Choyambirira chomwe chimagwira diso lanu mukayang'ana njovu ndi mphuno yake yolumikizidwa kukamwa kwake kwapamwamba, komwe kumatchedwa thunthu. Thunthu la njovu ndi mphuno yomwe njovu imanunkha, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndi chiwalo chomwe njovu imagwira ndikatumiza chakudya mkamwa. Thunthu lake ndi chinthu chapadera kwambiri. Ndi chubu cha minofu. Mkati mwa thunthu amagawika magulu awiri. Chombocho chimagawika kutalika konse ndi septum, ndipo kumapeto kwake kuli njira ziwiri zazing'ono. Ndi chithandizo chawo kuti njovu ikhoza kukweza chinthu chaching'ono kuchokera pansi.
Popanda thunthu, ngati wopanda manja
Chitamba cha njovu - chimagwira ntchito yomweyo ngati dzanja la munthu. Mothandizidwa ndi thunthu, njovu imagwira osati chakudya - masamba, udzu, zipatso - komanso zakumwa. Amatunga madzi mu thunthu, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo amatumiza madzi pakamwa pake. Mothandizidwa ndi thunthu, njovu imadziyimitsa yokha, kenako ikudziphimba mumchenga. Fumbi limasinthira pakhungu la njovu kukhala louma, lomwe limateteza ku kuwala kwa dzuwa, tizilombo, komanso majeremusi.
Njovu zazing'ono zimagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wawo kuti agwire mchira wa amake a njovu pamene njovu zimayenda. Njovu zachikulire zimagwiritsa ntchito thunthu ngati chodabwitsa komanso chodziteteza. Amalangiza mopepuka njovu zamphongo, kuziwomba ndi thunthu.
Moyo wa njovu
Popanda thunthu, njovu sikhala ndi moyo, chifukwa singathe kudya ndi kuiteteza. A Njovu amasamalira achibale olumala omwe adatsala opanda thunthu: amadyetsedwa, mothandizidwa ndi thunthu amathandizidwa kuti aimirire. Ndi thunthu, njovu zikasenda mitengo, chotsani zopinga zomwe zikumana nazo m'njira zawo.
Njovu zimakhala m'gulu la ng'ombe. Akazi okhaokha omwe ali ndi ana amuna kapena amuna okha ndi omwe amapezeka m'gululo. Njovu ndi imodzi mwazinyama zomwe zimasamala kwambiri. Akazi amasamalira, kudyetsa ndi kuteteza njovu mpaka zofika zaka 10-15. Koma ngakhale ali ndi zaka 20, ng'ombe ya njovu imamuyesedwa kuti ndi yocheperako. Pambuyo pake, anyamatawo amachotsedwa ng'ombe, ndipo zazikazi zimatsalira. Njovu zimatha kumva madzi patali kwambiri: makilomita asanu kapena kuposerapo. Kutalika kwa njovu ndi zaka pafupifupi 70-80.
Kodi thunthu ndi chiyani?
Chinthu choyamba chomwe munthu amazindikira akawona njovu, kuwonjezera pa kukula kwake, ndiye thunthu lake, lomwe ndilo milomo yapamwamba lomwe limasankhidwa chifukwa cha chisinthiko ndi mphuno.. Chifukwa chake, njovu zidasinthasintha komanso mphuno zazitali, zopangidwa ndi minofu 500, ndipo nthawi yomweyo osakhala ndi fupa limodzi (kupatula cartilage pa mlatho wa mphuno).
Mphuno, monga mwa anthu, zimagawika m'magawo awiri kutalika konse. Ndipo kumapeto kwa thunthu kuli kochepa, koma minofu yolimba kwambiri yomwe imatumikira njovu ngati zala. Ndi chithandizo chawo, njovu imatha kumva ndikukweza batani laling'ono kapena chinthu china chaching'ono.
Choyamba, thunthu limagwira ntchito ya mphuno, koma mothandizidwa ndi njovu kupuma, kununkhira, ndipo limathanso:
- kumwa
- kupeza chakudya
- kulumikizana ndi abale,
- nyamula zinthu zazing'ono
- kusambira
- dzitchinjirize
- sonyezani zakukhosi.
Kuyambira zonsezi zimachitika kuti thunthu ndi chida chofunikira komanso chosiyana ndi ena. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, njovu yachikulire singathe popanda chimtengo, monganso munthu sangachite popanda manja. Thandizo Mwana wa njovu sanaphunzitsidwe kugwiritsa ntchito thunthu moyenera ndipo samasunamo poyenda. Chifukwa chake, musanaphunzire kuyendetsa thunthu, njovu imangoigwiritsa kuti igwire mchira wa kholo pomwe ikuyenda.
