Cuckoo - Iyi ndi imodzi mwama mbalame odziwika kwambiri, okhala m'nkhalango, m'mapaki, omwe amabwera kudzaona minda. "Cockoo" wake ndiwosatheka kusokoneza mawu a nyama ndi mbalame. Chifukwa cha chizolowezi choponya mazira awo pachisa cha anthu ena, dzina lake lakhala dzina la kwawo. Ndipo mbalame yomweyo idayamba kale kukhala ngwazi ya zizindikiro zambiri.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
M'magulu amakono a nkhanu ngati mbalame, amapanga banja losiyana la cuckoo, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu 140 ya anthu. Kunja, mbalamezi ndizosiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake mu mtundu wake komanso kukula kwake. Zingwe zimasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina ndi yotalika masentimita 17 mpaka 20, ena amafika 70 cm.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Cuckoo Mbalame
Maonekedwe a nkhaka wamba amafanana ndi kambuku. Zofanana ndizofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa maula, mawonekedwe amutu ndi mawonekedwe ake othawa. Kufanana kumeneku kumathandiza nkhaka kukhala ndi moyo. Kukula kwa nkhakao ndikofanana ndi kukula kwa nkhunda. Kutalika kwa mbalameyo ndi pafupifupi 33cm, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 100-180 g. Mapikowo ali m'lifupi mwa masentimita 56-65. Mchirawo umakhala wozungulira, wotalika mokwanira, chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono kumathandizira mbalame kuti izitha kuyenda bwino m'matumba. Ziwawa ndi zazifupi, koma zamphamvu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri sizimawoneka mukakhala.
Chosangalatsa: Mapapu ali ndi mawonekedwe otchedwa zygodactyl. Zala ziwiri za cockoo zimatsogozedwa kutsogolo, ndipo ziwiri kumbuyo, ngati mitengo yamatabwa ndi mbalame zoyambira. Izi zimamupangitsa kuti azitha kukhalabe bwino panthambi, koma zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyenda pamtunda wopingasa.
Zowonjezera zamakoko ndizovuta. Amakhala ndi "thalauza" lalitali pamapazi awo. Amphaka amphongo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wakuda bii, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe otuwa, kumaso kumaso ndi timiyala tating'ono ta khosi komanso oyera ndi mikwingwirima yosenda pamimba ndi chifuwa.
Nthawi zambiri, cockoo wamba amakhala chete ndipo amakhala moyo wachinsinsi. Koma kumapeto kwa chilimwe, komanso gawo loyambirira la chilimwe, mbalame zamphongo zimachita phokoso kwambiri komanso zodziwika, kuyesera kukopa chidwi. Pakadali pano m'nkhalango komanso m'mapaki mutha kumva mawu akuti "cockoo," Mu nyengo yachete, liwu la mbalame limamveka bwino pamtunda wa makilomita awiri.
Kodi nkhakao imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Cuckoo m'chilengedwe
Mitundu yamitundu yonse yamakomabichi imafalikira konsekonse, kupatula ku Antarctica. Ikukhala pafupifupi nyengo zonse kuyambira m'nkhalango-tundra kufikira kumalo otentha. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitunduyi chimapezeka ku Eurasia ndi North America, ndipo makamaka kumadera otentha. Matchubu wamba amapezeka m'malo amtundu wakumpoto. Amakhala kwambiri ku Europe ndi Asia, kufalikira kuchokera ku Atlantic kupita ku Pacific Ocean ndipo amapezeka ngakhale ku zilumba za Kuril, Commander Islands, Japan ndi Peninsula ya Korea. Malire akumwera kumpoto kwa mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka wamba imagwirizana ndikugawa kwamitengo yamitengo.
Nthawi zambiri nkhaka wamba zimakhala mbalame zosamukira. M'malo oswana sakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa miyezi itatu kapena inayi chaka chonse. Mtunda wopita ku malo a chisanu kuchokera ku nesting cockoos ungafike makilomita 5,000,000.
Kwa nthawi yozizira, nthawi zambiri zimawulukira kumadera akum'mwera, monga:
A nkhaka wamba amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowola, nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'malo oterera, m'miyala yamtchire kapena m'nkhalango za m'nkhalango. Nkhalango za Taiga ndi coniferous zimapetsedwa nkhaka. Ku Central Asia, m'malo omwe kuli mitengo yambiri yamitengo, amatha kukhazikika m'malo otetezeka ngati kuli mitengo kapena zitsamba zapafupi.
Kodi nkhaka ikudya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Russian cuckoo
Cuckoos amawonedwa ngati omnivores. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka mwa mbalamezi, koma zimaphatikizaponso zakudya zam'mera, monga zipatso kapena mphukira zazing'ono.
Chakudya Chokoma cha Cuckoo:
Cuckoos amafunitsitsa kudya mbozi zambiri zapoizoni ndi zamtundu womwe mbalame zina zimawopa kudya. Nthawi zina amadya abuluzi ang'onoang'ono ndipo ngakhale amadya mazira a mbalame. Nthawi zambiri nyama imadyedwa kuchokera pansi kapena nthambi, nthawi zambiri tizilombo sigwidwa pa ntchentche.
Ngakhale mbalame ndizocheperako, ndizabwino kwambiri. Izi zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kudziunjikira kwamafuta amkati, omwe amafunikira maulendo ataliatali nthawi yozizira. Kulakalaka kwa cuckoos kumachepera kokha pakukhwima, pomwe mphamvu zonse komanso chisamaliro chimadzipereka kupeza banja. Gluttony imadziwikanso ndi anapiye a cockoo, omwe amakula komanso kukula msanga kuposa anapiye a mbalame zina zonse.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mu ola limodzi, mbalame imodzi yachikulire imatha kudya mbozi pafupifupi 100. Ndipo avareji ya tsiku ndi tsiku osachepera 1,500 mbozi.
Amakhulupirira kuti kuwonongeka kwa nkhaka zazingwe zambiri ndizofunikira kwambiri kuteteza zachilengedwe komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino. Chifukwa chake, ma cockoos si mbalame zovulaza, koma zothandiza, ngakhale ndizachilendo kukula kwa anapiye awo.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Kutalika kwa moyo wa munthu wamba wamba amachokera zaka 9 mpaka 11. Cuckoos ndi mbalame zobisika komanso zowoneka bwino ndipo amayesera kukhala ndi moyo wabata. Khwangwala wakhalidwe limamveka pokhapokha nyengo yakukhwima mpaka pakati pa kasupe mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Sangosiyira mwayi wochita zinthu zofunika, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuzidziwa.
Khalidwe limakhala masana, nthawi yonse yomwe mbalame imatanganidwa ndikudya. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka matako, nkhambako siziisintha pansi, ngati itatsikira nyama, pomwepo imawuluka ndikuyamba kudya kachiromboka kapena buluzi pa nthambi ya mtengo wapafupi. Chifukwa cha izi, nkhomaliro satsala pang'ono kusiya pansi.
Mbalame sizimanga kapena kumanga zisa zawo. Matambala a nkhaka wamba ndi amodzi mwa majeremusi otukuka kwambiri. Samatulutsa anapiye, ndipo amaponya mazira awo pachisa cha anthu ena. Zotsatira zake, mbalame zakunja kwina zimakhala ngati odyera ndi ophunzitsa anapiye a cockoo.
Chosangalatsa: Chisinthiko chachititsa kuti nkhaka ikhoze kuyikira mazira, kubwereza kwathunthu mtundu wa mazira a mbalamezo zomwe zisalemo. Pawonetsero ina, mazira pafupifupi chikko zana amitundu yosiyanasiyana adawonetsedwa kuchokera oyera, osawoneka bwino mpaka amtambo wonyezimira.
Kuyika dzira pachisa cha munthu wina kumangotenga masekondi ochepa. Izi zisanachitike, nkhanu yamphongo ikhoza kuzungulira pamwamba pa chisa, posonyeza chimphona. Kutenga mwayi kuti eni akewo atsiye chisa cha nthawi ino, mkaziyo amamuwukira ndikumuikira dzira. Nthawi zina nkhaka zimayika mazira m'maenje, ndipo mbalame ikaleka kuuluka, imayikira dzira pafupi, kenako ndikupereka m'dzenjeyo ndi mulomo.
