Dengu la nsomba ku Russia, lomwe limapanga pafupifupi 40% ya nsomba za halibut, nsomba, pollock, cod ndi Western Kamchatka, ndi Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Mavuto azachilengedwe a mdera lino akutsutsa izi. Kubowoleza m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso chitukuko cha chuma cha dera la Far East ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko lathu. Koma sikuyenera zovuta za chilengedwe cha Nyanja ya Okhotsk, yomwe tikambirana mwachidule m'nkhaniyi.

Jiyo

Kuyambira 2014, ma kilomita 52 000 a Nyanja ya Okhotsk adapatsidwa Russia ku UN. Nyanja yolowera kudzikoli yathu imasiyanitsidwa ndi Pacific ndi zilumba za Hokkaido ndi Sakhalin, Peninsula ya Kamchatka ndi zilumba za Kuril. Dera lonse lanyanja ndi ma kilomita 1603,000, kuya kwake kuli pafupifupi mamiliyoni 4,000, ndipo pafupifupi 1780 metres. Kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Juni, gawo lakumpoto la nyanja limadzaza ndi madzi oundana. Cupid yodzaza ndi Cupid yaying'ono komanso Kukhtuy ndi Okhota amayenda munyanja. Munali dzina lachivomerezi pomwe linadzipatsa dzina, ngakhale kale linkatchedwa Lamsky ndi Kamchatsky.

Zizindikiro za Abiotic

Mphamvu yotentha yamadzi mu chirimwe ndi +10. +18 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - mpaka - 2 ° C. Izi zikugwira ntchito pamtunda, ndipo pakuya kupitirira 50 metres, madzi apakatikati amasunga kutentha kwamtunda kuzungulira, komwe ndi +1.7 ° C. Mchere wamadzi pamwamba umachokera pa 32.8 mpaka 33.8 peresenti. Pazipinda zapakatikati, mchere umakhala wokwera pang'ono (34,5%). M'madzi amtsinje wamadzi abwino, nthawi zambiri amaposa 30%. Dera laling'ono la Okhotsk, lomwe lili mbali ya bara la Europe, limathandizanso. Komabe, madera onsewa amadziwika ndi kukokoloka kwa madzi, mapiri pafupifupi 30 omwe amapezeka pano.

Mtengo wachuma

Awa ndi malo achikhalidwe komanso nsomba zam'madzi monga nkhanu ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Gawo la North Sea Route limadutsa Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Madoko akulu kwambiri a Far East ali pagombe lake: Magadan, Severo-Kurilsk, Korsakov (Sakhalin) ndi Okhotsk. Kudera lakunyanja la Sakhalin, zinthu zopangira hydrocarbon zikupangidwa. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwamakono, pali mafuta okwana matani 8 - 12 biliyoni. Izi ndi mpaka 12% yazinthu zonse zomwe zitha kubwezeretsedwanso mdziko muno zokhala mpaka 4% ya mphamvu zadziko lonse zama hydrocarbons.

Biota ya Nyanja ya Okhotsk

Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zilumba za Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi yolemera komanso yapadera. M'derali muli madera oposa 150 a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso zilumba 12 zam'nyanja. Chiwerengerochi chikuyandikira anthu 11 miliyoni, omwe akuimiridwa ndi mitundu 15. M'nyanja, mumakhala zisindikizo za ubweya, nyalugwe, zisindikizo, chinsomba chakumpoto (sperm whales, whales killer, ndi humpbacks). Pali nsomba za nsomba, katranas, mbola zingapo. Masheya akuluakulu (mpaka 200 mitundu), omwe akuimiridwa ndi pollock, cod, mitundu ingapo ya flounder, hering, salmon ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya nsomba, zimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zazikulu. Mitundu yayitali ya ma invertebrates (ma mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans) ndi zomera zambiri zam'nyanja zamchere zomwe zimathandizira pakupezeka mitundu.

