Mbala ya Orizias (lat.Oryzias woworae) kapena nsomba yampunga ndi nsomba yaying'ono, yowala komanso yopanda chidwi yomwe imakhala pachilumba cha Sulawesi ndipo ndiwopanda tanthauzo. Ngakhale kuti imapezeka m'chilengedwe malo amodzi okha, ma oryzias akuba atha kusintha mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana mu aquarium.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Pakadali pano, malo amodzi okha a mbala yodziwika bwino ndi omwe amadziwika. Awa ndi Mata air Fotuno creek mdera la Paris, Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi district.
Mwinanso malowa ndi ofala, popeza madera ena sanafufuzidwe bwino. Sulawesi ndi nkhokwe ya mitundu 17 yotsalira.
Neon oryzias amakhala m'mitsinje yamadzi oyera, 80% yomwe imayenda pansi pa chipewa chambiri cha mitengo yotentha, ndipo pansi pake amaphimbidwa ndi dothi, mchenga ndi masamba ogwa.
O. woworae adagwidwanso m'madziwe, akuya mamita 3-4, komwe amakhala ndi Nomorhamphus. Madzi m'madzi achilengedwe amakhala ndi acidity ya pH 6.0 - 7.0.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 25-30 mm, komwe kumapangitsa nsomba zamapunga kukhala imodzi mwa oimira ang'ono kwambiri a oryzias, komabe, palinso mitundu yaying'ono yomwe imapezeka ku Sulawesi.
Thupi la nsomba ndi siliva-buluu, zipsepse zamakutu ndizofiyira, mchira umawonekera.
Ma dorsal fin ndi ochepa ndipo amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi caudal.
Popeza nsomba zamphaka zili ponseponse padziko lonse lapansi, zimakhala m'madzi abwino komanso osakhwima, amatha kusinthika kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, medaka kapena nsomba zampunga za ku Japan, zimakhala ku Japan, Korea, China, ndi Javanese pachilumba chonse cha Java, mpaka ku Thailand.
Koma bwanji za wakuba, chifukwa ndiophulika, ndipo amakhala pachilumba cha Sulawesi chokha? Ndiwosazindikira kotero kuti nthawi zambiri imasinthika bwino m'madzi am'deralo, ndikokwanira kungoyitchinjiriza ndikuchotsa chlorine ndi zosafunika zina.
Amakhala ndi nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi, nano-aquariums, zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsamba, mwachitsanzo, herbalists okhala ndi mosses. Nthawi zambiri m'malo am'madzi oterewa mulibe fayilo yamkati. Ndipo ili silili vuto, ndikokwanira kubwereza gawo lamadzi m'malo amadzimadzi ndikuchotsa nitrate ndi ammonia.
Amasanjanso kutentha kwa madzi, 23-272 C m'malo mwake. Magawo abwino osunga nsomba za mpunga ndi awa: pH: 6.0 - 7.5, kuuma 90 - 268 ppm.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira chinthu chimodzi, akuba amphawi! Madzi akuyenera kuphimbidwa, mwina atha kufa.
Izi nsomba zikuwoneka kuti zabadwira m'mizinda yaying'ono; Siyani malo omasuka pakati ndikubzala m'mphepete ndi mbewu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo omwe kutuluka kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kapena kulibe, choncho ndibwino kupewa kusefedwa kwamphamvu mu aquarium, kapena kuigawaniza chimodzimodzi, kudzera pa chitoliro.
Mu malo osungirako nyama oterowo, gululo limakhala nthawi yayitali tsiku lotalika pakati, pafupi ndi galasi lakutsogolo, kudikirira gawo lotsatira la chakudya.
Kugwirizana
Zopanda vuto lililonse, zoyenera ma aquariums wamba ndi ma aquariums ang'onoang'ono. Amuna amatha kupanga ndewu chifukwa cha akazi, koma amadutsa popanda kuvulala.
Ndikofunika kusunga mu paketi, kuchokera ku nsomba zisanu ndi zitatu, zokhala ndi mitundu ina yamtendere, mwachitsanzo, ndi barbus ya cherry, neon, parsing ndi tetra yaying'ono.