Cuckoo kulira.
Nthawi zambiri nkhaka zimachita phokoso nthawi yakukhwima. M'madera otentha, amatha kumveka kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe. M'matckoo wamba, "cuckoo" wamba kapena "cuckoo" ndi amuna.
Asanakhazikike, komwe kumamveka kwambiri komanso kumveka patali, abambo amatha phokoso laling'ono, lofanana ndi kuseka: "haha ha ha." Mbalame zimatha kuphika kwa nthawi yayitali, mpaka nthawi 60 mzere. Mawu aakazi akumveka mosangalatsa: "ke-ke-ke", "Kli-Kli-Kli", "Bil-bil-bil".
Kunja kwa nyengo yakukhwima, mbalamezi zili chete. Phokoso limasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka: mwachitsanzo, wogontha wamkhutu amatcha "bu-bu-bu-bu" kapena "chita chochita", kulira kwa koel kumveka ngati "coel", mphutsi zimafuula "ani-ani", ndi zina. d.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Cuckoo wamng'ono
Matchubu achilendo amakhala okha komanso amitala. Samasonkhana zoweta, ndipo awiriawiri amapangika nyengo imodzi yokha. Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, miyambo yolumikizana ya mbalamezi imadzaza ndi chikondi. Nthawi zambiri, yamphongo imazungulira mchira wake ngati fan ndipo imayitana chachikazi. Mutu wake woweramitsidwa ndi mapiko ake ndi zizindikiro zokuzindikiritsa komanso kukopa. Wamphongo amatha kubweretsanso nthambi kapena tsinde ngati mphatso, yosonyeza kuti akuwayang'anira. Kuberekanso kumachitika kuyambira pakati pa kasupe mpaka pakati pa chilimwe.
Cuckoos nthawi zambiri alibe gawo lokhalamo anthu. Pa tsamba lomweli, mutha kukumana ndi akazi amodzi ndi amuna angapo, motsatana. Malo okhala zisa zitha kuonedwa kuti ndi malo omwe wachikazi wamkazi akufufuza zisa zoyenera za winawake kuti aziyika mazira ake, umodzi uliwonse. Koma nthawi zina zazikazi ziwiri zimakumana pamalo amodzi. Potere, zimagwirana ndi mbalame za mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi yotsika mazira wamba a cockoo ndi 11, nthawi zambiri masiku 12. Chifukwa chake, nkhaka imabadwa abale ake asanafike ndipo imapeza mwayi wowonjezera pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi makolo omwe akulera okha ana.
Masiku anayi oyamba, mchitidwe wa mwana wankhuku umalimbana ndikuwotchera mazira ena onse ndikuwakhwatula anapiye. Cockoo kakang'ono kamakhala pansi pa mwana wankhuku kena, kenako ndikubwerera m'mphepete mwa chisa, pomwe amawongoka kwambiri kotero kuti wogwidwayo akutsika. Amachita mwachibadwa, ndipo, patatha masiku anayi, chibadwidwecho chimazimiririka.
Kudziyimira pawokha kwa nkhakoo kumayambira patatha masiku 40 ataswa, pomwe mankhwalawo amapangika bwino kwambiri mbalame. Mpaka nthawi iyi, mwana wankhuku amadya makolo omulera. Kudyetsa kumachitika mosalekeza, ngakhale nkhaka itakula kuposa mbalame zomwe zimadyetsa. A cuckoo amatha kuchoka chisa ngakhale atatha masiku 20, koma chifukwa choti amalira mikhalidwe yolira popempha chakudya, makolo omwe akulera ngakhale atatha kumudyetsa.
Kodi nkhakao imakhala kuti?
Kukhazikika kwa nkhaka kumakhala kondere zonse, kupatula ku Arctic ndi Antarctic. Mbalame zimapezeka ku Asia, Africa, Russia, North ndi South America, komanso Australia. Amakonda kwambiri nkhalango ndi mapiri a mayiko aku Europe ndipo amalanda gawo lakumwera kwa tundra.
A Cuckoos omwe amakhala ku Europe komanso kumpoto kwa Asia ndiosamuka. Zambiri mwa mitundu yonseyi zimakhala kum'mwera otentha akum'mwera. Kuno mbalame zimakhala moyo wokhazikika.
Cuckoos amakhala m'mabango, zitsamba, zomera zamitengo, mitundu ina imakhala ndi chisa pansi. Malo okhala ma cockoos amachokera ku madera otsika ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikufika kumapiri ataliatali, pomwe kuchuluka kwa mbalame kuchokera kubanja lodutsa kumatsika ndipo, motero, kuchuluka kwa ma cockoos kumatsika.
Adani achilengedwe a cuckoos
Anthu akuluakulu ali ndi adani ochepa kwambiri, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa kuthawa kwa mtundu wamba wa cuckoo komanso kufanana kwawo ndi mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa.
Kawirikawiri komanso nthawi zina, mtundu wa nkhaka ukhoza kugwidwa ndi:
- Achinyamata
- imvi
- wand
- ma shikesi,
- mbalame zina.
Ziwopsezo zimachitika makamaka pa anapiye omwe achoka kumene zisa za makolo awo omulera, chifukwa cha izi sanapeze chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kutha kwa kuthawa.
Zinyama zachilengedwe monga nkhandwe, martens, weasel ndi amphaka zingakhalenso zowopsa kwambiri kwa mbalame. Koma cuckoos imagwera m'matumbo awo kawirikawiri, chifukwa chophweka kuti sayesa kuyandikira padziko lapansi konse, ndipo ngati agwa, ndiye kuti angaukire wovulaza, kusankha komwe kumachitika mosamala.
Zowononga zamtchire monga akhwangwala ndi ma jay'yo ndizowopsa kwa nkhaka ndi mazira. Ngakhale kuti ma cockoos samamanga zisa zawo konse, koma amaikira mazira mwa alendo, zisa zachilendo sizowonongeka nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake, anapiye omwe amapezeka m'matumbo amatha kuphedwa, ndipo mazira amathanso kudyedwa ndi nyama yomwe imadyera chisa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Cuckoo Mbalame
Cockoo wamba ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodetsa nkhawa kwambiri. Mtundu wake ndiwowonjezera. Ku Europe lero kuli pafupifupi awiri miliyoni. Pachifukwa ichi, mbalame sizitetezedwa, ndipo palibe njira zowonjezereka zomwe zikuchitidwa kuti zikuchulukitse anthu.
Chochititsa chidwi: Nyengo, nkhaka ikhoza kuyikira mazira 20. Mwana aliyense wakhanda wachisanu amakhala ndi moyo atakula.
Kusadzitchinjiriza, kulimba thupi, kuchuluka kwamadongosolo osiyanasiyana komanso kusapezeka kwa adani ofunikira kumathandiza kuti ma cockoos apulumuke. Zimathandizanso kuti ma cockoos amatha kudya mbozi zakupha, zomwe zimanyalanyazidwa ndi mbalame zina, kotero ngakhale m'nthawi zovuta sizimawopa mpikisano wa interspecific.
Komabe, kumadera ena kuchuluka kwa ma cockoos wamba kumatsikanso, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi chitukuko chakumizinda komanso kuchepa kwa mitengo yamitengo. Ndiye kuti, chifukwa chakuchepetsa ndikutha kwa malo okhala mbalame zachilengedwe. Mu 2001, mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Red Book of Moscow, m'gawo lachiwiri, ngati mtundu wokhala ndi anthu ochepa. Masiku ano, palibe kusintha kwakukulu mu mtundu wamtunduwu, kaya kumtunda kapena pansi, kuyerekezera ndi nthawi ya 1990-2000.
Chitetezo cha Cuckoo
Chithunzi: Cuckoo kuchokera ku Red Book
Pa gawo la Moscow, pafupifupi nkhalango zonse komwe kuwereketsa nkhaka zidadziwika kuti ndi malo otetezedwa mwachilengedwe, kapena malo awa akhala gawo limodzi lofananako.