Crab paradiso komanso phytoplankton wapadera

Nyanja iyi imakhala yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi m'matangadza amitundu yamitundu ina. 80% ya dziko lapansi yopanga nkhanu za Kamchatka imapangidwa mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Mavuto azachilengedwe amabweretsa izi pachilichonse, chifukwa ma crustaceans akuwonetsa kuyera kwamadzi. Kamchatka nkhanu pano limafika mita 1.5 m'litali mwendo ndipo limalemera mpaka kilogalamu 3. Phytoplankton amayimiridwa ndi ma diatoms. Nyanja ili ndi mtundu wa bulauni (kelp), red and green algae.

Zojambula ndi zofunikira za Nyanja ya Okhotsk

Dera louma la Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi 1603 miliyoni. km., kuya kwakutali ndi 3916 m, pakati ndi mamiliyoni 821. Masheya ogulitsa akuimiridwa ndi mitundu 40 ya nsomba, kuphatikizira nsomba zam'madzi, navaga, herring, pollock, cod. Salmon - chum nsomba, pinki nsomba, chinook nsomba, Seskeye nsomba zili ponseponse, pali mitengo yambiri ya nkhanu (1 malo padziko lapansi). Kuchokera pansi pa nyanja, yomwe ili ndi mpumulo wosiyanasiyana, mafuta ndi zinthu zopangira hydrocarbon zimachotsedwa. Njira zoyenda panyanja zimalumikiza Vladivostok ndi zilumba za Kuril. Zinthu zonsezi zimathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk zachilengedwe.

Kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta

Nyanja ya Okhotsk, makamaka, madzi otsukira Peninsula ya Kamchatka, mpaka pano amaonedwa kuti ndi oyera. Kukula kwakukulu, izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti kudera lino kulibe migodi komanso kukonza zinthu zopangira mchere, ndipo kulibe mabizinesi azinthu zowononga zachilengedwe.

Mitsinje yonse ya Kamchatka ndi malo osungirako pansi ali ndi michere yaying'ono, amawonetsedwa ndi boma lokwanira la okosijeni komanso kuwonongeka kochepa chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwazinthu zazikulu.

Mitsinje ya kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi madera akumadzulo imadutsa chigwa cha Western Kamchatka, momwe muli mitengo yambiri ya peat. Pamodzi ndi madzi otsetsereka, mitsinje imadzaza ndi zinyalala zambiri zamasamba, zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zodabwitsa. Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa mafuta mumitsinje kumachuluka, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakutsuka ndi mkuntho ndikusungunula madzi kuchokera malo osungirako mafuta ndi mafuta.

Kwenikweni, pali zochulukirapo za zinthu za mafuta m'malo omwe zombo zam'madzi zimakhala. Koma chifukwa cha machitidwe a mafunde, ma ebbs ndi mayendedwe ake, zomwe zimakhala m'madzi amachepetsa mwachangu, madzi samapitilira kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa zinthu zovulala pamtunda wa makilomita angapo kuchokera ku gwero lodetsa.

Ngozi zowopsa pakupanga kwa mafuta

Mpaka posachedwa, gombe la Nyanja ya Okhotsk, poyerekeza ndi madera ena a nyanja yaku Far East, lidakhalabe loyera komanso lopatsa zipatso zambiri. Komabe, zinthu zitha kusintha kwambiri zomwe zikuyembekezeka kufufuzidwa ndikupanga zinthu zamafuta, zomwe zikuwopseza kukulitsa kuipitsa kwa anthropogenic.

Zochita zoterezi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kusintha kwamadzi, mapangidwe ammudzi ndi kapangidwe kake, kuchepa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zachilengedwe komanso kuchepa kwa zokolola zazomera.

