Melanochromis auratus (Latin: Melanochromis auratus) kapena parrot wagolide ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri za Nyanja ya Malawi.
Zomwe zimachitika kwa auratus - chachikazi ndi chachimuna zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amuna amakhala ndi thupi lakuda ndi mikwaso yachikaso ndi yamtambo, ndipo akazi amakhala achikasu ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Kukongoletsa kotere kumapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa zikuwonekera bwino komwe wina angapewe mikangano pakati pa amuna.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Melanochromis auratus adafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1897. Matendawa akupezeka ku Nyanja ya Malawi ku Africa. Amakhala kugombe lakumwera, kuchokera ku Yalo reef kupita ku Nkota Kota, komanso kumadzulo kwa Crocodile Rocks.
Golden Parrot ndi imodzi mwacichlids oyamba ku Africa kuti agulitse. Ndi gawo la banja la ma cichlids otchedwa mbuna, momwe muli mitundu 13 yomwe imadziwika ndi zochitika komanso nkhanza.
Mbuna, m'chilankhulo cha anthu aku Malawi amatanthauza nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'matanthwe. Dzinali limalongosola bwino zomwe amakonda m'malo auratus, chifukwa pambali pawo palinso bakha - nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi otseguka.
Imapezeka kwambiri m'miyala. Mwachilengedwe, mbuna imapangidwa ndi mabanja amtala omwe amakhala achimuna ndi achikazi angapo.
Amuna opanda gawo ndipo achikazi amakhala okha, kapena otayika m'magulu a nsomba 8-10.
Amamadya kwambiri mwala wamiyala yomwe imamera pamiyala, ndikuwadula pamalo owuma. Komanso idyani tizilombo, nkhono, plankton, mwachangu.
Mawonekedwe
Melanochromis ali ndi thupi lalitali, maso akulu ndi kamwa yaying'ono. Pali zinthu zofunikira pakamwa pakudula zitsamba. Malipiro a dorsal ndi aatali, opepuka. Male auraratus melanochromis ndi akuda. Mzere wozungulira wopyola thupi lonse ndi wachikasu. Pa golide la miyala ya golide pali malo amdima. Akazi ndi achikaso achikuda ndi chingwe chakuda, mchirawo ndi wopepuka wokhala ndi mawanga amdima. Dorsal fin chikasu ndimalo amdima. Mu malo okhala ndi akazi okhaokha, mikhalidwe ya amuna imadziwika kwambiri.
Zovuta pazomwe zili
Nsomba za asodzi otsogola ndi ozindikira am'madzi. Ma parrots agolide amakhala ankhanza kwambiri, makamaka amuna, ndipo ndi osayenera kwathunthu pama aquariums wamba.
Ayenera kusungidwa ndi ma cichlids ena mosiyana ndi iwo, kapena ndi nsomba zachangu zomwe zimakhala m'madzi apamwamba, kapena padera. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, amasintha mwachangu, amadya bwino komanso amakhala osavuta.
Auratus amatha kutchedwa zovuta pakukonza nsomba, osati koyenera kwa oyamba kumene. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba izi, makamaka zamphongo, ndizomwe zimakhala ndipo zimakhala zankhanza.
Ogwiritsa ntchito nsomba ku Novice nthawi zambiri amagula nsomba izi, koma kenako amapeza kuti anapha nsomba zina zonse za m'madzi. Amuna sadzalekerera zazimuna zina ndi nsomba zofananira nawo.
Ngakhale sizimphona kukula, pafupifupi 11 masentimita, kawirikawiri, kumawoneka, komwe mkwiyo kwambiri umachokera.
Nthawi yomweyo, akazi nawonso amakhala achiwawa komanso okonda kucheza. Ngati simufuna kubereka, ndibwino kusungitsa zazikazi zingapo mu malo amodzi. Amakhala osachita ukali kwambiri ndipo pomwe abambo sangathe kusintha mtundu wawo kukhala utoto wa amuna, ndiye kuti amakhala amuna.
Yaikazi yayikulu imaberekanso yamphongo, ndipo yonseyo ndi yaikazi. Amuna ndi osowa kwambiri, komanso amasintha mtundu pansi pa akazi.
Kutchuka kunawabweretsa kwa iwo ndi mtundu wowala - golide wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yamtambo.
Melanochromis auratus - zakudya
Maziko azakudya zachilengedwe za auratus ndi algae omwe amaphimba miyala yamadzi pansi pamadzi, ndi mitundu yonse yazinthu zazing'ono zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala pakati pa izi algae zimagwira ngati gawo lina lama protein.
