala m'madera a East Iraq ndi Israel. Mawonekedwe - osawoneka, maula ndi a bulauni-abula, pansi - azitona. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mchira wokhazikika. Kutalika kwa thupi 17-18 cm, kulemera 20-23 magalamu.

Mbalame imakonda kukhazikika m'nthambi za gumbwa ndi mabango.

Zilumba za Cook za Kamyshovka

Mbalame yosowa kwambiri, yotentha, yomwe, ndizovuta zomwe zimapezeka kuzilumba za Mangaia ndi Mitiaro kapena Cook Islands, monga amatchedwanso. Mbalameyi ili pachiwopsezo cha kutha, kuphatikiza apo, ndi mitundu yosowa ya mabango.

Mbalameyi imakhala m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha komanso otentha, zisumbu, malovu, zitsamba.

Maonekedwe, amafanana ndi bango wamba.

Mbalame zamtunduwu zimawopa amphaka ndi makoswe, zomwe zimawopseza.

Bango loletsa

Amakhala kumwera kwa Europe ndi Asia. Kwa nthawi yozizira amakonda kuyendayenda ku Afghanistan, Arabia, Pakistan, maiko aku Mediterranean. Zochepa kwambiri ku Poland, Latvia, Ukraine.

Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mulomo wochepa thupi, ndichifukwa chake idatchedwa dzina. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, wankhondo wocheperako amatha kuyimba nyimbo mopitilira muyeso, ndipo nyimbo zake zikufanana ndi usiku.

Kutalika kwa thupi 12-13 cm, kulemera 15 magalamu. Kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kulibe.Zowonjezera zomwe zili kumtunda ndi zofiirira, pansi ndizopepuka. Mawamba ndi ang'ono komanso owonda kwambiri. Iris yakuda. Mzere woonda wakuda umadutsa pamutu ndi m'maso.

Mabanjawo amakonda kusanja pafupi ndi madzi.

Twirling Warbler

Kunja, imafanana ndi mpheta. Mbalameyi imakhala ku Russia, Siberia, Republic of Mordovia. Ndipo amakhalanso ku Central ndi Eastern Europe: Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine. Gulu lalikulu kwambiri la zisa za mbalame ku Belarus, ku Zvanets misaif.

Wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amatsogolera moyo - mosakhalitsa mbalameyo imasamukira ku West Africa, ku Bay of Biscay.

Kukongoletsa kwa Nondescript - pansi pang'ono ndi bulauni. Pali mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda pamutu. Maso ndi akuda, miyendo ndi yachikasu. M'malo amtunduwu wa mbalame, mulomo ndi wochepa kwambiri - osaposa 1 cm.

Mbalameyi yalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia.

Bango la Twirling si mtundu wophunzitsidwa bwino. Mbalameyi ilibe chisa chokhazikika; kukonda kusintha malo. M'nyengo yakukhwima, komanso ambiri, m'nyumba, akazi ambiri, omwe amasamalira kumanga chisa ndi kudyetsa anapiye.

Mbalame zimabwerera kudziko lakwawo mwezi wa June, ndiye kamangidwe kanyumba kamayamba. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti bango limakhala nthawi yambiri kumayiko otentha, chifukwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe kumayamba kumera kumwera.

Bango la Marsh

Amakhala ku Central ndi Eastern Europe. M'nyengo yozizira, imawulukira pafupi ndi equator. Kulemera kwa thupi ndi magalamu 17-21, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 13. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 9.

Mbalameyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi bango - bulauni, maolivi, mitundu yoyera imafalikira m'mitundu yambiri. Kugonana kwamanyazi kumafotokozedwa pang'onopang'ono. Mtunduwu umadya tizilombo, nthawi zambiri - zipatso. Makolo onse awiriwa amasaka mazira ndi kulera anapiye.

Ngakhale ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, bango losambira limapatsa konsati zenizeni - kuyimba kwake ndikosiyanasiyana ndipo kumakhala ndi mawu angapo.

Nauru wankhondo

Mbalameyi ili pachilumba cha Nauru. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 15 cm, kulemera 20 g. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala makamaka mu chakudya cha mbalame.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Otto Finsch adazindikira mbalameyi mwasayansi. Pakadali pano, zochepa zomwe zikudziwika za mtunduwu, zimakhala pa nthawi yowonjezera.