Zadziwika kuti vuto lalikulu lomwe likukhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba wamba ndi kudzipatula kwa malo achilengedwe komanso owoneka ndi malo ambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chitukuko chakumatauni komanso chifukwa chowonjezeka mashopu ake. Chifukwa chake, pakati pa njira zazikulu zakukonzedwera kuti chilengedwe chikhale bwino, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwongolera machitidwe a nkhaka komanso anthu ang'onoang'ono opezeka m'mapaki amumizinda, malo obiriwira komanso malamba amitengo.
Cuckoo ndi chinthu choyenera kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri, makamaka m'chigawo cha Moscow. Kuphatikiza apo, zadziwika kuti gawo lofunikira pakukonzanso ndikumanganso malo achilengedwe ndi malo osungirako malo osungirako zinyama ndikutsatira zofunikira pakusunga zakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana - nyama zolengedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zakonzedweranso kukhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kumangidwanso kwa nkhalango ndi kuwongolera kapangidwe kake kapangidwe kake, komanso kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu apadera obwezeretsa magulu achilengedwe m'midzi yabwino ya mu mzindawu komanso m'chigawochi.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhaka.
Amakhulupirira kuti nkhaka imakhala zaka pafupifupi 5 mpaka 10. Koma pali zochitika zina pomwe anthu ena adapulumuka zaka 35 mpaka 40. Lotsatira ndi kufotokoza kwa mitundu ingapo ya nkhaka kuchokera ku banja la Cuculidae.
- Cackoo wamba(lat.Cuculus koloni - nyama yofala yomwe imakhala ku Russia (kuyambira ku Urals kupita ku Kamchatka kummawa ndi malire a tundra kumpoto), ku Europe (kulikonse, kupatula kumpoto kwenikweni), ku Asia (ku Turkey, Caucasus, China, Korea, Japan, nthawi zina ku Central Asia). Matchubu wamba ndi mbalame zosamukira. Iwo nthawi yozizira ku Central ndi South Africa, ku South Arabia, South Asia, akufika ku Australia. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumafika masentimita 33 mpaka 40. Kutalika kwa mapiko a akazi kumasiyana 20 mpaka 23 cm, mwa amuna - kuchokera pa 21,5 mpaka 25 cm. Mchirawo ndi wautali - 15-19 cm, wozungulira, sitepe. Mlomo - 1.6 - 2.4 masentimita. Matchubu wamba amalemera kuchokera ku 80 mpaka 120 g. Mitundu ya mankhwalawa amuna ndi akazi, komanso achinyamata, akulu ndi achikulire omwe. Amuna amapakidwa utoto wa imvi, wokhala ndi mbewa yoyera kapena yopepuka, pomwe pali mikwingwirima yopingasa. Akazi achikulire amakhala ndi utoto womwewo, koma amakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Mwa akazi achichepere, ma toni ofiira okongola amakhala amitundu yayitali, mikwingwirima yakuda kapena yofiyira imakhalapo pamimba, pakhosi komanso mkatikati, ndipo mikwingwirima yodontha imatha kuwoneka kumbuyo ndi kumapiko. Mphepete mwa matope ndi maso a anthu onse ndi achikasu. Achichepere okha - abulauni, ndi akazi ofiira - nati.Matchubu wamba kuyambira nthawi yozizira amabwerera kumayambiriro komanso kuchokera kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi ayamba kubereka. Matako awa ndi majeremusi monga nesting. Mpaka pakati pa Julayi, zazikazi zimagona mazira 20 mpaka pakadutsa masiku 1-3. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi, mbalame zimayamba kuwuluka nthawi yozizira. Pakutha kwa Seputembala, nkhaka zotsiriza zimawulukira kumwera. Matchubu wamba amakonda kuvulaza, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe mazira ake amaponyera mazira. Koma mapindu omwe amabwera ndi ochulukirapo. Kudya nyama zambiri zamtundu waubweya, amapulumutsa nkhalango kwa mdani woopsa uyu.
- Cockoo kakang'ono(lat.Cuculus poliocephalus - mtundu womwe umakhala kumwera kwa Primorye ku Russia ndi ku Asia: ku Himalayas (kuchokera kumalire ndi Afghanistan kupita kumpoto kwa Myanmar), kumpoto kwa China, ku Korea, kumpoto kwa Japan. Zisanu zazing'ono za cockoos kumwera kwa China, India, kudera la Indochina. Ma subspecies ena amapezeka ku Madagascar, Sunda Islands, ndi South Africa. M'mawonekedwe ndi mtundu, kakambuyo kakang'ono kamafanana ndi kaciko wamba, koma kamasiyana pang'ono pang'ono: mapiko a 15-17.1 cm, mchira 13-14.9 cm, metatarsus 1.7-1.9 cm, mlomo 1.7- Masentimita 1.9. Achinyamata a kakang'ono kakang'ono kameneka amasiyana ndi ana wamba a nkhakoo mwa kuyera timiyala tating'onoting'ono ta nthenga zakunja ndi mtundu wawung'ono wakuda. Maso a mbalame zazing'ono ndi zachikale. Little Cuckoo amalira mokweza mawu asanu kapena sikisi, kumveka ngati "pee, pee-pee-ju."
- Cuckoo wachikasu woyamwa(latCoccyzus americanusImatchulidwa chifukwa cha kupaka utoto wachikaso chovomerezeka ndi mlomo wowonda, wopindika, komanso chifukwa cha malo okhala. Mtunduwu umakhala zisa ku North America, ndipo nyengo yam'mwera ku South. Kukula kwa thupi la mbalame yokongola ndi yaying'ono, koma mchira ndi wautali. Pamwambapa, cockoo amapaka utoto wonyezimira komanso wonyewa wamkuwa, pamimba ndi kumangirira mchira kumakhala koyera. Matambala amenewa amatha kuponyera mazira mu zisa za anthu ena, koma amadzikwatula mazira okha. Nthawi yomangamanga imakulitsidwa kwambiri. Chisa chitha kukhala ndi mazira ndi anapiye omwe adayamba kale kuthawa. Mwathunthu, nkhakayi imayikira mazira 10 pachisa, chomwe amadzipangira okha. Cockoo wokhala ndi chikasu chimadumphadumpha chimodzimodzi ndi mtundu wamba wa cockoo, wokhazikika. Mokulira, mbalameyi imabisala kwambiri. Amakonda kupereka mawu mvula isanabwere, pomwe adalandira dzina la mbalame yamvula.
- California zoumba nkhaka (Kalifornian akusewera cockoo, California chomera nkhaka)(lat.Geococcyx californianus- Iyi ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri, yotalika masentimita 60. Ili ndi mchira waukulu komanso miyendo yayitali kwambiri, koma mapiko ochepa komanso opanda mphamvu. Psyllium cuckoo ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso amitundu yakuda. Msana wake ndi wofiirira wokhala ndi mawanga oyera ofiira, m'mimba ndikuyera, ndipo mbali yakumbuyo yakuda ndi yakuda komanso yopindika. Mutu wa mbalame umakongoletsedwa ndi crest wofatsa. Khungu lopanda nkhope yake ndi la buluu wakuda, koma khungu la lalanje kumbuyo kwake likuwoneka bwino. Mlomo wawukulu ndi wofanana ndi kutalika kwa mutu wa mbalame. Plantain cockoo amakhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico, m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri: m'nkhokwe zamapiri pamtsetse wamapiri komanso kumapiri. Imawuluka mosavutikira komanso kawirikawiri, koma imathamanga bwino, ndikupanga kuthamanga mpaka 42 km / h. Amakhala nthawi yayitali ku nkhuku, padziko lapansi. Pano akudzifunafuna yekha chakudya - tizilombo, tating'ono tating'ono (abuluzi, mbewa, ndi zina). Pakati pa zitsamba pansi, kachungako-kamene amapanga chisa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi ndi masamba a udzu popanga. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 3-9 amtundu woyera, ndikuwathandizira ndi yamphongoyo.
