Mtunduwu ndi wa banja la ma penguin ndipo umaphatikizidwa ndi ma penguin a genus. Penguin wodziwika amakhala kumpoto kwenikweni kwa dera laling'ono. Mbalamezi zimakhala pachilumba cha Falkland, pachilumba cha Tierra del Fuego, kugombe lakumwera kwa South America, pa zilumba za Auckland, kuzilumba za Antipode. Malo okongola ndi malo amiyala pafupi ndi malo osungira madzi oyera ndi magwero ena amadzi achilengedwe. Mtunduwu wagawidwa m'magulu awiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a penguin wopendekedwa
Crested Penguin amatanthauza mbalame zosayenda zouluka. Mitundu ya penguin woponderezedwayo imaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo 18, kuphatikizapo penguin wakummwera, ndi penguin wakummawa ndi kumpoto.
Magulu akum'mwera amakhala kumalire a Argentina ndi Chile. Penguin Wakummawa amapezeka kuzilumba za Marion, Campbell ndi Crozet. Northern Crested Penguin amatha kuwoneka pa zilumba za Amsterdam.
Penguin wokhulupirira, cholengedwa choseketsa. Dzinalo limadzitanthauzira ngati "mutu woyera", ndipo zaka zambiri zapitazo, oyendetsa sitimawo amatcha mbalamezi "mafuta" kuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini "pinguis".
Kutalika kwa mbalame sikudutsa 60 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 2-4 kg. Koma musanayambe kusungunuka, mbalameyi imatha "kupuma" mpaka 6,7 kg. Amuna amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta pakati pa zoweta - zazikulu, zazikazi, M'malo mwake, ndizochepera kukula.
Pa chithunzicho, penguin wamwamuna wachotsa
Penguin ndiwowoneka bwino pakapangidwe kake: kumbuyo kwakuda ndi kwamtambo komanso m'mimba yoyera. Thupi lonse la penguin limakutidwa ndi nthenga, lalitali masentimita 2,5 mpaka 13. Mtundu wachilendo wamutu, kumtunda kwa mmero ndi m'masaya onse ndi wakuda.
Ndipo pali maso ozungulira ndi ana ofiira akuda. Mapikowo alinso akuda bii, mzere woonda komanso wowonda umaoneka m'mbali. Mlomo ndi wofiirira, wowonda, wautali. Ma paws amapezeka pafupi ndi kumbuyo, kwapafupi, pinki.
Chifukwa chiyani "crested" penguin? Chifukwa cha ma crests okhala ndi ma tassel, omwe amapezeka kuchokera pakamwa, ma crests awa ndi oyera achikasu. Penguin wokhulupirira amadziwika ndi kuthekera kosuntha ma crests awa. Zambiri chithunzi cha penguin wopingasa mumugonjetse ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, mawonekedwe owopsa koma okoma mtima.
Crested Penguin Moyo Ndi Habitat
Crested Penguin ndi mbalame yocheza yomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri amapanga magulu onse, momwe akhoza kukhala anthu opitilira 3,000.
Amakonda kukhala m'munsi mwa matanthwe kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amafunikira madzi abwino, chifukwa amapezeka pafupipafupi ndi malo abwino okhala ndi dziwe.
Mbalame zimakhala phokoso, zimapanga phokoso lalikulu komanso mokweza momwe amalumikizirana ndi abale awo ndikuchenjezana za ngoziyi. "Nyimbo" izi zimatha kumveka nthawi yakukhwima, koma masana kapena usiku feela ma penguin samveka.
Koma, ngakhale izi, ma penguin osokonekera amakhala okwiyirana wina ndi mnzake. Mlendo akapanda kukaitanidwa kukafika kuderalo, mbalameyi imagwada pansi, pomwe chimbudzi chake chimakwera.