Kuyerekeza kugonana pakati pa mkazi ndi wamwamuna sikunafotokozeredwe. Akuluakulu, thupi lakumwambalo limakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, pansi ndi maolivi, tummy ndi lowala.

Mapiko owongoka, afupi. Poyerekeza ndi mbiri yawo, mchira wake umawoneka wautali. Mlomo ndi wautali komanso wowonda. Maso ali amdima, ali ndi mkanda wotchedwa brow, yoyera.
Mtunduwu umangokhala pachilumba cha Nauru. Mbalame imakhala moyo wokhalamo. Zachilendo, koma mtundu wamtunduwu sukhala ndi zilumba zoyandikana, zomwe zili pamtunda wa 3-5 km kuchokera ku Nauru.

Mbalameyi yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Asayansi amawerengera anthu mazana asanu okha a mbalame za mibadwo yosiyana. Adani a bango ochokera ku Nauru ndi makoswe ndi amphaka amtchire.

Mbalame imamanga zisa zake kutalika kwa 2 mpaka 8 metres. Pali nthawi zina pamene chisa chidawonedwa pamtunda wamamita 300 pamadzi. Njira zoweta zimachitika popanda zoletsa nyengo. Mu clutch 2-3 mazira.

Mbalame zimadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nsikidzi, chinjoka. Amasaka nyama atakhala panthambi, nthawi zambiri amasaka mphutsi zazing'ono pansi pa masamba, kapena kuchokera ku khungwa la mtengo.

Reed badger

Mbalame zimakhala ku Europe. Nthawi zambiri chimayamba nesting mu Marichi, ndipo nthawi yozizira imawulukira kumwera - mu Okutobala.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti usiku umodzi wothawa, mbalameyi imagona km 6,000 yew.
Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 13, kulemera 17 magalamu. Kugonana kwa dimorphism mwa akulu sikuti kumawonedwa. Zambiri mwa tummy ndi zachikasu, mapiko ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi achikasu. Pali mzere wakuda pamutu. Iris ili yakuda.
Chakudyacho chimadziwa bwino mabango onse.
Mbalame imamanga chisa chake pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi malo osungira.

Bango bango

Iyi ndi mbalame yokalamba kwambiri komanso yachangu. Kuthamanga kwake ndi 10 metres pa sekondi. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda kudumphira bango mwamphamvu - ali ndi ma tchuthi tambiri. Kutalika kwamtundu wamtunduwu ndi 13 cm, kulemera magalamu 10-15. Zowonjezera ndizoyenera kwa mitundu yonse - kumtunda wa bulauni ndi pansi pamaolivi ochepa. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chili pafupifupi zaka 12.

Europe imadziwika kuti ndi malo obzala mabango. Kwa nthawi yozizira, mbalame zimawulukira ku Africa, kupita kuchipululu cha Sahara. Kugwa pansi, ndikusankha malo ochulukitsa zomera.

Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimapereka mazira awiri ndi atatu, omwe makolo onse amakumbukira. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi ali pantchito yakulera ndi kudyetsa. Chaka chimodzi pambuyo pobadwa, anapiye amakhala mbalame zachikulire.

Bango la Millet

Izi ndi zachilendo kwambiri, kuwonjezera apo, siziphunziridwa bwino. Mbalamezi zimakhala ku zilumba za Philippines, China, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Siberia, Taiwan komanso kumwera kwa Japan. Imakhala ndi malo pafupi ndi mitsinje, zitsamba, mitengo ya msondodzi.

Ndiwofanana kukula ndi kulemera kwa thupi kwa woyambitsa nkhondo wakumpoto. Mtundu wa maula ndi bulauni, wokhala ndi imvi. Masamba ndi amvi, osakhazikika. Maso ali amdima, amondi. Mlomo ndi woonda kwambiri.
Zochititsa chidwi za mbalameyi mpaka pano sizinaphunzire zambiri.

Bango la Manchurian

Uku ndi kusungidwa kwa bango la India. Mbalameyi imakhala ku Far East. Kwa nyengo yozizira imakhazikika ku Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia.

Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chikupeza anthu 2500 mpaka 10,000.
Malinga ndi deta yakunja, bango la Manchu ndi mbalame yotuwa yowoneka bwino, yolemera gramu 14 mpaka 15, kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 13.

Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna

Mabango ndi mbalame zodumphadula zomwe zimapanga awiriawiri moyo. Pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, mtundu wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha saonetsa m'njira iliyonse. Munthawi yakukhwima, amuna amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe ndi kuyimba, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe amakonda kuyesa wokondedwa wake.

Popeza pali mitundu yambiri yamabango, momwe mbalame zimakhalira ndizosiyana, koma onse awiri amapanga chisa. Zomwezi zikufanana ndi kulera anapiye, kumaswa mazira.

Zovomerezeka sizimavomerezedwa kuti zizisungidwa kapena kusungidwa mu ukapolo. Mbalameyi ndi yokonda ufulu komanso yaung'ono. Mu chilengedwe - bango limakhala lotetezeka, kotero "khola lagolide" lidzakhala chizunzo chenicheni ku misempha yake.

Pali nthawi zina pomwe munthu wamkulu wogwidwa munyengo adayikidwa m'khola, koma popanda china koma mkwiyo kuchokera ku mbalamewo udapezeka. Nthawi zina, banja likasungidwa, mutha kumva nyimbo kuchokera kwa wamwamuna, koma iyi ndiyothokoza kwambiri chifukwa chomudyetsa kuposa nyimbo yomwe ili munthiti. Chifukwa chake, mabango sodziwika pakati paokonda nkhuku. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amatulutsa mbalame kupita kuthengo chifukwa chafota komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu m'thambo.

Zosangalatsa

1. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yoposa 35 ya mabango, ndipo ngakhale theka la iwo, asayansi analibe nthawi yophunzira bwino. Mitundu yambiri imakhalabe yophunzitsidwa.
2. Pafupifupi malo khumi mabango amatengedwa kuti ndi maboma - kutanthauza kuti, okhala kudera linalake, kunja komwe kulibe anthu ofanana.
3. Amuna amatha kuchita zinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi, mwachitsanzo: kudya ndi kuyimba.
4. Ndizovuta kwambiri kusungitsa mabango kunyumba, chifukwa cha ukapolo, mbalame zimayamba kuwonetsa mkwiyo ndikusiyiratu kuyimba.
5. Mabango ndi mbalame zosawerengeka, ndizovuta kuwasiyanitsa ndi mpheta - maula ndi osawoneka bwino, ndipo mbalameyo ndiying'ono kwambiri.

Kuyimba

Mabango ndi okonda kwambiri makonsati odziyimba okha m'mawa kapena usiku. Amuna ali ndi luso lotulutsa mawu, akazi amayimba kuti aziyimbira okha.

Nyimbo yanyimbo ndi yovuta kwambiri, mutha kunena kuti idasintha. Amakhala ndi maphwando angapo: "chisamaliro chazolondera, chotsutsa-chotsutsa." Tizikumbukira kuti mtundu uliwonse wamasamba uli ndi nyimbo yawo, mosiyana ndi enawo.

Mawonekedwe

Mbalame yaying'ono yotalika 27-31 cm, yokhala ndi mapiko a 50-55 masentimita, ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 192-493. Mfundu ndi ya bulauni-yakuda kapena yotsika-imvi yokhala ndi tintambo wabuluu pakhosi, yopyapyala yoyera mbali mbali ndi zoyera ndi undercoat yakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, mutu ndi kumbuyo zimagunda pang'ono, ndipo m'mimba mumawoneka zowala. Nthenga zoyambirira zamapiko ake ndi imvi. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa molt, nsonga za nthenga zomwe zili pachifuwa ndi mbali yakumbuyo ya m'mimba zimakhala ndi malekezero oyera, chifukwa zomwe ziziwoneka mu gawo ili la thupi zimawoneka zodabwitsika. Kukhetsa kumachitika mu mbalame zachikulire kawiri pachaka: nthawi yozizira imayamba nthawi yachisanu mu Januware - February ndipo imatha mu Epulo - Meyi, kubereka pambuyo kumachitika mu Julayi - Okutobala.