- Gigantic Cuckoo (latScythrops novaehollandiae - Iyi ndi nkhokwe yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndi mbozi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mbalameyi imakhala ku Australia, kuzilumba zina za Indonesia, ku New Guinea ndi zilumba zapafupi za Pacific. Kutalika kwa thupi la nkhaka yayikulu kwambiri kufika mpaka masentimita 66, ndipo mbalameyo imalemera mpaka 930. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndi mlomo wake waukulu, wopindika. Mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi wautali, monga mamembala onse am'banja. Zowonjezera zake zimakhala imvi: kuchokera phulusa ndi imvi zakuda kumbuyo ndi mapiko kuyeretsa imvi pamimba, pachifuwa ndi m'mbali. Malekezero a mapiko ndi akuda, pansi pa mchira ndi mbali mu milozo yakuda yopingasa. Khungu lozungulira maso limakhala lamaliseche, lofiirira kapena lofiirira. Mlomo wa imvi m'munsi komanso wopepuka kumapeto. Maso mwa achinyamata ndi a bulauni, akuluakulu - ofiira. Ma guchi amitundu ikuluikulu amakhala ndi moyo wosamukasamuka. Amakhala mumitengo ing'onoing'ono, m'mphepete mwa mapiri ndi kunja kwa nkhalango (kumene ma eucalyptus, nkhuyu zimamera), m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amphaka akuluakulu amtundu wamkati amadya zipatso zosiyanasiyana (nkhuyu, mistletoe, mabulosi), tizilombo (agulugufe, kafadala, ziwala, timitengo), mazira ndi anapiye ongobadwa kumene, komanso zovunda. Mazira amayikidwa makamaka mu zisa za mbalame zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku banja la corvidae (muzaron, wakubazaife, ma jackdaws), komanso ngati kokole kolala ndi miyala yaku Australia. Liwu la nkhokwe yayikulu limamveka ngati "cuckoo" lotsatiridwa ndi mluzu wa nthawi yayitali komanso wofulumira kapena "Klu Klu Klu"
- Cefkoo Wofiyira-YofiyiralatCarpococcyx renauldi - Maganizo owongolera moyo wokhalitsa padziko lapansi. Malo omwe amakhala ndi chilumba cha Indochina (Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos). Ma cockoos omwe amaoneka ofiira. Zabwino zonse pamitengo ndi pansi. Amadyetsa tating'onoting'ono tating'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi la nkhakayo ndi masentimita 68. Zowonjezera zake ndizosalala. Khosi ndi mchira wake ndi zakuda. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndi zofiirira. Maso ake ndi achikaso. Nthenga kuzungulira maso ndimtambo ndipo khungu limakhala lofiirira.
- Coel (Coel)(lat.Eudynamys scolopaceus - Cuckoo yemwe amakhala ku Asia - Kumwera chakum'mawa, India ndi China, komanso ku Australia. Ili lidatchedwa mayina chifukwa cha mawu omwe amnyamatawa adapanga: "ko-her, ko-spruce". Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mchira wautali kwambiri, womwe umakhala pafupifupi theka kutalika kwa thupi, womwe umakhala pafupifupi masentimita 42. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi utoto wowala, koma amasiyana. Amuna ndi abuluu wakuda ndi tint yobiriwira, zazikazi zimakhala zofiirira zamtambo zoyera. Ma coel amatsogolera moyo wobisalira, amapezeka pazikongoletso za mitengo yayitali, ndipo akakhala pachiwopsezo, amabisala pakati masamba. Zakudya za mbalamezi zimakhala pafupifupi zipatso ndi zipatso zomwe amadya m'nkhalango kapena m'minda. Izi zikuphatikiza nkhuyu, jujube, mabulosi, papaya, guava, capers, tamarind, ndi zina. Tizilombo, mazira a mbalame ndi nkhono amapanga gawo laling'ono la zakudya. Ma coels amakhala ndi ma cockoos omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi nesting parasitism. Mazira okhala ndi mtundu wa pinki-lalanje ndipo wokutidwa ndi madontho ndi ubweya wofiyira, ma coels amaponyedwa zisa za mbalame zazing'ono, monga Orioles.
- Pheasant Spur Cuckoo(lat.Centropus phasianinus - Woimira mtundu wa Spur cuckoos, wokhala kumadzulo kwa Indonesia, Australia, ku Papua New Guinea. Madzi okhala m'nkhalango zopanda dothi komanso louma m'malo otali, udzu wandiweyani. Mbalame yayikuluyi imatalika masentimita 70 ndipo imakhala ndi mchira wautali. Mtundu wa maula ndi wa bulauni. Spur cuckoos sakhala mgulu la nyemba, pomwe yamphongo imagwira nawo ntchito kuwaswa mazira ndi kudyetsa anapiye. Mbalame zimakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi wapadziko lapansi, ngakhale zimadziwa kuuluka. Amadyetsa tizilombo, mazira a mbalame zina, makoswe ang'ono, abuluzi, amphibians, anapiye, nkhanu.
- Guira (guira) (lat.Guira guira- Cuckoo waku South America, yemwe amapezeka kumwera kwa mapiri a Amazonia komanso kum'mawa kwa Andes. Imapezeka kumayiko monga Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi kukula kwake (masentimita 35 mpaka 40), imakhala pamitengo italiitali, imadzipangira zisa ndi kusaka anapiye. Zowonjezera za guira zili ndi mtundu waimvi. Mlomo ndi wachikasu kumapeto ndi lalanje kumapeto. Pamutu pa achikulire pali crest.
- A Furrow-wotsatsa Ani (lat.Crotophaga sulcirostris - mbalame kuchokera kubanja la cuckoo, omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa South America ndi zilumba za ku Caribbean. Dzinali limawonetsa zizindikilo zakunja: ma gulo omwe amayenda ndi mulomo wokhota wopindika, ndipo mawu opangidwa ndi mbalame - "ani-ani". Mafuta ogwidwa ndi Furrow amadya tizilombo, nyongolotsi, ndikugwira nsomba m'magombe. Zakudya za mbewu zimaphatikizidwanso muzakudya zawo. Kutalika kwake, amafika masentimita 33 ndi kulemera kwa 70-80 g. Mafuta a munthu amene ali ndi mzere wakuda ndi wakuda, wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Mchirawo ndi wakuda, wautali, komanso wonyezimira bwino. Maso ndi miyendo imvi. A nkhaka amenewa amasiyana chifukwa amamanga zisa limodzi, kuwaswa anapiye ndikuwasamalira pamodzi. Chisa cha munthu wokhala ndi mzerewo ndi mbale yokhala ndi masamba, yomwe ili pafupi ndi thunthu la mtengo kutalika kwa kukula kwa anthu ndipo limapuma panthambi za mbali. Mu kapangidwe kokhala ngati uta chotere, mumatha kukhala mazira 15 mpaka 50. Ani amauluka pang'ono komanso moipa, kwinaku akuyenda pansi m'malo modekha. Mbalame zimakonda malo otseguka, kubisala m'nkhalango kokha mvula. Atazindikira kuopsa, amabisala m'nkhalango zamtchire.
Kubala nkhaka.
Ma cockoos onse amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu:
- Polygamous cuckoos, omwe amadziwika ndi nesting parasitism. Mbalamezi sizimamanga zisa, ndipo zimayikira mazira nthawi yomweyo zisa za ena kapena kuzitaya. Kwenikweni, mitundu yotere imakhala ku Eurasia ndi Africa.
- Monogamous cuckoos omwe amapanga awiriawiri, palimodzi akumanga zisa zawo ndikudyetsa ana awo. Mitundu yotere imakhala ku America.
- Mitundu yosinthira yamawoko.
- Zina mwa izo zimatha kupangira anapiye ake, koma nthawi yomweyo zimatha kuponyera izo kwa mbalame zina (mwachitsanzo, Coccyzus erythrophthalmus ndi Coccyzus americanus), kuphatikiza mitundu ina ya cockoos (mwachitsanzo, guyra ndi ani mphutsi).
- Mitundu ina yomwe imadyetsa ana, koma imakhala zisa za anthu ena.
- Enanso amaponyera anapiye awo m'ma zisa za anthu ena, koma nthawi yomweyo amadyetsa ana awo, kuthandiza anawo (mwachitsanzo, Coccyzus melanocoryphus).
Pa nyengo yakukhwima, nkhaka zamphongo zimakopa akazi ndi kulira. Matenga amapezeka pam mfundo kapena nthambi, komanso mitundu ina pansi. Masewera a mating amaphatikizidwa ndi phokoso, "giggging", kulira kobwereza.