Amatambasulira mapiko ake ndikuyamba kugwedezeka pang'ono ndikuwombera miyendo yake. Komanso, chilichonse chimayenda ndi mawu ake akuthwa. Mdani akaleka, ndiye kuti nkhondoyo iyamba ndi kumenya koopsa. Ngakhale ndi kakulidwe kawo kakang'ono, abambo a penguin osankhidwa ndi ankhondo olimba mtima, mopanda mantha komanso molimba mtima amateteza awiri awo ndi ana awo.
Poyerekeza ndi anzawo, nthawi zonse amakhala aulemu komanso ochezeka. Osati mokweza, akulankhula ndi omwe ali nawo. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe ma penguin amatuluka m'madzi - mbalameyo imagwedeza mutu wake kumanzere ndi kumanja, ngati kuti ndikupatsa moni aliyense pagululo. Wamphongo akumana ndi mkaziyo, kumamenyetsa khosi, ndikusunthika, ndikulira kwambiri, ngati wamkazi ayankhanso chimodzimodzi, banjali limadziwana ndikugwirizananso.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mtunduwu umakhala zisa m'magulu akuluakulu, omwe amatha zisa 100,000. Maanja okwatirana. Nyengo ya kuswana imagwera pa Seputembara - mwezi wa Novembala. Mu clutch pali mazira awiri aakulu osiyana. Mwana wankhuku, monga lamulo, imapulumuka dzira lalikulu.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 33. Wamkazi ndi wamkazi amaikira mazira. M'matumbo am'munsi mwa ma penguin ophatikizika pali malo a khungu opanda nthenga. Amapereka kutentha kutuluka kuchokera mthupi kupita ku mazira. Atadulidwa, yamphongo imakhalabe ndi mbewu masiku 25 oyambirira, ndipo mkaziyo amapeza chakudya ndikudzipatsa chakudya. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, nkhuku zimaphatikizidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a "nazale". Amakhala pamenepo mpaka atakula bwino.
Pambuyo poswana, mbalame zachikulire zimadziunjikira nkhokwe zamafuta ndikukonzekera kusungunuka kwapachaka. Zimatenga masiku 25. Munthawi imeneyi, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimasinthiratu masanjidwe ake. Atasungunuka, amachoka pamtunda ndikupita kunyanja kwa miyezi yozizira. Amabwereranso kumtunda kuti ayambenso kubereka. Kutchire, penguin wokhalamo amakhala zaka 10-12.
Crested Penguin Kudya
Zakudya za ma penguin ophatikizidwa ndizambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana. Kwenikweni, mbalameyo imadya chakudya chake mnyanja, idyani nsomba zazing'ono, keel, crustaceans. Anchovichi, sardine amadya, kumwa madzi am'nyanja, ndipo mchere wambiri umasungidwa kudzera m'mitsempha yomwe ili pamwamba pa maso a mbalameyo.
Mbalame imapeza mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa miyezi ingapo ili munyanja. Nthawi yomweyo, imatha kukhala wopanda chakudya kwa masabata ambiri. Pamene anapiye awaswa, ndiye wamkazi amene amayang'anira chakudya m'banjamo.
Mu chithunzicho, ma penguins osinthika, amuna ndi akazi
Amapita kunyanja, amabweretsa chakudya osati anapiye okha, komanso champhongo. Popanda mkazi wake, penguin amadyetsa ana ake mkaka, womwe umapangidwa mwa iye mazira.
Kutanthauzira kwa Crested Penguins
Kutalika kwa matupi awo nthawi zambiri sikupita masentimita 62, kulemera kwake ndi 2-3 kg. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti asanayambe kusungunuka, misa imatha kufika 7 kg. Monga lamulo, amuna ndi aatali kuposa akazi. Chofunikira chawo ndi mizere yachikaso yokhala ndi masamba pamwamba pamaso omwe amafanana ndi nsidze. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa osakhulupirira. Komanso, mbalame zimatha kusuntha maburashi awa.