Mlomo ndiwofupikitsa, wopindika patatu, ofiira owala pamunsi ndi wachikasu kapena wamtambo kumapeto. Pali malo ofiira pakhungu lomwe limawoneka ngati kupitiriza kwa mulomo. Iris nthawi yakukhwima imakhala yofiyira, nthawi yonseyo ndi yofiirira. Miyendo imasinthidwa bwino kuti iyende m'mphepete mwa marshy - yayitali komanso yolimba, yokhala ndi zala zazitali komanso zikhadabo zokulungika, utoto wonyezimira chikongola ndi mphete yofiyira pamunsi m'munsi. Nembanemba pakati pa zala zomwe zimapangidwa ndimadzi ena am'madzi pafupifupi palibe. Amphongo ndi zazikazi zimawoneka kuti sizisiyana kwambiri wina ndi mzake - Amuna amawoneka ngati okulirapo, ndipo mwa akazi gawo lam'mimba ndilopepuka.

Mbalame zazing'ono zimawoneka mosiyana pang'ono - maonekedwe ake ndi a bulauni opanda chibwano, pakhosi ndi chifuwa. Amakhala ndi mikwaso yoyera yofananira ndi yoyera m'mphepete, komabe palibe malo ofiira khungu pamphumi, ndipo mulomo ndi imvi ndipo kumapeto kwachikasu. Mwa mbalame zazing'ono, mapangidwe athunthu a zovala za nesting amatha kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala mchaka choyamba cha moyo.

Voterani

Moorhen nthawi zambiri imakhala mbalame yachete, koma imatha kupanga phokoso lambiri komanso lakuthwa. Pakati pawo, wina amatha kusiyanitsa kukuwa kovunda-kocheperako, komwe kumakhala kukumbutsa mbiri ya magpie - kena kake ngati "kick-ik-ik" kapena "krrruk". Mawu enanso monosyllabic, koma mokweza komanso mwakuthwa - "kiik" kapena "kirk". Mbalame yanzeru imatulutsa "kurr." Pa kuthawa kapena nthawi ya masika usiku, moorhen amangidwa mwachangu: "ufa-wophuka".

Kusuntha

Mbalame imanyamuka popanda kuthamanga, imawuluka mwachangu komanso mokhazikika, ndikupangitsa mapiko akuya kwambiri kukupiza. Pothawa, khosi limatambasukira kutsogolo ndikukwera pang'ono, pomwe miyendo ili kumbuyo kwambiri. Imafalikira pafupifupi. Mosasunthika amasuntha pakati pa nthambi zowondera, nthawi zambiri akukwera mumtengo. Mosiyana ndi ziphona zomwe zili pafupi nawo, ma moorhen samalumikizana kwambiri ndi madzi ndipo amatha nthawi yawo yambiri pamtunda, pakati m'nkhokwe zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Imayenda mosadukaduka ndikugwera pansi, ikutsamira pang'ono pang'ono, titero kunena kwake. Mbalame imathanso kuonedwa itaima m'mphepete mwa madzi. Ngakhale kulibe mawonekedwe a mafoni amadzi am'madzi, ma moorhen amayandama bwino: amasambira pang'onopang'ono pakati pa duckweed kapena mbewu zina zam'madzi, nthawi zambiri amasintha mayendedwe ndipo nthawi zina amatembenuka mwadzidzidzi. Pamadzi, amapindika mutu wake ndi mchira wotalikirapo, womwe umasonyezanso mitundu ina ya mtundu wa moorhen, komanso zovala. Kuyenda mosasunthika, makamaka pangozi, imasungidwa pansi pa madzi, imagwiritsitsa pansi mbewu ndi matako ake. Pofufuza chakudya, nthawi zambiri amadzigwetsa m'mutu m'madzi.