Panyengo yotentha, nkhaka imatha kuyikira mazira 25. Cuckoos amakonda chisa parasitism, amene kulemera kwake kumafikira 100 g, amanyamula mazira ofanana ndi mazira a mbalame omwe amakhala ndi kulemera kochepa: mpheta, ngolo, ma warble, zina. Mitundu ina, m'malo mwake, imanyamula mazira akuluakulu kuti ikayike ku matsenga kapena akhwangwala. .
Mitundu ya mazira a cuckoo imatha kukhala monophonic ndi motley, bulauni, yoyera, yabuluu, yobiriwira, etc. Zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mtundu wa mazira omwe amayikidwa ndi eni chisa.
Mazira a Cuckoo amatha kupezeka zisa za mabango, zoryanka, ngolo zoyera, redstart, warblers, curls, nightingales, warblers, shrikes, wrens, skates, flycatchers, woodpeckers, marge, agpies, akhwangwala ndi mbalame zina zambiri. Chiwerengero cha mitundu yawo chimafika mpaka 150. Ma cockoos ambiri amamera pamtundu umodzi wa mbalame.
Kuyika dzira mu chisa cha munthu wina kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Kwa izi, cuckoo ali ndi njira zake. Nthawi zina amasamala kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhala pamtengo wamtali ndikudziwa komwe mbalame zimapanga chisa.
Kuti asokoneze omwe akubwera kuchokera pachisa kapena kuwathamangitsa, cockoo amatha kunamizira ngati mbalame yodyera, tuvik kapena kambuku, chifukwa imawakumbutsa mtundu wake ndi mtundu wa kuthawa. Kuyika dzira lake kwa alendo, nkhakayo imaponyera dzira limodzi kunja kwake ndikusintha ina ndi yake. Amathanso kuponya mazira onse oswedwa muchisa cha winawake, ndikupangitsa kuti mbalame ziziyenda mwachangu, kenako ndikuponya dzira lake m'makola atsopano.
Khungwe laling'ono la dzira limayamba kukula mwachangu kapena nthawi imodzimodziyo ndi mazira a mazira. Nthawi ya chitukuko ndi masiku 11-15. Anapiye a Cuckoo amabadwa ali amaliseche, akhungu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafanana kwambiri ndi anapiye, onse mawonekedwe ndi mawu.
Ndiye chifukwa chake mbalame zomwe zimakhala nazo sizingasiyanitse ana awo ndi zina. Achinyamata obadwa kumene ali ndi zaka zochepa chabe amataya chilichonse kuchokera pachisa chomwe chili, monga: anapiye kapena mazira a eni chisa. Amachita izi mothandizidwa ndi chibadwa chathu, kapena kuti Reflex.
Kumbuyo kwawo kuli papillae wapadera kwambiri, akakhudzidwa, nkhakayo imatenga malo momwe iye angakwaniritsire kutaya zinthu kuchokera pachisa chomwe chimalemera kawiri. Patatha masiku anayi, chibadwidwechi chimazimiririka.
Koma ngakhale cuckoo sanakwanitse kuthana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo panthawiyi, ndiye kuti sangakhalebe ndi moyo, popeza mwana wankhuku amakola zakudya zonse zomwe makolo ake omulera abweretse. Ngakhale mbalame youluka imatha kudyetsa nkhaka: imakopeka kwambiri ndi kukongola kwa lalanje pakamwa pake.
M'mitundu ina ya nkhakao, anapiyewo sataya ana awo opeza, koma amawapondaponda kapena kuwalanda chakudya. Mitundu ina, ma cockoos ndi anapiye omwe amakhala ndi omwe amakula nthawi yomweyo ndikuchoka chisa. Pakadutsa milungu itatu kuchokera pamene mazira akukoka, nkhaka zimatha kutuluka, kudumphira nthambi kapena nthambi.
M'matchubu osakhala amawu, makolo onsewa amalowerera masabata atatu. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu isanu, nkhaka zimayamba kubwereranso kunthambi kupita panthambi.
Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani nkhaka imabayira mazira mu zisa za anthu ena?
Nthawi imodzi, nkhaka imayikira dzira limodzi, ndikubwera pambuyo pokhapokha kwakanthawi. Akadakhala kuti adzimenya yekha, ndiye kuti azikhala chisa chonse chilimwe. Palibe chovuta kulingalira kuti anapiye azaka zosiyanasiyana amakhala limodzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yotentha, tiziromboka timatulutsa mazira 10 mpaka 25. Kudyetsa ana ambiri akuluakulu ndi osusuka sikungatheke kwa mbalame, chifukwa chake amaponyera mazira m'malo zanthu ena.
Dera
Chikomo cha California chadothi, chomwe tikambirane lero, chimakhala ku North ndi Central America. Mbalame yachilendoyi imakhala ku Mexico, komanso kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa United States.
Kwa moyo wonse, matope a dothi amasankha chipululu, chouma, chamiyala, chokhala ndi udzu wobiriwira, zitsamba zazing'ono, cacti, kapena nkhalango zazing'ono zamitengo yopanda, nkhalango zam'mphepete. Kusowa kwa madzi okwanira m'malo oterewa si vuto kwa dothi loumbika. Thupi lake limagwirizana ndikuchotsa mchere.
Moyo
Dothi loumbika limakhala moyo wokhalitsa m'deralo, pomwe alendo onse osaphunzitsidwa amathamangitsidwa. Komanso, kulimba mtima kwa mbalame yodabwitsayi sikutenga. Komabe, amatha kusintha malo okhala, ngati pakufunika kutero. Masana, nkhokwe zadothi zimasaka nyama, ndipo usiku zimapumula, zikakhazikika panthambi za mitengo yopanda maziko kapena zitsamba.
Chochititsa chidwi, mbalame yachilendoyi idasinthiratu usiku wozizira kumapeto. Kutentha kwa thupi lake kumatsika mpaka madigiri 4. Njira zam'moyo zimayendetsa pang'onopang'ono, mphamvu zochepa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo m'mawa, nkhono zadothi zimatenga dzuwa, ndikutambasula mapiko ake ndi nthenga pakhosi lake ndi kumbuyo kwake. Mwanjira imeneyi, amachiritsa thupi lake padzuwa.
Zakudya
Yakwana nthawi yoti mulankhule zambiri za zakudya za mbalame zachilendozi. Zoonadi, monga tanena kale, dothi loumbika ndi lokonzeka kudya chilichonse chomwe limakumana nacho m'njira. Ndi wosusuka kwambiri. Ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti zopangazo sizingameze zonse nthawi imodzi. Nthaka yodothi ikumeza momwe ingathere, mwachitsanzo, mchira wa njoka udzasunthika kuchokera pakamwa pake poyembekeza kumasula malo m'mimba ya cuckoo.
Glutton nayenso adzachita bizinesi yake modekha. Mbuna yamatope imasaka usana ndi usiku mosalekeza ikumayenda m'njira zamtchire ndikuyang'ana mosamala nyama. Koma nyama zodabwitsazi zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Izi ndi tizilombo, nthawi zina zokulirapo, kuphatikiza akangaude owopsa ndi zinkhanira, ndi nkhono, ndi makoswe, ndi mbalame zazing'ono, abuluzi, ndi njoka zazing'ono, kuphatikiza khwangwala.
Kuwona tizilombo tokhala pamitengo yamtchire, khunyu ladothi limatha kudumphira kumtunda wabwino ndikukhalanso wogwidwa. Amadya nkhono zomwe zimathyola kumira ndi mulomo wake wolimba.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zigamba za nkhono za nkhono zili malo amodzi. Kuchokera pamazipolopolo awa, mutha kudziwa kuti mbalame yachilendoyi imakhala pafupi.
Amayesera kupha zokwawa ndi makoswe ndi kumenyekera kamodzi kwa mkamwa mwamphamvu m'mutu.
Inde, mlomo wa dothi loumbika umatha kudula chigaza cha buluzi, mwachitsanzo. Koma kusaka kwa mbalame zachilendozi za rattlesnakes kuyenera chisamaliro chapadera. Njira yake ndiyachilendo. Ataona njoka, mbatata ya dothi imadumphira pamenepo ndikuyamba kuvina kwachilendo, pokumbukira kusuntha kwa matador pomenya nkhondo ndi ng'ombe. Amatambasulira mapiko ake ndi ma batchi ake, ndikusunthira mbali, kulepheretsa njoka yaululuyo kuti isalunjike ndi kuluma.