Ndikofunika kuti musaphatikize ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zamapunga, chifukwa ma hybridization ndi otheka.
Kuswana
Zingokhala ndi zowetchera ngakhale m'madzi wamba, zazikazi zimayikira mazira 10-20 masiku angapo, nthawi zina tsiku lililonse.
Kutulutsa kumayamba m'mawa kwambiri, kwamphongo ndi utoto wowoneka bwino ndikuyamba kuteteza malo ochepa kwa amuna ena, ndikumayitanira akazi pamenepo.
Kubalalika kumatha kukhala miyezi ingapo, ndikusokoneza masiku angapo.
Caviar ndi yomata, ndipo nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati mtanda womwe wamatira kwa mkaziyo ndipo amasambira nawo kwa maola angapo.
Amuna atatenga manyowa, wamkazi amasambira mumadzi ndi mazira mpaka mazira amamatira ku mbewu kapena zinthu zina m'madzimo.
Zomera zokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, monga Javanese moss kapena kabomba kutuluka kwa mbala, ndizabwino, koma ulusi wopanga ulinso wabwino.
Nthawi ya makulidwe imatengera kutentha kwa madzi ndipo imatha kupitilira masabata 1-3.
Ngakhale makolo samanyalanyaza caviar, amatha kudya mwachangu, ndipo ngati zichitika mu malo wamba okhala, mbewu zambiri zazing'ono zofunikira zimawapatsa malo okhala. Mutha kusinthanso mwachangu mu malo ena okhala ndi madzi odzazidwa ndi madzi wamba.
Chakudya choyambirira cha mwachangu ndi microworm ndi dzira, ndipo amatha kudya Artemia nauplii patatha sabata limodzi atabadwa, popeza amakula msanga.
Popewa cannibalism, mwachangu a kukula kwakukulu amasankhidwa bwino.
Kanema wampunga
Orizias Vovara ndi kansomba kakang'ono kamene asodzi a m'madzi amangophunzira mu 2010. Anapezeka ku Indonesia ndipo adafotokozeredwa koyamba ndi wasayansi wazomera Daisy Vovor, pomupatsa ulemu nsomba yomwe idatchulidwa. 'Oryzias' amatanthauzira ngati mpunga - mamembala ena amtundu wamtundu amakhala m'minda ya mpunga. Neon oryzia akufotokozedwa ndipo amadziwika m'dera limodzi lokha, ndi mtsinje wotchedwa 'Mata air Fotuno' pachilumba cha Muna, Southeast Sulawesi (chigawo cha Tengara). Komabe, ndizotheka kuti mawonekedwewo ali ndi malo ambiri. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti, Sulawesi ndi gawo la mitundu ya mitundu ya Orizia - pafupifupi mitundu 20 ya nyama yomwe ilimo imakhalako. Pakadali pano, malo amodzi okha a mbala yodziwika bwino ndi omwe amadziwika. Awa ndi Mata air Fotuno creek mdera la Paris, Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi district. Mwinanso malowa ndi ofala, popeza madera ena sanafufuzidwe bwino. Mitsinje yamadzi oyera amayenda m'nkhalango yotentha, ndipo pansi pake pamakutidwa ndi dothi, mchenga ndi masamba ogwa.
Thupi la nsomba zamkaka limakwezedwa ndikukazungunuka pambuyo pake, kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kumayatsidwa. Maluso ang'onoang'ono a dorsal abwezeretsedwanso mmbuyo, ndipo zomaliza ndi zochulukirapo. Thupi la Oryzias ndilosinthika komanso mithunzi ya imvi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowoneka bwino pogwidwa ndi kuwala kwa kuwala, nsomba imatchedwa neon oryzias. Mimba pansipa ndi zipsepse zamakongoleti amapaka utoto wofiyira. Pamaluso a caudal pamakhala kusintha kofiyira. Amuna achikulire ndi owoneka bwino komanso okongola kwambiri, okhala ndi ziphuphu zazitali okhala ndi mikondo yozungulira ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe owonda thupi kuposa achikazi. Ziphuphu zachimuna za abambo zimapanga chubu lalifupi - gonopodia, pomwe mwa akazi ali ndi miyendo iwiri. Amuna ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi achikazi, owonda kwambiri, ali ndi mtundu wowala, kuphatikiza, ali ndi malekezero owoneka ngati zipsepse. M'malo am'madzi, kukula kwa nsomba kumafika: amuna - 3 cm, akazi 3.5 cm.
Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi imapezeka m'chilengedwe m'malo amodzi, ma oryzias akuba amatha kusinthana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana mu aquarium. Zowona, mtundu wake umazirala m'madzi olimba. Nsomba zampunga zimadya artemia ndikudula machubu, ma nyini am'magazi, michere. Orizias ndi amtendere kwambiri, kuphatikiza apo, atakhala ndi kukula kocheperako, adzakhala oyenera amitundu yambiri. Molimba mtima, zowopsa za akuba - koma amachita kwambiri pagulu la anthu 8 kapena kuposerapo.
Izi nsomba ndizosangalatsa kwambiri mwachilengedwe cha kubereka kwawo. Amapsa m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pakusaka nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito malo okhala ndi ma 12-15 lita okhala ndi mbewu zoyandama pamtunda. Madzi azikhala ofewa, makamaka peaty. Kutulutsa kumachitika pakatha chibwenzi champhamvu champhongo cha mkazi. Yaimuna imanyowa mazira nthawi yokumbatira, pomwe yamphongo imatseka thupi la mkazi ndi chimaliro chake chachikulu.
Kuchokera mazira 12 mpaka 35, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi zingwe zopyapyala, amayimitsidwa ngati mulu wazipatso pakutseka kwa maliseche aakazi. Amasiya thupi la mzimayi, mazira amapachika pamimba pake pazingwe zazifupi zowongoka, zomwe, panthawi yopanga mazira, mwina atakhala gawo la chingwe cholumikizira. Yaikazi imasambira ndi caviar kwakanthawi, mpaka katunduyo atataya, kugwira china chake. Yaikazi imapangira mazira ku mbewu, pomwe imapachika masiku 3-10, ndipo nthawi zina masabata awiri, ndiye kuti amaswedwa, yomwe imatha kudya ma ciliates. Artemia imangotengedwa kwa masiku 4-5. Kukula kwa mwachangu ndi spasmodic, kenako amakula, ndiye amasiya kukula.
Habitat
A Thoris Orisias amakhala ku Indonesia, mdera la Mata Air Fotuno, lomwe limayenda kumwera kwa chigawo cha Southeast Sulawesi, pachilumba cha Muna. Pafupifupi mitundu 20 ya nsomba zamapunga imakhala pano. Mchombo umanyamula madzi ake kudzera m'nkhalango yokongola. Pansi pa mtsinjewo muli mchenga, matope, mizu yamatanda, masamba agwa ndi mabatani.
Asayansi amati achifwamba amaolawa amakhala m'malo ena okhala ku Indonesia. Sizothekera kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa, popeza pali madera ambiri omwe sanaphunziridwe pang'ono ku zilumba zaku Mala.
Kukonzekera kwa Aquarium
Kwa nsomba zamapunga, aquarium yokhala ndi malita 35 kapena kupitilira ndi yoyenera. Aquarium iyenera kutseka ndi chivindikiro, monga oryzias imakonda kudumphira m'madzi.
Ngati mukufuna kutengera ziweto zanu - pezani malo kwa iwo omwe ali pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito dothi lamchenga, miyala yokutidwa ndi moss ndi driftwood. Zomera zili mozungulira gawo lachifumu komanso pamwamba pake.
PAKUTI: Pansi pamtunda wa Mata Air Fotuno, womwe umakhala nsomba za mpunga, umakutidwa ndi masamba okugwa. Ngati mukufuna kupanga malo abwino kwa ziweto zanu, ponyani masamba angapo owuma m'madzi.
Oryzias woworae amamva bwino mu gulu la anthu 6-8 amtundu wake. Ikasungidwa yokha, nsomba imakhala yopumula komanso yamanyazi, nthawi yake ya moyo imachepetsedwa.
Magawo amadzi
Kwa oryzias, magawo amadzi otsatirawa ndi oyenera kwambiri:
- kutentha 23-27 ° C,
- acidity ya magawo 5-7.5,
- kuuma kwa magawo 5-15,
- pafupipafupi komanso osasinthika,
- kusintha kwa sabata mpaka 25% ya madzi.