Dera

Ku Europe, amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula kumapiri a Alps, Scandinavia Peninsula kumpoto kwa 66 ° kumpoto chakumwera ndi kumpoto kwa Russia. Ku Russian Federation, malire akumpoto kwa malowa amadutsa pafupifupi 60 ° kumpoto kwa mtunda - kudzera Karelian Isthmus, Novgorod, Vologda Oblasts kumpoto kwa Rybinsk Reservoir, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Omsk Oblast ndi Altai Krai. Mbalameyi imapezekanso ku Far East ku Primorsky Territory, komanso ku Sakhalin ndi zilumba zakumwera kwa Kuril. Ku Asia, nkhuku ndizofala ku India komanso kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Philippines, komabe, sizikupezeka mu gawo lopanda komanso louma la Central ndi Central Asia, komanso ku Western Siberia. Ku Africa, mbalame zimatha kupezeka kum'mwera kwa Africa, ku Madagascar komanso kumadzulo kwa dera la Kongo ndi Algeria. Ku North America, mbalame zimakhala kumwera ndi kummawa kwa United States (California, Arizona, New Mexico ndi mayiko akum'mawa kwa Texas, Kansas, Nebraska ndi Minnesota) komanso ku Mexico. Moorhen ndiofala ku Central America, Pacific ndi South America kuchokera ku Brazil kupita ku Argentina ndi Peru.

Habitat

Malo okhala malo okhala amatengedwa ndimadzi amchere kapena achilengedwe (osakhala otsekeka) matupi amadzi okhala ndi mabango, mabango, matope, kapena mbewu zam'madzi kapena zamadzi zapafupi. Dziwe limatha kukhala lalikulu kapena laling'ono, ndipo madzi mkati mwake amathanso kuyimirira. Makonda amapatsidwa madambo okhala ndi madzi ndi zitsa za zitsamba (monga msondodzi) pamtunda. Monga lamulo, imachita mobisa - masana imasungika m'nkhokwe zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo pokhapokha madzulo imayandama m'madzi otseguka. Ku Europe, monga lamulo, imakonda malo otsetsereka - mwachitsanzo, ku Germany sikupezeka pamwamba pa 600 m, ndipo ku Switzerland kuposa 800 m pamwamba pamadzi. Komabe, mwapang'onopang'ono, malo apamwamba a malo okhala amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera - mwachitsanzo, ku Caucasus, mbalame zimapezeka pamalo okwera mpaka 1800 m, ndipo ku Nepal mpaka 4575 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kusamukira

Kakulidwe kakakulu ka masanjidwewo, ma moorhenes amangokhala, ndipo kumpoto kokha ndi komwe iwo amasuntha kapena kusunthira kwathunthu. Nthawi zina, chikhalidwe cha mbalamezi sichimveka bwino pakapita nthawi. Amadziwika kuti ku Europe chizolowezi chosamukira kumawonjezeka kuchokera kumwera-chakumadzulo kupita kumpoto chakum'mawa: m'maiko omwe kale anali USSR ndi Finland, pafupifupi mbalame zonse zimasamukira, ku Scandinavia, Poland ndi kumpoto kwa Germany, ochepa amakhala mpaka nthawi yozizira, ndipo ku Western Europe mbalame khalani okhazikika. Mbalame zosamukira ku North Europe nthawi yachisanu zimasuntha kumadzulo kapena kumwera chakumadzulo, zikufika ku British Isles, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Balkan ndi North Africa. M'madera ambiri a Central ndi Eastern Europe, kusunthaku kumachitika kuchokera kumpoto kupita kumwera kapena kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa. Mbalame zaku Western Siberia mwina zimapita kunyanja ya Caspian, kumwera kwa Central Asia, kupita ku Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan ndi mayiko a Middle East. Ku Eastern Siberia ndi Kum'mawa Kakutali, mbalame nthawi yozizira imatha kusamukira ku China ndi Southeast Asia. Malo opatuka moorhen nyengo yozizira anapezeka kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, kumpoto kwa Nigeria ndi Sudan, kumwera kwa Chad, koma malo osungira mbalamezi sanaphunzire.

Ku America, moorhen amasamukira kumpoto kwa Gulf of Mexico ndi Florida.

Pankhani yosamukira, amafika kumalo odyera madzi atamasulidwa madzi oundana - mu Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Kunyamuka kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Pakuuluka kwam'mawa, mbalame zambiri zimakhala magulu awiriawiri (zimakonda kuuluka zokhazokha), zimawuluka pamalo okwera komanso usiku. Kusuntha kwa malowedwe kumachitika m'malo otsika, poyamba awiriawiri kapena osakwatiwa, ndipo kumapeto kuli magulu ang'onoang'ono a mbalame 10.