Atagwira pompopompo, nkhosayo imagwira njokayo ndi mulomo wake ndikumenya ndi chikwapu, ngati chikwapu, pansi kapena miyala, ndikumenya mutu wa womenyedwayo. Ndipo pokhapokha mwamphamvu imameza njoka yonseyo, osadandaula konse ndi poyizoni. Kanema wachidule wosonyeza mawonekedwe a mbalame zachilendozi akuwoneka pano.
Pomaliza
Dothi lamatope ndi mbalame yosazolowereka, yolemekezedwa ndi anthu amderali chifukwa cha luso lake. Amadziwika kuti ali ndi zinthu zambiri zachilendo. Iyi ndi mbalame yopanda mantha komanso yamphamvu, osawopa ngakhale adani amphamvu. Anthu am'deralo amadya nyama yamtundu wa cuckoo, akukhulupirira kuti adzapatsidwanso kukana kwake kuzovuta zosiyanasiyana ziphezi. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati cockoo adadutsa msewu wanu, ndiye kuti tsiku lidzakhala lopambana komanso lochita bwino.
Mbalame yachilendoyi imawonetsedwa pamakhosi amfumu ya New Mexico, USA. Pano pali, dothi loumbika, mbalame ikuphwanya mbendera, mosiyana ndi abale ake. Mbalame yokhala ndi luso lodabwitsa kotero kuti munthu amangodabwa kuti kulimba kwachilengedwe kwathandiza bwanji nzika zake kukhala ndi maluso osiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Olemba akale ndiomwe anali oyamba kutsimikizira kufanana kwa mawonekedwe akunja a nkhakoo ndi kambuku. Aristotle amagwirizanitsa kufanana ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti cholengedwa chomwe chimakonda kubadwanso m'thupi chimakhala ndi miyambo iwiri. Asayansi amadziwa mawonekedwe a mutu womwe umakonda mbalame, momwe amapangira maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a ndege.
Kukula kwa mbalameyo kumakhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa nkhunda yapakatikati. Kutalika kwake ndi 33-34 cm, kulemera kwa 100-180 g, mapiko a mapiko a 56-65 cm cuckoo mu chithunzi chikuwonetsa kuwonjezera chowonjezera. Mchira wautali wopindika, mapiko achidule amakulolani kuti muzitha kuyenda bwino munkhokwe.
Liti cockoo amagona, miyendo yayifupi ndiyosawoneka. Monga Woodpeckers, malo omwe zala zili: ziwiri kutsogolo, ziwiri kumbuyo, zimakupatsani mwayi wokhazikika pamtunda, koma zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwamiyendo pamalo opingasa.
Mlomo wa nkhakao ndi wakuda, ndipo pang'onopang'ono pang'ono chikasu. Kuzungulira maso mphete zachikasu za kuwala kwa lalanje.
Utoto wa nkhaka wamba umakhala wakuda kwambiri ndi mthunzi wa phulusa. Mimba ndi yopepuka, mumtambo wachitsulo chosinthika. Miyendo ya mbalame nthawi zonse imakhala yachikasu. Kusiyana kwa kugonana sikumadziwika konse, koma nthawi zina zachikazi zofiirira zoyera zokhala ndi milozo yopingasa zimapezeka.
Achinyamata nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, yosiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wofiirira-wofiirira, wokhala ndi mawanga oyera kumbuyo kwa mutu, omwe amazimiririka mbalame zazikulu. Kukhetsa kumachitika mu mbalame kawiri pachaka. Nthenga zikusintha pang'ono pang'ono chilimwe, ndipo ndizokwanira nthawi yozizira.
Kutengera mitundu ya mbalame, mtundu umasiyanasiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nkhaka zamkuwa zimakhala ndi mthunzi wofananira wonyaditsa. Cockoo wagolide ali ndi nthenga zamkaso zachikaso zamitundu mitundu.
Mbalame imakhala ndi moyo wobisalira, ndikumveka kofotokozera kukhalapo kwake. Chosiyana ndi masika ndi theka loyambirira la chilimwe, nthawi yakukhwima ikusintha amuna kukhala oimba maphokoso komanso oimba. Kuyimbanso mobwerezabwereza "cuckoo" ndikulimbikitsanso pa syllable yoyamba ndikufuna kukopa chachikazi.
Mverani mawu a cuckoo
M'masiku omveka mawu a cuckoo imatha kumveka pamtunda wa makilomita awiri. Ngati mbalameyo yadzuka, ndiye kuti imayesedwa ngati kuti yaphatikizika "ku-ku-ku-ku", yofanana ndi kung'amba kapena kuseka. Yaikazi imaliranso ngati ikulira. Ngati agwidwa ndi agalu m'manja, ndiye amafuula mokweza.
Zofala mbalame ya cuckoo otchuka kwambiri pakati pa abale, omwe alipo ambiri. Banja la cuckoo limaphatikizapo mitundu 6 ya mbalame:
- motele,
- spur,
- kuthamanga
- mphutsi zamadyedwe
- Waku America
- zenizeni.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame imayimiriridwa ndi mitundu 140 ya nkhakao, yosiyana kwambiri ndi inzake. Kusankha mitundu mwakuthupi kunawonekera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mbalame kumalo okhala.
Mipikisano yamilandu yambiri. Thupi lanu, minyewa, miyendo yolimba. Amakhala makamaka ku Central, South America. Ana amphaka a Cuckoo adakula okha, koma amathanso kufalikira mwa kuyikira mazira mu zisa za mbalame zina.
Spur nkhakaos. Kuwala kwakutali kwa chala kunapereka dzina kumtundu womwe amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Kukula kwa mbalameyo kumachokera pa khwangwala. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda bii komanso utoto wabuluu. Chisa cha Cuckoo adzipange okha, anapiye oyamwitsidwa, amawonetsa kusamalira iwo.
Kuthamanga (nthaka) nkhaka. Amakhala ku Western Hemisphere. Kawirikawiri mumakwera mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri mumapezeka mumsewu. Mtundu wopukutira, kumera korona, khosi lalitali ndi mchira kumathandizira kuyendetsa kuthamanga, kutembenuka mozungulira. Polera ana, nkhaka ndi tiziromboti.
Mphutsi. Woimira chidwi ndi mphutsi za ku Brazil. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumayiko aku America pafupi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, pomwe chakudya chambiri cha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda chimaperekedwa nthawi zonse. Mlomo wamphamvu wamtundu waung'ono, woloyikidwa m'mphepete, ndiwofunikira.
Ani mphutsi
Ma cockoos aku America. Amasiyana kukula kwake, koma onse amakhala ndi michira yayitali, miyendo yolimba, komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Zovala zamkati zimakonda kupakidwa zakuda ndi zoyera. Pangani zisa zawo, zomwe sizimagwirizana ndi alendo.
Cocatoos enieni. Kugawidwa ku Eurasia kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Zima nthawi yozizira zimachitika ku Africa. Bristle, dazi, wosokonekera, wamphamvu kwambiri, wolumala ndi mitundu ina yagulu ili.
Zodziwika kwambiri mwa izo ndi wamba cockoo. Mbalame iti Ndiwofunika kwambiri kuposa mtundu wina, ndizovuta kudziwa, koma onse amaponyera mazira mu zisa za mbalame zina.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudya za omnivorous cuckoos nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana, komanso zakudya zamasamba. Ngakhale zili zazing'ono, mbalamezo ndizabwino kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta osunthika, ofunika maulendo ataliatali nthawi yozizira.
Chakudya chomwe mumakonda chimakhala ndi ziwala, ziwala, kafadala, agulugufe, mphutsi za kabichi, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono. Cuckoos amadya udzudzu, mazira a nyerere ndi mbalame, nthomba, mphutsi, mbozi zakupha, zomwe mbalame zina zimapewa. Kuchokera ku zakudya zamasamba, nkhaka za m'nkhalango zimakonda zipatso.
Kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo tambiri ndi mbalame ndichinthu chofunikira kuteteza chilengedwe. Pokhapokha pa nthawi yobala, chidwi chamadongosolo a nkhalango chimacheperachepera. Cuckoo mbalame moyo Imadzazidwa ndi kusaka kogwira ntchito kwa mabanja kuti mubereke.