Hydrocarbon imadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chachikulu chamafutawokhoza kudziunjikira m'zamoyo, kukhala ndi poizoni. Zinthu zonunkhira zotumphukira pa ndende (maola a50-50 / 1 miliyoni madzi) ndizowopsa m'madzi ambiri. Mafuta osakhazikika, ngakhale m'magawo ochepa kwambiri, amadetsa pansi ndi zinyalala za planktonic.

Kuwunika kwa kafukufukuyu pakuwunika kwa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamafuta m'madzi a Nyanja ya Okhotsk kukuwonetsa kuwola pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa cha mafunde amphepo komanso mafunde, mafuta amayenda mtunda wautali, zomwe zimakhudza mkhalidwe wam'madera am'madzi omwe amachotsedwa mozama patali.

Kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwa zinthu zoyengedwa ndi mafuta oyeretsa omwe amapezeka kudera lanyanja, zombo zapamadzi, komanso kupanga mafuta kuchokera ku shelufu ya Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Kuwonongeka kwamadzi kumachitikanso kuchokera kuzinthu zamitsinje zomwe zimayenda munyanja. Mothandizidwa ndi mphepo komanso mafunde amphamvu, dera lalikulu la nyanja limakutidwa ndi filimu yamafuta.

Mavuto azachilengedwe amabwera chifukwa cha hydrocarbon yoopsa yomwe imakhala m'mafuta, yomwe imapangika pazinthu: mafuta osakhwima, ngakhale m'malo osasamala, zoopsa za m'madzi za m'madzi.

Chifukwa chofulumira kuyeretsa panyanja, kuwonongeka kwa mafuta kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira:

• Kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka madzi nyanja,
• kuchepa kwa nsomba ndi zina zam'madzi,
• kuchepa kwa zokolola zam'nyanja.

Zinthu zamafuta m'madzi

Njira yakumpoto kwa Nyanja Yodutsa imadutsa kunyanja, ndipo mavuto azachilengedwe a Nyanja ya Okhotsk sikuti amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa sitima ndi akasinja m'madzi ake. Zotengera zimasokoneza kwambiri chilengedwe m'malo osiyanasiyana. Uku ndikusintha kwamadambo, maginito, ma radiation, magetsi ndi mafuta m'munda wamadzi. Mavuto azachilengedwe a Nyanja ya Okhotsk amachitika chifukwa cha zinyalala za m'nyumba ndi mafakitole, madzi akumwa ndi zinthu zopangira mafuta. Ngakhale kutumiza sikuli vuto lalikulu, simuyenera kulemba izi.

Kodi ndi chiani chomwe chimayambitsa zovuta zachilengedwe mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk?

Kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya

Magalimoto amadzi, kuphatikiza akasinja, zombo zankhondo, zonyamula katundu ndi zonyamula anthu, zonyamula nsomba ndi nsomba, ndi zina zotere, kukhala mu chilengedwe cha Nyanja ya Okhotsk, zitha kuonedwa ngati njira zamakono zopangira zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi ngozi yakusokoneza chilengedwe.

Akatswiri azindikira magawo khumi azovuta zoyipa zam'madzi pamlengalenga, chilengedwe ndi ma hydrosphere:

1. m'munda wamatsenga
2. maginito,
3. gawo la radiation
4. gawo lamagetsi,
5. munda wamafuta
6. zinyalala zapakhomo,
7. zinyalala zamafuta
8. madzi oyipa,
9. madzi ambiri mafuta,
10. mafuta oyaka,

Ngakhale kuti sitima zapamadzi sizimatsogolera pakuwononga chilengedwe, mtundu uwu waukadaulo suyenera kunyalanyazidwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ntchito zam'madzi ndi zombo zonyamula anthu m'malo ochepa a Nyanja ya Okhotsk.