Khalidwe pamagulu

A Moorhen amapewa gulu la mbalame zina, kuphatikizapo mitundu imodzimodziyo. Pokhapokha nthawi yozizira ikamayenda yokha amatha kukhala malo amodzi mpaka 20 (kawirikawiri mpaka 50) awiriawiri, koma ngakhale atakhala pamenepa amakhala ndi mtunda wa 1-5 mamita pakati pawo. Nthawi yonse yomwe amakumana awiriawiri kapena pawokha, samalani malo osungirako zinyama ndi malo okhala. Mlendo akaonekera pamphepete mwa gawo, amalira mofuula kwambiri "kirk" kapena "cyc-cyc", nawonso amatumizidwa kwa alendo. Pakabuka mkangano pakati pa awiri oyandikana nawo kapena mbalame zina, a moorhen amatenga mawonekedwe owopseza, ndipo pakakhala kuti akukhalabe okwiya, amalimbana.Mbalame imawerama mutu ndikuyang'ana kwa mdani, imakweza kumbuyo kwa thupi ndikufalitsa mchira wake, ndipo mkangano ukachitika pamadzi, imathanso kugwada kwathunthu ndikuyamba kusambira kupita kwa mdani.

Ziwonetsero

Ku Europe, nyama zolusa kwambiri za moorhen ndi akambuku wamba, akhwangwala akuda ndi imvi, maula, maimuna agulugufe, moon moz, buluzi wa mphungu, minks a ku America, nkhandwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kumadera ena a dziko lapansi, makoswe, amphaka, agalu ndi mongooses akhoza kukhala ochepetsa kwa mbalame.

Moorhen Hunt

A Moorhen alibe phindu pamalonda, komabe ali chinthu chosangalatsidwa ndi masewera komanso masewera amateur, omwe ndi masewera a sevalo-dambo. Ku Russia, kusaka kwawo kumatsegulidwa kokha nthawi ya chilimwe-yophukira (Ogasiti - Novembala). Chifukwa cha moyo wawo wobisalira komanso kuchuluka kwawo kochepera, monga mbalame zina zoweta, nthawi zambiri amawombera panjira, nthawi zambiri akamakonda kusaka abakha. Kusaka ma moorhenes kuchokera ku skradok nthawi yam'mawa ndi nthawi yamadzulo ndikuyenda bwino kwambiri, chiwerengero chomwe amachiwombera ndi Nambala 7. Malinga ndi Article 333.3 ya Code Code of the Russian Federation, moorhen amamangidwa pamaziko a chilolezo chimodzi chokha, kuchuluka kwa zopereka ndi ma ruble 20 pachinyama chilichonse.

Moorhen kusamuka

Ma Moorhen m'malo ambiri okhala amakhala. Kokha komwe kuli kumpoto kwenikweni kwa mtunduwu ndi komwe mtunduwu umasamukira kwathunthu kapena pang'ono. Ku Europe, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zosamukira kumachepera kumpoto chakum'mawa kupita kumwera chakumadzulo. Ku Finland ndi mayiko a CIS, mbalame zambiri zimasamukira.

Kumpoto kwa Germany, Poland ndi Scandinavia, ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la mbalame zomwe zimatsalira nthawi yozizira. Ku Western Europe, pafupifupi anthu onse amangokhala. Ndipo kumpoto kwa Europe, ma moorhenes osamuka akuuluka kumwera chakumadzulo ndi kumadzulo kupita ku Italy, Peninsula ya Iberia, Briteni Isles, Balkan ndi North Africa. Anthu okhala kum'mawa ndi Central Europe amatenga ndege nthawi ndi nthawi kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa kapena kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera.

Kuchokera ku Siberia Yakumadzulo, ma moorhen amawuluka kupita ku chisanu kumwera kwa Central Asia, gombe la Caspian Sea, ku Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq ndi mayiko a Middle East. Kuchokera ku Siberia chakummawa, a moorhen amasamukira ku Southeast Asia ndi China. Chiwerengero cha moorhen aku America chikusamukira kumpoto kwa Florida ndi Gulf of Mexico.