Zinsinsi za Cuckoo
M'nthawi yamasika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe, aliyense adamva kukuwa kodabwitsa m'nkhalango kapena paki. Koma ochepa omwe adawona mbalame yamawu yolira, yosiyana pakati pa nthambi komanso osamala ndi zizolowezi. Zomwe zimayimbidwa ndi mbalame zikuwonetsedwa mu dzinalo, kuphatikiza apo, ziyankhulo zosiyanasiyana zaku Europe. "Chungkoo" wachisoni ngakhale chimakhudzidwa ndikupanga chuma.
Cuckoo mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Ngakhale kuli kwofunikira pakuyimba nkhokwe, malongosoledwe am mbalame osati zochititsa chidwi: zazing'ono kukula, zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa nkhunda. Mfundu ndi yoyera imvi, imakhala ndi mikwingwirima m'thupi, mchirawo ndi wautali, ndipo miyendo ndi zala ziwiri zakutsogolo ndi zala ziwiri zakumbuyo, zokutidwa ndi nthenga. Kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 100 okha, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 40. Mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi kambuku kapena zilombo zina, kufanana kumeneku kumawathandiza kupulumuka.
Pamene nkhakao imayimba, imayenda pang'ono mbali zingapo ndikufalikira ndikweza mchira. Phokoso lodziwika bwino limapangidwa ndi mwamunayo, kuyimbira bwenzi lake ndikudziwitsa anthu oyandikana nawo kuti gawo ndilo. Liwu la chikazi chachikazi ndi losiyana, pang'ono ngati kuseka. Kumva izi, palibe amene amawerengera chaka.
Kugawidwa kwa cockoos ndikokulira: ku Europe, Africa, Asia konse. Malo ake amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mitundu yamtundu wa passerine, wofala. Kuphatikiza kumafotokozedwa ndikuponya mazira, koma sikuti izi zimangoyambitsa kusamuka.
Kudula mitengo, mitengo yokhala ngati mapiri, taiga nkhakaosamukasamukambalame. Kuyambira Epulo, pang'onopang'ono amawonekera m'malo athu, ndipo kale mu Julayi amasonkhana ku South Africa kuchokera kumadera akumadzulo, komanso kuchokera kum'mawa kupita ku China kapena India. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mbalame zakale zouluka, ndipo kumapeto kwa Seputembala, mbalame zazing'ono. Mwa njira iyi, cuckoo - mbalame yozizira mayiko otentha.
Pali mitundu ingapo yayikulu, koma yodziwika chikkoo ", mbalame iti amakhala ponseponse ndipo amadziwika chifukwa cha kuyimba kwawoko, amakhala m'madambo ndi m'minda yozunguliridwa ndi zitunda, pakati pa mabango m'mbali mwa madera.
Pakati pa mapiri, amapezeka pamalo okwera mpaka 2,500 m, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 4,000. mbalame sizimakonda malo am'chipululu, miyala yayitali, tundra ndi nyumba zopanda phokoso zamatawuni. M'malo osawadziwa, mbalame zimasankha malo omwewo popereka chithandizo kwa omwe amakhala. Chapakatikati amathamangira kubwerera kumadera omwe akudziwika.
Chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha nkhakao
Kusanthula khalidweli ndi ntchito yosayamika. Ndiwobisalira komanso wosamala, sasiya kuchita chilichonse. Amalengeza za kukhalapo, koma sanalole zowonera. Simungathe kusiyanitsa ambiri mawu a mbalame, cuckoo Ngakhale mwana adziwa.
Mu chithunzichi ndi wambakokokoko
Mbalameyi sinasinthidwe kuti iziyenda pansi. Ngati apita kuti agwire, ndiye kuti afulumira kuti abwerere. Mawamba awiri okhala ndi mbali ziwiri monyamula amakhala ndi cockoo yemwe masitepe ake amasinthana ndi kudumpha. Mtunda womwe umafunikira umatsikira pachikondwerero kotero kuti ngakhale matope amatsalira. Chingwe chogwirizanitsa kapena mbozi ndi mphotho chifukwa chovuta kusuntha.
Cuckoos amakhala mosiyana, amayesetsa kuti apange maukwati kwakanthawi kokhwima. Gawo la mbalame iliyonse ndilofanana kukula kwake ndi zaka zake. Wamphongo atha "kubereka" mwana wamkazi, koma amateteza malowo kwa ena ndikuwadziwitsa aliyense.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Kuvina kwamkaka kwa nkhaka kumachitika ndi kukondana. Wamphongo, monga ngati chimakupiza, umagwedeza mchira wake ndikuyitanitsa cuckoo. Mutu woweramitsidwa ndi mapiko ndi chizindikiro cha kuzindikira komanso kukopa. Nthambi kapena phesi lomwe limabweretsa limalowetsa mkaziyo pomaliza pake.
Amadziwika kuti cockoo mbalame chisa - mlendo nthawi zonse. Chodetsa nkhawa chake ndikupereka ana kwa kholo lokhazikika lokhalamo mbalame zina. Kufotokozera kwake ndikosavuta: kuchuluka komwe sangasungidweko sikungapulumutsidwe mbalame ya cockoo, mazira ambiri, ndipo aliyense amafunikira wowasamalira.
Kugwedezeka kumachitika mwakuganiza komanso mosamala. Choyamba, mbalameyo imayang'ana chisa “chosamala,” kudikirira kuti ipeze nthawiyo, kenako masamba mazira a cockoo kuti alowetse mazirawo, ndikungowataya. Kwa nthawi yayitali, njirayi imayang'anira machitidwe a eni a chisa. Akakhutira kuti dzira lavomerezedwa, ndiye kuti asiya ntchitoyi.
Mazira a Cuckoo ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa mbalameyo. Chifukwa chake, "makolo omulera" ambiri sazindikira cholowacho, ndipo kubwera kwa mkaziyo kumawawopsa ndi mawonekedwe ake amtundu ndi adani.
Cuckoo anapiye amakolomoka masiku 11 mpaka 12, nthawi zambiri kale kuposa ena. Kulimbana kwa chakudya kumafotokoza machitidwe awo omenyera: amakonda kukankhira ena muchisa ndikugwira chakudya chochulukirapo.
Mbiri ya anthu opeza siyabwino konse. Mpheta zamzinda zaphunzira kuzindikira mazira omwe aponyedwa ndikuzitaya, mbalame zina zimatha kuponyera chisa ndi mphatso ya munthu wina. Koma makolo opirira kwambiri amasamalira aliyense.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, cuckoo amayang'ana kuyikira dzira kwa mbalame yomwe idadzinyamula yokha. Osamala odalirika amaphatikizapo zaryanka, ngolo yoyera, poyambira pansanja, ndi nkhuni. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa makolo omulera kumakhala kocheperako kuposa mwana wa cuckoo.
Akatswiri amati ngati nkhakazo zikasamalira ana, kuchuluka kwa anapiye ndi matupi awo opitilira muyeso kukadaposa mphamvu za makolo. Chifukwa chake, kudera nkhawa kwawo kudakumana ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe.
M'badwo wa cuckoos wachilengedwe umakhala pakati pa zaka 5 mpaka 10, ndipo mu ukapolo mochulukira - mpaka zaka 25 mpaka 40. Pafupifupi njiwa yaulere imakhala pafupifupi, yolingana ndi kukula. Ngakhale nkhaka zimawoneka ngati kambuku kakang'ono, moyo wawo ndi nthano yosiyana.
Zindikirani!
Zizindikiro zakunja za dothi loumbika
Earth cuckoo ndiye woimira wamkulu wa banja lake.
Zambiri mwa mbalame ndi zokongola, koma zaudongo. Brown mmbuyo ndi zoyera ndi zoyera zazitali zautali. Chopendekera chaching'ono chikuwoneka pamutu. Oyera oyera, pakhosi achikopa, yokutidwa ndimiyala yakuda. Palibe nthenga kuzungulira maso, khungu lopanda malowa ndi lamtambo, malo amtundu wa lalanje amawoneka kumbuyo kwa maso. Iris ndi yofiira.