Mu aquarium, algae itha kusintha m'malo mwa letesi, dandelion, sipinachi ndi parsley, komanso nandolo zotentha. Pazocheperako, mutha kupatsa mkate wakuda ndi woyera. Kudyetsa nyama - corvette, daphnia, enchitrea ndi mawombo amwazi ziyenera kungowonjezera zakudya zamasamba. Chowonjezera chabwino chimatha kukhala chopanda bwino kwambiri chouma chopangidwa makamaka ndi ma cichlids a herbivorous.
Popeza azolowera zakudya zotere, mbuns safunanso kukongoletsa mbewu zam'madzi.
Nthawi zambiri, zakudya za auratus ziyenera kukhala zakudya zam'mera, chifukwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chazinyama muzakudya, pali mwayi wa poizoni wa protein omwe ungayambitse nsomba.
Kuswana melanochromis wa auratus
Melanochromis Auratus Imaberekana bwino kwambiri m'matanthwe.
Mukukula kwake, mtundu wamphongo umakhala wowala bwino. Wamkazi wokonzekera kutuluka amasambira m'chigawo chake ndikuyika mazira 40, pambuyo pake amatenga mkamwa mwake. Kenako imalimbitsa yamphongo kuti imuna. Amuna akatulutsa umuna, mkaziyo amatenga pakamwa pake, chifukwa, mazira amathiridwa manyowa.
Pambuyo pa milungu itatu, mwachangu wopangidwa bwino amabadwa. Zomwe zimatha kudyetsedwa nthawi yomweyo nauplii brine shrimp kapena chakudya chapadera chowuma cha mwachangu. Masiku oyamba azimayi amateteza ana ake, kuwalola kubisala mkamwa mwawo ngati kuli pangozi. Kukhala kosavuta kuti mwachangu azikhala ndi moyo mpaka atakula, ngati mutakhala ndi malo ambiri osungirako zinyama momwe mungabisalire nsomba zazikulu. Nthawi zambiri, masabata atatu pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa Auratus amakula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 2,5.
Juvenile melanochromis auratus
Mwa kusankha gulu la nsomba zamasamba kukula kwake, mtundu wake ndi mawonekedwe ake, mutha kupanga chikhazikitso cholimba cha ma cichlids aku Malawi mu malo amodzi akuluakulu.
Akatswiri ena am'madzi amalangiza kuti abzale tinsomba tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ngati iris, kufalitsa zamtopola zazimuna, ku auratus.
Pakadali pano, monga vuto ku Nyanja ya Malawi, melanochromis auratus ili m'buku lofiira la International Union for Conservation of Nature, lotchedwa LC (Chachikulu Chodetsa nkhawa), kutanthauza kuti nyamayi siyikuwopsa.
Auratus
Amuna ndi akazi a auratus (Melanochromis auratus), omwe amadziwikanso kuti Golden Mbuna, amasiyana mitundu, chifukwa chake ambiri amafuna kuwona amuna ndi akazi omwe amakhala azisudzo zawo. Izi nsomba mosavuta kuthana ndi osafunikira algal fouling, mmalo Plekostomus lalikulu kapena ena okhala. Komanso, Melanochromis auratus nthawi zambiri amaberekanso m'mizinda yakumadzi, koma, popeza ndiwankhanza kwambiri, imafunikira malo ambiri. Kusamalira nthumwi zamtunduwu kumawonedwa kukhala kovuta. Nthawi zambiri, oyamba kumene, akugula nsomba, amapeza kuti amawononga anthu otsalira am'madzi. Pofuna kusamalira bwino wamwamuna mmodzi ndi akazi angapo, osachepera 200 malita amadzi ndi malo okhala ndi malo ambiri obisika komwe angabisaleko akufunika. Akatswiri ena am'madzi amalimbikitsa kulumikiza nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi, mwachitsanzo, iris, kwa auratus, kufalitsa nkhanza zamphongo. Melanochromis auratus anali amodzi mwa oyamba acichlids am'madzi.
Habitat
Melanochromis auratus anafotokozedwa ndi George Bulecane mu 1897 ndipo akupezeka ku Nyanja ya Malawi, yomwe ili ku Africa. Izi nsomba zimakhala kum'mwera kwa nyanjayi, m'chigawo chomangidwa ndi dambo la Yalo komanso kumpoto kwa Nhota Kota, gombe lakumadzulo ndi miyala yamamba. Mitunduyo siyipezeka pafupi ndi gombe lakummawa kwa nyanjayi. Auratus amakonda malo amiyala ndipo amadya zitsamba zamadzi m'madzi.