Chakudya ndi zakumwa
Imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri pa thunthu ndi kuchotsa kwa chakudya ndi madzi. Mothandizidwa ndi chiwalo ichi, nyama imasaka ndikupanga zinthu zofunika izi.
Njovu imasiyana ndi zinyama zina chifukwa imadya chakudya makamaka ndi mphuno yake, yomwe imapeza. Zakudya za nyamayi zimatengera mtundu wa njovu. Popeza njovu ndi nyama, imadyera makamaka pazomera, masamba ndi zipatso.
Njovu zaku India zimakonda kudya masamba obudula mitengo ndi mizu yamitengo yoswedwa, pomwe njovu zaku Africa zimakonda udzu. Nthawi zambiri, amakonda kwambiri chakudya chomwe chimang'ambika kuchokera kumtunda wosaposa mamitala awiri, nthawi zambiri njovu imatha kufika kumtunda kwambiri ngakhale kukwera m'miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ngati nyama ili nayo.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Komanso, machitidwe odyetsera njovu amasintha kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo.
Tsiku lililonse nyamazi zimakakamizika kuyenda mtunda wautali kukapeza chakudya, chifukwa njovu yachikulire imayenera kudya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 250 a chakudya patsiku kuti ikhale yabwinobwino. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imatha kutenga mpaka maola 19 patsiku kuchokera ku phenoscis.
Ndipo njovu ikakhala kuti ilibe chakudya chokwanira, imatha kudya makungwa osemedwa pamtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu, popeza sizingatheke kubwezeretsa mitengo yotere. Koma njovu zaku Africa, m'malo mwake, zimatha kufalitsa mitundu yambiri yazomera. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka chakudya, njovu zimakhala ndi chakudya chochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kusamutsa mbewu zodyedwa kupita kwina.
Kumwa
Nthawi zambiri, nyama imatunga madzi ndi thunthu ndikuyamwa madzi okwanira malita 150 patsiku. Pachilala, kuti muchepetse ludzu lawo, njovu zimatha kukumba mauna mpaka mita imodzi kukafunafuna madzi a pansi ndi kumwa, ndikuutula ndi thunthu.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Mu thunthu mungakhale madzi okwanira malita 8 nthawi.
Akuluakulu amatunga madzi mumtengo ndikuwadyetsa mkamwa.
Chitetezo kwa adani
Kutchire, kuwonjezera pa zibwano, njovu imagwiritsanso ntchito mtengo wake ngati chitetezo. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa chiwalo, nyamayo imatha kubowoleza kuchokera mbali iliyonse, ndipo kuchuluka kwa minofu yomwe ili mgulumo kumapatsa mphamvu kwambiri. Kulemera kwa chiwalo kumapangitsa kukhala chida chabwino kwambiri: mwa munthu wamkulu, chimafikira makilogalamu 140, ndipo kuwomba kwamphamvu kumeneku kungabwezeretse kuukira kwa wolusa woopsa.
Kulankhulana
Ngakhale kuti asayansi atsimikizira kuti njovu zimatha kulumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito infras, gawo lofunikira polumikizirana nyama izi limaseweredwa ndi thunthu. Nthawi zambiri, kulumikizana kumakhala motere:
- moni - njovu zikupatsana moni mothandizidwa ndi thunthu,
- thandizani ana.
Njovu zimagwiritsanso ntchito mitengo ikuluikulu kulankhulana ndi ana awo. Ngakhale kuti ng'ombe yaing'ono ya njovu imayendabe bwino, idafunikira kuyenda, ndipo amayi ake amamuthandiza pamenepa. Atagwira mitengo yawo, mayi ndi mwana wawoyo amayenda pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa pamapeto pake amaphunzira kuyenda.
Komanso achikulire amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito thunthu polanga ana omwe achimwawo. Nthawi yomweyo, njobvu sizimenya mphamvu zawo zonse, koma mokwapula ana. Ponena za kulumikizana pakati pa njovu, nyamazo zimakonda kukhudzana wina ndi mzere, kumangirira "olowera" kumbuyo ndi njira iliyonse kuti awonetse chidwi.
Thunthu ngati thunthu lanzeru
Mphuno pafupi ndi thunthu zimathandiza nyamayo kununkhiza chakudya. Asayansi adachita kafukufuku yemwe adatsimikizira kuti njovu imatha kupanga chisankho pakati pazopangira ziwiri, chimodzi chodzazidwa ndi chakudya, pogwiritsa ntchito kununkhira.
Kununkhira kumathandiziranso njovu:
- kuti mudziwe ngati njovu ina ili ya gulu lake kapena ina,
- pezani mwana wanu (wa amayi a njovu),
- kunyamula mafungo makilomita angapo kutali.
Pokhala ndi zotulutsa 40,000 zopezeka mumtengo, njovu imatha kununkhira kwambiri.