Dothi loumbika limakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Miyendo yake ndi yayikulu komanso yolimba ndi zala ziwiri kuloza kutsogolo ndi ziwiri kumbuyo. Mchirawo ndi wautali, ndipo mapiko ndi ofupikirapo komanso ofooka, otalika pafupifupi masentimita 17. Mlomo ndi waukulu komanso wolimba, wofanana ndi kutalika kwa mutu. Mwa zizindikilo zakunja, zazimuna ndi zazikazi sizimasiyana.
California zoumba cuckoo (Geococcyx californianus).
Habitat
Mbalame izi zimakhala pafupifupi kulikonse: kumayiko onse sapezeka kupatula ku Antarctica. Cuckoo wamba amapezeka mdera lililonse lotentha.
A Cuckoos omwe amakhala ku Europe komanso kumpoto kwa Asia amathera nthawi yozizira kwambiri kusamukira ku Africa ndi madera otentha aku Asia.
Amakhala m'nkhalango ndi malo opondera, amamanga zisa m'mabango, zitsamba, nthawi zambiri - mwachindunji pansi. M'madera otsika komanso pafupi ndi gombe ndizofala kwambiri kuposa m'mapiri. Katundu waku Central Asia amakhala pamabedi amango.
Kutalika kwa moyo, kubereka
Pafupifupi, nkhaka imakhala zaka 5-10, ngakhale anthu ena adapulumuka mpaka 40. Kwakukulu, mbalame ikakhala yayikulu, imakhala nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi zambiri, ma cockoos amakhala moyo wobisika komanso wosungulumwa. Amayamba kukondana wina ndi mnzake pakati pa kasupe, atabwerako ku kusamuka. Pakadali pano, anyani amphongo amayamba kuitana zazikazi ndi kuyimba kwawo.
Mpaka mwezi wa Ogasiti, champhongo chimakwanitsa kudzaza akazi angapo. Munthawi imeneyi, samakhala ndi nkhawa yakukonzekera chisa chawo, koma kufunafuna makolo olera ana awo. Ndi nyengo yayitali yokwanira, ma cockoos amasinthana ndi nesting ya mbalame zokulitsa.
Iponya
Sizokayikitsa kuti cockoo imatha kutchedwa kuti mayi wopanda ntchito. Komabe, amasankha mosamala kuti ndi ndani wopatsa kulera ana ake. Kuyambira pa kubadwa, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi mitundu ya mbalame yomwe chisa chake chagona, nkhaka imawaponyera dzira lokha. Amakumbukira mawonekedwe awo ndi mawu awo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aziyenda mosavuta panthawi yoyenera.
Akazi amadziwa pasadakhale momwe adzakhazikitsire chisa chake. Atagwira nthawi yomwe eniakewo palibe, chachikazi chimayika dzira mwachangu, monga mazira ena mu clutch. Pobweza, imaponya, idya kapena kulanda dzira limodzi. Akazindikira kuti anapiye osawadziwa amatchera msanga kuposa ake, anyaniwa amatha kuwonongeratu nkhanuyo.
Kuyimba
Kutanthauzira kwa nkhakoo sikungakhale kwanzeru popanda mawu ake kuyimba.
"Cuckoo" wodziwika bwino amasindikizidwa ndi nthawi yamkhaka, yomwe imatenga gawo la kasupe ndi chilimwe. Nthawi imodzi, mbalamezo zimatha kuyendayenda mpaka maulendo 60.
Kulira kwa akazi kuli ngati kaphokoso kakang'ono. Pa masiku omveka, mawu awo ali pamtunda wa makilomita awiri. Chaka chonse, ma cockoos amakhala chete.
Kuswana kwa cockoo
Ma cockoo apadziko lapansi ndi mbalame zokhala ndi akazi okhaokha. Panthawi yobereketsa, awiriawiri amapangika. Zomera zamadzimadzi zimakhala m'malo ena, ndipo amuna amateteza gawo lokhalamo.
California Cuckoo Plantain amatha kukhala ankhanza kwambiri ndipo amatha kuwukira.
Pa nyengo kuswana, mbalame zinthu ndithu azitengapo ndipo amatha kuukira ngakhale chinyezimiro awo pamwamba pa galimoto anaima chipululu. Mbalame zimamanga chisa cha udzu wouma ndi nthambi zamtchire kapena m'nkhalangozi. Yaikazi imayikira mazira oyera a 3-9. Amuna ndi akazi zikhalire zomangamanga ndi chakudya cuckoos.
Zokhudza mchitidwe wa dothi loumbika
Dothi loumbidwalo silokhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja, komanso mikhalidwe.
Pa pake, ndi cuckoo dothi pang'ono akutambasula khosi, pang'ono natambasula mapiko ake ndi kuwukitsa Crest. Mbalame imawuluka pamitengo pangozi zokha ndipo imawuluka pamtunda wocheperako.
Mbalame yamtunduwu imakonda kugona usiku, komabe, panthambi za mitengo yotsika.
Dzina la cuckoo zadothi angamasuliridwe kwa English ndi Spanish monga "akuthamanga mumseu", monga mbalame wakonda akhudze ziyangoyango m'njira nyama. Dothi loumbidwa nthawi zambiri limadyetsedwa m'malo opezeka anthu ndipo limapeza chakudya pamtunda ndi panjira za mbewu. Pakakhala ngozi, chifukwa cha miyendo yake yayitali, nkhakayo imatha kuwonetsa kuthamanga kwa makilomita 30 pa ola limodzi, koma imakonda kubisala patchire lokhalokha.
Psyllium cuckoo ndi yosalankhulika kwambiri mbalame. Mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu umakhala mosiyana, pafupifupi osasunthira kutali ndi kwawo. Pano, mbalameyo imamverera ngati mbuye wathunthu: imakhazikika modekha komanso mofatsa ikufunafuna chakudya, ikukweza mchira wake ndikuwongola thupi lake pang'ono.
Mvera mawu a cuckoo zadothi
Mbalameyi imayenda mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana munthawi yamavuto. Chikhungwe cha dothi sichimatulutsa kavalo othamanga mwachangu, palibe mbalame imodzi yomwe ingafanane ndi iyo.
Short mapiko musalole mbalame kupanga ndege yaikulu Komabe, ngati n'koyenera, ndi cuckoo zadothi amasintha malo ake okhazikika.
Khungwe ladothi limadumpha mpaka mamita atatu pamwamba pa nthaka, kuti likhale ndi thupi m'mlengalenga, limatsegula mapiko ake kwa mphindi imodzi, koma limayenda mtunda wautali. Mbalame imatha kuuluka msanga pamtunda wawung'ono, koma mapiko ofupikirapo sawalola kutalika kupitilira mita 2 kutalika.
The cuckoo zadothi mwangwiro ndinazolowera zikhalidwe za moyo mu chipululu. Usiku, pomwe kutentha kwa matenthedwe kutsikira mpaka madigiri 10, kutentha kwa thupi la mbalame kumatsika madigiri anayi.
Izi zimathandizira kuti nkhokwe ya cuckoo ipulumutse mphamvu. M'mawa, cuckoos amasangalala dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali, nthenga khosi lawo ndi kumbuyo, ndipo mapiko kufala. Nthawi yomweyo, "mapanelo" a dzuwa amawunikira thupi la mbalameyo, imatulutsa kutentha thupi komwe kwayamba kuzizira usiku.
Mtengo wa dothi loumbika
Nyama ya cuckoo zadothi ndi zoipa ndi amphamvu, monga labala, koma am'deralo kudya izo. Imadziwika ngati machiritso chifukwa chodabwitsa cha mbalame kugaya njoka zapoizoni.
Nyama yamtundu wamatumbo imawonedwa kuti ichiritsa chifukwa mbalameyo imatha kugaya njoka zapoizoni.
Mexico kupatsa ndi cuckoo zadothi ndi katundu zachilendo. Amalemba zitumbuwa zosonyeza nkhokwe yam'munda ndikugulitsa kwa alendo. Pali chizindikiro chakuti ngati dothi la cuckoo lidutsa msewu waulendo, ulendowo ungakhale wosavuta komanso wotetezeka. Chifaniziro cha cuckoo zadothi ntchito monga chizindikiro cha boma US wa New Mexico ndi Texas Folk Society.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.