Onerani kanemayoNyanja ya Okhotsk

Kukula kwanyanja

Kupanga kwa haidrocarbon m'malo a alumali a Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi vuto lachilengedwe lachilengedwe. Mabungwe azachilengedwe a Sakhalin ndi Kamchatka adayesetsa kuyesa kudalitsa mabungwe a boma ndi anthu onse ku zoopsa zomwe zikutitsogolera. Mavuto azachilengedwe a Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi njira zowathetsera amakhudzidwa makamaka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dziko lili pamakampani oyendetsa mafuta. Kupatula apo, hydrocarbon - mafuta omwe amapangira poizoni - amadziunjikira m'magazi, ndipo ngakhale pakumizidwa kwa magawo 5-50 pamadzi 1 miliyoni, ndizowopsa m'madzi apamadzi. Ndipo mafuta osakhazikika mumtundu wocheperako amapha chachikulu pamtengowo - chomera chotsika ndi nyama.

Kuyang'anira zachilengedwe zopanda pake

Kusodza kosakoma ndi kuwononga nsomba kumabweretsa mavuto ku Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Uku ndikuphwanya mfundo zokhudzana ndi usodzi komanso zochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe akupanga. Pakalipano masiku ano, nkhanu za crustaceans (Kamchatka crab), nsomba (East Sakhalin pink salmon) ndi mitundu ina yambiri yamalonda sizikuyenda bwino. Ntchito zamalamulo zomwe zachitika posachedwa ku Obwera kwa Sakhalin zikuganiza zochepetsa komanso kuchepetsa ntchito zophera nsomba za m'mafakitale ndi zakudya zam'nyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira mu 2014, nkhondo yolimbana ndi kupha nsomba yawonjezedwa pano.

Zolengedwa zodabwitsa za Nyanja ya Okhotsk

Kudera lino lokha ndi zolengedwa zingapo zodabwitsa zomwe anthu ochepa amadziwa. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri wanyanja wa Epulo. Nyama yosowa kwambiri yomwe imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja imadya nsomba ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Kupatula apo, ndizodziwika kwa okhala m'deralo kuchokera kuwonongeka kwa mabwato komanso kuvulala kwa anthu osambira pamadzi. Gulu la nyama zing'onozing'onozi limenya galu wamkulu ndipo amatha kulidya. Kapena ng'ombe yam'madzi yam'madzi yam'nyanja - catfish (banja la nsomba), yomwe imadziwikanso osiyanasiyana. Osamadya, koma amaluma ndikuphwanya wetsuit. Kapena cholengedwa chodabwitsa komanso chosowa - nkhaka yam'nyanja. Trepang (echinoderms of the holothurian genus), pangozi, amadziponyera mdani ndi zotupa zawo zakupha. Mphamvu zawo poizoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu popanga mankhwala ndi zida zina zowonjezera.

Zambiri za Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi zovuta zachilengedwe za Pacific zikuyang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu aboma. Poganizira kufunikira kwa dera lino mu gawo lazamalonda ndi mphamvu zachuma mdziko lino, kuwonjezera pamapulogalamu amderalo pofuna kuteteza zachilengedwe, kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yachilengedwe ndikuyembekezeranso.

Kuwonongeka kwa nyukiliya

Ngozi yomwe ingakhalepo yoyipitsidwa ndi ma radiyo imayimiriridwa ndi zinthu zoyatsidwa ndi madzi ndi madzi osefukira chifukwa cha kutaya kwa zotchingira. Milandu yodziwika:

1. Mu 1987, malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi a radioisotope adanyamulidwa ndi helikopita kupita kumalo opepuka a nyali, omwe, chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe anakumana nazo paulendowu, anaponyedwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk pafupi ndi Sakhalin. Pambuyo pazaka 4, dipatimenti yankhondo idalamulidwa kupeza chipangizocho, koma sichinakwaniritsidwe.
2. Mu 1997, oyendetsa ndege wamba adaponya chitsime chotentha (RTG) m'dera lamadzi pafupi ndi Cape Mariazokhudzana ndi gulu loyamba la ngozi. Jenereta idachotsedwa munyanja mu 2007.
3. Malinga ndi ogwira ntchito ku Kurchatov Institute Research Center, ma RTG ena 39 adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusefukira kwa madzi mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk kuphwanya zofunika zachilengedwe.

