Mbalame yaying'ono, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 25. Zowola zazimuna ndi zachikasu chagolide ndi wakuda, mwa akazi ndi achinyamata imakhala yobiriwira ndi mawanga pachifuwa. Kuchokera pamlomo mpaka m'diso pali chingwe chakuda chotchedwa "lingaliro". Bill ndi woderapo kapena wa bulauni, wotalika wokwanira komanso wamphamvu. Maso ndi ofiira.
Kugawidwa m'nkhalango zowola komanso zophatikizika. Makamaka okhala ndi chisoti chambiri pamitengo, ndiye kuti sichawoneka. Mbalame yoyenda kwambiri, mwachangu komanso mwakachetechete imalumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi mumtundu wowala wa mitengo.
Zofalitsidwa 1 nthawi yotentha. Zingwe zopendekera, zolimbitsidwa m'mafoloko a nthambi kutalika kwa 11 mpaka 20. Clutch ili ndi mazira oyera a 3-5 okhala ndi pinki kapena kirimu kirimu komanso masipodi ofiira ofiira. Kubwatula kumatenga masiku 13-15, makamaka akazi amakhala.
Amadyetsa tizilombo, nthawi zambiri zipatso. Nthawi zina zisa za mbalame zazing'ono monga grey flycatcher ndi redstart zimaphwa.
Mzungu wam'mbuyo umafanana ndi kulira kwa chitoliro, ndipo kufuula kokweza ndikumveka kwa mphaka wakwiya.
Mawonekedwe
Mitundu ikuwonetsa bwino zomwe zimachitika pakugonana, momwe akazi ndi amuna amakhala osiyana kwambiri kunja. Zambiri mwa zachimuna ndi zachikasu chagolide, zamapiko ndi mchira wakuda. Kukuluka kwa mchira ndi mapiko kuyimiriridwa ndi mawanga ang'ono achikasu. Kuchokera pamlomo ndi kumaso kumadutsa mzere wakuda, "lingaliro", kutalika kwake komwe kumatengera mwachindunji mawonekedwe a masanjidwewo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a nthenga za mchira ndi mutu, komanso kutengera ndi utali wa kutalika kwa nthenga, ntchentche za ku Oriole zikusiyanitsidwa.
Zachikazi zimadziwikiratu ndi topuwongola chikaso kumtunda komanso kwanthawi yoyera ndimayendedwe amdima akuda. Mapiko ake ndi imvi. Mlomo wa akazi ndi amuna umakhala wofiirira kapena wofiirira, wotalika komanso wolimba mokwanira. Iris amakhala ofiira. Maonekedwe achichepere amatikumbutsa zambiri zazimayi, koma timasiyana pamaso pa mawonekedwe amdima, amdima komanso amtambo kumunsi.
Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe
Achinyamata omwe amakhala ku Europe amabwerera kunyumba kwawo zaka khumi zapitazo za Meyi. Amuna omwe amayesa kugwira nyumba zawo ndi omwe amakhala oyamba kubwerera nyengo yachisanu. Akazi amafika patapita masiku atatu kapena anayi. Kunja kwa nthawi yodyera, Oriole wobisalira amakonda kukhala yekha, koma okwatirana ena amakhala osagwirizana chaka chonse.
Achinyamata sakonda madera otseguka, chifukwa chake amakhala ochepa ndege kuchokera pamtengo wina kupita ku wina. Kukhalapo kwa banja la oriole kumatha kutsimikizika ndi nyimbo za melodic zomwe zimafanana pang'ono ndi mawu a chitoliro. Akuluakulu Achinyamata amakonda kudya mitengo, kudumphira nthambi ndi kusankhira tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Ndi nyengo yoyambilira ya nyundo, mbalame zimawuluka nthawi yozizira kupita kumadera otentha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Vocalization imayimilidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana, koma kwenikweni kwa Oriole ndi kufuula, koimiridwa ndi mawu angapo oseketsa ndi mawu akuti "gi-gi-gi-gi-gi" kapena "melu-liu-li" wowoneka bwino.
Mbalame zodziwika bwino komanso zotakasuka zimatha kudumphadumpha kuchokera ku nthambi ina kupita kwina, zikabisala masamba owoneka ndi mitengo. Kuuluka, Oriole amasuntha mafunde, omwe amafanana ndi ma buluku ndi mitengo yamatabwa. Kuthamanga kothamanga kwambiri ndi 40-47 km / h, koma amuna nthawi zina amatha kufulumira mpaka 70 km / h. Anthu onse am'banja lachifumu samakonda kutuluka.
Habitat, malo okhala
Oriole ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri.. Mitunduyo imakhala gawo la pafupifupi Europe ndi Europe ku Russia. Malinga ndi asayansi, ku Oriole sikukhala zisa zambiri ku Britain Isles ndipo nthawi zina kumapezeka ku zisumbu za Scilly komanso gombe lakumwera kwa England. Zomera zosakhazikika zimadziwikanso pachilumba cha Madeira komanso madera a Azores. Malo osungira ku Asia amakhala kumadzulo.