Nthenga zakumbuyo, kumbuyo ndi kumtunda kwa mapikowo ndizopakidwa zakuda ndi tintimati, ndipo m'mimba mwayera. Anawo ndi ofiira amtundu wakuda. Maonekedwe owopsa koma abwino a penguin wokazika amatha kusungunula mtima uliwonse. Kutalika kwa nthenga zopanda madzi kumangokhala 3 cm (pa korona ndikokulirapo). Mlomo ndi wodera kapena lalanje. Miyendo yofiyira ya pinki yayifupi ili pafupi ndi kumbuyo. Mapiko opendekera koma amphamvuwo amalola kuti mbalame izisambira mwachangu.
Mu February, ma penguins amakhala ndi "chisa cha uchi", chomwe chimakhala ndi kusungunuka. Izi zimatenga masiku 28. Nthawi yonseyi, chachimuna ndi chachikazi samasiyana ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi chisa. Nthenga zimapangidwanso mwatsopano pakati pa Epulo, pambuyo pake banjali limalowa munyanja.
Habitat
Northern Crested Penguin imatha kupezeka makamaka ku zilumba za Amsterdam. Oimira mabungwe akumwera amakhala kumphepete mwa nyanja ya Chile ndi Argentina, pomwe am'mawa - pachilumba cha Croset, Marion ndi Campbell. Nthawi zambiri amakacheza ku Tierra del Fuego. Malo okondedwa a mbalameyi amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa madzi abwino, malo otsetsereka a m'mphepete mwa miyala ndi matako, kumapeto kwake (60-65 m kumtunda kwa nyanja) amakhala ndi kuwola ana.
Zizolowezi za mbalame
Kusungulumwa sikwachilendo kwa iye. Ma penguins amakonda kukhala m'midzi yayikulu ya anthu 3,000. Pakati pawo eni mafuko amalankhulana mothandizidwa ndi mawu akulu akulu. Khalidwe laphokoso kwambiri limadziwika ndi nthawi yakukhwima.
Pokhudzana ndi alendo osadziwika amawachitira nkhanza kwambiri. Kukula kwakang'ono kwa thupi sikulepheretsa mbalame kuteteza banja lake molimba mtima. Amathamangitsa alendo pongotsitsa mitu yawo, ndikupukutira mapewa awo, ndikufinya nsidze zawo, mawonekedwe akuda ndi mapiko awo. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalameyo imalumphira, imadumphadumpha ndikulira kwambiri. Ngati mdani sanachoke m'gawolo, penguin amayamba ndewu ndi mutu wamphamvu. Popitirira kunkhondo ndimapikapo mapiko a phokoso ndi milomo yayitali. Ndikotheka kuti otsutsa omwe amafunitsitsa kumenya nkhondo akhoza kuluma magazi.
Ponena za maubale ndi mamembala a paketi, nthawi zonse amakhala ochezeka wina ndi mnzake. Amuna amakumana ndi okondedwa awo, akumira, akufuula ndi kukhosi kwa khosi lawo, zazikazi zimayankhanso chimodzimodzi. Tsatirani moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Moyo ndi zizolowezi
Ma penguins ogwidwa ndi osayenera kwathunthu moyo umodzi, amaphatikizidwa m'magulu akuluakulu a anthu oposa 3,000. Amakonda kukhala osati m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso m'malo amiyala, amasankha malo pafupi ndi malo osungira madzi abwino, chifukwa amafunika kumwa. Pazilumba zomwe pamakhala dothi lambiri, amakumbanso mbewa zake ndi kumata tinthu tambiri. Amalumikizana, ndikupanga phokoso lakuthwa kwambiri. Ndipo nthawi yakukhwima kuzungulira koloni imayima mofuula. Ngakhale mawonekedwe okongola, amakwiyira alendo osawadziwa komanso alendo osawadziwa. Poona amene akuchita chidwi, akuyamba kupfuula mokhumudwa, ndikugunda ndi kugwa. Nthawi yomweyo, amapinda mapewa awo, natsegula nsidze, natambasula mapiko awo ndikutsitsa mitu yawo modabwitsa. Ngati mlendo safuna kutuluka, wotetezayo ayamba kumenya - akumenya mutu wake, atanyamula mapiko ake, akutulutsa mkamwa.