Zinyalala zama radioase zomwe zidasefukira mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk zikhala zowopsa ku Russia kwa zaka 600-800. Komabe, ndizosatheka kuneneratu zokhuza kukhudzika kwa madzi osefukira pa chilengedwe cha Nyanja ya Okhotsk komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu chifukwa chakusowa kwa data pazomwe ali.

Kufotokozera Za Nyanja ya Okhotsk

Dziwe ili limatsukidwa m'mphepete mwa Russia ndi Japan. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi Pacific Ocean ndi Kamchatka Peninsula, Kuril Islands ndi chilumba cha Hokkaido. Koma sichimawerengedwa ngati nyanja yam'madzi, ngakhale imangolankhula ndi madzi am'nyanja kudzera pamavuto. Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi imodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri ku Russia: kuya kwake kumafikira pafupifupi 4 km. Dera losungiramo lilinso lalikulu - makilomita oposa chikwi chimodzi ndi theka. Gawo lonse lakumpoto la nyanja limakutidwa ndi ayezi kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi, yomwe imasinthanitsa zochitika za usodzi ndi zolumikizira. Kummwera chakum'mawa, kufupi ndi gombe la Japan, Nyanja ya Okhotsk pafupifupi siyimazizira ndipo madzi ake ali ndi nsomba zambiri komanso masamba. Chodabwitsa cha chosungirachi chimaphatikizanso chidziwitso chakuti gombe lake ndilabwino kwambiri komanso limakhala ndi njira zambiri. Madera ena ndi osavomerezeka pamadyekedwe, omwe amachititsa namondwe wamkuntho komanso tsunami. Mitsinje itatu yayikulu - Amur, Okhota ndi Kukhtuy - imayenda mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Mavuto ake azachilengedwe amakhudzidwanso ndi malo omwe amayenda.

Zambiri zachigawo chino

Nyanja ya Okhotsk siili ndi nsomba zambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwake. Komabe kusodza kumakhaladi kotheka. Zambiri za Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi zovuta zachilengedwe zamderali ndizogwirizana kwambiri. Zowonadi, ndi chifukwa cha zombo zophera nsomba ndi kupanga mafuta komwe chilengedwechi chikuvutika. Nsomba zam'madzi zamtengo wapatali zimagwidwa m'derali: navagu, pollock, herring, flounder. Pali mitundu yambiri ya nsomba - chum, nsomba za pinki, nsomba za Coho ndi ena. Kuphatikiza apo, mumapezeka nkhanu zam'madzi zotchuka kwambiri m'maiko ambiri, pali squid ndi nyanja urchins. Pali nyama zoyamwitsa zapamadzi mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk: zisindikizo, zisindikizo, zisindikizo za ubweya ndi anamgumi. Zomera zofiira ndi zofiirira ndizofala, zomwe zimakhalanso zofunikira kwambiri pakupha nsomba.Madipoziti a mafuta ndi gasi, komanso zitsulo zina zosowa, amapezeka m'malo ochezera.

Zinyama ndi zomera

Mavuto azachilengedwe a Nyanja ya Okhotsk amakhudzana makamaka chifukwa mitundu ina ya nsomba ndi nyama zam'madzi zikutha. Makamaka omwe amakhudzidwa ndi zinsomba ndi zisindikizo za ubweya, zomwe zinatsala pang'ono kuthetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kuba komanso kuba. Mitundu yamitundu yofunikira ya nsomba zamalonda, makamaka nsomba, nayo yachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi komanso chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa madzi am'nyanja ndi zinthu zamafuta, mtengo wawo wamalonda wapezeka wotsika kwambiri. Zochitika zachilengedwe zowonongeka zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa algae omwe amakololedwa pazosowa zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo.