Ngati magawo amadzi ali oyenera ziweto zazing'ono, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe ake a neon adzakhala owala komanso otalika. Ngati thupi la nsomba ya mpunga latha, ndiye kuti mwana samva bwino.
ZOFUNIKIRA: Ngati oryzias ndi wotumbululuka, onjezani madzi amvula kapena mchere ku aquarium pamlingo wa 1 gramu pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Izi zithandiza kuti nsomba ichitenso msanga komanso kuthana ndi mavuto.
Kudyetsa
Ory nsomba zamchenga zimapereka mitundu yonse yazakudya m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Nyongolotsi ndi ma bumbu amaperekedwa mosamala, chifukwa nsomba sizigaya bwino zakudya izi. Nthawi zina ziweto zimasungidwa ndi ma cocktails kuchokera ku youma, masamba ndi chakudya chamoyo. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kuzakudya, zomwe zimaphatikizapo algae.
ZOFUNIKIRA: Ngati mudyetsa oryzi wakuba ndi chakudya chouma, ndiye kuti mtundu wake umazirala pakapita nthawi. Kuti abwerere ku ziweto zawo zakale zokongola zimafunikira kuwonjezera zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Anthu oyandikana ndi a Aquarium
Mbala ya Orizias ili ndi chikhalidwe chokonda mtendere ndipo imagwirizana bwino ndi oimira mitundu ina omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe ofanana.
Abwino oyandikana nawo nsomba za mpunga ndi:
- ndima
- makasitomala,
- zitsulo zamagalasi asanu ndi atatu,
- mitundu yaying'ono yamvula
- m'misewu yaying'ono,
- nsomba zamatcheni
- loricaria yaying'ono,
- shrimp caridine ndi neocaridine.
PAKUTI: Aurizias amatha nthawi yawo yambiri m'madzi apamwamba. Chifukwa chake, zimagwirizana bwino ndi Antsistruses, corridor, loricaria ndi nsomba zina zam'munsi.
Kuswana
Orisias wa mbala mosavuta wobala mu ukapolo. Kutulutsa nsomba ndikuyika mazira m'mawa. Mitundu yaimuna imachita khungu, iye amayesa kunyengerera chachikaziyo ndikuyendetsa amuna ena kwa iye.
Tsiku lililonse, wamkazi amameza mazira 10 mpaka 20, omwe amasilira kwakanthawi pansi pamimba pake. Pakapita kanthawi, amasaka mazira okhathamira pamasamba a mbewu.
Tizilombo tikatulutsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambira, ndiye kuti opangawo akuyenera kuwaika m'chipinda chambiri atangoyikira mazira.
Fry yemwe waswedwa kumene amayenera kupita nawo ku malo ena osyanasiyana, apo ayi amakhala chakudya chamadzulo cha makolo awo. Makanda ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi infusoria, ndipo kuyambira sabata limodzi - ndi nauplii ndi artemia.
Chifukwa chake, mawu a mbala amasangalatsa mbuye wakeyo ndi mzimu wofatsa ndi wopanda manyazi. Nsombazo zimazolowera msanga komanso zimaberekanso mosavuta muukapolo. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, mwana uyu amakhala m'madzi azaka 4 mpaka 4.
Malamulo Okhatikiza
Mbala za Orizias zimatha kusinthana ndi madzi oyera, kapena madzi akumwa. Amasungidwa m'malo am'madzi a mayiko osiyanasiyana, komwe nyengo yake imatha kukhala yotentha kapena yotentha. Nsomba zampunga zaku Japan zimatha kupezeka m'malo am'madzi ku Korea, Japan, ndi China. Oryzias woworae Javanese amagulitsidwa kokha ku Thailand.