Mkhalidwe:
Melanochromis auratus ali mu Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Natural, koma pansi pa udindo wa LC (Least Concern), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtunduwu ndiwokayikitsa kuti ungaike pangozi. Mawonekedwe Auratus amasiyanitsidwa ndi muzzle wa pakamwa, kamwa yopapatiza komanso lalitali la dorsal. Wamphongo ndi wachikazi ndi osiyana mautoto - male dorsal fin ndi translucent ndipo utoto wachikaso. Ilinso ndi madontho akuda omwe amawonjezera pamzere. Mtundu wa nsana wamphongo umachoka ku golide kupita ku chikasu chakuda, ndipo thupi lonse limapakidwa lakuda. Komanso, mzere woonda wachikaso wokhala ndi malire amtambo wabuluu umayenderera ndi thupi lonse kuchokera kumaso kupita kumapazi kumbuyo. Mchira wopakidwa utoto pakati ndipo wachikaso m'mphepete. M ziphuphu zakumbuyo zakuda ndimtambo wamtambo wabuluu. Thupi la mkazi ndi golide wowoneka bwino ndi utoto wakuda wa dorsal fin utoto kumapeto. Kumbuyo kulinso lakuda. Chingwe chakuda chokhala ndi chingwe choyera kapena chamtambo chimayenderera thupi lonse kuchokera m'maso mpaka kumapazi. Mchira wachikazi umayera ndi madontho akuda kumtunda ndi golide pansi. Zipsepse zotsalazo ndizopakidwa golide.
Mwamuna ndi mkazi Melanochromis auratus.
Wamkazi Auratus.
Auratus wachikazi wokhala ndi mwachangu mkamwa mwake
Achinyamata amawoneka mosiyana. Mimba zawo ndi zagolide, ndipo torso yakumwambayo ndiyoyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda itatu. Mikwingwiroyi imakonzedwa motere: imodzi pakati pa thunthu, imodzi kumbuyo ndi yomaliza kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa dorsal. Mtundu wa mchira ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wa mchira wachikazi wachikulire, ngakhale pali zochitika zina kuti m'malo mwa madontho akuda pali mikwingwirima yakuda pa iyo (nthawi zambiri kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka itatu ya moyo). Mtundu wa amuna auratus umayamba kusintha pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pakubadwa. Ma cichlids onse ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi zina, monga Napoleon ndi Skara - kuwonjezera pa mano wamba, nsomba imakhala ndi mzere wowonjezera wam'mano wophatikizika wam'mero. Komanso ma cichlids kumbuyo kwa zipsepse zonse zimakhala ndi ma spikes, cholinga chake ndikuthamangitsa nyama zomwe zimadya zilombo. Mbali zakutsogolo za zipsepse zimakhala zofewa kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa cha iwo, ma cichlids amatha kusunthika ndikusunthira m'madzi popanda kuyesayesa, ngakhale kuti zipsepse zotere zimachepetsa kuthamanga kwa nsomba. Pamizere yokhala ndi ma cichlids pamakhala mphuno ziwiri, mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphuno mbali zonse. Kununkhira madzi, ma cichlids amamuyamwa ndikutulutsa "zitsanzo" pambuyo pake kwakanthawi kofunikira kuti azindikire kununkhira. Izi zimaphatikiza ma cichlids ndi nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi chifukwa chake pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti oimira mabanja awa ndi mitundu yofanana.
Auratusa nthawi zambiri safika masentimita 11 kutalika, koma mu malo okhala m'mizinda amatha kukhala akuluakulu.
Kusamalira ndi Kudyetsa
Melanochromis auratus gawo lalikulu ndi herbivore kotero kuti mbewu zilizonse zomwe wansarar amamuwonjezera mu aquarium ndizoyenera iye. Ndikofunika kuti muziwadyetsa kangapo patsiku zazing'onozing'ono zamasamba atsopano kapena achisanu. Spirulina amalimbikitsidwa kuti akhale chinthu chachikulu kwambiri chansomba. Zakudya zoterezi zimathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Tikulimbikitsidwanso kupewa kupewetsa chakudya cha nyama za auratus monga mtima wamphongo, chifukwa zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta m'mimba mwa nsomba. Ngakhale kuti madzi am'madzi omwe ali ndi madzi okwanira 200 malita, pamene mitundu ingapo imasungidwa pamodzi, malo ochepera ndi 500 malita. Nsombayi imakhala ndi chidaliro m'madzi oyera komanso osakhwima, koma imafunika kusinthidwa kwamadzi nthawi zonse komanso kusefa bwino. Kuti mukhalebe ndi pH, ma coral ophwanyika kapena miyala yokhazikika ya nsomba yam'madzi zofunikira. Mwa njira, m'malo azachilengedwe a Melanochromis auratus, pansi pamakutidwa ndi mchenga. Komanso, kuti mupereke malo ambiri okhalamo, ndikofunikira kuyika miyala yambiri momwe ingathere pansi. Nsombazi zimakonda kukumba, chifukwa chake miyala amayiyika mchenga. Ngati madzi sawoneka bwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti ma cichlids amatha kuwonongeka mwachangu. Mavuto ena adzaperekedwa ndikusintha kwa sabata kwa 20-50% yamadzi, kutengera katundu wa aquarium ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana. Bloating ndi matenda ofala kwambiri auratus, makamaka ngati zakudya zamasamba sizinatsatidwe kapena chakudya sichinali bwino. Matenda ena ambiri omwe amadziwika ndi nsomba zonse zam'madzi abwino amakhalanso achilengedwe.