Malangizo ku Nyanja ya Okhotsk

Anayamba kukambirana za chilengedwe cha m'derali kokha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Inali panthawiyi pomwe akatswiri azachilengedwe amawomba alarm chifukwa chakuwonjezera kuyipitsidwa kwamafuta amadzi. Kuphatikiza pa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi mavuto azachilengedwe pazaka zambiri, zosankha zingapo zayikidwa patsogolo kuti zithandizire bwino mderalo.

- adapempha kuti asinthe Kamchatka ndi madzi oyandikana nawo kuti akhale malo osungiramo magetsi opezeka padziko lonse lapansi mndandanda wamalo otetezedwa acholowa padziko lapansi,

- Chidziwitso china ndikumanganso dziko lonse la Kamchatka ndi kulipulumutsa ku magawo osapindulitsa,

- Amakhulupirira kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kupatsa Nyanja ya Okhotsk mwayi wokhala panyanja yaku Russia Federation. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa mavuto ambiri: usodzi wosaloledwa, kuwonongeka kwamadzi ndi sitima zamayiko ena,

- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zam'madzi - kuba.

Pokhapokha mutayandikira kwambiri yankho la mavuto amderalo, mutha kupulumutsa chilengedwe cha Nyanja ya Okhotsk.

Kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta

Madzi oyambilira a Nyanja ya Okhotsk amadziwika kuti ndi oyera. Pakadali pano, zinthu zasintha chifukwa chopanga mafuta. Vuto lalikulu lam'nyanja ndi kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi zinthu zamafuta. Chifukwa cha mafuta kulowa m'malo amadzi, kapangidwe kake ndi kasinthidwe ka madzi, kupangika kwa nyanja ya bio kumachepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nsomba ndi anthu ambiri am'madzi akuchepa. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumachitika chifukwa cha hydrocarbon, yomwe ndi gawo la mafuta, chifukwa imatha kuyambitsa zovuta pazamoyo. Koma njira yodziyeretsera pang'onopang'ono. Mafuta amawola m'madzi am'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha mphepo komanso mafunde amphamvu, mafuta amafalikira ndikuphimba madera ambiri am'madzi.

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Mitundu ina yakuipitsa

Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta amapopera kuchokera ku alumali a Nyanja ya Okhotsk, miyala ya mchere yomwe imapangidwa pano. Mitsinje ingapo ikamayenda munyanja, madzi akuda amathiramo. Dera lamadzi lidetsedwa ndi mafuta ndi mafuta. Zinyumba zam'mudzimo ndi mafakitale zimaponyedwa mumitsinje ya Okhotsk, yomwe imakulitsa gawo la chilengedwe.

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Sitima zosiyanasiyana, ma sitima ndi sitima zimasokoneza boma panyanja, makamaka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta osiyanasiyana. Magalimoto apamadzi amatulutsa poizoniyu ndi kuipitsidwa kwa maginito, magetsi ndi ziphuphu. Simalo omaliza pamndandanda uwu ndiipitsidwa ndi zinyalala za m'nyumba.

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Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi gawo la zachuma ku Russia. Chifukwa chogwira ntchito ndi anthu, makamaka opanga mafakitale, kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa hydraulic system kudasokonekera. Ngati anthu sasintha malingaliro awo pakapita nthawi, ndikuyamba kuthana ndi mavutowa, pali mwayi wakuwonongeratu nyanja.

Kuipitsa nyanja

Mayendedwe amadzi amawonedwa ngati gwero laukadaulo. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha sitima ndi akasitima chimadutsa Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Izi ndichifukwa choti kudzera mwa iwo pomwe njira ya North Sea Route imanama. Sitima zapamadzi ndi sitima zapamadzi zimasokoneza chilengedwe.