Mbala ya Orizias, yemwe akuchokera pachilumba cha Sulawesi, chifukwa chodzimana chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro, akhoza kukhala mu nyengo yathu (nyengo yotentha). Ndikofunika kusungabe kutentha komanso kuyera kwamadzi. Nsomba zampunga zitha kuyikidwa mu nano-aquarium, thanki yaying'ono yokhala ndi zomera, mbewa, zokongoletsera ndi malo okhala. Kusanjidwa ndikosankha koma koyenera kupitilirabe ukhondo. Nthawi ndi nthawi muzisintha madzi 20% mwatsopano, onetsetsani kuchuluka kwa ammonia ndi nitrate mu dziwe.
Magawo olimbikitsidwa kuti asungidwe mu aquarium: kutentha kwa madzi 23-27 о о, kuuma - 4-18 dH, acidity - 6.0-7.5 pH. Phimbani thankiyo kuti nsomba zisakhale pansi. Siyani pakatikati pa aquarium kuti musambire, ndikudzala makhoma m'mbali mwa tchire la zomera zam'madzi. Mutha kusankha mbewa (Javanese, Thai), mitengo yoyandama, zomera zazitali. Siziwononga zobiriwira - sizimadula kapena kuwononga pansi.
Zosefera mkatikati mwa aquarium siziyenera kukhala zamphamvu - oryzias sakonda kutuluka kofulumira. Gulu la nsomba limasambira pamlingo wamadzi ambiri, ndipo pagalasi lakutsogolo, kudikirira kudyetsa kotsatira. Mudera lakuthengo, nsomba za mpunga zimakonda kugwira tizilombo, kudya filimu yachilengedwe kuchokera pamadzi, kuyang'ana mazira a nsomba zina. Zoyimira za Aquarium sizimasiya chakudya chokhacho, chochita kupanga komanso chisanu. Chakudyacho chizikhala chaching'ono, chifukwa mkamwa mwa wakuba amatenga pakamwa pang'ono.
Nsomba za mpunga zimakhala ndi mwamtendere komanso modekha, motero zimatha kukhazikitsidwa mu aquarium wamba ndi mitundu yaying'ono ya nsomba. Pakati pawo, amuna Oryzias woworae amatha kumenyera chidwi cha akazi, koma kuvulala sikupeza. Ndikwabwino kusungitsa gulu la nsomba 8-10; muzikhala nokha, nsomba sizikhala zopanda nkhawa komanso zochepetsa, zomwe zimachepetsa moyo wake. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikika ndi neon, paping, tetra yaying'ono. Ngati mukukhazikika ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zamapunga, ndizotheka kupeza ana osakanizidwa, omwe ndi osayenera.
Onani malo am'madzi ndi akuba ndi shrimp ofiira.
Momwe mungaberekedwere mu aquarium wamba?
Orisiase imatha kubereka mu malo wamba osambira, ngati mulibe momwemo. Komabe, zimatha kubereka kwa miyezi yambiri, motero moyo woyenera ayenera kupangidwira ana a nsomba. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi kufika pa 26-27 ° C. Masabata angapo asanatulutse, opanga amafunika kudyetsedwa chakudya chamomwemo.
Kuberekanso kumachitika m'mawa, abambo akakhala owala, ndikuteteza madera awo pazanuna zina. Adzaitanira chachikazi, yemwe pambuyo pobala imayikira mazira 10-20. M'masiku ochepa, adzasinthanso. Kubalaza kumatha kukhala nthawi yayitali, miyezi 2-3, mosakhalitsa.
Mazira amatuluka okhathamira, aang'ono, monga mawonekedwe oti amatsatira thupi la mkazi. Pambuyo umuna, mazira adzagwera pansi, amamatira pazokongoletsa kapena mbewu. Ulusi wopanga wopangira, moss, ndi kabomb ukhoza kukhala gawo lapansi povundikira.
Makulitsidwe kumatenga milungu ingapo. Amuna ndi akazi sagwira mazira awo, komabe, amatha kudya mwachangu. Pazosungira ana mu thanki payenera kukhala mbewu zambiri zokhala ndi masamba yaying'ono.Komanso, mwachangu mungaikidwe mu tank, momwemo ndibwino kuthira madzi kuchokera tankija wamba. Chakudya choyambirira cha oryzias ndi mazira yolk (wosweka), microworm, brine shrimp. Popita nthawi, ndibwino kusinthanitsa ana kuti nsomba zazing'ono zisamadyane.