Malo omwe mumakonda mu aquarium: Palibe malo mu Aquarium pomwe nsomba izi sizimakonda kusambira.
Mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda mu Nyanja ya Malawi imadziwika ndi mchere wambiri. Chifukwa cha izi komanso nthenga zambiri, madzi mu nyanjayi amadziwika ndi ma alkali ndi mchere wambiri. Nyanjayi imadziwika chifukwa chowonekera komanso kukhazikika kwa zizindikiro zambiri zamankhwala, kuphatikiza pH. Kuchokera apa zikuwoneka bwino chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'anira magawo am'madzi mu aquarium ndi nsomba zochokera ku Nyanja ya Malawi. Kuopsa kwa ammonia kumawonjezeka ndi pH yowonjezereka, chifukwa chake musalole kuiwala kusintha madzi mu aquarium. Ngati izi sizikwaniritsidwa, nsomba zimatha kuyambiranso kutalika kwa kusintha kwa pH. Kuuma: 6-10 ° dH pH: 7.7 - 8.6 Kutentha: 23 -28 ° C
Nsombazo sizitha kutchedwa zochezeka. Zimamveka bwino ngati mulibe mitundu ina m'matanthwe. Mwakutero, auratus amatha kuyanjana ndi mbuns zina zankhanza, ngati sizili zofanana kukula ndi mtundu. Palibe chifukwa muyenera kuwonjezera nsomba ku aquarium kuma cichlids amtendere. Auratus amathanso kulimbana ndi amuna amtundu wina omwe ndi ofanana ndi iwo. Mitundu ina ya mbun sangathe kubereka mpaka Melanochromis auratus atachotsedwa pa lonjezo la aquarium. Auratusov amasungidwa bwino pang'ono, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi amuna amodzi ndi akazi angapo. Ngati msodzi wapamadzi apezabe amuna angapo, ndiye kuti azilimbana pakati pawo mpaka mmodzi yekha atsala wamoyo. M'madzi okhala ndi madzi ochepera 500 malita, zitha kuchitika kuti mkazi wopambana amapha amuna ofooka. Mwa njira, zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakonda kukhala zankhanza pafupi ndi nthawi yomwe caviar imakula m'mimba mwawo, ndipo amakhala okonzeka kuiponya. M'mizinda yaying'ono kwambiri, amuna amathanso kupha zazikazi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngati aquarium imakhala ndi nsomba zochuluka kwambiri zamitundu ina, kuti muchepetse mkwiyo wa Melanochromis auratus, ndikofunikira kusintha madzi ena mu aquarium kangapo sabata.
Kubala Auratus
Melanochromis auratus amabala bwino muukapolo. Cichlid, monga mbuns zina zambiri, zimazungulira gawo laimuna. Pakutulutsa, mtundu wamphongo umakhala wowala bwino. Zachikazi zimayikira mazira 40 ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimabisa mkamwa mwawo mpaka umuna. Kenako imalimbitsa yamphongo kuti imuna. Amuna akatulutsa umuna, mkazi amawamwetsa mkamwa ndipo mankhwalawo amathira umuna. Fryayi imabadwa pambuyo pa masabata atatu kutentha kwa 28 ° C. Ana ake amatha kudyetsedwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa kapena chakudya chapadera cha nsomba, mwachitsanzo, artemia nauplii. Masiku angapo oyamba wamkazi azisamalira ana ake, kuwalola kubisala mkamwa mwawo ngati kuli pangozi. Kukhala kosavuta kuti mwachangu azikhala ndi moyo mpaka atakula, ngati muli ndi malo ambiri omwe mungabise mu malo anu am'madzi. Nthawi zambiri, pakatha milungu itatu kuchokera kubadwa kwa Auratus kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 2,5.