Wothandizira osasinthika
Titaganizira zonse za thunthu, titha kunena kuti njovu singakhale ndi moyo popanda chiwalocho. Imalola nyamayo kupumira, kudya ndi kumwa, kudziteteza kwa adani, kulumikizana ndi mtundu wake, kunyamula ndi kusuntha zinthu zolemera. Njovu ikasuntha pamalo osadziwika, omwe amawawona kuti ndiowopsa, msewu umamvanso ndi thunthu. Nyama ikazindikira kuti ndiyotetezeka kuyenda, imayika phazi lake pamalo oyesedwa ndikupitilira kuyenda.
Zikhala zosangalatsa:
Chiwalo chimodzi chimathandiza njovu ndi mphuno, milomo, manja ndi njira yotungira madzi. Kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito thunthu moyenera nkovuta kwambiri, ndipo njovu zazing'ono zimaphunzira luso ili kwa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo.
Chithunzithunzi:
Misonkhano yachigawo yothandiza asayansi kwa ana asukulu zam'maphunziro apulaimale ndi "Kusaka ndi kuyesa."
Mutu wathunthu wamutu wanchito
"Chifukwa chiyani njovu imadzaza?"
Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution Aban Basic School №1
Moskova Zhanna Anatolevna
Kukonzanso, kugwira ntchito
Udindo wa Kholo
Kusaka kwa deta, kuthandizira kuloweza mawu
Ndidawona nkhani ya R. Kipling yokhudza Mwana Wodabwitsayo komanso momwe adatengera thunthu.
Ndinadzifunsa kuti bwanji njovu inali ndi thunthu lalitali chonchi? Chifukwa chake mutu wa ntchito yanga udatsimikizika.
Cholinga cha ntchito: Dziwani chifukwa chake njovu imakhala ndi thunthu lalitali chonchi.
- kuphunzira mabuku, malingaliro a asayansi pankhaniyi
- onani kuti thunthu ndi chiyani
- onetsetsani zomwe njovu ingachite ndi thunthu
Cholinga chophunzirira: njovu
Phunziro: Phunziro la njovu
Hypothesis - Ndimaganiza kuti njovu imafunikira thunthu lalitali kuti athe kupeza zinthu zomwe zimakhala kutali ndi iwo.
Njira: Kuwunikira Mabuku
Kale mammoni ankakhala Padziko Lapansi. Mikhalidwe ya kukhalapo kwawo idakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono motsatana wina ndi mamiliyoni adafa, osatha kupirira zovuta. Mbadwa zawo
adakhala njovu zaku Asia ndi ku Africa. Ndiwo nyama zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi.
Kapangidwe ka thupi la njovu kumapereka chiwalo chodabwitsa - thunthu.
Mwambiri, thunthu ndi chiyani? Mphuno, milomo, dzanja? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani amafunikira “zonsezi”?
Thunthu ndi mphuno chifukwa njovu imatha kununkhiza ndi thunthu. Kutembenuka
trunk mbali imodzi kapena mbali, ndikukulitsa (mphuno) kumapeto kwa thunthu, nthawi yomweyo amamva
kukhalapo kwa munthu, nyama kapena utsi wamoto.
Thunthu ndi mlomo chifukwa limagwira chakudya ndikulitumiza kukamwa ndi thunthu.
Thunthu ndi thunthu, chifukwa ndi thunthu njovu amatenga masamba ndi nthambi zamitengo ndikutunga madzi,
kenako ndikuthira pakamwa panu. Ndi mtengo, njovu imagunda mdani kwambiri mpaka kugwetsa,
ndipo mwina mwamenya.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe njovu zimafunikira.
Ayi, njovu sifunikira thunthu konse kuti iphulitse mphuno yake pang'ono, kuthamangitsa midges, zikande
kubweza kapena kukweza ndalama kuchokera pansi popanda kugwada. Zifukwa zokhala ndi thunthu zimakhalamo
Anthu achingelezi okwiya adapatsa njovu ntchito. Adazigwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera
Kukakamiza, komanso ngati katundu, popeza sizinatule njovu kuti ipange mtengo ndi thunthu,
kusunthira kumtunda womwe mukufuna ndikuyika komwe adayilamula. Kupatula apo, njovu ndizokongola
Ndi thunthu, mitengo ya njovu imagwedeza ndikuzula, komanso kuchotsa ena
zopinga zomwe zimawalepheretsa kudutsa.
Pokhala ndi thunthu, njovu imatha kukumbatira mnzake wamkazi, kuiguguda kapena kugwira mchira wake ngati dzanja
amayi akadali makanda. Ndipo mothandizidwa ndi thunthu, njovu imatha
nyamula zinthu zazing'ono pansi, kuphatikiza ndalama. Chifukwa kumapeto kwenikweni
thunthu pali minofu yokhazikika yomwe imagwira ntchito ya zala. Mwambiri, njovu yopanda
thunthu, ngati wopanda manja.