Zikhala zosangalatsa:
Achinyamata amathera gawo lalikulu la moyo wawo motalika, mu korona ndi masamba owala a mitengo. Mbalame yamtunduwu imakonda nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso zazitali, makamaka madera abwino, oimiridwa ndi birch, msondodzi kapena msondodzi wakale.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti a Oriole amayesa kupewa nkhalango ndi mitengo yozungulira, oimira banja lachi Oriole mofunitsitsa amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba zachikhalidwe, amakonda minda, mapaki ndi malo obzala m'nkhalango.
M'madera louma, aoleole nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matumba a m'migodi. Pafupipafupi, mbalame zimapezeka m'malo a udzu a m'nkhalango za paini ndi kuzisumbu zopululu zopanda masamba. Zikatero, mbalamezi zimadyetsa m'nkhalangozi kapena kufunafuna chakudya m'miyala yamchenga.
Gawo la Oriole
Munthu wamba wa kuolema sangadye chakudya chatsopano, komanso chakudya chopatsa thanzi cha nyama. Munthawi yakucha zipatso, mbalame zimakonda kuudya ndi zipatso monga mbalame chitumbuwa ndi currant, mphesa ndi yamatcheri. Akuluakulu Achinyamata amakonda zokonda za peyala ndi mkuyu.
Nyengo ya kubereka yogwira ntchito ikugwirizana ndi kuwonjezera kwa zakudya za mbalame zomwe zimadyetsedwa zamitundu yonse yazinyama, zoperekedwa:
- nkhuni zamankhwala mwa mitundu ya mbozi,
- udzudzu
- mphete zamakutu
- chinjoka chachikulu,
- agulugufe osiyanasiyana
- nsikidzi za mitengo
- nkhalango ndi maluwa
- akangaude ena.
Nthawi zina, zisa za mbalame zazing'ono zimawonongeka, kuphatikiza ndi redstart ndi grey flycatcher. Monga lamulo, nthumwi zoyimira m'mabanja am'mawa zimadya m'mawa, koma nthawi zina njirayi imatha kuchedwa mpaka chakudya chamasana.
Adani achilengedwe
Oriole nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi hawk ndi falcon, chiwombankhanga ndi kite.. Makamaka owopsa amawonedwa kuti ndiyo nthawi yochezera. Inali panthawiyi kuti achikulire adatha kukhala tcheru, kusunthira chidwi chawo pamaphunziro a ana. Komabe, malo osafikirika a chisa amakhala chitsimikizo china cha kuteteza anapiye ndi achikulire kwa adani ambiri.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Amuna amasamalira akazi awo bwino, pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi. Pakatha mlungu umodzi, mbalamezo zimadzipangira zokha, ndipo zitatha mkaziyo ndi kusankha malo abwino omangira chisa, ndikuyambanso ntchito yake yomanga. Chisa cha Oriole chili pamwamba kwambiri pamtunda. Chifukwa cha kusabisala bwino, foloko yopingasa m'm nthambi imasankhidwa patali kuchokera pa tsinde la chomera.
Maonekedwe ake, chisacho chimafanana ndi basiketi yaying'ono, yaying'ono. Zinthu zonse zonyamula kapangidwe kameneka zimasungidwa mosamala ndi modalirika ndi foloko ya mbalameyo pogwiritsa ntchito malovu, pambuyo pake makoma akunja a chisacho. Monga zida zomangira zomata zadengu, ulusi wamasamba, zopota zazingwe ndi zidutswa za ubweya wa nkhosa, maudzu ndi gawo la tsinde, masamba owuma ndi cocoons a tizilombo, mbewa ndi mitengo yamatabwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mkati mwa chisa muli ndindende ndi nthenga.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga lamulo, ntchito yomanga njirayi imatenga masiku 7 kapena 10, kenako mkaziyo amaikira mazira atatu kapena anayi a utoto wonyezimira, woyera kapena wonyezimira wokhala ndi mawanga akuda kapena a bulauni pamaso pake.
Kusintha kumakodwa ndi wamkazi, ndipo patapita milungu ingapo anapiyewo. Ana onse omwe adawonekera mu June kuyambira miniti yoyamba ya miyoyo yawo amasamalidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi kholo lawo, lomwe limawateteza kuti asazizidwe ndi kuzizira, mvula ndi dzuwa. Wamphongo nthawi iyi amabweretsa chakudya chachikazi ndi ana. Ana akangokulirapo, makolo onse awiri amapita kukagula chakudya. Anapiye achikulire omwe amakhala ndi milungu iwiri amatchedwa timabereka. Zimatuluka mu chisa ndipo zimakhala nthambi zoyandikana. Munthawi imeneyi, sakudziwa momwe angadzipezere chakudya chawochokha ndipo amatha kukhala osavuta kudya nyama zodyedwa. Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amadyetsa ana ngakhale "atayimirira pamapiko."