Kufotokozera kwa Melanochromis auratus
Melanochromis auratus (Latin: Melanochromis auratus) kapena dzina lina ndi Golden Parrot - imodzi mwa ma cichlids a Nyanja ya Malawi.
Zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi auratus - chachikazi ndi chachimuna zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana, amphongo amakhala ndi thupi lakuda ndi mikwaso yachikaso ndi yamtambo, ndipo akazi amakhala achikasu ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Kusiyana kwa golide wamwamuna ndi wamkazi auratus melanochromis
Mtundu wa golide wa auratus melanochromis umapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa asitikali am'madzi, chifukwa zikuwoneka bwino komwe wina amatha kupewa mikangano pakati pa amuna.
Ngakhale ziyenera kudziwika kuti mbalame zazikazi za golide zagolide zimapanganso zankhondo komanso zodabwitsa kwambiri.
Ngati mulibe cholinga cha kubereka kwawo, ndibwino kuti muzisunga zazikazi zingapo mu aquarium imodzi.Simunthu wankhanza kwambiri, ndipo popanda amuna, amatha kusintha mtundu wawo kukhala utoto wa amuna, ndiko kuti, powoneka amakhala amuna.
Yaikazi yayikulu imaberekanso yamphongo, ndipo yonseyo ndi yaikazi. Amuna ndi osowa kwambiri, komanso amasintha mtundu wa akazi.Utchuka umabweretsa kwa iwo ndi mtundu wowala - golide wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yamtambo.
Nsomba yophika ya golide ya ma cichlids onse yoyamba kugulitsidwa. Ndi banja la acichlids lotchedwa mbuna, banja ili ndi mitundu 13 yomwe ili yogwira komanso yamtopola.
Chifukwa chake, chipika cha golide cha cichlid chimatchedwanso mbuna chagolide.
Mbuna, m'chilankhulo cha anthu aku Malawi amatanthauza nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'matanthwe. Dzinali limalongosola bwino zomwe zingakonde m'malo a auratus melanochromis golide, chifukwa kuwonjezera pamenepo palinso bakha - nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi otseguka.
Auratus melanochromis ndi nsomba yomwe ndiyovuta kusamalira, siyabwino kwa oyamba kumene. Popeza nsomba izi, makamaka zamphongo, ndizobiriwira komanso zamtopola.
Oyamba azam'madzi nthawi zambiri amagula nsomba zamalonda agolide, koma kenako amapeza kuti auratus anapha nsomba zina zonse za m'madzi.
Amphongo amphongo agolide samalekerera amuna ndi nsomba zina zomwe zimawoneka ngati zawo. Ngakhale siakulu kukula, pafupifupi 11 masentimita, nthawi zina ochulukirapo.
Golden parrot kapena melanochromis auratus - akukhala mwachilengedwe
Melanochromis auratus adafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1897. Matendawa akupezeka ku Nyanja ya Malawi ku Africa. Amakhala kugombe lakumwera, kuchokera ku Yalo reef kupita ku Nkota Kota, komanso kumadzulo kwa Crocodile Rocks.
Imapezeka kwambiri m'miyala. Mwachilengedwe, mbuna zagolide zimapangidwa ndi mabanja amtala omwe amakhala achimuna ndi achikazi angapo.
Amuna opanda gawo ndipo achikazi amakhala okha, kapena otayika m'magulu a nsomba 8-10.
Nsomba zimadya parrot wagolide makamaka mwala womwe umamera pamiyala, kuwadula pamalo owuma. Komanso idyani tizilombo, nkhono, plankton, mwachangu.
Dongosolo la nsomba yamphongo
Melanochromis wa auratus amakhala ndi thupi lokwera, mutu wozungulira, kamwa laling'ono komanso chopendekera dorsal. Nsomba zodyera golide zimakhala ndi mano a pharyngeal opangidwa kuti azitha kutulutsa algae yolimba.
Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa thupi la mbuna chagolide kumakhala pafupifupi 11 masentimita, ngakhale ndi zinthu zabwino kumatha kukula kwambiri. Golide wa Auratus melanochromis amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 5.
Kudyetsa
Mwachilengedwe, amadya chakudya chambiri, motero amawononga mbewu zilizonse m'madzi anu. Mitundu yolimba yokha, monga anubias, yomwe imapeza mwayi.
Mu aquarium, amathanso kudyetsedwa onse okhala amoyo ndi oundana. Koma gawo lalikulu lazodyetsa liyenera kudyetsedwa ndi mpweya wabwino wazomera zambiri.