Pothandizana wina ndi mnzake nthawi zonse amakhala ochezeka komanso amtundu wabwino. Akakumana ndi okonda, amunawo amanjenjemera, kufuula mwachidwi ndikukoka khosi lawo kwa bwenzi lawo. Akazi amawonetsa momwe amvera. Yogwira masana, kugona usiku.
Zosangalatsa
- Penguin ndi mbalame yokhayo pa Dziko Lapansi yomwe imangouluka, komanso kukhala m'mlengalenga.
- Amasiyana ndi abale amtundu wina chifukwa amatha kusunthira kumbuyo kwake.
- Kukhala ndi moyo wautali - zaka 25-27.
- Amatha kumwa madzi amchere am'nyanja popanda kuvutika ndi mchere wambiri - zochulukirapo zimatulutsidwa ndimatenda apadera pamaso.
- Ma penguins achimuna ndi amuna okhulupirika kwambiri, ndi akazi awo osankhidwa amakhala moyo wawo wonse. Koma, akabwerera kuchisa, mwini wake sanapeze mkazi wake, koma penguin wina, ndiye kuti adalowa muubwenzi wapamtima, osadikira mkazi wake.
- Ma penguins ogwidwa amasambira kwambiri, ndikupanga liwiro la makilomita 40 pa ola limodzi. Popeza mapikowo sakwaniritsa ntchito yake yowuluka, mbalamezo amazisintha m'malo mwa zipsepse, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zimayenda m'madzi. Mapazi ndi mchira umathandizira m'malo mwa helm.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Crested Penguin
Penguin wopondedwayo ndi wa banja la anyani. Zotsalira zaposachedwa za ma penguin ang'ono ali pafupifupi zaka 32 miliyoni. Ngakhale kuti ma penguins ambiri ndi mbalame zazikulu, zazikulu, makolo awo anali okulirapo. Mwachitsanzo, woyimira wamkulu kwambiri wotsalira yemwe adapezeka. Kulemera kwake kunali pafupifupi kilogalamu 120.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi penguin wosokedwa amawoneka bwanji
Mitundu yonse ya ma penguin opukutidwa ndi ofanana. Kutalika kwawo kumayambira 60 cm., Kulemera pafupifupi 3 kg. Mbalame zazing'onoting'ono zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanitsa - nthenga zomwe zili m'maso mwawo ndizitali, zachikasu zowala, zimapanga mawonekedwe a nsidze kapena ma crests, momwe ma penguin adadziwikira dzina.
Chosangalatsa: Asayansi sanadziwitsepo chifukwa chake penguin wokhalamo amafuna nthenga zachikaso pamwamba pa maso. Pakadali pano, lingaliro lokhalo ndiloti atenga nawo gawo pamasewera a mtundu uwu.
Ma penguins ophatikizika amadziwika ndi maula osagwira madzi, omwe amapereka thermoregulation: imawotha mbalameyo nthawi yozizira, itazizira panthawi yamoto. Mlomo wa penguin ndi wautali, wonenepa, nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi ubweya wofiirira.
Ma penguins ophatikizidwa - mtundu waukulu womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo:
- penguin wamiyala wamiyala - ndikuwoneka motengera miyendo, yomwe imakhala ngati yasunthidwa kumbuyo kotero kuti ndiyosavuta kuti Penguin akwere miyala.
- Northern Crested Penguin ndiye mitundu yomwe ili pangozi kwambiri. Awa ndi mbalame zazing'onoting'ono zapamwamba komanso maula akuda,
- Victoria Penguin. Amadziwika ndi malo oyera m'masaya. Mwambiri, dera loyera pamimba ndilofala kwambiri kuposa ma penguin ena obisika,
- penguin wamkulu. M'malo mwake, siwokhazikika kwambiri - amasankhidwa pamalo azisumbu zapa Snares - iyi ndi malo ochepa kwambiri pakati pa ma penguins
- Schlegel Penguin. Kuwala kosadziwika bwino kwa penguin wopendekera, yemwe alibe zithunzi zagolide ndi mulomo wakuda kwambiri. Ali ndi siliva imvi kumbuyo wokhala ndi ma tepi oyera, ma oyera oyera. Nthenga pamutu zimakhala zowoneka bwino.