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Malinga ndi zomwe boma linaperekedwa ndi International Union for Conservation of Natural, a Orioles ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya anthu a kum'mawa a Asia, Vorobinobraznye ndi banja la Orioles. Inde, m'zaka zaposachedwa pakhala kutsika kwambiri mwa kuchuluka kwa mbalame zotere, koma mitunduyi sikuti ikutha. Malinga ndi Red Book lapadziko lonse lapansi, a Oriole pakalipano amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ma taxon otsika kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti LC.
European Oriole, Oriolus oriolus oriolus (Oriolus oriolus oriolus)
Amuna akuluakulu ndi achikaso chowoneka bwino chakumbuyo kumbuyo, mutu komanso kunsi kwa thupi, mapiko ndi akuda, okhala ndi nsonga zachikaso zamahatchi akuluakulu, nthenga zowala za mapiko, nthenga zazitali kwambiri za mchira wam'kati ndi zamkati zili ndi mawanga amtundu wakuda, thumba lakuda, lalitali, osawoneka bwino pakatikati ndikufika pafupi m'lifupi mwake mkati mwa zolumikizira zamkati kwambiri, utawaleza ndi wofiyira, mulomo ndi wofiirira wamtundu wakuda, miyendo ndi imvi. Mwa akazi, kumtunda kwa thupi, chikasu chimasinthidwa ndi mtundu wa maolivi wobiriwira, mchira wachikasu uli pamapiko, wakuda umasinthidwa ndi bulauni pamapiko, mikondo yapakati imakhala yobiriwira ndi yakuda pamtunda, pansi pake ndi loyera ndi mawonekedwe ambiri osawoneka bwino, okhala ndi chikasu chamkati, mmbali ndi mbali. Achichepere ali ngati akazi. Lambulani mchira wamtsogolo
European Oriole ili ponseponse pakati komanso kumwera kwa Europe, ikufika ku 60 ° C ku Scandinavia. w. ku Europe gawo la USSR, kufikira kummawa ku Altai ndi Semirechye kumpoto. Nyengo ku Africa komanso magulu ochepa ku Sindh.
Turkestan Oriole, Oriolus oriolus turkestanicus (chilumba cha O. turkestanikus)
Kusiyana kochokera ku European-Siberian Oriole: chingwe chakuda chimapita kumbuyo kwa diso (koma osati kumbuyo kwa mutu), owongolera owopsa mwa abambo akuluakulu amakhala pafupifupi achikasu, kalilore wachikasu kumapiko amapangika kwambiri, mwa akazi kunja kwawoko. Ntchentche yachiwiri nthawi zambiri imakhala yofupikira kuposa yachisanu, pomwe ili ku O. chiŵerengero cha oriolus ndi chosiyana. Kukula kwake ndi kakang'ono: mapiko
Zoweta ku Turkestan, kumpoto kwa Syr-Darya lowland ndi Alexander ridge ndi chapakati Tien Shan.
Wachinese wamutu wakuda Wachinole, Oriolus chinensis diffusus (O. chinensis diffus)
Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi mwa abambo akuluakulu ndi achikasu owoneka bwino, kumtunda kwa mutu ndi khosi, zing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi mchira, komanso kulumikizana kwakunja kwa zokutira zazikulu - chikasu, kumbuyo, mapiko ophimba apakati, matungidwe akunja a kachilomboka kakang'ono ndi maluwa ozungulira pabwalo lakanjako laling'ono , kulumikizira kwamkati kwa ntchentche zazing'ono zakumbuyo ndi ma ntchentche otsala - akuda, oyenda pakati akuda, mbali yachikaso yokhala ndi poyambira wakuda, poyandikira pakati mchira, maziko akuda amakhala mowirikiza danga, chingwe, malo kumbuyo kwa diso ndi gulu lonse lakuda kumbuyo. Zachikazi zimasiyana ndi zazimuna chifukwa chakuti ma hemmsman amtundu wakuda ndi obiriwira, msana umakhala woderapo komanso wobiriwira, utoto wachikaso kumapiko, khosi ndi mutu umasinthidwa ndi kiyala, wachikasu, malo oyang'ana kumbuyo ndi mawonekedwe a koronayo ndi amtundu wakuda, bulauni, pansi kumayera pakhosi, pakati pa chifuwa ndi pamimba, pokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda kapena ongoyambika pang'ono, otchekera, pansi ndi mbali zake ndi zachikaso. Nthawi zina zazikazi zachikulire zimakhala zofanana kwenikweni ndi zazimuna, mosiyana ndi iwo mumtundu wakuda ndi msana. Achichepere ali ngati zovala zachikazi zomwe tafotokozazi.
Ndiwakulu kuposa Oriole wamba, yemwe amadziwika kwambiri m'miyendo ndi mulomo (mapikowo amakhala aatali pang'ono): mapiko a mkanda wa metatars Mkamwa mwa akulu ndi wofiyira, mwa ana - bulauni, miyendo imvi.
Oriole imagawidwa kuchokera kumwera kwa Dauria kudutsa chigwa cha Amur ndi Ussuri, mpaka kumadzulo kwa Blagoveshchensk, komanso ku China komanso pachilumba cha Formosa. Nyengo ku India, Burma, Ceylon, pachilumba cha Malacca komanso ku Indochina.