Itha kukhala yodyetsa ndi spirulina, kapena chakudya chapadera cha ma cichlids aku Africa, popeza alipo ambiri ogulitsidwa tsopano.
Madzi mu Nyanja ya Malawi ndi olimba, ali ndi mchere wambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nyanjayi ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mu pH ndi kutentha kwake kuli kochepa. Kotero kukhazikika, ili ndi gawo lofunikira pazomwe zili cichylid mbuna.
Madzi pazomwe zili ndi auratus azikhala ovuta (6 - 10 dGH) okhala ndi ph: 7.7-8.6 ndi kutentha 23-28 ° С. Ngati mukukhala m'chigawo chokhala ndi madzi ochepa, ndiye kuti mufunika kukulira, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito matanthwe a coral omwe awonjezeredwa pansi.
Mwachilengedwe, mbuna amakhala mdera lamiyala yambiri pansi ndi mchenga ngati dothi. Mu aquarium muyenera kubwereza zomwezo - kuchuluka kwa malo okhala, mchenga, kolimba ndi madzi amchere.
Nthawi yomweyo, amakumba pansi mwamphamvu, ndipo miyala akhoza kukumba. Zomera sizingabzalidwe konse, zimafunikira melanochromis kokha ngati chakudya.
Dziwani kuti ma cichlids onse a ku Africa amafunikira madzi okhala ndi magulo okhazikika, oyera komanso okwanira okosijeni wosungunuka. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito fayilo yamphamvu yakunja si chinthu chapamwamba, koma chofunikira kwambiri.
Aquarium
Kukula kovomerezeka kwa wamwamuna kapena wamkazi kumayambira 200 malita. Awiri mwa amuna omwe akukwatirana mwa amuna ochepa mawu ocheperako angayambitse kuletsa kwa mkazi. Sungani gulu la amuna ndi akazi angapo mu tank lama 400 l kapena kupitilira. Osakhazikika amuna awiri mumtsuko umodzi.
Magawo amadzi
Kutentha | 23-31 madigiri |
Acidity pH | 7–8,5 |
Zovuta | 10-15 dGh |
Zokoma | chololedwa pamakamu a 1,0002. |
Sinthani madzi ndi 20-25% ya okwanira sabata. Nthawi ndi nthawi yang'anani madzimadzi kuti apange mankhwala owopsa ndi mayeso amadzi. Onetsetsani kuti mwateteza madzi ampopi. Chapakatikati, onjezerani ma processor amadzi.
Kugwirizana
Imasungidwa bwino kwambiri mu malo amodzi payokha, kapena nokha ndi ma cichlids ena. Amakhala limodzi ndi mbuna zina zankhanza, koma ndikofunikira kuti zisawoneka monga iwo ndi mawonekedwe ndi thupi.
Ngati nsombazo ndi zofanana, ndiye kuti auratus amangowakumana nawo. Pamaso pa malo okhala ndi malo owerengera, sadzafa, koma amakhala opsinjika ndipo sadzaphulika.
Parrot wagolide amayisunga bwino kwambiri m'nyumba ya akazi ndi akazi angapo.
Ngati pali amuna awiri am'madzi mu aquarium, ndiye m'modzi yekha amene adzapulumuka. Akazi nawonso amakhala ocheperako, koma pochepera.
Ponena za mitundu ina ya nsomba, ndikofunikira kusankha nsomba zachangu zomwe zimakhala pakati komanso pamwamba pamadzi. Mwachitsanzo, utawaleza wa neon kapena Sumatran barb.
Mkwiyo:
Kufotokozera
Nsomba imakhala ndi thupi lokwera, mutu wozungulira, kamwa laling'ono komanso kumapeto kwa dorsal. Amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mano a pharyngeal, chifukwa chomwe amatha kuthana ndi algae yolimba.
Kutalika kwapakati thupi la auratus ndi 11 cm, koma nthawi zina, chifukwa cha chisamaliro chabwino ndi kukonza, anthu amatha kufikira zazikulu zokulirapo.
Ganizirani zomwe muyenera kuyang'anira posamalira auratus ndi momwe mungatsimikizire kutonthozedwa.
Zofunikira za Aquarium
Nsombayi imakhala momasuka muchidebe chokhala ndi madzi olimba komanso msambo wa pH wa 7.7-8.6, matenthedwe akuyenera kukhala osiyanasiyana 23 23 ° С. Ngati madziwo ali ofewa, muyenera kuwonjezera kuuma kwake ndikuwonjezera zinyalala za coral m'nthaka. Kukula kwa aquarium kuyenera kukhala osachepera 200 malita.