- penguin wamkulu wokhulupirira. Penguins wamkulu kwambiri. Amadziwika ndi nthenga zazikulu mumapangidwe, omwe mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mtundu wamtambo wamtambo,
- penguin wagolide wagolide. M'mabuku amtunduwu, masamba achikasu pamwamba pamaso amawonekera bwino. Mitundu yoyamba kutseguka ya penguin.
Ma penguins amenewa ali ndi kusiyana kocheperako kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, asayansi sagwirizana pa magawidwe amtundu umodzi wa ma penguin osokonekera.
Kodi penguin wopondedwayo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Crested Penguin mbalame
Ma penguins omwe anali odziwika kwambiri anali pa zilumba za Subantarctic, ku Tasmania, pachilumba cha Tierra del Fuego komanso pagombe la South America. Kuchulukitsa kwa anthu kumagawidwa m'malo awa.
Koma mitundu ingapo yama penguin imakhala m'malo otsatirawa:
- Zilumba za Antipode, New Zealand, Campbell, Auckland, Bounty Islands - ndiwo malo okhala ma penguin akuluakulu,
- Zilumba za South Georgia, South Shetland, Orkney, Sandic Islands - malo okhala penguin owoneka ndi tsitsi,
- pachilumba chachikulu cha Snares chimakhala penguin yayikulu - imakhala m'dera lalikulu makilomita 3.3,
- Penguin wamalonda wambiri amatha kupezeka kuzilumba za Stewart ndi Solander pafupi ndi New Zealand,
- Macquarie Island - malo okhawo omwe amapezeka ndi Schlegel penguin,
- subspecies akumpoto amakhala kuzilumba za Tristan da Cunha ndi chilumba cha Gough.
Monga malo okhalamo, ma pengu osayidwa amasankha miyala yamiyala. Onsewa amasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana kuti ayende pamiyala ndi miyala. Ma penguu amayesa kuti asakhazikike kumadera akutali kwambiri kumpoto, popeza amalekerera nthawi yozizira komanso kusowa kwa chakudya. Ngakhale ma penguin amakhala osaneneka chifukwa cha matupi awo, ma penguin omwe amapezeka ndi okhazikika komanso odala. Mutha kuwona momwe amadumphira kuchokera pamwala kupita pamwala komanso momwe amagwera m'madzi mwamantha.
Amakhala m'magulu akulu ndipo amamanga zisa pamiyala. Ndikofunika kwa iwo kuti ngakhale nthawi yozizira pachilumbachi mutha kupeza udzu wouma, nthambi ndi tchire zomwe zimapita kukamanga chisa, ngakhale mu zisa zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku timiyala tating'ono tosalala. Kupanda kutero, ma penguins a amuna ndi akazi amalimbikitsa zisa zawo ndi nthenga zawo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe penguin wokhulupirira amakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi penguin wokhulupirira amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Crested Penguin kuchokera ku Red Book
Ma penguu amadya chilichonse chomwe amatha kunyanja komanso chomwe chimagwera mulomo.
- nsomba zazing'ono - anchovies, sardines,
- krill,
- khalidal
- osoweka
- ma cephalopod ang'ono - ma octopus, cuttlefish, squid.
Monga ma penguins amfumu, okhazikika omwe amasinthidwa kuti amwe madzi amchere. Mchere wambiri umapangidwa kudzera mu tiziwalo timene timakhala pamphuno. Ngakhale, ngati pali mwayi wokhala ndi madzi oyera, ma penguins amakonda kumwa. M'chilimwe, ma penguin osokonekera amayenda mafuta ali paulendo wautali. M'nyengo yozizira, amachepetsa gawo lawo lolemera, komanso amachepetsa thupi panthawi yamasewera aubwenzi. Pakudyetsa anapiye, wamkazi ndi amene amasamalira ana ake.