Zowonongeka zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya ma acoustic, maginito, ma radiation, minda yamagetsi ndi yamafuta m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta opangira mafuta amatayidwa. Dera la Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi laling'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka madzi kumachuluka chaka chilichonse, chifukwa iyi ndi njira yokhayo yolankhulirana ndi zilumba za Kuril, Sakhalin Island ndi Kamchatka.

40% ya asodziyi ndiyokhazikitsidwa pa nsomba zam'nyanja zochokera ku Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Zombo zophera nsomba ndi nsomba zimagwira ntchito kumeneko. Kuphatikiza apo, akasinja, zombo zankhondo ndi sitima zonyamula katundu, zombo zonyamula anthu zomwe zimadutsa mu North Sea Route zimakhala ndi zotsutsa.

Kuwonongeka kwa biogeocenosis chifukwa cha usodzi

Kuwonongeka kwa chuma cha Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi mavuto azachilengedwe ndi malingaliro awiri olumikizana.

Pa gawo, nthawi ya usodzi imaphwanyidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchotsera kumapitiliranso.

Muli mitundu yamitundu ya nsomba: navaga, pollock, herring, flounder. Komanso, nthumwi za nsomba za salmon zimakhalamo: chum, nsomba za pinki, nsomba za Coho ndi ena. Nyanja ya Okhotsk m'maiko ena imatchedwa crab paradiso. Pafupifupi 80% ya dziko lapansi yopanga nkhanu za Kamchatka imapangidwa ndendende m'madzi a nyanja iyi.

Omwe amakhala m'madzi ndi odziwika chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Imafika pamtunda wa 1.5 metres, ndipo unyinjiwo umaposa 3 kg. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayi ndi ma urin amnyanja zimakhalamo. Zoyimilira zimayimiridwa ndi zisindikizo, zisindikizo, zisindikizo za ubweya ndi anamgumi. Mtundu wofiirira ndi wofiira umathanso kudziwika ngati chuma chamtengo wapatali.

Popeza kuti crustaceans ndi chizindikiro cha kuyera kwamadzi, nkhanu zimawopsezedwa kuti zitha. Kuphatikiza apo, andibwi amathandizira izi, zomwe zimachepetsa mitundu ya mitundu yamalonda yamadzi am'madzi.

Nyanjayi ndi yofunika kwambiri pazogulitsa ndi mphamvu zachuma cha Russia. Masiku ano, sikuti mapulogalamu akumadera otetezedwa a chilengedwe cha chilengedwe amakhudzidwa, koma kukhazikitsa dongosolo lazachilengedwe lofunikanso kwakukulu.

Njira zothanirana ndi mavuto azachilengedwe

Kuzindikira kuopsa kwa vuto lomwe likubwera kumene kunabweranso chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Kuganizira mavuto azachilengedwe masiku ano kumachitika ku feduro ndipo kumafuna ndalama zazikulu. Njira zothetsera mavuto a chilengedwe cha Nyanja ya Okhotsk:

• kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi nthawi yomwe asodzi akuwedza, kuchepetsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zida kuti muwone kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa asitikali apamadzi,
• Kupanga malo othandizira kupangira ma mollusks, shrimp, algae, omwe ndi oyeretsa madzi achilengedwe,
• kukhazikitsa matekinoloje oyenga m'mphepete mwa nyanja,
• kuwunika zotayidwa kwamadzi otayidwa, kumanga osonkolera malinga ndi zolembedwa,
• kupanga lamba wamtchire kuti muchepetse kulowa kwa feteleza waulimi kumadzi.

Kunyalanyaza mavutowa kudzakhudza ma microflora apamadzi a Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi madzi padziko lonse lapansi.

Aliyense ali ndi mlandu wodetsa zachilengedwe. Kuzindikira kukula kwa zinthuzo ndi theka la kuchita bwino. Njira yokhayo yofunika kupeza mayankho ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito ndi yomwe ingathandize kupewa mavuto azachilengedwe padziko lapansi ndikupulumutsa chilengedwe cha Nyanja ya Okhotsk.