Madzi amayenera kutsukidwa, mpweya wowonjezereka womwe uli mkati mwake ndiolandiridwa. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yakunja yamphamvu. Zowunikira ziyenera kukhala zowala kwambiri - parrot wagolide sakonda mthunzi.
Nsomba zimakonda madzi oyera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe 20-50% yamadzi kamodzi pa sabata. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zowasamalira. Onetsetsani kuti mukusamala ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity m'thupi lanu lamadzi, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zida zake zapamwamba, parrot wagolide amatha kufa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, onetsetsani kuti miyala iyi siyimapezeka pansi penipeni pa aquarium, chifukwa ikhoza kuthyola.
Zachilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe
Nsomba zamtunduwu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi dera komanso nkhanza. Otsatira m'madzi opanda nzeru nthawi zina amatenga ndikuziyika mu malo amodzi am'madzi, ndipo patapita kanthawi azindikira kuti mwa onse omwe akukhala zigawenga zagolide zokha ndi omwe anapulumuka. Mu nsomba zina zilizonse zomwe zili zofanana ndi izo, amphongo amawona mpikisano ndipo amayesetsa kuti athetse.
Kuswana
Panthawi yochulukitsa, yamphongo imayamba kuthamangitsa wamkazi. Amayikira mazira 40, omwe nthawi yomweyo amabisala mkamwa mwake. Pamenepo adzafika kwa milungu itatu. Kuphatikiza apo: ngakhale atabadwa mwachangu, mkaziyo amapitilizabe kuwateteza, ndipo ngati ali pachiwopsezo, amabisala anawo mkamwa mwake.
Zaumoyo
Nthawi zambiri, melanochromis ali ndi matenda amtundu - uwu ndi matenda ake. Pokhala ndi zosayenera zakudya, mwayi wopeza matenda umachulukirachulukira, makamaka nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ngati chakudya chomera sichitsatiridwa. Mwambiri, ma cichlids amadwala matenda omwe amodzi ndi nsomba zamadzi ambiri. Nthawi yayitali yoyembekezera auratus ndi zaka 5.
Golden Parrot ndi wokongola kwambiri, koma nsomba zachilendo. Sioyenera kubereketsa ndi kukonza mwa oyamba kumene, koma ngati mungafune, kutsatira malingaliro onse a chisamaliro, mutha kukulira zachilendo komanso zowala nzika zam'madzi.
Kudulira
Pansi, malo:
- mchenga wozungulira,
- mchenga wamakhola
- miyala yabwino.
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, melanochromis adzafunika malo ambiri okhalamo. Ikani chidebe ndi auratus:
- miyala yokumba ndi yachilengedwe,
- grottoes
- m'mapanga
- miphika yadongo.
Kusamalira dziwe mlungu uliwonse limaphatikizapo dothi. Sambani pansi bwino osaphonya chigamba chimodzi.
Positi idagawidwa ndi Nick (@nikolaysmolovoy) pa Oct 13, 2015 nthawi ya 10:36 am PDT
Ngati zokongoletserazi zidapangidwa mwaluso, onetsetsani kuti utotowo suwakhudza kapangidwe ka madzi ndipo sukuvulaza melanochromis. Sanjani miyala mosamala kuchokera mumsewu kuti isabweretse majeremusi mu thankiyo. Pazokongoletsera zopangidwa ndi nyumba, sankhani guluu wa aquarium.
Zida
Zida za auratus:
- Zosefera. Sankhani fayilo yabwino. Mumakonda zakunja chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu.
- Wopondaponda. Zimafunikira pakutha kwa mpweya m'madzi, kuti melanochromis apume.
- Web. Ndikofunikira kukhalabe kutentha kwa chipinda chazizira.
- Ozizira. Zidzafunika mu chilimwe, kutentha kuzimilira pamwamba 28 degrees. Njira ina ndi madzi achisanu okhala m'mabotolo. Komanso mpweya wamkati uzithandiza.
- Thermometer imayenera kuwunika kutentha kwa madzi. Galasi lamkati lamkati limapereka kutentha moyenera.
Kufalikira
Nthawi yakubala, yamphongo imawonetsa chidwi ndi yaikazi. Akazi okonzekera kuterera amasambira m'gawo la wamwamuna. Zomangamanga zimakhala ndi mazira 40-100, omwe auratus amatemera pakamwa kwa masabata atatu. Makolo amasamalira mwachangu atagogoda; mpaka miyezi itatu, mwachangu amabisala pakamwa pawo kuchokera ku zoopsa. Dyetsani mwachangu ndi nauplii brine shrimp, wowaza zakudya ndi mankhwala azitsamba. Samalani kwambiri ndi madzi oyera.