Chosangalatsa: Penguin wokhulupirira amakonda kubweretsa nsomba yonse kapena zidutswa zake kwa ana, mmalo mong'ung'uza nsomba mkamwa.
Ma penguins ophatikizika amasunthira pansi pamadzi. Amatha kukulitsa liwiro lalitali kwambiri pakufunafuna nyama. Monga ma dolphin, ma penguin osokonekera amakonda kusaka m'matumba, kuwukira sukulu ya gulu mgulu, potero amawasokoneza. Komanso m'gulu, penguin amatha kuchoka ali wamoyo akakumana ndi mdani. Ma penguwe ndi osaka owopsa. Amameza nsomba panjira ndipo amatha kudya ngakhale anthu akuluakulu. Komanso, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kocheperako komanso kuperewera kwawo, amatha kupeza ma crustaceans ndi octopus kuchokera ku ma gorges ndi mabotolo ena.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Awiri a Crested Penguins
Ma penguins oluka samapezeka okha, ndi mbalame zamtendere. Gulu la ma penguins limatha kupitilira anthu 3,000, zomwe ndi zochuluka ngakhale mikhalidwe ya ma penguin. Malo omwe amakhala ndi chipululu chosankhidwa, chopangidwa ndi miyala ndi zitsamba zosowa pafupi ndi nyanja. Ngakhale nthawi zina amakhala pafupi ndi nyanja ndi mitsinje yatsopano, nthawi zambiri amakhala magulu ochepa omwe amakhala okha. Ma penguins ogwidwa amakonda kupanga phokoso. Amangokhalira kulira, ndipo kufuula kwawo ndi kovuta kuti amve: kumveka mawu, mokweza komanso mofuula. Chifukwa chake ma penguins amalankhulana pakati pawo ndikulankhulana zambiri. Usiku, ma penguin amakhala chete, chifukwa akuwopa kukopa zilombo.
Ma penguins ogwidwa amatha kutchedwa mitundu yayitali kwambiri komanso yankhanza ya ma penguin. Ma penguin aliwonse ali ndi gawo lake, lomwe amalondera mwachangu. Penguin wina akalowa m'gawo lawo, chachikazi ndi chachimuna chimenyanso molimba malo awo oyenera. Kuwona gawo kumalumikizidwa ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono yozungulira, yomwe imapita kukamanga chisa. Iye ndi ndalama zachilendo za ma penguin. Ma penguins ogwidwa samangotenga miyala pamtunda, komanso amaba zinthu zisa zina.
Chosangalatsa: Imphongo ikangokhala pachisa, ndipo yaikazi ikamadyera, zazimayi zina zimabwera kwa mwamunayo ndi kuchita zopembedzera kuti zikuchotse. Pakukhwima, yamphongo imachoka chisa kwa kanthawi kochepa, ndipo yaikazi imabera miyala yake pachisa chake.
Ma penguins omwe alumikizidwa sakhala ndi kulira mokweza - amatha kugunda ndi mdomo komanso mbali yakumaso, yomwe imatha kuvulaza mdani. Mofananamo, amateteza ana awo ndi abwenzi awo ngakhale kwa adani. Ma penguins olimbana amakhalanso ndi abwenzi omwe amakhala nawo ochezeka. Nthawi zambiri amasaka m'magulu ndipo samaba miyala. Kuzindikira kuti ma penguin ali ndi mawu ochezeka ndikosavuta - pamsonkhano amagwedeza mitu yawo kuchokera kumbali kupita kumbali, ndikupatsa moni mnzake. Ma penguins ogwidwa amakhala achidwi. Amalolera kufikira ojambula komanso akatswiri azachilengedwe ndipo amatha kumenyananso ndi anthu, ngakhale kuti ma penguin pang'ono sangathe kuvulaza munthu.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Banja la Penguin
Nyengo yoswana imayamba ndi ndewu zomwe amuna amatenga nawo mbali. Ma penguins awiri amenyera chachikazi, natambasula mapiko awo ndikumenya aliyense ndi mitu yawo ndi milomo. Zonsezi zimatsagana ndi mkokomo wokwera. Penguin wopambana amayimba nyimbo yachikazi kuchokera kumawu ocheperako, pambuyo pake kumatuluka. Wamphongo amamanga chisa. Kwambiri imakhala ndi miyala ya miyala yopanda ngodya zakuthwa, imakokeranso nthambi kumeneko ndi chilichonse chomwe chimapezeka m'chigawochi. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza mabotolo, matumba ndi zinyalala zina kumeneko. Mu Okutobala, chachikazi imayikira mazira (nthawi zambiri pamakhala awiri a iwo, ndipo dzira limodzi limakula kuposa lachiwiri). Pamagona, mkazi samadya, ndipo yamphongo imabweretsa chakudya.