Mothandizidwa ndi thunthu, njovu imathawa pamoto posunga madzi ndikudzithilira ngati payipi.
Njovu imalowerera m'tchire, ndiko kuti, imalankhulana ndi mtundu wake, ndipo mkokomo womwe chipangacho chimapanga
idamveredwa kwa makilomita angapo.
Mwachidule, thunthu ndi mphuno, milomo, dzanja, chida chomveka, ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito posamba.
Mwambiri, thunthu la thunthu limakhala lonse, lofunika kwambiri komanso ndilopadera.
Kodi asayansi amati chiyani?
Asayansi akuti thunthu ndi mlomo wapamwamba, womwe umasungidwa pamphuno ndikuyimira chubu
kuchokera ku minofu. Chiwalochi mwa njovu cholimba kwambiri komanso chimasinthasintha. Ndipo njovu imo, asayansi amalimbikitsa,
- zazikulu kwambiri nyama zapamtunda. Ndipo anzeru kwambiri. Komanso woleza mtima komanso wanzeru.
Mkati, asayansi akuti, thunthu lagawika magawo awiri, ndipo kumapeto kwake kuli
minofu yakula (zala). Ndipo asayansi amati njovu ndi mbadwa za mamm,
amenenso anali ndi mitengo ikuluikulu komanso zibonga. Mwa njira, nsapato zotuluka kuchokera pachiwono chapamwamba
njovu, palibe china choposa mano "achikulire" kwambiri. Komanso "ndakula" ngati mphuno ndi kumtunda
Kumaliza yankho la funso "Chifukwa chiyani njovu ikufunika thunthu", ndikufuna kunena izi: popanda thunthu, njovu
ayi, ili ndi mphuno, ndi milomo, ndi mkono, ndi chipangizo cholira.
Kuteteza ku tizilombo komanso dzuwa
Njovu zachi Africa zimagwiritsanso ntchito mitengo yawo ikulu kuti ichotse fumbi, zomwe zimathandizira kuthamangitsa tizilombo komanso kuziteteza ku kuwala koyatsidwa ndi dzuwa (kutentha m'malo awo nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 35 ° C). Kupanga fumbi losamba, njovu ya ku Africa imakoka fumbi pamtengo, kenako nkuigugudika pamutu pake ndikudzipukutsira fumbi lokha (Mwamwayi, fumbi ili silimapumira pazilonda nyama).
Amagwira fungo
Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, zakumwa ndi fumbi, thunthu la njovu ndi kapangidwe kake kamene kamagwira mbali yofunika kwambiri pamankhwala ogwirira ntchito a zinyama izi. Njovu zimasinthira mitengo ikuluikulu kuti ikhale kununkhira bwino. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti njovu zimatha kununkhira madzi pamtunda wamakilomita angapo.
Kuwongolera mwangwiro
Ndiwopanda minofu yopanda mafuta yokhala ndi minofu yoposa 100,000. Ili ndi gawo lowopsa komanso lonyansa la thupi, njovu zimatha kusonkhanitsa ndikusiyanitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kulimbana ndi adani. Thunthu la njovu ndi lamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti limatha kukweza zinthu zolemera makilogalamu 350. Mothandizidwa ndi machitidwe owoneka ngati chala, nyamayi imathanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru masamba a udzu kapena ngakhale kupangira burashi yojambulira.
Pa kulumikizana
Sikuti thunthu lokha lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupuma (komanso kununkhira, kumwa, ndikudyetsa), ndikofunikanso kulumikizana ndi mamembala ena a ng'ombe, kuphatikizapo moni ndi ma cailer. Ubwenzi wapakati pa mayi wachikazi ndi ana ake umateteza komanso kutipatsa mpumulo. Amayi ndi mamembala ena a khosalo amasamalira anawo mosiyanasiyana. Amatha kulunga thunthu la mwendo wakumbuyo wa njovu, m'mimba, phewa ndi khosi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwira pakamwa pake. Phokoso laphokoso kwambiri nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mawu ofatsa.
Thunthu la njovu linaonekera mkati mwa chisinthiko
Gawo la thupi la njovu pang'onopang'ono limakula pang'onopang'ono zaka makumi mamiliyoni, popeza makolo a njovu zamakono adazolowera kusintha kosowa kwachilengedwe. Abambo akale a njovu, monga phosphaterium, zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo, analibe mitengo ikuluikulu, koma monga mpikisano wa masamba ndi mitengo itakulira, nyama zimakakamizidwa kuti zisinthe. M'malo mwake, njovu yatulutsa chitamba chake pachifukwa chomwechi kuti njovu ili ndi khosi lalitali!