Ngakhale kulibe mawonekedwe a mafoni amadzi am'madzi, nyundo yamadzi imasambira bwino.

Kusambira nkhuku zakudya

Zakudya za moorhen zikuphatikiza ndi chakudya cha nyama komanso nyama. Amapeza chakudya posambira pamadzipo nthawi ndi nthawi ndikubatiza mutu wake m'madzi, kapena kuyenda m'madzi osaya ndikutembenuza masamba a duckweed, maluwa amadzi ndi mbewu zina zam'madzi. Nthawi zina, pofunafuna chakudya, mbalame imagona pansi pamadzi. Pamtunda, moorhen amadya tizilombo touluka totsika, komanso zipatso za zitsamba ndi mitengo, mbewu za herbaceous. Amadyanso achinyamata mphukira za madzi apafupi ndi madzi am'madzi, zotere, maluwa am'madzi, ndi mabango. Chakudyachi chimaphatikizaponso amphibians, mollusks ndi ma invertebrates osiyanasiyana.

Kufalikira kwa Moorhen

Ma Moorhenes ndi mbalame zoyenda mozungulira. Amapanga magulu awiri osakhazikika pazaka zingapo. M'madera osamukira komanso kukhazikika, nyengo yakuswana ndiyosiyana. Mbalame zosamukira, kuswana kumangokhala nyengo yotentha, pomwe mwa anthu okhazikika, nyengo yoswana imatha kukhala chaka chonse.

Munthawi yakukhwima, osati amuna amafuna mawonekedwe a akazi, koma m'malo mwake, akazi amapikisana pakati pawo kuti akhale ndi ufulu wokhala nawo wamwamuna.

Ma moorhenes osamukira kwawo amafika m'malo odyera m'malo mochedwa. Ziwiri za mbalame zoterezi zimapangidwa ngakhale m'malo achisanu, ndipo zimafika m'malo osungirako zogona kale monga gawo la awiriawiri omwe alipo.

Kusiyanitsa kosangalatsa ndi njira yodzipangira moorhen poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya mbalame. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ku moorhen, akazi amapikisana kuti akhale ndi mwamuna.

Tizilombo tambiri timapezeka m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono okwana, monga mitsinje yaying'ono, madamu komanso nyanja zamitengo. A Moorhen amakonda kukhala kutali ndi mbalame zina zonse, kuphatikiza anthu amtundu wawo. Dziwe laling'ono, monga lamulo, limangotenga awiri okha. Mtunda pakati pa zisa zoyandikana nawo nthawi zambiri umapitirira 25. Dera lokhalamo anthu awiri a moorhen ndi mainchesi 8.

Chisa chimamangidwa pamtunda wina pafupi ndi chosungira kapena mwachindunji pakati pake. Utha kukhala bampu kutumphuka m'madzi, m'nkhalango za mabango, m'nthambi za mtengo watasefukira, tchire pafupi ndi madzi. Zomwe zimamangidwa kuti zimange chisa ndi masamba owuma ndi zitsamba za mbewu zapafupi. Amuna ndi akazi omwe amagwira nawo ntchito yomanga chisa. Zachikazi zimatulutsa thireyi, pomwe yamphongo imachita ndi chisa cha chisa. Nyumba yomalizidwa ndiyomangidwa mwamphamvu yokhala ndi mainchesi 21 - 25 cm ndi kutalika pafupifupi 15 cm.

Anapiyewo amayamba kusambira mofulumira, ngati kuli kotheka, amathira pansi ndi kukwera nthambi zamitengo.

Nyengo imodzi, yaikazi imanyamula mazira awiri. Munthawi iliyonse, pamakhala mazira 5 - 9. Mbalameyi imayikira mazira amenewa kwa maola 24 aliyense. Mazira okhala ndi chipolopolo cha dongo losalala, ma chikasu opepuka ndi ma ocher ali ndi kukula kwa 38-50x23- 34 mm. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo mbali pamavuto aubwino. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala kwa milungu itatu.

Nthochi zimabadwa zokutidwa ndi wakuda wakuda ndi maolivi obiriwira. Ali ndi zaka 40 - 70 masiku, anapiye amadziwa kale kuuluka movutikira.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.