Mokulira, mazira amphongo ndi achikazi amatha mazira mosiyanasiyana, ndipo makulitsidwe amakhala pafupifupi mwezi. Anapiye omwe akuwonekera amakhalabe pa bambo awo. Amawapatsa kutentha, ndipo mkaziyo amabweretsa chakudya nkudyetsa yekha. Mwezi woyamba, anapiyewa amakhala ndi abambo awo, kenako amapita ku "nazale" - malo omwe anapiye am'miyendo amapondera ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu. Kumakhala nthawi mpaka atakhwima kwathunthu. Anapiye atasala m'manja mwa anthu, mbalamezo zimadziunjikira mafuta. Izi zimawathandiza kukonzekera molting, womwe umatha pang'ono mwezi. Asintha malaya awo, mbalame zachikulire zimapita kunyanja ndikukhala nthawi yozizira kumeneko, kukonzekera nyengo yotsatira yakukhwima.
Chosangalatsa: Ma penguins ophatikizika nthawi zina amapanga awiriawiri.
Ma penguins amakhala pafupifupi zaka 10, ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala mpaka 15.
Adani achilengedwe a penguin wokhulupirira
Chithunzi: Great Crested Penguin
Chifukwa cha moyo wawo wapadziko lapansi, ma penguin alibe adani achilengedwe. Ma penguins ambiri omwe amapezeka kale amakhala kuzilumba zakutali, komwe kulibe aliyense wowazunza.
M'madzi, ma penguin amatha kuvulazidwa ndi adani ena:
- nyalugwe zaunyanja - zilombo zoopsa zomwe zimagwira mwachangu ma penguin m'madzi ndipo zitha kukhala zowopsa pamtunda,
- Zisindikizo za ubweya wakumwera zimatha kupha ma penguin ophatikiza, ngakhale zisindikizo za ubweya zimadya nsomba,
- mikango yam'nyanja
- zinzake zakupha anthu nthawi zonse zimasaka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njomba,
- shaki zina zimapezekanso mu ma penguin. Amatha kuzungulira kuzungulira zilumba zomwe ma penguin amakhala. Mbalame ikafuna kudya, imapita kunyanja, ngakhale itakhala kuti ili ndi chilombo pafupi, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo imadyedwa.
Osatetezeka kwambiri ndi anapiye opondera penguin. "Anamwino" nthawi zambiri samayang'aniridwa ndi akulu, ndichifukwa chake ma skuas a bulauni komanso mitundu ina ya nkhanu imatha kuwaukira. Amadziyalutsa anapiye onsewo ndi ndulu za penguin. Ma penguins olimbana si mbalame zopanda chitetezo. Ngakhale ali ochepa poyerekeza ndi amfumu komanso ma penguin amfumu, adalimba mtima podziteteza ndi ana. Amatha kuukira mdani, natambasula mapiko awo ndikufuula mokweza. Gulu la ma penguins akulira motero limawopa adani, chifukwa amachichotsa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kodi penguin wosokedwa amawoneka bwanji
Pamodzi ndi amfumu, ma galapagos ndi ma penguin amfumu, osungidwa nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chofuna kutha. Zaka za m'ma 2000 sizinali zabwino kwa ma penguins, chifukwa anthu anali kuwapha mwachangu chifukwa cha mafuta ndi nyama, komanso owonongera mazira. Zomwe zakutha kwa ma penguin opendekedwa masiku ano ndi motere - kufutukula kwa magawo azilimidwe, omwe ali pamgwirizano ndi malo okhala ma penguin osokonekera.