Matenda
M'madzi opanda bwino chifukwa chopsinjika nthawi zonse, melanochromis amatenga matenda:
- Bloating Malawi. Nsombazo zimakhala zoopsa, zimatha kudya, ndipo m'mimba zimatupa. Matendawa amayenda ndi exfoliation komanso kupumira mwachangu kwa nsomba. Matendawa amatha masiku atatu, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo iphedwe. Chitani nsomba ndi maantibayotiki.
- Ichthyophthyroidism (semolina). Madontho oyera amawoneka pa thupi la auratus chifukwa cha majeremusi. Munthu yemwe ali ndi kachiromboka amadwala za kutalitali, amakhala ndi vuto. Kuchita bwino ndi mankhwala ochokera ku malo ogulitsa ziweto.
- Iridovirus. Imalowetsedwa m'madzi ndi nsomba zodwala, zoperekedwa pakati pa oimira amtundu womwewo. Kuchepetsa vuto.
- Chlorine ndi ammonia poyizoni. Madzi osasunthika amatha kukhala ndi chlorine wambiri, womwe umakhala wopanda nsomba. Mu aquarium yomwe sinakhalepo kwa nthawi yayitali, ammonia imayambitsa poyizoni. Limbikitsani aeration, sinthani madzi nthawi zambiri. Zowongolera madzi nthawi zambiri zimathandiza.
- Chifuwa chachikulu. Matenda owopsa omwe akuwoneka m'madzi omwe ali ndi kachilombo kachilombo. Tuberculosis mu cichlids imayendera limodzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa thupi, kuchepa kwa chilakolako chofuna kudya, kufooka kwa utoto ndi maso. Chithandizo cha Kanamycin chikuchitika koyambirira. 10 g chakudya kuwonjezera 10 mg ya mankhwala.
Mtengo wapakati umatengera kukula kwa auratus.
Kukula masentimita | Mtengo, pakani |
3–4 | 115 |
4–6 | 360 |
6–8 | 620 |
8–11 | 715 |
Ndemanga
Golide wotchedwa melanochromis amene wangopeza kumene amasintha msanga m'madzi. Otsatira m'madzi amakonda kuonera izi. Nsomba zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa komanso zizolowezi.
Kusiyana kwa ma gule ndi golide
Ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa golide wamkazi auratus melanochromis ndi wamwamuna, koma pokhapokha atakula.
Wamphongo amakhala ndi khungu lakuda lomwe lili ndi mikwingwirima yamtambo komanso yagolide, ndipo thupi lachikazi limakhala ndi mtundu wagolide wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Pazaka za miyezi 6-9, mtundu wa nsomba zamphongo wagalu ndi mkazi umayamba kusiyanasiyana. Ngati ana ndi akazi akakhala yemweyo chikaso chamtundu wakuda wamiyendo itatu (awiri pathupi ndi m'modzi kumapeto kwa dorsal), amunawo amadetsedwa ndikusagonja.
Pomaliza, mtundu wa golide wa auratus melanochromis umapangidwa ndi miyezi 11-12. Kutalika kwamunthu wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi pafupi 11-12 ndi 9-10 cm, motsatana.
Wamphongo wamwamuna auratus melanochromis amakhala ndi mimba yamdima, ndipo pambali pali mikwingwirima iwiri yachikasu: yayikulu komanso yopapatiza, ikuyenda limodzi, imayamba kuchokera kumaso ndikutha kumapeto kwa mtengo wa caudal.
Kuswana auratus melanochromis golide
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zamtundu wa golide zimakhala m'malo okhala ndi mwala pansi, m'nyumba yaikazi, momwe yamphongo imakhala ndi akazi angapo ndi gawo lake.
Mukatulutsa, yaimphongo ya auratus melanochromis imakhala utoto kwambiri, kumatsata wamkazi.
Mwana wamkazi wa golide wamkazi amayikira mazira 40, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatenga mkamwa mwake, ndipo yamphirayo imatulutsa manyowa. Mbuna yaikazi yagolide imasaka mazira kwa milungu itatu.
Ndipo akupitiliza kusamalira mwachangu atabadwa, akubisala mkamwa mwake pachiwopsezo. Zakudya zoyambira za mwachangu auratus melanochromis golide ndi naupilia artemia.
Malek amakula pang'onopang'ono, mpaka amakwana masentimita awiri m'miyezi itatu, ndipo amayamba kuderera pakati pa miyezi 6 ndi 9.