Zotsatira zake, mpweya woipa wamafuta womwe umakhudza chiyembekezo cha moyo komanso kuthekera kubereka. Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi achifwamba. Pali lingaliro kuti mafuta a penguin ali ndi katundu wochiritsa. Kusintha kwanyengo kumachitikanso. Ma penguin akutaya malo omwe akusefukira ndi mafunde atsopano. Chiwerengero cha nsomba ndi nkhono zam'madzi zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zamatsenga tsiku lililonse zimachepetsedwa. Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa zakudya komanso kusinthasintha kwanyengo, ma penguin amayamba kubereka nthawi zambiri - zowonda ziwiri zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, makamaka zinyalala za pulasitiki ndi mafuta, zimakhudzanso. Zachidziwikire, kuchuluka kwa nsomba, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pakudya kwa ma penguin ophatikizidwa, zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwawo. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero chonse cha ma penguin ophatikizidwa chimakhala ndi ma paki opitilira miliyoni ndi theka, ma subspecies ambiri ali pangozi. Zaka 20 zikubwerazi, kuchepetsa pafupifupi 70 peresenti kumayembekezeredwa.
Guard Crested Penguins
Chithunzi: Crested Penguin kuchokera ku Red Book
Zowopsa zimaphatikizidwa ndi ma subspecies: amwala, opindika, akulu, Schlegel penguin, tsitsi lagolide. Malo omwe ali pangozi: Kumpoto, kwakukulu. Monga mukuwonera, ngakhale pali kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma penguin ophatikizidwa, amakhala ndi masanjidwe kapena masamba omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Ena mwa anthuwa anali Chatham Crested Penguin, yemwe anazimiririka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Kutsika kopitilira kumapitilizabe.
Njira zazikulu zachitetezo ndi izi:
- kusamutsidwa kwa ma penguin kumalo otetezedwa,
- kudyetsa ma penguin,
- kubereka ma penguin muukapolo.
Chosangalatsa: Kusaka mbawala za baleen kunachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa krill, komwe kumakhudza bwino kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya ma penguin, kuphatikizapo otsala omwe amapezeka m'zigawo zakumpoto.
Ma penguins ogwidwa bwino amakhala m'malo osungira nyama, amasamalira mwaufulu pamenepo ndikupanga awiriawiri. Pomwe malo osungira nyama ndi njira yodalirika yosungira mtunduwu.
Crested Penguin - zowala komanso zachilendo. Pomwe amakhala m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi, koma tsopano asayansi ali ndi nkhawa ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chawo. Vuto losunga mbalame zamoyo zam'madzizi ndizolimba mtima.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Chochititsa chidwi ndi nthumwi za mitunduyi ndikuti, kuthana ndi zopinga, sizimayenda pamimba zawo ndipo sizimawuka mothandizidwa ndi mapiko, monga ma penguin ena. Amayesa kudumphira pamwala ndi ming'alu. Amasinthidwa mwangwiro. Ali ndi matupi oyenda ndi mapiko olimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azikhala othamanga. Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi krill komanso crustaceans ena. Amphaka, octopus, nsomba zimadyedwanso. Kuumba nyama mgodi, kumatha kulowa pansi mpaka mamita 100.
Malo osungira
Chiwerengero cha ma penguin osokonekera chikucheperachepera chaka ndi chaka. Zaka 30 zapitazi, yagwa ndi 34%. Mu Zilumba za Falkland pazaka 60 zapitazi, chiwerengero chatsika ndi 90%. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kukula kwa zokopa alendo ndi kuwononga chilengedwe. Kugulitsa ma squid am'madzi kumathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma penguin awa. Pakadali pano, mtunduwu umakhala ndi nkhawa.